Pratiyogitadarpan Dec09

o"kZ 32

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iape vad

lEikndh; ikBdksa ds i= jk"V™h; ?kVukÿe vUrjkZ"V™h; ?kVukÿe vkfFkZd okf.kfT;d ifjn`'; uohure lkekU; Kku [ksydwn jkT; lekpkj jkstxkj lekpkj foKku ,oa izk| S ksfxdh vuqizsjd ;qok izfrHkk,a Lej.kh; rF; fo'o ifjn`'; vkfFkZd ys[kμ(i) ÿkfUr&iFk dh vksj vxzlj ^fjVsy lsDVj* (ii) lkoZtfud miÿeksa eas fofuos'k jktuhfr foKku ys[kμHkkjr esa lkEiznkf;drk dh leL;k lkekftd ys[kμHkkjr esa ySafxd vlekurk lelkef;d ys[kμ(i) jk"V™ dh vkUrfjd 'kkfUr] lqj{kk ,oa fodkl esa ckËkd % uDlyokn (ii) Hkkjrh; {ks= esa phuh ?kqliSB ls eaMjkrk [krjk lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ys[kμcgqvk;keh lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh dk Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa egRo laoSËkkfud ys[kμfjVksa dh mRifŸk o vfËkdkfjrk nk'kZfud ys[kμuSfrdrk ,oa lkekftd U;k; dh voËkkj.kkvksa dk fo'ys"k.k ,oa budk vUrlZEcUËk tyok;q ifjorZu ys[kμ p<+rk ikjk&c<+rk ladV 'kS{kf.kd ys[kμ f'k{kk ds ekË;e dks ysdj xkaËkhth ds foe'kZ dh lelkef;drk

906 910 920 927 929 937 939 946 952 957 964 967 974 979 980 981 982 986

fnlEcj 2009

lkj laxzg oLrqfu"B lkekU; Kkuμ (i) mŸkj izns'k yksd lsok vk;ksx (eq[;) ijh{kk] 2007 (ii) lgk;d leh{kk vfËkdkjh ijh{kk] 2006 (iii) deZpkjh p;u vk;ksx MkVk ,.V™h vkWijsVj ijh{kk] 2009 (iv) jk"V™h; j{kk vdkneh ijh{kk] 2009 m|ksx O;kikj txr~ ,sfPNd fo"k;μ (i) Hkwxksyμ m-iz- ih-lh-,l- lfEefyr jkT;@voj vËkhuLFk lsok fo'ks"k p;u (izk-) ijh{kk] 2004 (ii) jktuhfr foKkuμ;w-ih-ih-lh-,l- lfEefyr jkT;@voj vËkhuLFk lsok fo'ks"k p;u (izk-) ijh{kk] 2008 (iii) Hkkjrh; bfrgklμ vkj-,-,l-@vkj-Vh-,l(izk-) ijh{kk] 2008 lkekftd foKkuμ gfj;k.kk fo|ky; vË;kid ik=rk (ekLVj@feLVjSl) ijh{kk] 2009 fofoËk rF;μ oSKkfud ,oa vkS|ksfxd vuqlaËkku {ks= esa izxfr & ,d >yd rdZ'kfDr ijh{kkμvkUËkzk cSad (ih-vks-) ijh{kk] 2009 la[;kRed vfHk;ksX;rkμ cSad vkWQ egkjk"V™ (œf"k vfËkdkjh) ijh{kk] 2009 D;k vki tkurs gSa \ viuk Kku c<+kb, iz'u vkids mŸkj gekjs izFke iqjLœr leh{kk&jkT;ksa dks vkSj vfËkd Lok;Ÿkrk nsus ls jk"V™h; ,drk [krjs esa iM+ tk,xh izFke iqjLœr fucUËkμ oSKkfud fodkl vkSj i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k fucUËk izfr;ksfxrk ÿekadμ 367 dk ifj.kke

990 991 English Language— Bank of Maharashtra Agriculture Officers Exam, 2009

izfr;ksfxrk niZ.k esa izdkf'kr fdlh Hkh lkexzh vFkok fp= ds fy, lEiknd dh lgefr gksuk vko';d ugha gS- μlEiknd E-mail : [email protected]

izfr;ksfxrk niZ.k@fnlEcj@2009@823

Website : www.pdgroup.in

f^; ikBd`ks`! cÈMs g"Z ,oa lUrks" ds` lkƒ ge vkid`h ¥ksd`f^; ,oa lokZxzx≥; if(d`k ‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ.’ d`k fnlEcj vad` vkids` le” ^Lrqr d`j jgs gß\ ^fr;ksfxrk niZ. d`h loZekU; uhfr ds` vuqlkj gekjs fo}kuΩ ¥s[d`kÍ us bl vad` d`ks Hh vf÷kd`kf÷kd` ijh”ksi;ksxh cukus d`k lœ`¥ ^;kl fd`;k gS\ geÍ vkæk gh ugÓ] cfYd` iw.Z fo'okl gS fd` ^Lrqr vad` vkid`h vkd`ka”kvkÍ ds` vuqÔi mikns; gksxk\ fofHUu izfr;ksxh ijh{kkvkÍ eÍ ¥kHnk;d` gksus d`h n~fÆV ls bl vad` eÍ vusd` egRoiw.Z fo";kÍ d`k fo'¥s".kRed` fucU÷kkÍ ds` Ôi eÍ v÷;;u d`jk;k x;k gS\ bueÍ ls dq`N fucU÷k bl ^d`kj gß%jkÆV_ d`h vkUrfjd` ækfUr] lqj”k ,oa fod`kl eÍ ck÷kd` # uDl¥okn] Hkjrh; ”s( eÍ phuh ?qliSB ls eaMjkrk [rjk rƒk cgqvk;keh lwpuk ^kS»ksfxd`h d`k Hkjrh; vƒZO;oLƒk eÍ egRo vkfn\ if(d`k ds` lokZf|d` egRoiw.Z Hkx eÍ fofHUu izfr;ksxh ijh{kkvkÍ ds` p;fur iz'u-i( vko';d` O;k“;k ,oa lads`rkÍ ds` lkFk fn, x, gß\ bueÍ ls dq`N ^'u–i( bl ^d`kj gß% oLrqfuÆB lkekU; Kku%(i) m®j ^nsæ ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx ·eq“;‚ ijh”k] 2007, (ii) lgk;d` leh”k vf÷kd`kjh ijh”k] 2006, (iii) d`eZpkjh p;u vk;ksx MkVk ,UV_h vkWijsVj ijh”k] 2009, (iv) jkÆV_h; j”k vd`kneh ijh”k] 2009. ,sfPNd` fo"; # Hwxks¥%m\ ^\ ihlh,l lfEef¥r jkT;/voj v÷khuLƒ lsok foæs" p;u ·^k\‚ ijh”k] 2004. jktuhfr foKku%m®j ^nsæ ihlh,l lfEef¥r jkT;/voj v÷khuLƒ lsok foæs" p;u ·^k\‚ ijh”k] 2008. Hkjrh; bfrgkl%vkj\,\,l\/vkj\Vh\,l\ ·^k\‚ ijh”k] 2008. rdZ`æfDr ijh{kk%vkU÷kzk cßd` ·ih\ vks\‚ ijh”k] 2009. la“;kRed` vfH;ksX;rk%cßd` vkWœ` egkjkÆV_ ·Î`f" vf÷kd`kjh‚ ijh”k] 2009. gekjs lHh lq÷kh ikBd` ^fr;ksfxrk niZ. d`h cstksÈM mi;ksfxrk ds` f¥, rƒk ^fr;ksfxrk ijh”kvkÍ eÍ lœ`¥rk ds` f¥, loZekU; if(d`k ds` Ôi eÍ iw.Zr# ifjfpr gß\ ge rƒk gekjs vuqHoh ¥s[d` egkuqHko cÈMs ifjJe ds` lkƒ vkid`h lœ`¥rk ds` f¥, ^;kl d`jrs gß\ if(d`k ls Hjiwj ¥kH mBkus ds` f¥, ge vkils ;g fuosnu d`jrs gß fd` vki Hh ifjJe ds` lkƒ bld`k v÷;;u d`j okafNr lœ`¥rk d`k oj. d`jÍ\ Lej. j[Í ,slh d`ksbZ lœ`¥rk ugÓ ftls ifjJe rƒk lgh ekxZnæZu ls ^kIr ugÓ fd`;k tk lds`\ lgh ekxZnæZu ds` f¥, ^fr;ksfxrk niZ. d`k lkfu÷; vkid`ks ^kIr gS\ fu;fer Ôi ls le>nkjh ds` lkƒ izfr;ksfxrk niZ. ifÈ<,\ ;g vkid`ks vHhÆV lœ`¥rk fn¥kus ,oa vkids` mTTo¥ HfoÆ; d`k fuekZ. d`jus eÍ iw.Zr# l”e gS\ vkid`h prqfnZd` lœ`¥rk ,oa Lof.Ze HfoÆ; d`h gkfnZd` æqHd`keukvkÍ lfgr egsUê tSu ·lEiknd`‚

2009 16 uoEcj%e\ ^\ jkT; lsok eq“; ijh”k%2008 21 uoEcj%Hkjrh; vkfFkZd` lsok/Hkjrh; lkaf“;d`h; lsok ijh{kk–2009 22 uoEcj%jktLFkku jkT; ik(rk ijh{kk (SET)–2009 22 uoEcj%jktLƒku xzkeh. cßd` vf|d`kjh Lds`¥-I HrhZ ijh”k 22 uoEcj%d`kWiksZjsæu cßd` ^kscsæujh vkWœ`hllZ ijh”k 22 uoEcj%f(os.h ”s(h; xzkeh. cßd` vkWœ`hlj Lds`¥–I ijh”k 22 uoEcj%m®jk[≥M lfpok¥;/¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx leh”k vf÷kd`kjh/lgk;d` leh”k vf÷kd`kjh ^k\ ijh”k–2007 27 uoEcj%N®hlxÈ< fæ”kd`ehZ p;u ijh”k–2009 ·ds`Vsxjh 1, 2 ,oa 3‚ 29 uoEcj%jktLƒku xzkeh. cßd` f¥fid`-lg-jksd`fÈM;k HrhZ ijh”k 29 uoEcj%d`kWiksZjsæu cßd` D¥sjhd`¥ dS`Mj ijh”k 29 uoEcj%f(os.h ”s(h; xzkeh. cßd` vkWfœ`l vflLVÍV ijh”k 29-30 uoEcj%N®hlxÈ< ih\lh\,l\ lgk;d` ^k÷;kid` ·mPp fæ”k foHkx‚ ijh”k uoEcj%Hkjrh; ok;qlsuk eÍ xzqi ‘X’ rd`uhd`h V_sMΩl eÍ ,;jeSukÍ d`h HrhZ ijh”k 6 fnlEcj%oh\ ch\ flag iwokÛp¥ fo'ofo»k¥;] tkSuiqj ch\ih\,M\ ^os'k ijh{kk–2009-10 12 fnlEcj%gfj;k.k Ldw`¥ VhplZ ik(rk ijh{kk fnlEcj%2009 ·,s¥hesUVjh VhplZ‚ 13 fnlEcj%vksfj,aV¥ cßd` vkWœ` d`kWelZ ^kscsæujh vkWœ`hllZ ijh”k 13 fnlEcj%,l\,l\lh\ d`j lgk;d` ijh”k%2009 13 fnlEcj%gfj;k.k Ldw`¥ VhplZ ik(rk ijh{kk fnlEcj%2009 ·ekLVlZ/feLV_sl‚ 13 fnlEcj%ohj cgknqj flag iwokÛp¥ fo'ofo»k¥;] tkSuiqj ·m\ ^\‚ ,e\,M\ ^os'k ijh{kk%2009-10 19 fnlEcj%gfj;k.k Ldw`¥ VhplZ ik(rk ijh{kk fnlEcj%2009 ·¥sDpjlZ‚ 20 fnlEcj%jkÆV_h; fef¥V_h Ldw`¥ ‘d`kWeu ,aV_Íl VsLV’ ·d`”k 6‚ 20 fnlEcj%lh\,l\vkbZ\vkj\ ;w\th\lh\ NET ijh”k–2009 ·foKku fo";kÍ eÍ‚ 20 fnlEcj%fot;k cßd` ^kscsæujh D¥dZ` HrhZ ijh”k

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/824

26 fnlEcj%ds`Unzh; fo»k¥; laxBu ihthVh HrhZ ijh”k 27 fnlEcj%t;iqj ƒkj xzkeh. cßd` d`k;kZ¥; lgk;d`kÍ d`h HrhZ 27 fnlEcj%ds`Unzh; fo»k¥; laxBu VhthVh ijh”k 27 fnlEcj%vksfj,aV¥ cßd` vkWœ` d`kWelZ f¥fid`h; HrhZ ijh”k 27 fnlEcj%gfj;k.k xzkeh. cßd` vkWœ`hllZ Lds`¥-I ijh{kk 27 fnlEcj%;wthlh uSV/tsvkj,œ` ijh”k 28 fnlEcj%ds`Unzh; fo»k¥; laxBu ^kbejh Vhpj ijh”k

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2010 3 tuojh%gfj;k.k xzkeh. cßd` f¥fid` lg-jksd`fÈM;k ,oa 10 tuojh%;wfu;u cßd` D¥sjhd`¥ dS`Mj ijh”k 17 tuojh%bf≥M;u cßd` ^kscs'kujh vkWœ`hllZ ijh{kk

f¥fid` lg-VkbfiLV ijh{kk

·vkWu¥kbu vfUre frfƒ%16 uoEcj] 2009‚ xzkeh. cßd` f¥fid`–lg–jksd`fÈM;k HrhZ ijh”k ·vfUre frfƒ%20 uoEcj] 2009‚ 24 tuojh%ek¥ok xzkeh. cßd` vkWœ`hllZ Lds`¥–I ijh”k ·xzqi–A‚ ·vfUre frfƒ%24 uoEcj] 2009‚ 31 tuojh%ek¥ok xzkeh. cßd` d`k;kZ¥; lgk;d`kÍ d`h HrhZ ijh”k ·xzqi–B‚ ·vfUre frfƒ%24 uoEcj] 2009‚ 31 tuojh%fnY¥h U;kf;d` lsok ^kjfEHd` ijh”k ·vfUre frfƒ%1 fnlEcj] 2009‚ tuojh/œ`jojh%,\,œ`\,e\lh\ iq.s ch\,l-lh\ ·uflÛx‚/lkekU; uflÛx ,oa feMokbœ`jh ·th,u,e‚ ikBΩ;dz`e%2010 ·vfUre frfƒ%20 uoEcj] 2009‚ 7 œ`jojh%tokgj uoksn; fo»k¥; ^os'k ijh{kk%2010 ·d`{kk VI ds` f¥,‚ 14 œ`jojh%la? ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx lfEef¥r j”k lsok ijh”k (I)–2010 3 v^S¥%lh\ch\,l\bZ\ ^h–esfMd`¥ ,oa ^h–MÍV¥ ^osæ ijh”k–2010 ·vfUre frfƒ%4 fnlEcj] 2009‚ 18 v^S¥%la? ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx jkÆV_h; j”k vd`kneh rƒk ukSlsuk vd`kneh ijh”k (I)–2010 ·vfUre frfƒ%16 uoEcj] 2009‚ 17 tuojh%fgekp¥

thou-i)fr dks turkfU«kd cukb, LorU(rk ds` 62 o"Z ckn Hh ge turU( d`h Hkouk d`ks vius thou d`h ^sj.k æfDr ugÓ cuk ik, gß\ lkE^nkf;d` naxs] vigj.] c¥kRd`kj] jktuhfrd` gR;k,a] vkrad`oknh ?Vuk,a vkfn gekjs ^tkrU( ds` f¥, d`¥ad` cu xbZ gß\ ,slk ^rhr gksrk gS tSls geus vius ^tkrU( d`ks æSrku d`ks lqiqnZ d`j fn;k gS rƒk Lo;a la(kl vkSj vj”k d`k thou thus d`ks fooæ gks x, gß\ turU( ds` uke ij ge tu-tu d`h cks¥rh cUn d`jus ij vkeknk gß\ fu'p; gh ;g fpUrk d`k fo"; gS fd` gekjk turU( okLro eÍ lad`VxzLr gS rƒk bld`k HfoÆ; mTto¥ fn[kbZ ugÓ iÈMrk\ ;g fLƒfr cn¥uh pkfg,\ turU( turk d`k ·lcd`k‚ æklu gksrk gS\ mleÍ ^R;sd` O;fDr vius d`ks nwljs ds` leku in vkSj æfDr ok¥k le>rk gS\ blf¥, turU( eÍ ;g ^'u gh mRiUu ugÓ gksrk gS fd` d`ksbZ O;fDr fd`lh vU; O;fDr d`k vuqæklu ekus] ijUrq bld`k vƒZ ;g ugÓ le> ¥suk pkfg, fd` turU( vuqæklughurk d`h voLƒk gS vƒok og ,d` ,slh æklu i*fr gS ftleÍ vuqæklu d`k d`ksbZ Lƒku gh ugÓ gksrk gS\ turU( oLrqr# ,d` ,slh thoui*fr gS ftleÍ ^R;sd` O;fDr Lo;eso bruk vuqækflr gksrk gS fd` æklu d`ks fd`lh ^d`kj ds` vuqæklu d`h O;oLƒk d`jus d`h vko';d`rk gh ugÓ iÈMrh gS\ turU( ds` blh vknæZLoÔi d`ks iwT; egkRek xka|h us ‘jkejkT;’ d`gk gS\ muds` }kjk ifjd`fYir ‘jke-jkT;’ ,d` ,slh ækluO;oLƒk gS tks d`e-ls-d`e æklu d`jrh gS\ lh\bZ\ g;wtst ds` æCnkÍ eÍ ‘‘^tkrU( d`k viuk laxBu vkSj æklu gksuk pkfg,] ijUrq O;fDrxr LorU(rk gh mld`k ^k. gS\’’ bl lUnHZ eÍ ge ;g le> ¥Í fd` O;fDrxr LorU(rk d`k vƒZ mN~a[¥rk vƒok euekuk O;ogkj ugÓ gS\ gekjh rjg vU; O;fDr;kÍ d`ks Hh O;fDrxr LorU(rk ^kIr gS\ vr,o O;fDrxr LorU(rk bl ^d`kj vkRekuqækflr gks fd` og vU; O;fDr;kÍ d`h LorU(rk eÍ ck|d` u cus\ O;fDrxr LorU(rk d`k vknæZ Ôi ;g gS fd` og vU; O;fDr;kÍ d`h LorU(rk ds` fuokZg d`h lkf|d`k cus\ ge vxj viuh gh ckr d`grs jgÍxs] viuh bPNkuqlkj gh O;ogkj d`jrs jgÍxs] rks ge mN~a[¥rk vƒok vjktd`rk ds` gsrq cu tk,axs\ LorU(rk d`k ew¥ rRo ;g gS fd` ge ^R;sd` O;fDr d`ks vius fopkj ^d`V d`jus vkSj lkekftd` vkpj. d`jus d`h LorU(rk ds` i”|j cuÍ\ O;fDrxr LorU(rk d`ks ¥{; d`jds egkRek xka|h us f¥[k gS fd` ‘‘^tkrU( d`k vƒZ eß ;g le>rk gw∑ fd` izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/825

