Predisposing Factors
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PREDISPOSI NG FACTORS
PRESEN ABSENT T
1. Age
2. Sex (gender)
3. Race
4. Heredity
5. Diabetes Mellitus
6. Socioeconomic factors
7. History of stroke
8. Cigarette
RATIONALE The chance of having a stroke more than doubles for each decade of life after age 65. While stroke is common among the elderly, a lot of people under 65 also have strokes. Stroke is more common in men than in women. In most age groups, more men than women will have a stroke in a given year. However, more than half of total stroke deaths occur in women. At all ages, more women than men die of stroke. Use of birth control pills and pregnancy pose special stroke risks for women. African Americans or Blacks have a much higher risk of death from a stroke than Caucasians do. This is partly because blacks have higher risks of high blood pressure, diabetes and obesity. Close relatives are at greater risk than non-genetically related family members of a stroke patient. Diabetes and hypertension show familial propensity thus clouding the significance of pure hereditary factors. Increase glucose in blood would cause a viscose blood that would cause decrease blood supply to the brain. Diabetes is an independent risk factor for stroke. Many people with diabetes also have high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol and are overweight. This increases their risk even more. While diabetes is treatable, the presence of the disease still increases your risk of stroke. There's some evidence that strokes are more common among low-income people than among more affluent people. The risk of stroke for someone who has already had one is many times that of a person who has not. Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are "warning strokes" that produce stroke-like symptoms but no lasting damage. TIAs are strong predictors of stroke. A person who's had one or more TIAs is almost 10 times more likely to have a stroke than someone of the same age and sex who hasn't. Recognizing and treating TIAs can reduce your risk of a major stroke. In recent years, studies have shown cigarette smoking to be an important risk factor for stroke. The nicotine and carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke
10. Heart disease
PRECIPITATIN G FACTORS 1. Stress
2. Hypertensio n
People with coronary heart disease or heart failure have a higher risk of stroke than those with hearts that work normally. Dilated cardiomyopathy (an enlarged heart), heart valve disease and some types of congenital heart defects also raise the risk of stroke.
PRESEN T
RATIONALE
ABSENT
Stress promotes vasoconstriction of the blood vessels. Narrowing of the blood vessel thus increase blood flow pressure causing the vessels to rupture. High blood pressure is the most important controllable risk factor for stroke. Many people believe the effective treatment of high blood pressure is a key reason for the accelerated decline in the death rates for stroke. Hypertension is a major factor in the development of thrombotic cerebral infarction and intracranial hemorrhage.
SYMPTOMATOLOGY
SYMPTOMS
1.LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNE SS 2. BROCA’S APHASIA
PRESEN T
ABSENT
JUSTIFICATION Due to the temporary reduction of cerebral blood flow and therefore a shortage of oxygen to the brain. This leads to light headedness or a "black out" episode. Due to the vascular lesions of the middle cerebral artery of the dominant hemisphere, the hemisphere responsible
3. HEMIPARESIS
4. HEMIANOPSIA
5. DYSARTHRIA
6. SUDDEN HEADACHE
7. TONGUE DEVIATION
8. RESTLESSNESS
9. CONFUSION
10.
for mediation language. This condition usually affects the extremities equally, but in some cases it affects one extremity more than the other. The most common stroke location in affected patients is the posterior limb of the internal capsule, which carries the descending corticospinal and corticobulbar fibers. Other stroke locations include the pons, midbrain, and medulla. Due to the sudden disturbance in the blood supply to the brain and caused by a blocked blood vessel. When the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or severely reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients, brain cells begin to die, causing damage to the cerebellum, which may result to the damage in the spinal cord and peripheral nerves that connects the cerebellum to the muscles. An excessive reactivity of cranial arteries to various stimuli, there is a general as well as focal reduction in the cerebral blood flow likely due to the vasoconstriction of brain arterioles mainly in areas corresponding to the particular neurological symptoms. The tongue deviates to the affected sides since the unaffected part of the tongue is stronger than the latter, causing it to push on the other side. It is due to the decrease in the cerebral blood flow and an increase in ICP this the patient may feel uneasiness and restlessness with what she feels. When the affected area is the frontal lobe, the memory and affect is disrupted or disturbed thus the patient may experience confusion or sometimes would develop into temporary psychosis if not addressed. With an increase in ICP and decrease
DROWSINESS 11.VOMITING
cerebral perfusion, the client would experience drowsiness for the function of neurons and other brain functions will also be affected. Most common is projectile vomiting due to the compressio0n of the brain stem.