bleÍ uhps-ls-uhps vkSj ˜∑ps-ls-˜∑ps vkneh d`ks vkxs cÈ<us d`k leku volj fe¥s\’’ gekjh Hh ;gh |kj.k gS fd` O;fDrxr LorU(rk ds` fod`flr gksus ds` f¥, lnΩHkouk d`k okrkoj. vko';d` gS\ ;g rHh lEHo gS\ tc ^R;sd` O;fDr d`k JsÆBre Ôi mHj d`j vfHO;Dr gks lds` rƒk ^R;sd` O;fDr d`ks vleku fod`kl ds` f¥, leku volj mi¥C| gkÍ] p∂`orhZ jktxksik¥kpkjh d`k d`ƒu nzÆVO; gS fd` ‘‘eß ^tkrU( eÍ blf¥, fo'okl d`jrk gw∑ D;kÍfd` og ^R;sd` euqÆ; d`h æfDr d`ks mUeqDr d`jrk gS\’’ bl rF; ls rks lc lger gkÍxs fd` ^tkrU( ;k turU( us lk|kj. O;fDr d`ks] ig¥s ls d`gÓ vf|d` xkSjo ^nku fd`;k\ gekjs nsæ eÍ vkt HzÆVkpkj oLrqr# fæÆVkpkj cu x;k gS\ ge ¥ksx NksVh-NksVh lqfo|kvkÍ ds` f¥, turU(kRed` ewY;kÍ ds` lkƒ le>kSrk d`jrs gq, fn[kbZ nsrs gß\ gekjs tuuk;d` viuh bPNk ds` lkeus oS|kfud` ck|k d`ks [ÈMh ns[d`j lafo|ku eÍ laæks|u d`j ¥srs gß\ turU( oLrqr# ekuoh; ewY;kÍ d`k i;kZ;okph gksrk gS] ijUrq geus mld`ks vius lsod` d`k Lƒku ^nku d`j j[k gS\ lafo|ku vkSj LorU(rk ds` lkƒ le>kSrk d`jus ok¥s O;fDr u rks LorU(rk ds` ;ksX; gksrs gß vkSj u lqj”k ds`\ LiÆV gS fd` ge vius HfoÆ; ds` lkƒ f[¥okÈM d`j jgs gß vkSj vius ik∑o eÍ dq`YgkÈMh ekjus ok¥h d`gkor pfjrkƒZ d`j jgs gß\ fof| vkSj fo|ku d`h voKk d`jus ds` d`kj. gekjs Hhrj vU;k; ds` fo:* vkokt mBkus d`k lkgl ugÓ jg x;k gS\ gekjk turU( oLrqr# HhÈMrU( curk tk jgk gS\ geus vPNs d`kuwu rks cuk f¥, gß] ijUrq d`kuwu d`ks ekuus vkSj euokus ok¥s vPNs vknfe;kÍ d`k vd`k¥ iÈM x;k gS\ ;wjksi ds` nkæZfud` firkeg fopkjd` vjLrw us Bhd` gh d`gk

ƒk fd` “It is better for a city to be governed by a goodman than even by good laws” vƒkZrΩ vusd` vPNs d`kuwukÍ d`h vis”k ds`o¥ ,d` vPNs O;fDr }kjk ækflr gksuk d`gÓ vf|d` vPNk gksrk gS\ Hkjr ds` iw.Z LorU( gksus ds` iwoZ bax¥S≥M ds` ^|kueU(h Jh ¯oLVu pfpZ¥ us d`gk ƒk fd` ‘‘vaxzst rks Hkjr d`ks NksÈM nÍxs] ijUrq ;gk∑ ds` fuoklh viuk æklu dq`N fnu Hh ugÓ p¥k ldÍ`xs’’ vkSj mld`k d`kj. crkrs gq, pfpZ¥ us d`gk ƒk] fd` ‘‘;gk∑ d`h turk tks vusd` |eZ] etgc tkfr-ik∑fr eÍ c∑Vh gqbZ gS] og l®k ij viuk vf|d`kj tekus ds` f¥, vkil eÍ ¥ÈMsxh] ftlls ;g nsæ ig¥s d`h rjg NksVs-NksVs jtokÈMkÍ eÍ c∑V tk,xk] ftld`k ¥kH mBkd`j d`ksbZ ckgjh æfDr fœ`j ;gk∑ viuk vf|d`kj tek ¥sxh\’’ pfpZ¥ ds` mDr oDrO; ij Hkjrokfl;kÍ us cgqr rh[h ^frf∂`;k O;Dr d`h ƒh] ijUrq vc oLrqfLƒfr cgqr dq`N pfpZ¥ d`h vkæad`k ds` vuqÔi fn[kbZ nsrh gS\ geÍ le> ¥suk pkfg, fd` lq›È< jkejkT; ds` rhu LrEH gksrs gß%lk|qer] ¥ksd`er vkSj lafo|ku\ jkepfjrekul eÍ )`f" ofæÆB ^tkuu ls ;gh d`grs gq, fn[kbZ nsrs gß fd` ‘‘rqe Hjr d`h ckr iwjs ÷;ku ,oa lEeku ds` lkƒ lquus ds` mijkUr%d`jc lk|qer] ¥ksd`er] u~iu; fuxe fupksfj\’’ gekjh ^Lrqr turU(kRed` i*fr eÍ lk|qer loZƒk misf”r gS] lafo|ku loZƒk oksV d`h jktuhfr d`k eq[kis”h cu x;k gS\ ¥ksd`er vusd` d`kj.kÍoæ iaxq gksd`j iæq c¥ ,oa |u c¥ d`h cSæk[h ij p¥ jgk gS\ geÍ Lofoosd` ds` vuqlkj ;g fopkj d`juk pkfg, fd` ge LorU( ukxfjd` d`h Hk∑fr fd`l ^d`kj vkpj. d`j ld`rs gß\ lPph LorU(rk rHh lEHo gS tc ge ^R;sd` O;fDr d`ks LorU(rk d`k vf|d`kjh le>Í vkSj lPps eu ls fopkj LokrUfl; d`ks ekU;rk ^nku d`jÍ\ turU( d`k thou thus ds` f¥, geÍ cÍtkfeu ≠ß`d`f¥u d`k ;g d`ƒu ≤n;axe d`juk pkfg,%‘‘;»fi eß mlls lger ugÓ gw∑] tks rqe d`grs gks] rƒkfi rqEgkjs bl ^d`kj d`gus ds` vf|d`kj ds` f¥, eß fujUrj la?"Z d`Ô∑xk\’’ æklu ds` vHko d`k uke vjktd`rk gS\ æklu d`h vko';d`rk ds` vHko d`k uke turU( gS\ vkRe-vuqækflr turU( gh gekjh thou i*fr d`k ew¥ eU( gksuk pkfg,\ ●●●

pUns d`h ubZ njÍ ✫ vid`hfrZ vej gS vkSj tc d`ksbZ mls e~rd` le>rk gS rc Hh og thfor jgrh gS\ %IY;wVl ✫ |uoku vkSj fu|Zu d`k vUrj fd`ruk ux≥; gS\ ,d` gh fnu d`h Hw[ vkSj ,d` gh ?≥Vs d`h I;kl nksukÍ d`ks leku cuk nsrh gS\ %[¥h¥ ftczku ✫ bPNk d`h I;kl d`Hh ugÓ cq>rh] u iw.ZÔi ls lUrqÆV gksrh gS\ %flljks ✫ vuqHwfr;kÍ ds` ljksoj eÍ vkRefo'okl ds` d`e¥ f[¥rs gß\ %ve~r¥k¥ ukxj ✫ tks vf|d` |uh gS og vf|d` v|hu gS\ %æs[lknh ✫ nwljkÍ d`h u rks vk¥kspuk d`jks vkSj u mu ij nks"kjksi. d`jks\ muds` lkFk ^se vkSj lgkuqHwfr d`k O;ogkj d`jks\ %lR; lkbÛ ckck ✫ dq`jhfr ds` v|hu gksuk d`k;jrk gS] mld`k fojks| d`juk iq:"kƒZ gS\ %egkRek xkaa|h ✫ vgad`kjh O;fDr ds`o¥ vius gh egkuΩ d`k;ksÛ d`k o.Zu d`jrk gS vkSj nwljs ds` ds`o¥ cqjs d`eksÛ d`k\ %fLiukstk ✫ vU;k; d`k jkT; ck¥w d`h Hhr gS\ %t;æad`j ^lkn ✫ vfu;fer xjhch ls vfu;fer vehjh vf|d` H;kud` gS\ %chpj ✫ vlUrqÆV euqÆ; lalkj eÍ vf|d` fnukÍ rd` thfor ugÓ jgrs\ %æsDlih;j

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izfr;ksfxrk niZ. 2/11 ,] Lons'kh chek uxj] vkxjk-2

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eß fiN¥s nks lk¥ ls ^fr;ksfxrk niZ. d`k eß Hkjr o usik¥ ds` lhekorhZ ”s( tksxcuh fu;fer ikBd` gw∑\ vc rd` eßus bld`k ^R;sd` ·fcgkj‚ d`k fuoklh gw∑\ eß vUrj Lukrd` vad` iÈs Hkjrh; cÈMs gh lq¥H rjhds` ls mÂkh.Z fd`;k tk ld`rk eß ^fr;ksfxrk niZ. d`k foxr 7–8 o"ksÛ bfrgkl] jktO;oLƒk vkSj vƒZO;oLƒk ds` gS\ ls fu;fer ikBd` gw∑\ foæs"r# blds` lEiknd`h; fo"; eÍ mi;ksxh vkSj Kkuo|Zd` lkexzh ^kIr ‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ.’ eÍ vU; ^fr;ksxh i~ÆB d`k tcnZLr ^æald` gksrh jgrh gS\ esjk fuosnu gS fd` vki Hkjr if(d`kvkÍ d`h rq¥uk eÍ LiÆV] lVhd`] lkjgw∑\ bl d`kW¥e ds` fnO; ,oa d`k ‘Hwxks¥] lkekU; foKku] laLÎ`fr’ vkfn xfHZr o (qfVghu lkexzh mi¥C| gksrh gS\ æk'or lansæ esjh NBh fo";kÍ ij ‘¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx’ d`h ijh”k gsrq fucU| ^fr;ksfxrk o VkWilZ ds` lk”kRd`kj rks KkusUnzh tkxfjr d`j nsrk mi;ksxh lkexzh Hh le;–le; ij ^d`kfær gesæk gh thou eÍ vkxs cÈ<us o VkWij cuus ds` gS\ ;g mlh fnO; ^sj.k d`jÍ\ vkils ;g Hh fuosnu gS fd` ‘Hw¥ lq|kj’ f¥, ^sfjr d`jrs gß\ d`k lqœ`¥ gS fd` ru c¥ if(d`k eÍ ,d` fuf'pr Lƒku ij fn;k d`jÍ\ eksrh¥k¥ gfjuxj] lhd`j ·jkt\‚ d`etksj gksus `ij Hh esjk rkfd` mls vklkuh ls ns[k tk lds`\ d`ks≥Mk xk∑o] cLrj ·N\x\‚ eß MA First (English) d`k Nk( gw∑\ euksc¥ pVΩVku d`h rjg foinkvkÍ eÍ [ÈMk fuf| tSu eß ^fr;ksfxrk niZ. d`h fu;fer ikfBd`k gw∑\ CPF d`h rS;kjh d`j jgk gw∑\ eß foxr 9 eghus ls jgrk\ v¥c®k d`bZ vlœ`¥rkvkÍ ds` ckotwn ‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ.’ d`k esjh mEehnÍ tok∑ jgrÓ\ okf"Zd`kad` ^Lrqfr gsrq vkids` lEiknd`h; ¥s[ rƒk lœ`¥ v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` lk”kRd`kj ^sj.knk;d` fu;fer ikBd` gw∑\ eq>s miÎ`r gw∑\ ;g if(d`k iÈ<us d`h ^sj.k larks" d`';i ‘Hkjr’ iVuk gksrs gß ,oa ikBΩ;–lkexzh esjs ekek ds` ¥ÈMds` ‘fuVw eß xr 6 o"ksÛ ls vkid`h bl mRÎ`ÆV fo'oluh; gksrh gS\ esjk p;u R P S C nfg;k’ ls fe¥h] tks vHh if(d`k ‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ.’ d`k fu;fer ikBd` IPS d`h rS;kjh d`j jgs gß] gw∑\ blds` vƒZO;oLƒk o lelkef;d`h okf"Zd`h }kjk vk;ksftr r~rh; Js.h ;g vPNs ekxZnæZu ds` f¥, ds` vad` cstksÈM gß\ ;g if(d`k ^R;sd` v˙;ƒhZ fæ”d` HrhZ 2008 lkekU; loZJsÆB if(d`k gS\ lkekU; v÷;;u ds` f¥, ds` f¥, ‘xkxj eÍ lkxj’ gS\ blh if(d`k ds` ·laLÎ`r fæ”k‚ eÍ gks x;k d`kœ`h ¥ksd`f^; lkfcr gksrh gS\ blds` v¥kok v÷;;u d`k ifj.ke ƒk fd` esjk p;u gS\ blls ig¥s jktLƒku fo'ofo»k¥; ch\ eßus vaxzsth d`h d`bZ if(d`k,a iÈ<Ó] ijUrq lp loZ^ƒe v÷;kid` in ij gqvk\ blds` i'pkrΩ ,M\ (B.Ed.) ijh”k – 2007 o jktLƒku d`gw∑] rks ^fr;ksfxrk niZ. ds` vkxs d`ksbZ ugÓ gS\ eßus ^ƒe ^;kl eÍ fo'ofo»k¥; vuqnku fo'ofo»k¥; ,e\,M\ (M.Ed.) ijh”k–2008 ;g ,d` lexz ekfld` if(d`k gS\ eß blds` vk;ksx }kjk vk;ksftr JRF–NET ·fnlEcj– nksukÍ eÍ ^ƒe ^;kl eÍ vPNs vad`kÍ ls esjk mTTo¥ HfoÆ; vkSj vuojrΩ fod`kl d`h 2008‚ ijh”k JRF Hwxks¥ fo"; m®h.Z d`h\ p;u gqvk\ d`keuk d`jrk gw∑\ t;iqj ·jkt\‚ gk¥ gh eÍ] esjk ^ƒe ^;kl eÍ jktLƒku fot;Jh jruw eueksgu vg¥kor jksgrd` ·gfj;k.k‚ ^æklfud` lsok–2007 eÍ p;u gqvk gS\ eß bu vkid`ks lwfpr d`jrs gq, eq>s vfr [qæh eß ^fr;ksfxrk niZ. d`k fiN¥s rhu o"ksÛ lœ`¥rkvkÍ ds` f¥, ‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ. ifjokj’ gks jgh gS fd` esjk p;u jktLƒku ¥ksd` lsok ls fu;fer ikBd` gw∑\ eß d`kæh fo»kihB `,e\,\ d`k vkHkjh gw∑\ fucU|] lk”kRd`kj] ekWM¥ vk;ksx (RPSC) }kjk vk;ksftr iVokj HrhZ isij vkSj oLrqfuÆB ^'u bR;kfn lesfd`r ijh”k–2008 eÍ bl in ds` f¥, 474 jßd` ds` ·^ƒe o"Z‚ d`k Nk( gw∑\ eß lkƒ gks x;k\ Ôi bls iw.Zrk ^nku d`jrs gß\ JRF/NET d`h rS;kjh Hh blds` f¥, eßus fd`lh ^d`kj d`h d`ks¯px jktsUnz ißfl;k Jhxaxkuxj ·jktLƒku‚ d`j jgk gw∑\ eß ^fr;ksfxrk ugÓ ¥h\ vkids` ^d`kæu d`h iqLrdÍ` [kld`j niZ. ds` ^R;sd` ekfld` vkid`ks lwfpr d`jrs gq, g"Z ds` lkƒ ekfld` if(d`k ‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ.’ d`k cÈMk vad` d`kcÈMh mRlqd`rk ls d`guk gS fd` eß ^fr;ksfxrk niZ. rƒk lkekU; ;ksxnku jgk\ fd`lh Hh ^fr;ksxh ijh”k eÍ ^rh”k d`jrk gw∑\ bleÍ Kku niZ. d`k xr 5 o"ksÛ ls fu;fer ikBd` gw∑\ ‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ.’ d`k cgqr egRo gS\ ^fr^Lrqr fd`, `tkus ok¥s buds` fu;fer v÷;;u ls esjk p;u ds`Unzh; ;ksfxrk niZ. eÍ ^Lrqr fd`, tkus ok¥s VkWilZ VkWilZ ds` lk”kRd`kj cgqr gh ^sj.knk;h gksrs fo»k¥; laxBu] ubZ fnY¥h }kjk vk;ksftr ds` baVjO;w esjs f¥, ^sj.k lzksr gß\ bld`k gß\ ^fr;ksfxrk niZ. vius eÍ lEiw.Z if(d`k gS] PRT in ds` f¥, gqvk gS] ¥sfd`u esjh eaft¥ ‘lkj–laxz g rƒk ‘Lej.h; rF;’ xkxj eÍ tks ge ;qokvkÍ ds` f¥, cgqr gh mi;ksxh ih\lh\,l\ eÍ p;u gksuk gS\ esjh vksj ls lkxj ds` leku gS\ fofHUu ^fr;ksxh ijh”kvkÍ fl* gks jgh gS\ bleÍ ^Lrqr fd`, x, ¥s[ ^fr;ksfxrk niZ. rƒk lkekU; Kku niZ. ds` g¥ ^'u–i( cstksÈM gß\ fæon;k¥ xjok nk∑r¥k] lhd`j ·jkt\‚ mPpd`ksfV ds` gksrs gß\ ifjokj d`ks gkfnZd` æqHd`keuk,a\ jktsæ dq`ekj mik÷;k; ‘flCcq’`

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^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/827/2

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fo|ku lHkbZ pqukokÍ ds` i'pkrΩ gfj;k.k] egkjkÆV_ o v:`.kp¥ ^nsæ eÍ ubZ ljd`kjkÍ d`k xBu # rhukÍ jkT;kÍ eÍ fuorZeku eq“;ea(h gh bl in ij cjd`jkj gfj;k.k] egkjkÆV_ o v:.kp¥ izns'k d`h fo|ku lHkvkÍ ds` f¥, vDVwcj 2009 eÍ lEiUu pqukokÍ eÍ d`kaxzsl d`ks Hkjh lœ`¥rk izkIr gqbZ gS ftlls rhukÍ gh jkT;kÍ eÍ d`kaxzsl d`k l®k ij d`Ctk cjd`jkj jgk gS rƒk rhukÍ gh jkT;kÍ eÍ fuorZeku eq“;ea(h gh vius bu inkÍ ij cus jgs gß\ iwoZ ?ksf"r d`k;Zdz`e ds` rgrΩ gfj;k.k d`h 90, egkjkÆV_ d`h 288 o v:.kp¥ izns'k d`h 60 lnL;h; fo|ku lHkbZ lhVkÍ ds` f¥, ernku ,d` gh pj. eÍ 13 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks lEiUu gqvk ƒk\ rhukÍ jkT;kÍ eÍ erx.uk 22 vDVwcj d`ks lEiUu gqbZ\ buds` ifj.kekÍ d`k C;kSjk fuEuf¥f[r gS%

pquko eÍ visf{kr lœ`¥rk d`kaxzsl d`ks ugÓ fe¥ ld`h\ 90 lnL;h; fo|ku lHk eÍ 40 lhVÍ thrd`j lcls cÈMh ikVhZ ;»fi ;g cuh fd`Urq bld`h ;g lhVÍ fiN¥s 2005 ds` pquko eÍ thrh lhVkÍ (67) ls cgqr d`e jgh gß\ vkseizd`k'k pkSVk¥k ds` usr~Ro ok¥h bafM;u us'ku¥ ¥ksd`n¥ d`ks 31 lhVÍ bl pquko eÍ fe¥Ó\ pkSVk¥k Lo;a nks lhVkÍ ls fuokZfpr gq, gß] tcfd` Htu¥k¥ d`h uoxfBr gfj;k.k tufgr d`kaxzsl (HJC) d`ks 6, Hktik d`ks 4, clik d`ks 1 o funZ¥h;kÍ d`ks 7 lhVkÍ ij fot; izkIr gqbZ gS\ fo|ku lHk eÍ n¥xr fLƒfr dq`¥ lhVÍ 90 d`kaxzsl 40 bus¥ks 31 gtd`ka ·ch,¥‚ 6 Hkjrh; turk ikVhZ 4 f'kjksef. vd`k¥h n¥ 1 clik 1 funZ¥h; 7

gfj;k.k vizS¥-ebZ 2009 ds` ¥ksd`lHkbZ pqukokÍ eÍ gfj;k.k eÍ d`kaxzsl d`h Hkjh lœ`¥rk ds` ifjizs{; eÍ jkT; fo|ku lHk d`ks fu|kZfjr HwisUnz ¯lg gqMΩMk d`ks gfj;k.k ds` eq“;ea(h in le; ls ¥xHx 6 ekg iwoZ gh Hax d`j d`h 'kiƒ fn¥krs jkT;ik¥ txUukƒ igkfÈM;k jkT; eÍ fo|ku lHk pquko izns'k d`h lhVkÍ d`h mi;qZDr fLƒfr ds` lkƒ d`kaxzsl ljd`kj us d`jk, ƒs] fd`Urq bl d`kaxzsl us gh 7 funZ¥h; fo|k;d`kÍ rƒk

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/829

,d`ek( clik fo|k;d` ds` leƒZu ls jkT; eÍ ubZ ljd`kj d`k xBu fd`;k gS ftleÍ fuorZeku eq“;ea(h HwisUnz ¯lg gqMΩMk d`ks gh iqu# eq“;ea(h cuk;k x;k gS\ jkT;ik¥ txUukƒ igkfÈM;k us 25 vDVwcj 2009 d`ks paÈMhxÈ< eÍ ,d` lekjksg eÍ mUgÍ in ,oa xksiuh;rk d`h 'kiƒ xzg. d`jkbZ\ og nwljh ckj bl jkT; ds` eq“;ea(h cus gß\ mUgkÍus vds`¥s gh 'kiƒ xzg. d`h gS\ ckn eÍ 28 vDVwcj d`ks fo|ku lHk eÍ viuk cgqer mUgkÍus fl¨ fd`;k gS\ fo'okl er ds` le; Htu¥k¥ d`h gfj;k.k tufgr d`kaxzsl us ernku d`k cfgÆd`kj fd`;k\ fo'okl er eÍ 47 er gh gqMΩMk d`ks izkIr gq, gß\

v:`.kp¥ izns'k v:.kp¥ izns'k eÍ l®kÔÈ< d`kaxzsl us nks frgkbZ cgqer ds` lkƒ l®k ij fu;a(. cuk, j[k gS\ 60 lnL;h; fo|ku`lHk eÍ 42 lhVkÍ ij fot; d`kaxzsl d`ks izkIr gqbZ gS] tcfd` 2004 ds` pquko eÍ 34 lhVÍ gh mls izkIr ƒÓ\ rktk pquko eÍ jkÆV_oknh d`kaxzsl ikVhZ o r~.ew¥ d`kaxzsl la;qDr Ôi ls nwljs Lƒku ij jgh gß\ nksukÍ gh ikfVZ;kÍ d`ks 5-5 lhVkÍ ij fot; bl pquko eÍ izkIr gqbZ gS\ r~.ew¥ us bl lhekorhZ jkT; eÍ tgk∑ ig¥h ckj gh pquko ¥ÈMk ƒk] ogÓ jkd`kaik d`ks 2 lhVÍ fiN¥s 2004 ds` pquko eÍ izkIr ƒÓ\ Hktik ftls 9 lhVÍ 2004 eÍ izkIr gqbZ ƒÓ] d`ks ds`o¥ 3 lhVÍ gh bl ckj fe¥ ld`h gß\ jkT; d`h ,d` {ks(h; ikVhZ ihiqYl ikVhZ vkWœ` v:.kp¥ izns'k 4 lhVÍ thrus eÍ lœ`¥ jgh] tcfd` ,d` lhV funZ¥h; mEehnokj us thrh gS\

eq“;ea(h in d`h 'kiƒ xzg. d`jus ds` i'pkrΩ jkT;ik¥ tu\ ·lsokfuo~®‚ ts\ ts\ ¯lg ds` lkƒ v:`.kp¥ izns'k ds` eq“;ea(h nksjth [kaMw

fo|ku lHk eÍ n¥xr fLƒfr dq`¥ lhVÍ 60 d`kaxzsl 42 Hkjrh; turk ikVhZ 03 jkd`kaik 05 r~.ew¥ d`kaxzsl 05 ihiqYl ikVhZ vkWœ` v:.kp¥ izns'k 04 funZ¥h; 01 ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/830

v:.kp¥ izns'k ds` eq“;ea(h nksjth [kaMw (Dorjee Khandu) us ,d` u;k d`hfrZeku bl pquko eÍ ;g Lƒkfir fd`;k gS\ jkT; ds` rokax (Tawang) ft¥s ds` eqDVks (Mukto) fuokZpu {ks( ls fd` rhljh ckj fufoZjks| fuokZfpr gq, gß\ ,d gh fuokZpu {ks( ls fo|ku lHk ds` f¥, rhu ckj fufoZjks| fuokZfpr gksus ok¥s og ig¥s O;fDr gß\

mi;qZDr pquko ifj.kekÍ ds` lkƒ fuorZeku d`kaxzslh eq“;ea(h nksjth [kaMw (Dorjee Khandu) gh iqu# bl lhekorhZ jkT; ds` eq“;ea(h cus gß\ jkT;ik¥ tuj¥ ·lsokfuo~Âk‚ ts\ ts\ ¯lg us 25 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks jkt|kuh bZVkuxj eÍ mUgÍ in vkSj xksiuh;rk d`h 'kiƒ fn¥kbZ\ eq“;e(h ds` Ôi eÍ 54 o"hZ; nksjth [kaMw d`k ;g nwljk d`k;Zd`k¥ gS\ luΩ 2007 eÍ xsxkax vikax (Gegong Apang) d`ks vinLƒ d`j og ig¥h ckj eq“;ea(h cus ƒs\ vikax 23 o"ksaÛ rd` bl jkT; ds` eq“;ea(h jgs ƒs\

egkjkÆV_ egkjkÆV_ fo|ku lHk d`h 288 lhVkÍ eÍ ls 144 lhVÍ thr d`j d`kaxzsl-jkÆV_oknh d`kaxzsl ikVhZ ·jkd`kaik‚ xBca|u us ¥xkrkj rhljh ckj l®k ij d`Ctk fd`;k gS\ fiN¥s 2004 ds` pquko eÍ bl xBca|u d`ks tgk∑ 140 lhVÍ izkIr ƒÓ] ogÓ bl ckj 144 lhVÍ ·d`kaxzsl 82, jkd`kaik 62‚ thr d`j LiÆV cgqer bl xBca|u us izkIr fd`;k gS\ Hktik-f'kolsuk xBca|u d`h lhVkÍ d`h la“;k bl ckj 90 ·Hktik 46, f'kolsuk 44‚ ij gh fleV xbZ gß] tks fiN¥s pqukokÍ eÍ 116 ·Hktik 54, f'kolsuk 62‚ ƒh\ iwoZ eq“;ea(h ukjk;. ¯lg jk.s o ck¥ Bkd`js ds` Hrhts jkt Bkd`js ds` f'kolsuk ls v¥x gks tkus ds` d`kj. f'kolsuk d`h lhVkÍ d`h la“;k eÍ Hkjh d`eh bl ckj vkbZ gS\ jkt Bkd`js d`h egkjkÆV_ uofuekZ. lsuk ·euls‚ d`ks 13 lhVkÍ ij fot; bl pquko eÍ izkIr gqbZ gS\ eqEcbZ eÍ lhVkÍ d`h la“;k ds` eke¥s eÍ mlus f'kolsuk d`ks ihNs NksÈM fn;k gS\ pquko eÍ mlds` bl fuÆiknu ds` p¥rs pquko vk;ksx us mls jkT; Lrjh; ikVhZ d`k ntkZ iznku d`j fn;k gS\ fo|ku lHk eÍ n¥xr fLƒfr 288 dq`¥ lhVÍ d`kaxzsl 82 jkd`kaik 62 Hkjrh; turk ikVhZ 46 f'kolsuk 44 vU; 54

pquko eÍ LiÆV cgqer gkfl¥ d`jus ok¥s d`kaxzsl-jkd`kaik xBca|u d`k gh ¥xkrkj rhljh ckj egkjkÆV_ eÍ ljd`kj cukuk r; gS\ fuorZeku eq“;ea(h v'kksd` pOgk. ·d`kaxzsl‚ o mieq“;ea(h Nxu Hqtc¥ gh vius bu inkÍ ds` f¥, nksckjk pqus x, gß\

>kj[≥M fo|ku lHk Hax # u, pquko uoEcj-fnlEcj 2009 eÍ 19 tuojh] 2009 ls fu¥fEcrΩ jgh >kj[≥M fo|ku lHk d`ks vUrr# 1 uoEcj] 2009 ls Hax d`j fn;k x;k gS\ >kj[≥M eqfDr ekspsZ ds` f'kcw lksjsu ds` 12 tuojh] 2009 d`ks eq“;ea(h in ls gVus ds` i'pkrΩ 19 tuojh] 2009 ls jkÆV_ifr 'kklu ds` v|hu p¥ jgs >kj[≥M eÍ fd`lh Hh jktuhfrd` n¥ vƒok xBca|u us ljd`kj cukus d`k nkok ugÓ fd`;k ƒk\ jkT;ik¥ ds`\ 'kad`jukjk;. }kjk d`h xbZ laLrqfr ds` vk|kj ij fo|ku lHk Hax d`j jkT; eÍ u, pquko d`jkus d`k œS`l¥k ds`Unzh; eaf(e≥M¥ d`h 22 vDVwcj] 2009 d`h cSBd` eÍ fd`;k x;k ƒk\ ds`Unz ljd`kj ds` bl œS`l¥s ds` vx¥s gh fnu pquko vk;ksx us jkT; eÍ u, fo|ku lHk pquko uoEcj-fnlEcj 2009 eÍ d`jkus d`h ?ks".k 23 vDVwcj d`ks d`j nh\ 81 lnL;h; fo|ku lHk ds` f¥, ;g pquko 25 uoEcj%18 fnlEcj] 2009 ds` nkSjku ik∑p pj.kÍ eÍ d`jk, tk,axs\ ig¥s pj. eÍ 3 0 lhVkÍ ds` f¥, ernku 25 uoEcj d`ks] nwljs pj. eÍ 15 lhVkÍ ds` f¥, 2 fnlEcj d`ks] rhljs pj. eÍ lkr lhVkÍ ds` f¥, 8 fnlEcj] pkSƒs pj. eÍ 14 lhVkÍ ds` f¥, 12 fnlEcj vkSj ik∑poÍ pj. eÍ 15 lhVkÍ ds` f¥, 18 fnlEcj d`ks ernku d`jk;k tk,xk\ ·ig¥s pj. d`k ernku 27 uoEcj d`ks d`jkus d`h ?ks".k pquko vk;ksx us ig¥s 23 vDVwcj d`ks d`h ƒh] fd`Urq bZnq¥tqgk ds` ig¥s ds` tqes ds` d`kj. bl frfƒ eÍ ifjorZu d`j ;g ernku 25 uoEcj d`ks d`jkus d`h ?ks".k ckn eÍ d`h xbZ gS‚ lHh ernku ds`UnzkÍ ij ernku b¥sDV_kWfud` oks¯Vx` e'khukÍ ds` tfj, gksxk\ jkT; eÍ ernkrkvkÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k ¥xHx 1·80 d`jksÈM gS\ ernku ds` f¥, dq`¥ 23,944 ernku ds`Unz cuk, tk,axs\ ik∑p pj.kÍ eÍ ernku d`jkus d`k ,d` d`kj. bl jkT; eÍ uDl¥okn d`h leL;k Hh gS\ vk;ksx us d`gk gS fd` fuÆi{k o fuHhZd` ernku ds` f¥, lqj{kk d`h O;kid` O;oLƒk d`h tk,xh\`

ftueÍ ls 225 fjiksVsÛ laln eÍ izLrqr d`h tk pqd`h gß\ bld`h flœ`kfj'kÍ ljd`kj ds` f¥, ck÷;d`kjh ugÓ gksrh\ 18oÍ fof| vk;ksx us vius d`k;Zd`k¥ eÍ dq`¥ 32 fjiksVsÛ izLrqr d`h gß\ mPpre U;k;k¥; d`h ,d` lafo|ku iapk;rkÍ eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`ks 50 izfr'kr ihB o pkj vU; ihBkÍ ds` xBu d`h vkj{k. nsus ds` izLrko d`ks eatwjh nsus ds` flœ`kfj'k bueÍ 'kkfe¥ gS\ i'pkrΩ ljd`kj us vc 'kgjh fud`k;kÍ eÍ Hh efg¥kvkÍ d`ks 50 izfr'kr vkj{k. iznku iapk;rh jkt ds` 50 o"Z iw.Z d`jus d`h fn'kk eÍ d`ne cÈ
Lƒkuh; fud`k;kÍ eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`ks `50 ^frær vkj”. gsrq fo|s;d` d`ks eaf(e≥M¥ d`h eatwjh

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/831

tk,xh\ ‘eksckb¥ d`ksVZ’ ds` Ôi eÍ d`k;Z d`jus ok¥s ;g U;k;k¥; fdz`feu¥ o flfo¥ nksukÍ gh rjg ds` eke¥kÍ d`ks fuiVk ldÍ`xs\

bafM;u vkWb¥ d`kWiksZjsæu d`k t;iqj fLƒr fMiks vkx ls uÆV # Hh". vfXud`k≥M us rckgh epkbZ bafM;u vkWb¥ d`kWiksZjsæu (IOC) d`k t;iqj fLƒr fMiks Hh". vfXud`k≥M d`k fæd`kj gksd`j iwjh rjg uÆV gks x;k gS\ fMiks eÍ xr 29 vDVwcj d`ks ¥xh vkx d`ks iwjs Hkjr eÍ lcls cÈMs vfXud`k≥M ds` Ôi eÍ ekuk tk jgk gS\ bl Hh". vfXud`k≥M us Tok¥keq[h tSlk n~'; t;iqj eÍ iSnk d`j fn;k ƒk\ bl vkx us u ds`o¥ iwjs ‘fiad` flVh’ d`ks |q,a ds` vEckj ls d`k¥k fd`;k] cfYd` blds` d`kj. mRlftZr d`kcZu MkbZvkWDlkbM o d`kcZu eksuks vkWDlkbM vkfn xSlkÍ us nwj-nwj rd` okrkoj. d`k iznwf"r fd`;k gS] ftlls tho-tUrq o d~`f" Hh izHkfor gq, gß\ izkjfEHd` vkd`¥u eÍ ikbi¥kbu ls xSl ¥hd` gksus d`ks bl vfXud`k≥M d`k d`kj. crk;k x;k gS\ lhrkiqj vkS»ksfxd` {ks( eÍ fLƒr bl fMiks

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eÍ rs¥ ds` dq`¥ 11 Vßd`j ƒs] ftueÍ ls ik∑p isV_ks¥ ds` o 3-3 Vßd`j Mht¥ o ds`jksflu ds` ƒs\ ;g lHh Vßd`j ,d`-,d` d`j vkx d`h pisV eÍ vk x,] ftlls bueÍ Hjk rs¥ t¥d`j d`k¥s |q,a eÍ cn¥ x;k\ nsæHj ls cq¥k, x, vfXuæeu foæs"KkÍ ,oa vkx cq>kus ds` vk|qfud` mid`j.kÍ ds` vR;f|d` rkieku eÍ vkx cq>kus ds` lHh iz;kl ukd`ke;kc jgs rƒk iwjk rs¥ t¥us ds` ckn Hh ;g vkx 1 uoEcj rd` iwjh rjg ækUr ugÓ gks ld`h ƒh\ vkx ls bafM;u vkWb¥ d`ks gqbZ {kfr ¥xHx 500 d`jksÈM :i, d`h vkd`f¥r d`h xbZ gS\ vklikl ds` {ks(kÍ eÍ m»ksxkÍ o vU; laLƒkukÍ eÍ gqbZ gkfu d`ks fe¥krs gq, bl vfXud`k≥M ls gqbZ dq`¥ gkfu ¥xHx ,d` gtkj d`jksÈM :i, izkjfEHd` vkd`¥u eÍ vkd`f¥r gS\ bl uqd`lku d`h HjikbZ d`k vlj vc chek d`Eifu;kÍ ij vk,xk] tks vius Lrj ij {kfr d`k vkd`¥u d`jus eÍ tqV xbZ gß\ vfXud`k≥M eÍ ejus ok¥kÍ d`h la“;k vkf|d`kfjd` rkSj ij vkB 31 vDVwcj rd` crkbZ xbZ ƒh] fd`Urq vU; viqÆV lw(kÍ us ;g la“;k d`e-ls-d`e 15 crkbZ gS\ lsuk d`h enn ls cpko ,oa jkgr d`k;Z ogk∑ æqÔ fd`;k x;k\