PRESEN ABSENT T
1. Age
2. Sex (gender)
3. Race
4. Heredity
5. Diabetes Mellitus
6. Socioeconomic factors
7. History of stroke
8. Cigarette
RATIONALE The chance of having a stroke more than doubles for each decade of life after age 65. While stroke is common among the elderly, a lot of people under 65 also have strokes. Stroke is more common in men than in women. In most age groups, more men than women will have a stroke in a given year. However, more than half of total stroke deaths occur in women. At all ages, more women than men die of stroke. Use of birth control pills and pregnancy pose special stroke risks for women. African Americans or Blacks have a much higher risk of death from a stroke than Caucasians do. This is partly because blacks have higher risks of high blood pressure, diabetes and obesity. Close relatives are at greater risk than non-genetically related family members of a stroke patient. Diabetes and hypertension show familial propensity thus clouding the significance of pure hereditary factors. Increase glucose in blood would cause a viscose blood that would cause decrease blood supply to the brain. Diabetes is an independent risk factor for stroke. Many people with diabetes also have high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol and are overweight. This increases their risk even more. While diabetes is treatable, the presence of the disease still increases your risk of stroke. There's some evidence that strokes are more common among low-income people than among more affluent people. The risk of stroke for someone who has already had one is many times that of a person who has not. Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are "warning strokes" that produce stroke-like symptoms but no lasting damage. TIAs are strong predictors of stroke. A person who's had one or more TIAs is almost 10 times more likely to have a stroke than someone of the same age and sex who hasn't. Recognizing and treating TIAs can reduce your risk of a major stroke. In recent years, studies have shown cigarette smoking to be an important risk factor for stroke. The nicotine and carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke
10. Heart disease
PRECIPITATIN G FACTORS 1. Stress
2. Hypertensio n
People with coronary heart disease or heart failure have a higher risk of stroke than those with hearts that work normally. Dilated cardiomyopathy (an enlarged heart), heart valve disease and some types of congenital heart defects also raise the risk of stroke.
PRESEN T
RATIONALE
ABSENT
Stress promotes vasoconstriction of the blood vessels. Narrowing of the blood vessel thus increase blood flow pressure causing the vessels to rupture. High blood pressure is the most important controllable risk factor for stroke. Many people believe the effective treatment of high blood pressure is a key reason for the accelerated decline in the death rates for stroke. Hypertension is a major factor in the development of thrombotic cerebral infarction and intracranial hemorrhage.
SYMPTOMATOLOGY
SYMPTOMS
1.LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNE SS 2. BROCA’S APHASIA
PRESEN T
ABSENT
JUSTIFICATION Due to the temporary reduction of cerebral blood flow and therefore a shortage of oxygen to the brain. This leads to light headedness or a "black out" episode. Due to the vascular lesions of the middle cerebral artery of the dominant hemisphere, the hemisphere responsible
3. HEMIPARESIS
4. HEMIANOPSIA
5. DYSARTHRIA
6. SUDDEN HEADACHE
7. TONGUE DEVIATION
8. RESTLESSNESS
9. CONFUSION
10.
for mediation language. This condition usually affects the extremities equally, but in some cases it affects one extremity more than the other. The most common stroke location in affected patients is the posterior limb of the internal capsule, which carries the descending corticospinal and corticobulbar fibers. Other stroke locations include the pons, midbrain, and medulla. Due to the sudden disturbance in the blood supply to the brain and caused by a blocked blood vessel. When the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or severely reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients, brain cells begin to die, causing damage to the cerebellum, which may result to the damage in the spinal cord and peripheral nerves that connects the cerebellum to the muscles. An excessive reactivity of cranial arteries to various stimuli, there is a general as well as focal reduction in the cerebral blood flow likely due to the vasoconstriction of brain arterioles mainly in areas corresponding to the particular neurological symptoms. The tongue deviates to the affected sides since the unaffected part of the tongue is stronger than the latter, causing it to push on the other side. It is due to the decrease in the cerebral blood flow and an increase in ICP this the patient may feel uneasiness and restlessness with what she feels. When the affected area is the frontal lobe, the memory and affect is disrupted or disturbed thus the patient may experience confusion or sometimes would develop into temporary psychosis if not addressed. With an increase in ICP and decrease
DROWSINESS 11.VOMITING
cerebral perfusion, the client would experience drowsiness for the function of neurons and other brain functions will also be affected. Most common is projectile vomiting due to the compressio0n of the brain stem.
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