Hkjr eÍ e|qesg jksfx;kÍ d`h la“;k lokZf|d` # baVjusæu¥ Mk;fcVht œs`Mjsæu d`h fjiksVZ baVjusæu¥ Mk;fcVht œs`Mjsæu (IDF) d`h rktk fjiksVZ ds` vuqlkj fo'o eÍ e|qesg (Diabetes) jksfx;kÍ d`h lokZf|d` la“;k Hkjr eÍ gS\ vDVwcj 2009 eÍ ekWf≥V_;¥ ·d`ukMk‚ eÍ 20oÓ oYMZ Mk;fcVht d`kaxzsl eÍ œs`Mjsæu }kjk tkjh oYMZ Mk;fcVht ,V¥l eÍ Hkjr eÍ e|qesg jksfx;kÍ d`h la“;k 5·08 d`jksÈM crkbZ xbZ gS\ 4·32 d`jksÈM e|qesg jksfx;kÍ ds` lkƒ phu d`k nwljk rƒk 2·68 d`jksÈM jksfx;kÍ ds` lkƒ vejhd`k d`k bl eke¥s eÍ rhljk Lƒku bl ,V¥l eÍ crk;k x;k gS\ Hkjr d`ks fo'o d`h Mk;fcVht dS`fiV¥ crkrs gq, ,V¥l eÍ crk;k x;k gS fd` 2030 rd` Hkjr d`h 9·3 izfrær tula“;k Mk;fcVht ls ihfÈMr gksxh\ Mk;fcVht jksfx;kÍ eÍ 85–95 izfrær la“;k Vkbi-2 Mk;fcVht d`h crkbZ xbZ gS\ ,V¥l ds` vuqlkj 2007 eÍ fo'o eÍ 38 ¥k[ ekSrÍ Mk;fcVht ds` d`kj. gqbZ ƒÓ\

eƒqjk ds` fud`V ;k(h xkfÈM;kÍ d`h VDd`j Hkjrh; js¥os ds` f¥, ,d` vkSj d`k¥k fnu xr 21 vDVwcj d`ks jgk] tc m®j iznsæ eÍ eƒqjk ds` fud`V nks ;k(h xkfÈM;kÍ d`h Hh". VDd`j gks xbZ\ ;g nq?ZVuk ml le; gqbZ] tc mn;iqj ls futkeqˆhu tk ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/832

jgh esokÈM ,Dlizsl d`ks ihNs ls okLd`ksfMxkek ls futkeqˆhu tkus ok¥h xksok ,Dlizsl us VDd`j ekjh\ izkjfEHd` tkud`kjh ds ` vuqlkj mn;iqj-futkeqˆhu esokÈM ,Dlizsl eƒqjk ds` fud`V psu iqf¥ax ds` d`kj. V_Sd` ij [ÈMh ƒh rHh ihNs ls rhozxfr ls vk jgh xksok ,Dlizsl d`k batu esokÈM ,Dlizsl ds` ,l,¥vkj d`ksp ·¥xst ,≥M efg¥k d`ksp‚ d`ks rksÈMrk gqvk

ijek.q ˜tkZ ,tÍlh d`h fuxjkuh ds` rgrΩ ¥kus ds` f¥, la;a(kÍ d`h i~ƒDd`j. ;kstuk vf|lwfpr Hkjr ds` lkƒ vUrjkZÆV_h; vlSU; ijek.q lg;ksx ds` f¥, vUrjkZÆV_h; ijek.q ˜tkZ ,tsUlh (IAEA) us 14 ekg iwoZ] ftl bafM;k-Lisflfœ`d` U;wD¥h;j lsœ`xkMΩZl ,xzhesUV d`ks eatwjh 1 vxLr] 2008 d`ks nh ƒh] mlds` d`k;kZUo;u d`h fnæk eÍ ekxZ vDVwcj 2009 eÍ ml le; izæLr gks x;k] tc vius ijek.q la;a(kÍ ds` i~ƒDd`j. d`h ;kstuk d`ks Hkjr us vkf|d`kfjd` Ôi ls vf|lwfpr d`j fn;k\ iwoZ fu|kZfjr ;kstuk ds` vuqÔi Hkjr vius 22 ukfHd`h; fj,DVjkÍ eÍ ls 14 d`ks luΩ 2014 rd` vUrjkZÆV_h; ijek.q ˜tkZ ,tÍlh d`h fuxjkuh ds` v|hu ¥k,xk\ Hkjr us bl lEcU| eÍ viuh vkf|d`kfjd` vf|lwpuk 15 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks iz|kuea(h eueksgu flag d`h vejhd`k ;k(k ls ,d` ekg iwoZ fuxZr d`h gS\ iz|kuea(h eueksgu flag d`h vejhd`k d`h vkf|d`kfjd` ;k(k 23 uoEcj] 2009 ls æqÔ gksuh gS\ ijek.q la;a(kÍ ds` i~ƒDd`j. d`h ;kstuk vf|lwfpr gksus ls Hkjr o vejhd`k ds` chp ukfHd`h; {ks( eÍ lg;ksx d`h fnæk eÍ vkxs d`ne mBk, tk ldÍ`xs\ Hkjr ljd`kj us bl i~ƒDd`j. ;kstuk d`h ?ks".k ekpZ 2006 eÍ rRd`k¥hu vejhd`h jkÆV_ifr tkWtZ cqæ d`h Hkjr ;k(k ds` nkSjku d`h ƒh\

nl œq`V rd` vUnj tk |∑lk\ esokÈM ,Dlizsl ds` xkMZ ,l\ ds`\ iqjh lfgr d`els-d`e 22 ;kf(;kÍ d`h bl nq?ZVuk eÍ e~R;q gks xbZ\ xksok ,Dlizsl ds` nksukÍ pk¥d` bl nq?ZVuk eÍ ck¥-ck¥ cps\ ¥kijokgh ds` vkjksi eÍ bUgÍ fu¥fEcr fd`;k x;k gS\ bl nq?ZVuk eÍ ekjs x, lHh ;kf(;kÍ >kj[≥M ds` iwoZ eq“;ea(h e|q ds` ifjokjkÍ d`ks 5-5 ¥k[ :i, d`h varfje jkgr d`h ?ks".k js¥ ea(h eerk cuthZ us d`ksÈMk ds` fo:`* euh ¥kmafM_ax d`h gS\ xEHhj ?k;¥kÍ ds` f¥, 1-1 ¥k[ ,DV ds` rgrΩ eke¥k ntZ :i, o ekew¥h ?k;¥kÍ ds` f¥, 10-10 gtkj :i, d`h eqvkotk jkfæ d`h ?ks".k >kj[≥M ds` iwoZ eq“;ea(h e|q d`ksÈMk mUgkÍus d`h gS\ voS| Ôi ls gtkjkÍ d`jksÈM :i, ,d`( d`jus o ml jkfæ ds` ckÈ<xzLr vkU|z iznsæ o d`ukZVd` voS | bLrs e k¥ ds ` eke¥s eÍ œ∑`l x, gß\ d`ks 1000-1000 d`jksÈM :`i, d`h ^orZu funsæk¥; us jkgr jkfæ d`h iz|kuea(h muds` fo:* euh d`h ?ks".k ¥kma¯M_x fujks| vf|nsæ eÍ ,d` vksj tgk∑ vusd` {ks( bl fu;e (PMLA) ds` e|q d`ksÈMk o"Z lw[s d`h pisV eÍ jgs gß] ogÓ nf{k. rgrΩ eke¥k vDVwcj Hkjr eÍ d`ukZVd`] vkU|z iznsæ eÍ Hkjh o"kZ 2009 eÍ ntZ fd`;k gS\ d`ksÈMk ij d`fƒr o d~`Æ.k unh eÍ vkbZ ckÈ< us Hh". rckgh rkSj ij jkT; ds` |u d`ks d`gÓ vkSj ¥s tkus vDVwcj 2009 eÍ epkbZ gS\ bu jkT;kÍ eÍ vkSj fonsæ eÍ Hkjh Hjd`e fuosæ d`jus d`k d`bZ ck∑|kÍ ds` ¥ck¥c Hjus ds` i'pkrΩ ckÈ< vkjksi gS\ >kj[≥M ds` iwoZ eq“;ea(h e|q us rVca| rksÈMd`j ¥k[kÍ ,d`ÈM Hwfe ij d`ksÈMk ds` vfrfjDr muds` rhu rRd`k¥hu œ`l¥kÍ d`ks cckZn d`jus ds` lkƒ-lkƒ tu efU(;kÍ vkSj ik∑p vU; ds` fo:* Hh euh thou d`ks Hh vLr-O;Lr fd`;k gS\ Hh". ¥kmafM_ax] ljd`kjh |u ds` nq:i;ksx vkSj ckÈ< ls ^Hkfor vkU|z ^nsæ o d`ukZVd` fonsækÍ eÍ Hkjh fuosæ d`k ;g eke¥k ntZ d`k gokbZ losZ”. ^|kuea(h eueksgu ¯lg fd`;k x;k gS\ izorZu funsæk¥; us jkaph d`h us ∂`eæ# 9 o 10 vDVwcj d`ks fd`;k\ nksukÍ vnk¥r eÍ bu vfH;qDrkÍ ds` fo:* fizoÍæu gh jkT;kÍ d`ks ckÈ< jkgr gsrq 1000–1000 vkWœ` euh ¥kmafM_ax ,DV ds` rgrΩ ,uœ`kslZ – d`jksÈM :i, d`h ds`Unzh; lgk;rk d`h eÍV ds`l buœ`kWesZæu fjiksVZ (ECIR) nkf[¥ ?ks".k mUgkÍus d`h gS\ d`h gS] tks izkƒfed`h ds` cjkcj ekuh tkrh gS\

KkrO; gS fd` e|q d`ksÈMk flrEcj 2006 ls vxLr 2008 ds` chp >kj[≥M ds` eq“;ea(h jgs gß\ og fd`lh Hh jkT; ds` ,sls ig¥s iwoZ eq“;ea(h gß] ftu ij ih,e,¥, ds` rgrΩ eke¥k ntZ fd`;k x;k gS\

Hkjr us Lo;a d`ks cMZ Œ¥w ls eqDr ?ksf"r fd`;k foxr eghukÍ eÍ cMZ Œ¥w ok;jl ( H5 N1) d`k d`ksbZ u;k eke¥k lkeus u vkus ds` d`kj. Hkjr us Lo;a d`ks bl ok;jl ls eqDr ?ksf"r d`j fn;k gS\ bl vkæ; d`h vkSipkfjd` vf|lwpuk oYMZ vkWxsZukbtsæu œ`kWj ,uhe¥ gSYƒ d`ks 22 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks izsf"r d`j nh xbZ gS\ bl vkSipkfjd` vf|lwpuk ls nsæ d`k iksYV_h d`kjksckj iquthZfor gks lds`xk\ fd`lh nsæ }kjk cMZ Œ¥w eqDr ?ksf"r fd`, tkus ds` f¥, vko';d` gS fd` fiN¥s rhu eghus eÍ bld`k d`ksbZ u;k eke¥k u vk;k gks\ Hkjr eÍ fiN¥h ckj cMZ Œ¥w d`k izd`ksi uoEcj 2008–ebZ 2009 ds` nkSjku gqvk ƒk] tc vle eÍ 18 LƒkukÍ ij] i\ caxk¥ eÍ 11 LƒkukÍ ij o flfDd`e eÍ 1 Lƒku ij ;g ik;k x;k ƒk\ bld`k vfUre eke¥k i\ caxk¥ eÍ m®j fnuktiqj ft¥s eÍ 27 ebZ] 2009 d`ks ntZ fd`;k x;k ƒk\

ekvksokfn;kÍ us jkt÷kkuh ,Dl^sl d`ks ca÷kd` cuk;k 27 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks i\ caxk¥ ds` fenukiqj ft¥s eÍ ckalr¥k ds` fud`V ekvksokfn;kÍ d`h ihiqYl d`esVh vxÍLV iqf¥l ,V_ksflVht (PCPA) ls lEc* uDlf¥;kÍ us Hqous'oj-ubZ fnY¥h jkt|kuh ,Dlizsl d`ks :d`ok d`j mlds` pk¥d` o lgpk¥d` d`ks vius d`Cts eÍ ¥s f¥;k rƒk js¥xkÈMh o mlds` ;kf(;kÍ d`ks cU|d` cuk f¥;k\ bud`h ek∑x vius usrk N(|j egrks d`h fjgkbZ d`h ƒh\ ·N(|j egrks ¥k¥xÈ< vkanks¥u ds` vxqok jgs Fks\ mUgÍ flrEcj 2009 eÍ fxjŒrkj fd`;k x;k Fkk\‚ js¥ea(h eerk cuthZ d`ks ?VukLƒ¥ ij cq¥kus d`h ek∑x Hh bUgkÍus d`h\ bud`h ek∑xkÍ d`ks Lohd`kj ugÓ fd`;k x;k\ ckn eÍ lqj{kk c¥kÍ ds` igq∑pus ij js¥xkÈMh ds` pk¥d` o lgpk¥d` d`h fjgkbZ gks ld`h rƒk 5 ?≥Vs rd` uDlf¥;kÍ ds` d`Cts eÍ jgh js¥xkÈMh lHh ;kf(;kÍ ds` lkƒ ubZ fnY¥h ds` f¥, jokuk gks ld`h\

laf{kIrd`h vfXu'keu lsokvkÍ ds` lqn~È
Hkjrh;kÍ ds` fu;U(.k|hu iksr d`k lksekf¥;kbZ leqnzh ¥qVsjkÍ }kjk vigj. lksekf¥;k ds` leqnzh ¥qVsjkÍ us Hkjrh; pk¥d` n¥ ds` fu;U(.k|hu ,d` leqnzh iksr d`k xr vDVwcj ekg eÍ lsæYl ds` lehi vigj. d`j f¥;k\ iukek ds` ,e\ ch\ ‘v¥ [kf¥d`’ uke ds` bl iksr ds` 26 lnL;h; pk¥d` n¥ eÍ 24 Hkjrh; gß\ bu lHh d`ks cU|d` cuk f¥;k x;k gS\ ●●●

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/833

Hkjrh; ukSlsuk us m®j d`ksfj;k d`k iksr ,d` ckj iqu# jksd`k

fo'o eÍ ig¥h ckj ek¥nho us lEiUu d`h leqnz ds` Hhrj dS`fcusV d`h cSBd` X¥ksc¥ okfeÛx ds` ifj.keLoÔi leqnz eÍ tk lekus d`h fpUrk ls xzflr ek¥nho us viuh bl fpUrk ds` ^fr fo'o leqnk; d`k ÷;ku vkd`f"Zr d`jus ds` f¥, dS`fcusV d`h cSBd` leqnz ds` Hhrj lEiUu d`h\ jkt|kuh ek¥s ls 35 ukWfVd`¥ eh¥ nwj leqnz r¥ ls 6 ehVj uhps r¥gVh eÍ 17 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks lEiUu bl cSBd` eÍ ‘ekLd`’ ¥xkd`j eaf(;kÍ us Hkx f¥;k\ leqnz ds` Hhrj ;g fo'o eÍ ig¥h gh eaf(eaM¥h; cSBd` ƒh\ jkÆV_ifr eksgEen ukæhn d`h v÷;”rk eÍ 25 feuV rd` p¥h bl cSBd` eÍ X¥ksc¥ okfeÛx ds` [rjkÍ ls vkxkg d`jrs gq, ^Lrko Lohd`kj fd`;k x;k ftleÍ X¥ksc¥ okfeÛx ls lqj”k ds` f¥, d`gk\ fnlEcj 2009 eÍ gksus ok¥s d`ksisu gsxu lEes¥u eÍ ^Hkoh d`ne mBkus d`k vkÿku fd`;k x;k gS\ bleÍ d`gk x;k gS fd` vkt tks [rjk ek¥nho ds` le” fo»eku gS] og d`¥ vU; nsækÍ ds` le” Hh mRiUu gks ld`rk gS\ KkrO; gS fd` ek¥nho leqnz ds` fd`ukjs lcls fup¥s Lrj ij clk nsæ gS\ ¥xHx rhu lkS oxZ fd`eh ”s( eÍ œS`¥s 1000 ls vf|d` NksVs-NksVs }hikÍ ok¥s bl nsæ ds` 90 ^frær }hi leqnz r¥ ls ds`o¥ ,d` ehVj ˜∑pkbZ ij fLƒr gß\ leqnz r¥ cÈ<us ij ;g lHh }hi t¥ eÍ lek tk,axs\

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/834

Hkjrh; ukSlsuk o rVj”d` c¥ us vDVwcj 2009 ds` ^ƒe lIrkg eÍ m®j d`ksfj;k ds` ,d` leqnzh tgkt d`ks Hkjrh; t¥ lhek eÍ jksd` f¥;k\ `Ìkax jks (Hyang Ro) uke d`k ;g iksr d`ks¥Ecks ls ikfd`Lrku eÍ d`jkph ds` fud`V fcu d`kfle canjxkg tk jgk ƒk rƒk Hkjrh; t¥ lhek eÍ ds`j¥ eÍ d`ks>hd`ksM ft¥s eÍ onkd`jk rV ds` fud`V fcuk vuqefr ds` ¥axj Mk¥s gq, ƒk\ m®j d`ksfj;k d`h flugqax fæ¯ix d`Eiuh ds` bl tgkt ij pk¥d` n¥ ds` 44 O;fDr lokj ƒs\ iwNrkN eÍ pk¥d` n¥ us Hkjrh; t¥ lhek eÍ :d`us d`k d`kj. blds` Vßd` eÍ vkUrfjd` fjlko crk;k ƒk\ xgu tk∑p eÍ tgkt ij d`ksbZ vkif®tud` oLrq u fe¥us ij tk∑p n¥ us pk¥d` n¥ ds` bl nkos d`ks lgh d`jkj fn;k\ ftlds` i'pkrΩ bl iksr d`ks eqDr d`j vkxs tkus d`h vuqefr ^nku d`h xbZ\ Hkjr us blls iwoZ m®j d`ksfj;k ds` ,d` vU; iksr d`ks vxLr 2009 eÍ Hh iwNrkN ,oa tk∑p ds` f¥, jksd`k ƒk\ ,eoh ew lku (MV Mu San) uke ds` bl iksr us caxk¥ d`h [kÈMh eÍ v≥Meku fud`ksckj }hi lewg ds` ,d` }hi ds` fud`V ¥axj Mk¥ fn;k ƒk\ ikfd`Lrku tk jgs bl iksr eÍ Hh d`ksbZ vkif®tud` oLrq ugÓ ikbZ xbZ ƒh\ Hkjr us blls iwoZ ,d` ,sls m®j d`ksfj;kbZ iksr d`ks Hh id`ÈMk ƒk] tks felkb¥kÍ ds` iqtsZ ikfd`Lrku ¥s tk jgk ƒk\

fczVsu eÍ Hh vfLrRo eÍ vk;k loksZPp U;k;k¥;

d`kcq¥ eÍ Hkjrh; nwrkokl ds` ckgj ,d` ckj iqu# vkrad`h ge¥k # la;qDr jkÆV_ xSLV gkml Hh ,d` vU; ge¥s d`k fæd`kj

fczVsu ds` U;kf;d` bfrgkl eÍ ,d` u;k eh¥ d`k iRƒj vDVwcj 2009 eÍ ml le; j[k x;k] tc nsæ eÍ ,d` loksZPp U;k;k¥; (Supreme Court) vkS i pkfjd` Ôi ls d`k;Zæh¥ gks x;k\ ¥anu eÍ laln ds` HoukÍ ds` fud`V gh Lƒkfir loksZPp U;k;k¥; us ‘gkml vkWœ` ¥kWMΩlZ’ ds` U;k;kf;d` d`k;ksÛ d`ks 1 vDVwcj] 2009 ls xzg. d`j f¥;k gS\ lq^he d`ksVZ eÍ eke¥kÍ d`h lquokbZ ;»fi 5 ``vDVwcj] 2009 ls æqÔ gks xbZ ƒh\ bld`k vkSipkfjd` mnΩ?kVu fczVsu d`h egkjkuh us 16 vDVwcj d`ks ^|kuea(h xkWMZu czkmu d`h mifLƒfr eÍ fd`;k\ Hkjr lfgr fo'oHj ds` ofjÆB U;k;k|hæ bl volj ij mifLƒr ƒs\ fczVsu ds` loksZPp U;k;k|hæ ¥kWMZ fœ`f¥Il us bl volj d`ks ,sfrgkfld` crk;k\

7 tq¥kbZ] 2008 ds` vkrad`h ge¥s ds` i'pkrΩ vœ`xkfuLrku d`h jkt|kuh d`kcq¥ eÍ Hkjrh; nwrkokl ,d` ckj iqu# vkrad`h ge¥s d`k fæd`kj xr vDVwcj ekg eÍ gqvk gS\ nwrkokl ds` fud`V 8 vDVwcj] 2009 ds` bl rkf¥ckuh vkRe?krh ge¥s eÍ 17 ¥ksx ekjs x, vkSj ¥xHx 90 vU; ?k;¥ gks x,\ rktk vkRe?krh ge¥s eÍ lHh Hkjrh; lqjf”r jgs crk, x, gß\ vœ`xkuh vf|d`kfj;kÍ d s ` vuq l kj foLœ`ksV eÍ ,d` iqf¥l vf|d`kjh vkSj 16 vœ`xkuh ukxfjd` ekjs x,\ e~rd`kÍ eÍ vf|d`kaæ og ¥ksx ƒs] tks Hkjr d`k ohtk ¥sus ds` f¥, nwrkokl vk, ƒs\ m|j] rkf¥cku us ,d` osclkbV

ij c;ku tkjh d`j nkok fd`;k fd` ;g ge¥k Hkjrh; nwrkokl d`ks fuækuk cukd`j fd`;k x;k\ vkrad`oknh laxBu us nkok fd`;k ƒk fd` foLœ`ksV eÍ Hkjrh; nwrkokl ds` dq`N ofjÆB vf|d`kjh ekjs x,\ Hkjrh; nwrkokl ds` ckgj 8 vDVwcj] 2009 ds` mi;qZDr ge¥s ds` ,d` ekg ds` Hhrj] 28``vDVwcj d`ks d`kcq¥ eÍ ,d` xSLV gkml ij ge¥k Hh vkrafd`;kÍ us fd`;k\ bl xSLV gkml eÍ la;qDr jkÆV_ la? ds` vf|d`kjh o d`eZpkjh jg jgs ƒs\ rkf¥ckukÍ ds` bl ge¥s eÍ d`e-ls-d`e 12 ¥ksxkÍ d`h e~R;q d`h ckr ehfM;k fjiksVksÛ eÍ d`gh xbZ gS\

jkÆV_h; fnol ij phu eÍ HO; vk;kstu ihiqYl fjifC¥d` vkWœ` pkbuk d`h Lƒkiuk ds` 60 o"Z xr 1 vDVwcj d`ks iwjs gq, gß\ bl mi¥{; eÍ HO; lSU; ^næZu jkt|kuh ch¯tx eÍ ,sfrgkfld` F;su vku eu LDok;j (Tian’-an-men Square) ij fd`;k x;k\ 1 vDVwcj d`ks phu eÍ jkÆV_h; fnol ds` Ôi eÍ euk;k tkrk gS\ phu us bl mi¥{; eÍ vk;ksftr foæk¥ ijsM eÍ vius uohure Lonsæh ^”sikL(kÍ] mixzgkÍ o vU; æL( ^.kf¥;kÍ d`k ^næZu fd`;k\ d`ÈMh lqj”k O;oLƒk ds` chp fo'o d`h lcls cÈMh lsuk ‘ihiqYl f¥cjsæu vkehZ vkWœ` pkbuk’ ds` gtkjkÍ lSfud`kÍ us bl ijsM eÍ ekpZ fd`;k\ 10 o"Z ds` vUrjk¥ ij gksus ok¥s bl vkSipkfjd` vk;kstu eÍ if'peh

^ek. gS fd` lektokn gh phu d`ks cpk ld`rk gS\ mUgkÍus d`gk fd` lektoknh phu vkt vk|qfud`hd`j. ds` ekxZ ij ^æLr gS\ F;su vku eu LDok;j ij bl eq“; vk;kstu ds` vfrfjDr d`bZ vU; vk;kstu Hh jkt|kuh ch¯tx eÍ jkÆV_h; fnol ij vk;ksftr fd`, x,\

ikfd`Lrku eÍ isækoj eÍ d`kj ce foLœ`ksV ls ¥ksxkÍ d`h e~R;q ckÔn ds` <sj ij cSBs ikfd`Lrku eÍ vkrad`h okjnkrkÍ d`k fl¥fl¥k ƒe ugÓ jgk gS\ ƒksÈMs-ƒksÈMs fnukÍ ds` vUrjk¥ ij d`gÓ-u-d`gÓ gks jgs vkrad`h foLœ`ksVkÍ us ogk∑ thou d`ks vlqjf”r cuk fn;k gS\ vDVwcj 2009 ds` vfUre lIrkg eÍ ,d` cÈMk vkrad`h foLœ`ksV ogk∑ isækoj eÍ fd`;k x;k\ foLœ`ksVd`kÍ ls ¥nh d`kj ds` tfj, 28 vDVwcj d`ks ;g foLœ`ksV ,d` ?us cls b¥kds` eÍ ,sls le; fd`;k x;k tc dq`N gh ?≥Vs iwoZ vejhd`h fonsæ ea(h fg¥sjh ¯D¥Vu bL¥kekckn igq∑ph ƒÓ\ bl foLœ`ksV eÍ d`e-ls-d`e lkS ¥ksxkÍ d`h ekSr d`h ckr ehfM;k fjiksVksÛ eÍ crkbZ xbZ gS\ nks lkS ls vf|d` vU; ¥ksx bleÍ ?k;¥ gq, gß\ ?uh cLrh eÍ fd`, x, bl foLœ`ksV ls d`bZ vkoklh; bekjrÍ
jkÆV_h; fnol ij ch¯tx eÍ HO; lSU; ijsM

iksækd` ds` Lƒku ij ekvks d`h osæHw"k eÍ t¥ok;q ifjorZu lEcU|h phu ds` jkÆV_ifr gw ¯trkvks us lSU; ijsM uhfr;kÍ ds` eke¥s eÍ ,d`tqVrk o bleÍ ækfe¥ æL(kÍ d`k fujh”. fd`;k\ gsrq Hkjr-phu le>kSrk bl volj ij vius lEcks|u eÍ jkÆV_ifr gw ¯trkvks us d`gk fd` gj ^d`kj d`h t¥ok;q ifjorZu ds` [rjkÍ o blds` d`fBukb;kÍ vkSj foœ`¥rkvkÍ ij fot; phu us ^kIr d`h gS rƒk foxr 60 o"ksÛ eÍ lEcU| eÍ oSf'od` uhfr;kÍ ds` eke¥s eÍ uophu d`k fod`kl vkSj ^xfr bl ckr d`k ,d`tqV gksd`j la?"Z d`jus ds` f¥, Hkjr o ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/835

phu us ,d` le>kSrs ij gLrk”j ubZ fnY¥h eÍ xr 21 vDVwcj d`ks fd`, gß\ bl lEcU| eÍ lk>k O;wg jpuk ds` f¥, ,d` la;qDr d`k;Zn¥ (Joint Working Group) d`k xBu Hh nksukÍ nsækÍ }kjk bl le>kSrs ds` rgrΩ fd`;k tk,xk\ d`k;Zn¥ d`h cSBd` nksukÍ nsækÍ eÍ ckjh-ckjh ls gksxh\ t¥ok;q ifjorZu ij la;qDr jkÆV_ `≠s`eodZ` d`UoÍæu

ubZ fnY¥h eÍ i;kZoj. ,oa ou jkT; ea(h t;jke jesæ vkSj phu ds` jkÆV_h; fod`kl ,oa lq|kj vk;ksx ds` miea(h æh >sUgqvk t¥ok;q ls tqÈMs le>kSrk i( ij gLrk”j d`jrs gq, fnlEcj 2009 eÍ d`ksisugsxu ·MsUekdZ`‚ eÍ

gksuh gS\ bl d`UoÍæu ls iwoZ gh fo'o d`h lokZf|d` tula“;k ok¥s nksukÍ nsæ bl eke¥s eÍ ,d`tqV gks x, gß\ ik∑p o"Z d`h vof| ds` f¥, bl le>kSrs ij Hkjr d`h vksj ls i;kZoj. ,oa ou jkT; ea(h t;jke jesæ us o phu d`h vksj ls ogk∑ ds` jkÆV_h; fod`kl ,oa lq|kj vk;ksx ds` mik÷;” o ea(h æh >sUgqvk (Xie Zhenhua) us gLrk”j fd`, gß\

ukbthfj;k] czkth¥] cksfLu;k] ¥scuku o xScksu lqj”k ifj"nΩ ds` u, vLƒk;h lnL; ukbthfj;k] czkth¥] cksfLu;k] ¥scuku o xScksu la;qDr jkÆV_ lqj”k ifj"nΩ ds` ik∑p u, vLƒk;h lnL; gkÍxs\ ifj"nΩ d`h nks o"Z d`h vLƒk;h lnL;rk ds` f¥, loZlEefr ls bud`k pquko 15 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks la;qDr jkÆV_ egklHk ds` 64oÍ l( eÍ fd`;k x;k gS\ lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`h bud`h nks o"Z d`h vLƒk;h lnL;rk 1 tuojh] 2010 ls ^Hkoh gksxh rƒk 31 fnlEcj] 2011 rd` ;s ifj"nΩ ds` lnL; jgÍxs\ lqj”k ifj"nΩ eÍ ;g nsæ cqfdZ`uk œ`klks] d`ksLVkfjd`k] ∂`ks,fæ;k] ¥hfc;k o fo;ruke d`k Lƒku ¥Íxs] ftud`h nks o"hZ; lnL;rk 31 fnlEcj] 2009 d`ks lekIr gksxh\ 1 tuojh] 2010 ls ukbthfj;k] czkth¥] cksfLu;k] ¥scuku o xScksu ds` vfrfjDr lqj”k ifj"nΩ ds` ik∑p vU; vLƒk;h lnL; vkWfLV_;k] esfDld`ks] tkiku] Vd`hZ o ;qxkaMk gß] ftud`h nks o"Z d`h lnL;rk 1 tuojh] 2009 ls æqÔ gqbZ ƒh rƒk ;g ik∑pkÍ nsæ 31 fnlEcj] 2010 rd` lqj”k ifj"nΩ ds` lnL; jgÍxs\ la;qDr jkÆV_ la? d`h 15 lnL;h; lqj”k ifj"nΩ eÍ ik∑p nsæ%vejhd`k] Ôl] ≠`kal] fczVsu o phu Lƒk;h lnL; gß\

vtsZUVhuk d`h jkÆV_ifr f∂`LVhuk œ`ukÛMks fM fd`pZuj d`h Hkjr ;k(k vius nsæ ds` mPpLrjh; fæÆVe≥M¥ ds` lkƒ vtsZUVhuk d`h jkÆV_ifr f∂`LVhuk œ`ukÛMks fM fd`pZuj (Cristina Fernando de Kirchner) us vDVwcj 2009 eÍ Hkjr d`h ;k(k d`h\ 14 vDVwcj d`ks jkÆV_ifr Hou eÍ vkSipkfjd` Lokxr ds` i'pkrΩ Hkjrh; ^|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg o ;wih, v÷;” lksfu;k xka|h lfgr ^eq[ us r kvkÍ ds ` lkƒ mud`h okrkZ , a gq b Û \ ^|kuea(h eueksgu ¯lg ds` lkƒ f}i”h; okrkZ ds` mijkUr Hkjr o vtsZUVhuk ds` chp

ds` f¥, le>kSrk bueÍ ækfe¥ gS\ la;qDr jkT; vejhd`k] œz`kal] Ôl] d`tk[Lrku] ukehfc;k o eaxksf¥;k ds` ckn vtsZUVhuk ,slk lkrok∑ nsæ gS ftlds` lkƒ ukfHd`h; lg;ksx le>kSrk Hkjr us fd`;k gS\ ftu vU; le>kSrkÍ ij gLrk”j bl volj ij fd`, x, mueÍ fctusl ohÈtk] foKku vkSj ^kS»ksfxd`h ”s( eÍ lg;ksx rƒk vkmVj Lisl ds` mi;ksx ls lEcfU|r le>kSrs ækfe¥ gß\ buds` vfrfjDr gkbM_ksd`kcZUl] [s¥] O;kikj ,oa HwxHhZ; vuqla|ku eÍ lg;ksx ds` f¥, Hh lgefr i(kÍ ij gLrk”j nksukÍ nsækÍ us fd`,\ f}i”h; okrkZ ds` i'pkrΩ tkjh la;qDr ?ks".k i( eÍ nksukÍ i”kÍ us fofHUu vkfƒZd`] lkekftd`] jktuhfrd` ”s(kÍ eÍ ikjLifjd` okrkZ ,oa lg;ksx d`ks tkjh j[rs gq, bls lkefjd` lk>snkjh ds` Lrj ij ¥s tkus d`h vkd`ka”k O;Dr d`h gS\ o"Z 2012 rd` nksukÍ nsækÍ ds` chp 3 vjc MkW¥j ds` f}i”h; O;kikj d`k ¥{; Hh fu|kZfjr fd`;k x;k gS\

jkÆV_ifr ^frHk ikfV¥ d`h fczVsu o lkb^l ;k(k Hkjr ds` mPpLrjh; fæÆVe≥M¥ ds` lkƒ Hkjr d`h jkÆV_ifr ^frHk ikfV¥ us vDVwcj ds` vfUre lIrkg eÍ fczVsu o lkb^l d`h ;k(k d`h\ fczVsu d`h mud`h bl ;k(k d`k eq“; mˆs'; luΩ 2010 eÍ ubZ fnY¥h eÍ gksus ok¥s 19oÍ jkÆV_e≥M¥ [s¥kÍ d`h DoÓl csVu egkjkuh ,f¥tkcsƒ f}rh; ls ^kIr d`juk rƒk mu [s¥kÍ ds` f¥, vkSipkfjd` fuea(. nsuk ƒk\ 1990 ds` ckn fd`lh Hkjrh; jkÆV_ifr d`h fczVsu d`h ;g ig¥h ;k(k ƒh\

jkÆV_ifr ^frHk ikfV¥ o muds` ifr nsoh¯lg d`k ¥anu eÍ ¯oMlj dS`ls¥ eÍ egkjkuh ,f¥tkcsƒ f}rh; o MΩ;wd` vkWœ` ,fMucxZ }kjk Lokxr

nks nsækÍ d`h viuh bl ;k(k ds` ig¥s pj. eÍ jkÆV_ i fr ^frHk ikfV¥ 26 ubZ fnY¥h ds` gSnjkckn gkml eÍ vtsZUVhuk d`h vDVwcj d`ks ¥anu igq∑ph ƒÓ tgk∑ ¯oMlj jkÆV_ifr f∂`LVhuk œ`ukÛMks fM fd`pZuj d`k dS`ls¥ eÍ mud`k vkSipkfjd` Lokxr egkjkuh Lokxr d`jrs ^|kuea(h eueksgu ¯lg ,f¥tkcsƒ–II o muds` ifr MΩ;wd` vkWœ` 10 fofHUu le>kSrkÍ ij gLrk”j gSnjkckn ,fMucxZ ¯^l fœ`f¥i us fd`;k\ 27 vDVwcj] gkml eÍ fd`, x,\ ækfUriw.Z mˆs';kÍ ds` 2009 d`ks muds` lEeku eÍ egkjkuh }kjk f¥, ukfHd`h; ”s( eÍ ikjLifjd` lg;ksx vk;ksftr Hkst ds` volj ij jkÆV_ifr us ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/836

nksukÍ nsækÍ ds` lEcU|kÍ d`h ^xkÈ
egkjkuh ,f¥tkcsƒ–II }kjk jkÆV_e≥M¥ [s¥kÍ d`h DoÓl csVu jkÆV_ifr ^frHk ikfV¥ d`ks lkßis tkus ds` ckn csVu ;k(k d`k æqHkjEH 29 vDVwcj d`ks c¯d`?e iS¥sl eÍ vk;ksftr jaxkjax lekjksg eÍ fczVsu d`h egkjkuh ,f¥tkcsƒ f}rh;] tks jkÆV_e≥M¥ d`h ^eq[ Hh gß] us jkÆV_e≥M¥ [s¥kÍ d`h eæk¥ (Baton) jkÆV_ifr ^frHk ikfV¥ d`ks lkßih ftls mUgkÍus vkxs Hkjrh; [s¥ ea(h ,e\ ,l\ fx¥ d`ks lkßi nh\ fx¥ us ;g csVu Hkjrh; vks¥fEid` la? (IOA) ds` v÷;” lqjsæ d`¥ekÈMh] tks ubZ fnY¥h eÍ gksus ok¥s 19 oÍ jkÆV_e≥M¥ [s¥kÍ d`h vk;kstu lfefr ds` v÷;” gß] d`ks lkßi fn;k\ d`¥ekÈMh us ;g eæk¥ vks¥fEid` Lo.Z ind` fotsrk vfHuo fcUnzk d`ks ƒek nh ftlds` lkƒ 19 oÍ jkÆV_e≥M¥ [s¥kÍ d`h eæk¥ d`k lœ`j æqÔ gks x;k\ vfHuo fcUnzk ds` vfrfjDr 10 vU; Hkjrh; f[¥kÈMh] ftueÍ ch¯tx vks¥fEid` ds` d`kaL; ind` fotsrk ig¥oku lqæh¥ dq`ekj vkSj eqDds`ckt fotsUnz ¯lg] 1958 jkÆV_e≥M¥ [s¥kÍ ds` Lo.Z fotsrk] mÈMufl[ feY[k ¯lg vkSj vks¥fEi;u xqjcpu ¯lg ja|kok] 1980 ds vk¥ bax¥S≥M egkjkuh ,ft¥kcsƒ f}rh; ls jkÆV_e≥M¥ [s¥kÍ cSM¯eVu pSfEi;u ^d`kæ iknqd`ks.] 1983 d`h d`h csVu xzg. d`jrÓ jkÆV_ifr ^frHk ikfV¥ fo'o d`i fotsrk f∂`ds`V Vhe ds` d`Irku d`fi¥ nso] 2000 flMuh vks¥fEid` d`h d`kaL; ind` fotsrk Hkjks®ks¥d` d`.Ze eY¥s'ojh] Vsful LVkj lkfu;k fetkZ] iwoZ jkÆV_h; LDoSæ pSfEi;u feæk xzsok¥ vkSj gkWd`h f[¥kÈMh fn¥hi fVd`hZ ækfe¥ ƒs] lHh ckjh-ckjh ls ;g eæk¥ ¥sd`j foDVksfj;k eseksfj;¥ rd` nkSÈMs\ 70 fofHUu nsækÍ eÍ tehu] gok o leqnz eÍ dq`¥ 1,70,000 fd`eh d`h ;k(k ds` i'pkrΩ ;g csVu fj¥s 25 twu] 2010 d`ks ck?k lhek ds` tfj, Hkjr eÍ ^osæ d`jsxh\ Hkjr eÍ fofHUu HkxkÍ eÍ 100 fnu rd` 20,000 fd`eh Hze. ds` i'pkrΩ vR;k|qfud` lÍllZ o ekWfuVlZ ls ;qDr ;g csVu 1 vDVwcj d`ks jkt|kuh fnY¥h o 3 vDVwcj] 2010 d`ks tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ LVsfM;e igq∑psxh] tgk∑ mlh fnu jkÆV_e≥M¥ [s¥kÍ d`k mnΩ?kVu gksuk gS\

vDVwcj] 2009 ds` Hkjr vkfl;ku fæ[j lEes¥u o 25 vDVwcj ds` iwohZ ,fæ;k fæ[j lEes¥u eÍ Hkx ¥sus ds` f¥, Hkjrh; ^|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg 23 vDVwcj d`ks ubZ fnY¥h ls jokuk gq, ƒs\ 24 vDVwcj d`ks ‘vkfl;ku’ ds` lkƒ Hkjr d`h lkroÓ fæ[j cSBd` d`ks lEcksf|r d`jrs gq, ^|kuea(h eueksgu ¯lg us nksukÍ i”kÍ ds` chp fuosæ ,oa lsokvkÍ ds` LorU( O;kikj ds` le>kSrs (India-ASEAN free trade/Agreement in Services and Investment) d`h fnæk eÍ d`k;Zokgh rst

d`jus d`k vkÿku fd`;k\ ·oLrqvkÍ ds` LorU( O;kikj le>kSrs ij nksukÍ i”kÍ us gLrk”j vxLr 2009 eÍ fd`, ƒs\‚ fuosæ ,oa lsokvkÍ ds` O;kikj lEcU|h le>kSrs d`ks Hkjr-vkfl;ku ”s(h; O;kikj ,oa fuosæ ”s( (India–ASEAN Regional Trade and Investment Area) d`h Lƒkiuk d`h fnæk eÍ ,d` egRoiw.Z d`ne mUgkÍus crk;k\ ‘vkfl;ku’ d`h Hkjr ls lEcfU|r fofHUu ig¥kÍ ds` d`k;kZUo;u gsrq vkfl;ku fod`kl d`ks" (Asean Development Fund) gsrq 5 d`jksÈM MkW¥j rd` ds` Hkjr ds` ;ksxnku d`h ?ks".k ^|kuea(h us d`h\ lkƒ gh fæ”k] ˜tkZ] d~`f" ,oa okfud`h vkfn ”s(kÍ eÍ ‘vkfl;ku’ d`h 2009–15 d`h d`k;Z ;kstukvkÍ eÍ Hkjr d`h Hkxhnkjh d`h isæd`æ Hh ds` f¥, jokuk gksus ls iwoZ jkÆV_ifr ^frHk ;k(k d`ks vR;f|d` lœ`¥ crkrs gq, Jherh ikfV¥ us jkÆV_e≥M¥ [s¥kÍ d`h csVu fj¥s ikfV¥ us d`gk gS fd` blls nksukÍ nsækÍ ds` egkjkuh ,f¥tkcsƒ–II ls 29 vDVwcj d`ks lkƒ Hkjr ds` f}i”h; lEcU|kÍ d`ks cÈkSrs ij o gqvk fgu eÍ vDVwcj 2009 eÍ lEiUu gLrk”j Hh jkÆV_ifr d`h mifLƒfr eÍ gqvk\ blds` lkƒ gh Hkjr-vkfl;ku fud`ksfl;k eÍ fd`, x,\ ds`o¥ vkB ¥k[ lkrok∑ fæ[j lEes ¥ u (India-ASEAN tula“;k ok¥s NksVs ls ;wjksih; nsæ Summit) o pkS ƒ k iw o hZ ,fæ;kbZ fæ[j lkb^l ds` jkÆV_ifr f∂`LVksfœ`;kl ds` lkƒ lEes¥u (East Asia Summit) H h f}i”h; okrkZ eÍ Hkjrh; jkÆV_ifr us lkb^l d`h v[≥Mrk o LorU(rk ds` ƒkb¥S≥M ds` jkÆV_ifr vfHlhr osTtkftok eke¥s eÍ Hkjr ds` iw.Z leƒZu d`k (Abhisit Vejjajiva) d`h v÷;”rk eÍ 24vk'oklu fn;k\ jkÆV_ifr ^frHk ikfV¥ d`k 25 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks ƒkbZ¥S≥M eÍ pk ;g vk'oklu Vd`hZ ds` lkƒ lkb^l ds` vke (Cha Am) o gqvk fgu (Hua Hin) fookn ds` ifj^s{; eÍ ƒk\ m|j lkb^l us eÍ lEiUu gq,\ ;g fæ[j lEes¥u ew¥r# lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`h Lƒk;h lnL;rk ds` f¥, fnlEcj 2 0 0 8 eÍ ƒkb¥S≥M eÍ 14oÍ Hkjr ds` nkos d`ks iw.Z leƒZu ^nku fd`;k\ vkfl;ku fæ[j lEes¥u ds` lkƒ gh nksukÍ nsækÍ d`h ,d` lIrkg d`h ;k(k lEiUu gks u s ƒs ] fd`Urq ƒkbZ ¥ S ≥ M eÍ ds` i'pkrΩ jkÆV_ifr ^frHk ikfV¥ d`h jktuhfrd` vfLƒjrk o d`bZ vU; d`kj.kÍ Lonsæ okilh 1 uoEcj d`ks gqbZ\ viuh bl ls ;g lEes¥u d`bZ ckj Lƒfxr gq,\ 24 ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/837

ƒkb¥S≥M eÍ pk vke eÍ vkfl;ku fæ[j lEes¥u ls brj phu ds` ^|kuea(h osu ft;kckvks ds` lkƒ Hkjrh; ^|kuea(h d`h f}i”h; okrkZ Hh v¥x ls lEiUu gqbZ\ 24 vDVwcj d`ks lEiUu bl okrkZ eÍ nksukÍ usrkvkÍ us ikjLifjd` fo'okl] lkSgknZ o csgrj le> ds` egRo d`ks js[kafd`r fd`;k\ v:.kp¥ ^nsæ ds` eqnΩns ij d`ksbZ ppkZ bl okrkZ eÍ ugÓ d`h xbZ\ f}i”h; okrkZ eÍ nksukÍ usrkvkÍ us bl ckr ij lgefr O;Dr d`h fd` fd`lh Hh i” d`ks erHsnkÍ d`ks fod`flr gks jgs eS(hiw.Z lEcU|kÍ d`h jkg eÍ ck|d` ugÓ cuus nsuk pkfg,\ nksukÍ nsækÍ ds` chp O;kikj vlarq¥u] tks bl le; phu ds` i” eÍ gS] d`ks nwj d`jus eÍ enn d`k vk'oklu phuh ^|kuea(h us bl ckrphr eÍ fn;k\ nksukÍ nsækÍ ds` chp f}i”h; O;kikj 2008-09 ds` nkSjku 40·60 vjc MkW¥j d`k jgk ƒk\ bleÍ phu ls Hkjr d`k vk;kr tgk∑ 31·33 vjc MkW¥j d`k ƒk] ogÓ Hkjr ls phu d`ks fu;kZr 9·27 vjc gqvk fgu eÍ phuh ^|kuea(h osu ft;kckvks ds` MkW¥j gh jgk ƒk\ bl Hkjh vlarq¥u ij lkƒ Hkjrh; ^|kuea(h eueksgu ¯lg Hkjrh; d`Eifu;kÍ }kjk d`bZ ckj `fpUrk trkbZ tk pqd`h gß\ Hkjrh; pSEcjkÍ d`k ekuuk gS fd` if'peh vƒZO;oLƒkvkÍ eÍ phu ds` mRiknkÍ d`h ek∑x ?Vh gS ftlls og vius mRiknkÍ d`h Hkjr eÍ MfEiax d`j jgk gS\ ·bl eke¥s eÍ viuh vksj ls d`ne mBkrs gq, ,≥Vh MfEiax tk∑p Hkjr us æqÔ d`h gqbZ gS\‚ nksukÍ nsækÍ ds` chp d`kjksckjh lEcU|kÍ d`h etcwrh ds` f¥, phuh d`Eifu;kÍ d`ks Hkjr eÍ fuosæ ds` f¥, ^ksRlkfgr d`jus d`k vk'oklu phuh ^|kuea(h us fn;k rƒk ;g Hh d`gk fd` phu eÍ Hkjrh; fuosæ d`k Lokxr fd`;k tk,xk\

mUgkÍus d`h\ ‘vkfl;ku’ ds` lkƒ oSPkkfjd` vknku-^nku ds` f¥, cqf*thfo;kÍ m»fe;kÍ] fæ”kfonkÍ o uhfr fuekZrkvkÍ ds` ,d` bf≥M;k-vkfl;ku jkm≥M Vsc¥ d`h Lƒkiuk d`jus ds` vkÿku ds` lkƒ-lkƒ luΩ 2020 rd` ds` f¥, Hkjr-vkfl;ku lEcU|kÍ ds` fu|kZj. ds` f¥, ,d` foÈtu LVsVeÍV rS;kj d`jus ds` f¥, ,d` la;qDr d`k;Zn¥ xfBr d`jus d`k vkÿku Hh ^|kuea(h us fd`;k\ blds` lkƒ gh 2012 eÍ Hkjr-vkfl;ku fæ[j lEes¥u d`h estckuh d`h isæd`æ Hh mUgkÍus Hkjr d`h vksj ls d`h\

Hkjr] vkLV_sf¥;k o U;wth¥S≥M Hkx ¥srs gß\ blls iwoZ rhljk iwohZ ,fæ;kbZ fæ[j lEes¥u ‘vkfl;ku’ ds` 13oÍ fæ[j lEes¥u o Hkjr-vkfl;ku NBh fæ[j cSBd` ds` lkƒ uoEcj 2007 eÍ ¯lxkiqj eÍ gqvk ƒk rƒk pkSƒk iwohZ ,fæ;kbZ fæ[j lEes¥u fnlEcj 2008 eÍ vkfl;ku fæ[j lEes¥u ds` lkƒ gh gksuk ƒk] fd`Urq ƒkb¥S≥M eÍ jktuhfrd` vfLƒjrk o vU; d`kj.kÍ ls ;g lEes¥u d`bZ ckj Lƒfxr gqvk\ vDVwcj 2009 eÍ Hh ;g lEes¥u œq`ds`V (Phuket) eÍ vk;ksftr d`jus d`h ?ks".k ig¥s d`h xbZ

Hh ækfe¥ gS\ bl fo'ofo»k¥; d`h Lƒkiuk ds` f¥, vkfl;ku o iwohZ ,fæ;k ds` vU; nsækÍ ds` lg;ksx ds` f¥, ^|kuea(h eueksgu ¯lg us |U;okn O;Dr fd`;k\ 23 vDVwcj d`ks vkfl;ku ds` 15 oÍ fæ[j lEes¥u ‘vkfl;ku baVj xouZeÍV¥ d`ehæu vkWu Ìweu jkbVΩl’ ds` xBu ds` ^Lrko d`k iwohZ ,fæ;kbZ fæ[j lEes¥u eÍ Lokxr fd`;k x;k\ d`ksfj;kbZ miegk}hi d`ks ukfHd`h; æL(kÍ ls jfgr d`jus ds` f¥, Ng i”h; okrkZ d`ks æh?zkfræh?z iqu# ^kjEH d`jus d`k vkÿku Hh lEes¥u eÍ fd`;k x;k\ E;kaekj eÍ ¥ksd`rU( d`h Lƒkiuk ds` f¥, jksMeSi `ds` d`k;kZUo;u ds` f¥, mld`h ljd`kj d`ks ^ksRlkfgr fd`;k x;k rkfd` 2010 eÍ gh ogk∑ fuÆi” pquko d`jk, tk ldÍ`\ vx¥k ik∑pok∑ iwohZ ,fæ;kbZ fæ[j lEes¥u vkfl;ku ds` 16oÍ fæ[j lEes¥u ds` lkƒ 2010 eÍ fo;ruke eÍ gksuk gS\

vejhd`k eÍ Lokbu Œ¥w jkÆV_h; vkink ?ksf"r vejhd`h jkÆV_ifr cjkd` vksckek us Lokbu Œ¥w d`ks jkÆV_h; vkink ?ksf"r d`j fn;k gS\ jkÆV_ifr vksckek us xr 23 vDVwcj d`ks Lokbu Œ¥w d`ks jkÆV_h; vkink ?ksf"r d`jus lEcU|h ?ks".k-i( ij gLrk”j fd`,\ vejhd`h ljd`kj d`k ekuuk gS fd` blls ,p1,u1 ls ihfÈMr ejhtkÍ ds` b¥kt ds` f¥, csgrj bartke fd`, tk ldÍ`xs\

laf”Ird`h n\ d`ksfj;k ds` cnuke D¥ksu oSKkfud` d`ks fu¥fEcr dS`n d`h ltk

nf”. d`ksfj;k d`h ,d` vnk¥r us dq`“;kr D¥ksu oSKkfud` ÿkax ow lqd` d`ks LVse ls¥ æks| lEcU|h x¥r nkos ds` f¥, fu¥fEcr dS`n d`h ltk xr 26 vDVwcj d`ks lqukbZ\ vnk¥r us mls vuqla|ku ds` d`ks" eÍ ?i¥s rƒk ^;ksxkÍ ds` f¥, ekuoh; fMEc ¥sd`j fpfd`Rld`h; [k¯e;kÍ ds` f¥, nks o"Z dS`n d`h ltk lqukbZ tks rhu o"Z rd` fu¥fEcr jgsxh\ ÿkax 2004 eÍ rc lqf[Z;kÍ eÍ vk;k tc mlus vejhd`h if(d`k lkbal eÍ LVse ls¥ D¥ks¯ux eÍ cÈMh lœ`¥rk fe¥us d`k nkok fd`;k ƒk\ mld`k nkok ƒk fd` ekuo ds` D¥ksu fd`, x, ‘Hkjr-vkfl;ku’ fæ[j cSBd` eÍ ‘vkfl;ku’ usrkvkÍ ds` lkƒ Hkjrh; ^|kuea(h eueksgu ¯lg ls LVse ls¥ ¥kbu cukus ok¥k og fo'o lkroÓ Hkjr-vkfl;ku fæ[j cSBd` ƒh] fd`Urq bld`k vk;kstu Lƒ¥ cn¥d`j Hwd`kz. ig¥k oSKkfud` gS\

ds` vx¥s fnu pkSƒk iwohZ ,fæ;kbZ fæ[j lEes¥u Hh pk vke (Cha Am) o gqvk fgu (Hua Hin) eÍ lEiUu gqvk\ iwohZ ,fæ;kbZ fæ[j lEes¥u eÍ ‘vkfl;ku’ ds` nl lnL; jkÆV_kÍ ds` vfrfjDr ‘vkfl;ku + 3’ ds` rhukÍ nsæ phu] tkiku o n\ d`ksfj;k rƒk rhu vU; ,fæ;kbZ nsæ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/838

pk vke o gqvk fgu fd`;k x;k\ ƒkb¥S≥M ds` jkÆV_ifr vfHlhr osTtkftok d`h v÷;”rk eÍ lEiUu bl fæ[j lEes¥u eÍ Lohd`kj fd`, x, nks ^LrkokÍ eÍ vkink ^cU|u ls lEcfU|r ,d` ^Lrko ds` vfrfjDr Hkjr eÍ fcgkj eÍ uk¥ank vUrjkZÆV_h; fo'ofo»k¥; d`h Lƒkiuk lEcU|h ^Lrko

lqtkrk d`ksbjk¥k usik¥ ljd`kj eÍ nwljh mi^|kuea(h usik¥h d`kaxzsl v÷;” fxfjtk ^lkn d`ksbjk¥k d`h iq(h o usik¥ d`h fonsæ ea(h lqtkrk d`ksbjk¥k d`ks xr vDVwcj ekg eÍ

æs" i~ÆB 978 ij

d`h rq¥uk ekuo fod`kl lwpd`kad` (Human Development Index—HDI) ds` vk|kj ij d`h xbZ gS\ o"Z 2009 d`h ;g fjiksVZ fo'o Hj eÍ xr 5 vDVwcj d`ks tkjh d`h

;w,uMhih d`h ekuo fod`kl fjiksVZ eÍ ekuo fod`kl lwpd`kad` eÍ Hkjr d`k 134ok∑ LFkku la;qDr

jkÆV_ fod`kl d`k;Z∂`e

(UNDP) d`h o"Z 2009 d`h ekuo fod`kl fjiksVZ (Human Development Report)

eÍ fofHUu jkÆV_kÍ eÍ ekuo fod`kl d`h fLFkfr

ubZ fnY¥h eÍ ekuo fod`kl fjiksVZ tkjh d`jrs gq, ;kstuk vk;ksx ds` mik÷;” ekÍVsd` flag vkg¥wokf¥;k o ;w,uMhih ds` ^frfuf÷k ih\ fctksV

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izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/840

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o"Z 2006 d`h rq¥uk eÍ 2007 eÍ Hkjr ds` ekuo fod`kl lwpd`kad` (Human Development Index—HDI) eÍ lq|kj ds` ckotwn Hkjr d`h ekuo fod`kl jßfd`ax eÍ d`ksbZ mUu;u 2007 eÍ ugÓ gqvk gS\ ;w,uMhih d`h o"Z 2008 d`h ekuo fod`kl fjiksVZ eÍ Hkjr ds` f¥, ;g lwpd`kad` 0·604 ·2006 ds` f¥,‚ vkd`f¥r fd`;k x;k Fkk] tks o"Z 2007 ds` f¥, 0·612 rktk fjiksVZ eÍ n'kkZ;k x;k gS\ ,pMhvkbZ eÍ bl lq|kj ds` ckotwn Hkjr d`h ekuo fod`kl jßfd`ax] tks 2006 eÍ 134 Fkh] 2007 eÍ ;gh cuh jgh gS\

fofHUu o"ksÛ eÍ Hkjr d`k ekuo fod`kl lwpd`kad` o"Z

ekuo fod`kl lwpd`kad`

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007

0·427 0·453 0·489 0·511 0·556 0·596 0·604 0·612

(Human Poverty Index) d`k vkd`¥u Hh ekuo fod`kl fjiksVZ eÍ fd`;k x;k gS\ bl lwpd`kad` d`h ›fÆV ls 135 nsækÍ d`h lwph eÍ 88ok∑ Lƒku Hkjr d`ks fn;k x;k gS\

X¥ksc¥ gaxj baMsDl eÍ Hkjr d`k 65ok∑ LFkku [k»kUu mRiknu ds` eke¥s eÍ fo'o ds` vxz.h ns'kkÍ eÍ jgus ds` ckotwn Hkjr eÍ [k» lqj{kk d`h fLFkfr fpUrktud` gS rFkk ns'k d`h ¥xHx 30 d`jksÈM tula“;k Hw[ ls ihfÈMr gS\ fofHUu jkÆV_kÍ eÍ [k» lqj{kk d`h fLFkfr ds` lEcU| eÍ teZuh ds` baVjus'ku¥ œw`M ikWf¥lh fjlpZ baLVhVΩ;wV }kjk vDVwcj 2009 eÍ tkjh ,d` fjiksVZ eÍ [q¥klk fd`;k x;k gS\ dq`iks".] ck¥ dq`iks". o ck¥ e~R;q nj ds` vk|kj ij rS;kj fd`, x,] X¥ksc¥ gaxj baMsDl ds` vk|kj ij Hkjr d`ks 84 ns'kkÍ eÍ 65ok∑ LFkku bleÍ ^nku fd`;k x;k gS] tcfd` iÈMkslh ns'kkÍ eÍ phu d`k bl eke¥s eÍ ik∑pok∑] Jh¥ad`k d`k 35 ok∑] usik¥ d`k 55 ok∑ o ikfd`Lrku d`k 58ok∑ LFkku gS\ vkfFkZd` fLFkfr eÍ Hkjr ds` led`{k d`gs tkus ok¥s n\ vœz`hd`k d`k 14ok∑ LFkku 84 ns'kkÍ d`h bl lwph eÍ ^nku fd`;k x;k gS\ vœz`hd`k ds` fu|Zu ns'kkÍ xsckWu ·13ok∑ LFkku‚] ¥slksFkks · 30ok∑ LFkku‚ o lwMku ·53ok∑ LFkku‚ d`h fLFkfr Hh Hkjr ls csgrj bl fjiksVZ eÍ crkbZ xbZ gS\ izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/841

X¥ksc¥ gaxj baMsDl ds` eke¥s eÍ Hkjr ls Hh [jkc fLFkfr ftu ns'kkÍ d`h gS] mueÍ ckaX¥kns'k ·67ok∑ LFkku‚] ukbtj ·78ok∑ LFkku‚] bFkksfi;k · 79 ok∑ LFkku‚ o d`kaxks ·84ok∑ LFkku‚ 'kkfe¥ gS\ KkrO; gS fd` baVjus'ku¥ œw`M ikWf¥lh fjlpZ baLVhVΩ;wV d`h fiN¥s o"Z (2008) d`h fjiksVZ eÍ Hkjr d`ks 66ok∑ LFkku ^nku fd`;k x;k Fkk\

th-24 fod`kl'kh¥ ns'kkÍ d`k ,d` laxBu gS] ftld`k xBu 1971 eÍ gqvk Fkk\ jktuhfrd` Lrj ij bld`k lapk¥u lnL; jkÆV_kÍ ds` fo® eaf(;kÍ/ds`Unzh; cßd`kÍ ds` xouZjkÍ ds` Lrj ij gksrk gS\ Hkjr d`ks th-24 d`h v÷;{krk d`k Js; blls iwoZ 1983-84 eÍ ^kIr gqvk Fkk\ ml le; Hh ^.c eq[thZ gh Hkjr ds` fo® ea(h Fks\

jkW;¥ jktLFkku vkWu OghYl ‘iS¥sl vkWu OghYl’ d`h rtZ ij jktLFkku i;ZVu fod`kl fuxe (RTDC) d`h nwljh lqij ¥DÈtjh js¥xkÈMh ‘jkW;¥ jktLFkku vkWu OghYl’ (Royal Rajasthan on Wheels) us bl o"Z d`h viuh okf.fT;d` ;k(k,a 18 vDVwcj] 2009 ls 'kqÔ d`h gß\ ubZ fnY¥h ds` lœ`njtax js¥os LVs'ku ls bld`h ;g ;k(k cn¥s gq, ÔV ij tks|iqj] mn;iqj] fp®kSÈMxÈ<] lokbZ ek|ksiqj] t;iqj] [tqjkgks] okjk.lh o vkxjk gksrs gq, lœ`njtax ·ubZ fnY¥h‚ eÍ gh lekIr gksxh\ 28 ekpZ] 2010 rd` ^fr lIrkg ,d` ckj ;g ;k(k lEiUu gksxh\ ;k(k ds` nkSjku lHh BgjkokÍ ij i;ZVu LFk¥kÍ d`k Hze. blds` ;kf(;kÍ d`ks d`jk;k tk,xk\ KkrO; gS fd` lqij ¥DÈtjh js¥xkÈMh jkW;¥ jktLFkku vkWu OghYl d`h okf.fT;d` ;k(kvkÍ d`k ig¥k pj. tuojh 2009 eÍ 'kqÔ gqvk Fkk\ u, rktk pj. eÍ bl js¥xkÈMh ds` ÔV eÍ dq`N ifjorZu fd`;k x;k gS\

fnY¥h–eqEcbZ rƒk fnY¥h–d`ks¥d`krk ds` chp lqij ¥Dtjh ‘egkjktk ,Dl^sl’ ‘iS¥sl vkWu OghYl’ o jkW;¥ jktLFkku vkWu OghYl d`h rtZ ij ¥Ech nwjh d`h nks lqij ¥DÈtjh js¥xkfÈM;k∑ fnY¥h–eqEcbZ rƒk fnY¥h–d`ks¥d`krk ds` chp vx¥s o"Z 2010 ls p¥us ¥xÍxh\ ‘egkjktk ,Dl^sl’ uke d`h bu js¥xkfÈM;kÍ d`k lapk¥u bafM;u js¥os ds`Vfjax ,≥M VwfjTe d`kWiksZjsæu (IRCTI) }kjk d`kWDl ,≥M fd`aXl ds` lg;ksx ls fd`;k tk,xk\ blds` f¥, bu nksukÍ d`Eifu;kÍ ds` ,d` la;qDr midz`e d`k xBu fd`;k x;k gS\ bueÍ ig¥h egkjktk ,Dl^sl js¥xkÈMh eqEcbZ ds` N(ifr fæokth VfeZu¥ ls ubZ fnY¥h ds` f¥, 7 tuojh] 2010 d`ks jokuk gksxh\ lkr fnu o Ng jkr d`h bl ;k(k ds` nkSjku blds` Bgjko oÈMksnjk] mn;iqj] tks÷kiqj] chd`kusj] t;iqj] j.ƒEHkSj o vkxjk eÍ gkÍxs\ fnY¥h ls eqEcbZ d`h bld`h ig¥h okilh ;k(k 17 tuojh] 2010 d`ks gksxh\ fnY¥h–d`ks¥d`krk ds` e÷; p¥kbZ tk jgh egkjktk ,Dl^sl ds` Bgjko vkxjk] Xokf¥;j] [tqjkgks] ck∑÷koxÈ<] okjk.lh o x;k eÍ gkÍxs\ bu lqij ¥Dtjh js¥xkfÈM;kÍ eÍ ;k(h fd`jk;k 800 MkW¥j ls 2500 MkW¥j ^frfnu ·pkj Jsf.;k∑‚ gksxk\

Hkjr th-24 d`k f}rh; mik÷;{k # 2011-12 eÍ v÷;{k cusxk

fons'kh euhvkWMZj o iklZ¥ ds` f¥, Mkd` foHkx d`h nks ubZ ;kstuk,a

Hkjr d`ks l( 2009-10 ds` f¥, fod`kl'kh¥ ns'kkÍ ds` lewg th-24 d`k f}rh; mik÷;{k vDVwcj 2009 eÍ pquk x;k gS\ blls 2010-11 eÍ ^Fke mik÷;{k o 2011-12 eÍ v÷;{k d`k nkf;Ro bls ^kIr gks lds`xk\ f}rh; mik÷;{k in gsrq Hkjr ds` fo® ea(h ^.c eq[thZ d`k ;g loZlEer pquko G-24 d`h 3 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks Vd`hZ eÍ bLrkacq¥ eÍ lEiUu cSBd` eÍ fd`;k x;k\ blls iwoZ lhfj;k th-24 d`k v÷;{k Fkk] tcfd` czkth¥ bld`k ^Fke mik÷;{k o n\ vœz`hd`k f}rh; mik÷;{k Fkk\ rktk pquko ds` i'pkrΩ 2009-10 eÍ czkth¥ v÷;{k] n\ vœz`hd`k ^Fke mik÷;{k o Hkjr f}rh; mik÷;{k gksxk\ la;ksx ls ;g rhukÍ ns'k ‘bClk’ (IBSA) ls tqÈMs gq, gß\

fons'kkÍ eÍ euhvkWMZj o iklZ¥ ds` lE^s". ds` f¥, fons'k euhvkWMZj o Œ¥SV jsV ckWDl vUrjkZÆV_h; lsok uke ls nks ubZ lsok,a Hkjrh; Mkd` foHkx }kjk 24 vDVwcj] 2009 ls 'kqÔ d`h xbZ gß\ fons'k euhvkWMZj lsok d`h 'kqÔvkr psUubZ ls d`h xbZ\ bl lsok ds` rgrΩ fons'k eÍ euhvkWMZj d`k ^s". fd`;k tk ld`rk gS\ fons'k ls euhvkWMZj ^kIr d`jus d`h lqfo|k Hh blds` rgrΩ mi¥C| gksxh\ Œ¥SV jsV ckWDl vUrjkZÆV_h; lsok ds` rgrΩ fo'ks" ckWDl Mkd` foHkx }kjk mi¥C| d`jk, tk jgs gß\ ,d` gtkj :i, ds` ckWDl eÍ ,d` fd`xzk rd` otu d`k lkeku fons'k eÍ d`gÓ Hh Hstk tk lds`xk\
lE^s". gsrq Hh ckWDl Mkd` foHkx }kjk jkf'k d`h HjikbZ ugÓ gks ld`rh vkSj bl mi¥C| d`jk, tk,axs\ fuos'k d`ks Mwck gqvk fuos'k gh d`Eiuh eku jgh gS\ ifjÆd~`r thu ok¥s cßxu ds` mRiknu mY¥s[uh; gS fd` rs¥ vkSj xSl d`h fud`klh okLro eÍ cgqr vf|d` tksf[e d`h vuqefr d`h laLrqfr thu ifjÆd`j. ds` lEcU| eÍ fu;eu Hjk d`k;Z gS] D;kÍfd` lEcfU|r d`Eiuh d`ks d`jus ok¥h vkf|d`kfjd` tsusfVd` bathfu;fjax irk ugÓ gksrk fd` vUr eÍ mlds` gkFk D;k ,^wo¥ d`esVh (GEAC) us ns'k eÍ chVh cßxu ¥xuk gS\ ubZ uhfr ds` rgrΩ d`ksbZ d`Eiuh ds`o¥ mlh ^[≥M d`h viuh ¥kxr d`ks (Bt Brinjal) ds` okf.fT;d` mRiknu d`h vuqefr ds` f¥, viuh laLrqfr vDVwcj rs¥ ;k xSl cspd`j fud`k¥ ld`rh gS 2009 eÍ ^nku d`j nh gS\ bl eke¥s eÍ ftleÍ okf.fT;d` mRiknu ¥k;d` rs¥ ;k vfUre fu.Z; ljd`kj d`ks gh vHh ¥suk gS\ xSl mi¥C| gksrh gS\ 'ks" [≥MkÍ eÍ mud`k d`esVh d`h laLrqfr Lohd`kj fd`, tkus d`h iSlk cckZn gks tkrk gS\ fLFkfr eÍ cßxu Hkjr eÍ ifjÆd~`r thu ok¥h (Genetically Modified—GM) ig¥h [k» œ`l¥ gksxh\ fœ`¥gk¥ ds`o¥ chVh d`ikl (Bt Cotton) gh ,d`ek( ,slh ifjÆd~`r thu ok¥h œ`l¥ gS] ftld`h okf.fT;d` d~`f" d`h ns'k eÍ vuqefr gS] tksfd` ,d` xSj-[k» œ`l¥ (Non-food Crop) gS\ chVh cßxu ds` mRiknu d`h vuqefr ls ns'k eÍ cßxu ds` mRiknu eÍ d`kœ`h o~f* d`h lEHkouk tgk∑ ekgΩ;d`ks (Mahyco—chVh ^kS»ksfxd`h cspus ok¥h cgqjkÆV_h; d`Eiuh‚ us O;Dr d`h gS] ogÓ i;kZoj.okfn;kÍ us bld`k Hkjh fojks| fd`;k gS\

fj¥k;al us mR[uu gsrq vkoafVr rs¥ C¥kWd`kÍ eÍ ls 14 C¥kWd` ¥kSVk,

vius lheÍV d`kjksckj d`h iqulÛjpuk d`h xzkfle d`h ;kstuk dq`ekj eax¥e fcÈM¥k ds` usr~Ro ok¥s vkfnR; fcÈM¥k xzqi us vius lheÍV d`kjksckj d`h iqulÛjpuk d`h ;kstuk rS;kj d`h gS] ftlds` rgrΩ xzkfle baMLV_ht ls ;g ·lheÍV‚ d`kjksckj i~FkdΩ` d`j xzqi ds` iw.Z LokfeRo ok¥h vuq"axh d`Eiuh ‘le~f* lheÍV’ eÍ fe¥k;k tk,xk\ ckn eÍ le~f* d`Eiuh d`k fo¥; blh xzqi d`h ,d` vU; d`Eiuh vYV_kVsd` lheÍV eÍ fd`;k tk,xk\ bl ^d`kj xzkfle baMLV_ht ds` lheÍV d`kjksckj d`k fo¥; vUrr# vYV_kVsd` lheÍV eÍ gks tk,xk\ le~f* lheÍV eÍ lheÍV d`kjksckj ds` gLrkarj. ds` ^Lrko d`ks xzkfle ds` ^cU|d` e≥M¥ us 3 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks eatwjh ^nku d`h gS\ bl fo[≥Mu ds` f¥, xzkfle ds` 'ks;j |kjd`kÍ d`ks muds` ^fr ,d` 'ks;j ij le~f* d`k ,d` 'ks;j vkoafVr fd`;k tk,xk\ ftlls leÔf* d`h bZfDoVh eÍ xzkfle ds` 'ks;j |kjd`kÍ d`h fgLlsnkjh 35 ^fr'kr gks tk,xh rFkk xzzkfle d`h bleÍ fgLlsnkjh ?Vd`j 65 ^fr'kr jg tk,xh\ le~f* ds` 'ks;j fœ`¥gk¥ lwphc* ugÓ gß\ ¥xHx 6 ekg eÍ buds` lwphc* gkssus d`h lEHkouk gS\ xzkfle baMLV_ht us vius lheÍV d`kjksckj ds` vYV_kVsd` eÍ fo¥; ds` f¥, ;g ?qekonkj jkLrk d`j cpkus ds` f¥, pquk gS\ bl d`kjksckj ds` xzzkfle ls lh|s vYV_kVsd` eÍ gLrkUrj. d`h ^fdz`;k eÍ ‘V_katsD'ku VSDl’ o ‘LVkEi MΩ;wVh d`k Hkj d`Eiuh ij iÈMrk] tcfd` leÔf* lheÍV eÍ gLrkUrj. d`j ckn eÍ blds` vYV_kVsd` eÍ fo¥; d`h ^fdz`;k eÍ d`j Hkj ugÓ iÈMsxk\

fj¥k;al baMLV_ht us rs¥ vkSj xSl mR[uu ds` f¥, vius uke vkoafVr gq, 45 C¥kWd`kÍ eÍ ls 14 d`h [kst eÍ okafNr lœ`¥rk u fe¥us ds` d`kj. ljd`kj d`ks ¥kSVk fn;k gS\ d`Eiuh d`k d`guk gS fd` bu C¥kWd`kÍ eÍ rs¥ ,oa xSl d`h [kst ij 1,400 d`jksÈM :i, mlus [pZ fd`, Fks ij bueÍ okf.fT;d` n~fÆV ls nksgu ;ksX; HaMkj ugÓ fe¥s gß\ KkrO; gS fd` ds`Unz ljd`kj d`h ubZ rs¥ [kst ¥kblÍl uhfr (NELP) ds` rgrΩ 45 C¥kWd` vkjvkbZ,¥ d`ks vkoafVr fd`, x, Fks\ d`Eiuh us bueÍ ls 14 C¥kWd`kÍ ls viuk vf|d`kj NksÈMd`j bUgÍ vDVwcj 2009 eÍ ljd`kj d`ks okil d`j fn, gß\ d`Eiuh ds` ,d` ^oDrk ds` vuqlkj d`Eiuh us lHh vkoafVr C¥kWd`kÍ eÍ [fut isV_ksf¥;e d`h [kst ds` f¥, 13,200 d`jksÈM :i, ls T;knk d`h jkf'k [pZ d`h gS rFkk mls vc rd` ds`o¥ d~`Æ.k xksnkojh csflu ·ds`th50 gtkj :`i, ls vf|d` ds` csflu‚ vkSj egkunh csflu ·,ubZlh-25‚ C¥kWd`kÍ eÍ gh rs¥ vkSj xSl ds` ,sls lzksr migkj Lohd`kjus ij fe¥s gß ftud`k O;kolkf;d` nksgu fd`;k vk;d`j ns; tk ld`rk gS\ ftu C¥kWd`kÍ eÍ rs¥ d`k irk ugÓ ¥xk gS] mueÍ bl v÷;;u vkSj O;fDr;kÍ }kjk ^kIr fd`, x, migkj fM_f¥ax ij [pZ gqbZ 1,400 d`jksÈM :i, d`h ij vk;d`j ds` lEcU| eÍ u;k fu;e 1 izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/842

vDVwcj] 2009 ls ¥kxw fd`;k x;k gS\ blds` rgrΩ 50 gtkj :i, ls vf|d` ewY; ds` migkj ¥sus ij migkj ds` ewY; d`k 30 ^fr'kr vk;d`j ds` Ôi eÍ ns; gksxk\ blls iwoZ 50 gtkj :`i, ls vf|d` ds` ud`n jkf'k ds` migkj ij gh vk;d`j migkj ^kIr d`jus ok¥s d`ks nsuk gksrk Fkk\ migkjkÍ ij ¥xus ok¥s vk;d`j ds` eke¥s eÍ dq`N NwVÍ Hh ljd`kj }kjk ^nku d`h xbZ gß\ mnkgj.kFkZ] fookg ds` volj ij fud`V fj'rsnkjkÍ ls fe¥s migkj vk;d`j ls eqDr jgÍxs\ KkrO; gS fd` blls iwoZ fo® ea(k¥; us 1 v^S¥] 2004 ls 25,000 :i, ls vf|d` d`h ud`n jkf'k ij d`j ¥xkus d`h ?ks".k d`h Fkh\ blds` ckn bl vf|fu;e eÍ la'kks|u fd`;k x;k vkSj 1 v^S¥] 2006 ls bl jkf'k d`ks nksxquk d`j 50,000 :i, d`j fn;k x;k\ rktk la'kks|u ds` rgrΩ ud`n jkf'k ij gh ugÓ cfYd` vU; ÔikÍ eÍ ^kIr fd`, x, migkjkÍ ij Hh vk;d`j ns; gksxk\

vkbZlhbZ,Dl Hkjr d`k pkSFkk d`eksfMVh ,DlpÍt bafM;k cqYl o ,e,eVhlh }kjk ^ofrZr bafM;u d`eksfMVh ,DlpÍt (Indian Commodity Exchange—ICEX) Hkjr d`k pkSFkk d`eksfMVh ,DlpÍt gS\ ns'k eÍ ok;nk d`kjksckj ds` fu;ked` ok;nk cktkj vk;ksx (Forward Market Commission—FMC)

us iw.Z ,DlpÍt ds` Ôi eÍ vkbZlhbZ,Dl d`ks 9 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks ekU;rk ^nku d`h gS\ bl ,DlpÍt eÍ ok;nk d`kjksckj uoEcj 2009 eÍ 'kqÔ gksus d`h lEHkouk gS\ bls fe¥kd`j ns'k eÍ vc d`eksfMVh ,DlpÍtkÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k pkj gks xbZ gS\ bueÍ vkbZlhbZ,Dl (ICEX) ds` vfrfjDr ,elh,Dl (MCX), ,ulhMhbZ,Dl (NCDEX) o ,u,elhbZ (NMCE) 'kkfe¥ gß\ ,elh,Dl bueÍ lcls cÈMk ,DlpÍt gS\ lHh pkj ,DlpÍtkÍ ds` iwjs uke fuEuf¥f[r gß%

Hkjr ds` pkj d`eksfMVh ,DlpÍt ,elh,Dl%eYVh d`eksfMVh ,DlpÍt MCX—Multi Commodity Exchange

,ulhMhbZ,Dl%us'ku¥ d`eksfMVh ,≥M MsfjosfVOl ,DlpÍt NCDEX—National Commidity and Derivatives Exchange

,u,elhbZ%us'ku¥ eYVh d`eksfMVh ,DlpÍt NMCE—National Multi Commodity Exchange

vkbZlhbZ,Dl%bafM;u d`eksfMVh ,DlpÍt ICEX—Indian Commodity Exchange

2009-10 d`h ig¥h Nekgh eÍ

ds`Unz ljd`kj ds` ^R;{k d`j laxzg eÍ 3·69 ^fr'kr d`h o~f* ds`Unz ljd`kj us pk¥w fo®h; o"Z ds ` nkS j ku ^R;” d`jkÍ ls d`jksÈM :i, jktLo ^kIr d`jus d`k ¥{; ig¥s fu÷kkZfjr fd`;k ƒk ftls cÈ
,uVhihlh o lr¥qt t¥fo»qrΩ fuxe eÍ fofuos'k d`k ljd`kj d`k œS`l¥k ds`Unz ljd`kj lkoZtfud` {ks( ds` uojRu midz`e jkÆV_h; rki fo»qrΩ fuxe (NTPC) rFkk fgekp¥ ljd`kj ds` lkFk mlds` la;qDr midz`e lr¥qt t¥fo»qrΩ fuxe (SJVNL) eÍ viuh dz`e'k# 5 ^fr'kr o 10 ^fr'kr fgLlsnkjh d`k fofuos'k d`jsxh\ bl vk'k; ds` ^Lrko d`ks ds`Unzh; eaf(e≥M¥ d`h vkfFkZd` eke¥kÍ d`h lfefr (CCEA) us eatwjh xr 19 vDVwcj d`ks ^nku d`j nh gS\ ,uVhihlh eÍ 5 ^fr'kr fofuos'k ls ¥xHx 8000 d`jksÈM :i, d`h jkf'k ljd`kj d`ks bl fo®h; o"Z eÍ ^kIr gks lds`xh\ 30 gtkj esxkokV ls vf|d` {kerk ok¥h bl d`Eiuh d`k ,e-dS`i (M-Cap) 1,72,000 d`jksÈM :i, ·d`Eiuh ds` lHh 'ks;jkÍ d`k dq`¥ cktkj ewY;‚ vuqekfur gS\ bld`h bZfDoVh eÍ ljd`kj d`h fgLlsnkjh orZeku eÍ 89·5 ^fr'kr gS\ lr¥qt t¥ fo»qrΩ fuxe] ftld`h 10 ^fr'kr bZfDoVh ds` fofuos'k d`k œS`l¥k ljd`kj us fd`;k gS\ d`h bZfDoVh eÍ 75 ^fr'kr fgLlsnkjh ds`Unz ljd`kj d`h o 'ks" 25 ^fr'kr fgLlsnkjh fgekp¥ ^ns'k ljd`kj d`h gS\

vejhd`k ds` lokZf|d` |uh O;fDr;kÍ d`h œ`ksClZ lwph eÍ fc¥ xsVΩl d`ks 'kh"Z LFkku vejhd`h if(d`k œ`ksClZ (Forbes) us vejhd`k ds` lokZf|d` |uh O;fDr;kÍ d`h lwph xr vDVwcj ekg eÍ tkjh d`h gS\ bl lwph eÍ 'kh"Z LFkku ekbdz`kslkWŒV ds` lglaLFkkid` fc¥ xsVΩl d`k gh jgk gS] ftUgÍ ekpZ 2009 eÍ fo'o d`k lokZf|d` |uh O;fDr œ`ksClZ us crk;k Fkk] ds` bl izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/843/3

vkd`¥u eÍ fc¥ xsVΩl d`h lEif® d`k dq`¥ ogÓ futh ,oa cßd`kÍ ds` eke¥s eÍ bleÍ o~f* ewY; 40 vjc MkW¥j vkd`f¥r fd`;k x;k lUnfHZr o"Z eÍ gqbZ gS\ Fkk] tks vc 50 vjc MkW¥j vkd`f¥r gS\ ;g fiN¥s o"Z d`h rq¥uk eÍ ;»fi 7 rF; ,d` n~fÆV eÍ vjc MkW¥j d`e gS rƒkfi fo'o ds` 140 Hkjr ds` vkjf{kr fons'kh eqnzk d`ks" nsækÍ ds` ld`¥ ?js¥w mRikn (GDP) ls ·16 vDVwcj] 2009 d`h fLFkfr‚ Hh vf÷kd` bls crk;k x;k gS\ 40 vjc ·vjc MkW¥j eÍ‚ MkW¥j d`h lEif® ds` lkƒ okjsu cœs`V fons'kh eqnzk ifjlEif®;k∑ 267·898 (Warren Buffet) vejhd`k d`k nwljk Lo.Z 10·316 lcls ÷kuh O;fDr œ`ksClZ us crk;k gS\ ,lMhvkj 5·250 vejhd`h if(d`k œ`ksClZ (Forbes) d`h vejhd`k ds` 400 lokZf÷kd` ÷kuh O;fDr;kÍ vUrjkZÆV_h; eqnzk d`ks" (IMF) 1·372 d`h bl lwph eÍ 4 O;fDr Hkjrh; ew¥ ds` ds` ikl vkjf{kr jkf'k Hh gß\ ftueÍ Hjr nslkbZ] ftud`h dq`¥ dq`¥ fons'kh eqnzk d`ks" 284·836 lEif® 1·65 vjc MkW¥j vkd`f¥r d`h xbZ gS] lwph eÍ loksZPp 212oÍ Lƒku ij gß\ ekSfnzd` ,oa lk[ uhfr

cßd` tekvkÍ o lk[ nksukÍ d`h o~f* nj eÍ f'kfFk¥rk # cßd`kÍ d`h n'kk ,oa fn'kk ij vkjchvkbZ fjiksVZ

(2009-10) d`h nwljh (Sekfld`

ns'k eÍ cßfd`ax d`h n'kk ,oa fn'kk ij Hkjrh; fjtoZ cßd` d`h rktk fjiksVZ vDVwcj 2009 eÍ tkjh d`h xbZ\ 2008-09 d`h bl fjiksVZ eÍ crk;k x;k gS fd` vuqlwfpr okf.fT;d` cßd`kÍ (SCBs) d`h tekvkÍ o m|kfj;kÍ nksukÍ eÍ gh f'kfFk¥rk lUnfHZr o"Z eÍ vkbZ gS] fd`Urq blds` ckotwn bu cßd`kÍ d`h fLFkfr etcwr cuh jgh gS\ fjiksVZ eÍ crk;k x;k gS fd` 2008-09 eÍ vuqlwfpr okf.fT;d` cßd`kÍ d`h tekvkÍ eÍ 22·4 ^fr'kr d`h o~f* ntZ d`h xbZ] tks iwoZ o"Z 2007-08 eÍ ;g o~f* 23·1 ^fr'kr jgh Fkh\ tekvkÍ (Deposits) ds` lkFk-lkFk xSj-tek lalk|ukÍ (Non-Deposits Resources) eÍ Hh d`eh 2008-09 ds` nkSjku vkbZ gS\ fjtoZ cßd` d`h bl fjiksVZ eÍ crk;k x;k gS fd` cßd`kÍ }kjk ¥h xbZ m|kfj;kÍ eÍ o~f* Hh 2008-09 eÍ 6·8 ^fr'kr jgh] tks 2007-08 eÍ 24·5 ^fr'kr Fkh\ cßd` lk[ (Bank Credit) d`h o~f* nj eÍ d`eh rks 2004-05 ls gh ntZ d`h tk jgh Fkh\ 2004-05 eÍ bud`h o~f* nj 33·2 ^fr'kr Fkh] tks 2007-08 eÍ 25 ^fr'kr jg xbZ Fkh] 2008-09 eÍ vkSj ?Vd`j 21·2 ^fr'kr gh jg xbZ Fkh\ vkjchvkbZ d`h mi;qZDr fjiksVZ ds` vuqlkj vuqlwfpr okf.fT;d` cßd`kÍ d`k ‘dS`fiV¥ Vq fjLd`-osVsM ,lsVΩl js';ks’ (CRAR) ekpZ 2008 ds` vUr eÍ 13 ^fr'kr Fkk] tks dq`N lq|j d`j ekpZ 2009 ds` var eÍ 13·2 ^fr'kr gks x;k Fkk] tcfd` bud`k xzkWl ,uih, Vq xzkWl ,MokalsÈt js';ks 2·3 ^fr'kr gh cuk jgk Fkk\ fjiksVZ ds` vuqlkj 2008-09 ds` nkSjku lkoZtfud` {ks( ds` cßd`kÍ ds` eke¥s eÍ ;g vuqikr tgk∑ ?Vk gS]

cßd`kÍ ds` f¥, lkafof|d` rj¥rk vuqikr d`ks ,d` o"Z rd` 24 ^fr'kr rd` cuk, j[d`j iqu# bls okil 25 ^fr'kr d`jus d`h ?ks".k Hkjrh; fjtoZ cßd` (RBI) us xr 27 vDVwcj d`ks ekSfnzd` ,oa lk[ uhfr (2009-10) d`h nwljh (Sekfld` leh{kk eÍ d`h\ 21 v^S¥] 2009 d`ks ?ksf"r bl uhfr d`h nwljh (Sekfld` leh{kk xr 27 vDVwcj d`ks d`h xbZ\ blls iwoZ bld`h ig¥h (Sekfld` leh{kk 28 tq¥kbZ] 2009 d`ks d`h xbZ Fkh\ ftleÍ ^eq[ cßfd`ax njkÍ eÍ d`ksbZ ifjorZu ugÓ fd`;k x;k Fkk\ ekSfnzd` ,oa lk[ uhfr d`h rktk ·nwljh‚ leh{kk eÍ Hh lkafof|d` rj¥rk vuqikr (SLR) ds` vfrfjDr vU; njkÍ eÍ d`ksbZ ifjorZu ugÓ fd`;k x;k gS\ blls cßd` nj 6·0 ^fr'kr] ud`n vkj{k. vuqikr (CRR) 5·0 ^fr'kr] jsiks nj 4·75 ^fr'kr o fjolZ jsiks nj 3·25 ^fr'kr ds` vius iwoZ LrjkÍ ij cjd`jkj jgs gß\ ,l,¥vkj d`ks blls iwoZ 3 uoEcj] 2008 ls 25 ^fr'kr ls ?Vkd`j 24 ^fr'kr fd`;k x;k Fkk\ lkafof|d` rj¥rk vuqikr eÍ 1 ^fr'kr fcUnq d`h o~f* d`j vkjchvkbZ us ;g lads`r ns fn;k gS fd` uhph C;kt njkÍ ds` fnu vc ¥nus ok¥s gß rFkk vkus ok¥s fnukÍ eÍ C;kt njkÍ eÍ o~f* lEHkfor gS\ ekSfnzd` ,oa lk[ uhfr d`h rktk leh{kk eÍ fjtoZ cßd` us 2009-10 eÍ vkfFkZd` o~f* nj ds` eke¥s eÍ vius iwokZuqeku d`ks 6 ^fr'kr ds` Lrj ij cjd`jkj j[k gS] tcfd` ekpZ 2010 ds` vUr eÍ eqnzkLœ`hfr d`h nj 6·5 ^fr'kr jgus d`k bld`k rktk vuqeku gS\ ig¥s ;g nj

leh{kk eÍ lkafof|d` rj¥rk vuqikr eÍ 1 ^fr'kr fcUnq d`h o~f* (SLR)

5 ^fr'kr jgus d`h lEHkouk fjtoZ cßd` us O;Dr d`h Fkh\ fjtoZ cßd` d`h uhfr bls 4 – 4·5 ^fr'kr d`h lhek eÍ j[us d`h gS] tcfd` blds` f¥, e÷;kof| ¥{; 3 ^fr'kr d`k gS\

fjtoZ cßd` d`h ekSfnzd` uhfr # nwljh (Sekfld` leh{kk d`h eq“; ckrÍ 1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

7. 8.

lkafof|d` rj¥rk vuqikr 1 ^fr'kr cÈ
^|kuea(h d`h vkfFkZd` l¥kgd`kj ifj"nΩ d`k bd`ksukWfed` vkmV¥qd` # 2009-10 eÍ o~f* nj 6·25-6·75 ^fr'kr jgus d`k iwokZd`¥u MkW\ lh\ jaxjktu d`h v÷;{krk ok¥h ^|kuea(h d`h vkfFkZd` l¥kgd`kj ifj"nΩ (PMEAC) d`h n~fÆV eÍ Hkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk eanh ds` pdz` ls ckgj fud`¥ jgh gS] ftlls [jkc ekulwu ds` ckotwn bl fo®h; o"Z 2009-10 eÍ 6·75 ^fr'kr rd` d`h o~f* bleÍ lEHkfor gS\ vkfFkZd` l¥kgd`kj ifj"nΩ us ;g n~fÆVd`ks. o"Z 2009-10 ds` f¥, vius ‘bd`ksukWfed` vkmV¥qd`’ (Economic Outlook-2009-10) eÍ O;Dr fd`;k gS\ ^|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu flag d`ks 21 vDVw c j] 2009 d`ks lkßis x, bl nLrkost eÍ d`gk x;k gS fd` 2009-10 eÍ Hkjr ds` ld`¥ ?js¥w mRikn (GDP) eÍ 6·25 ls 6·75 ^fr'kr d`h o~f* lEHkfor gS rFkk vkSlru ;g 6·5 ^fr'kr jg ld`rh gS\ blls iwoZ 2005–08 ds` nkSjku rhu o"ksÛ eÍ vkSlru 9 ^fr'kr ls vf|d` jgus ds` i'pkrΩ 2008-09 eÍ ;g o~f* 6·7 ^fr'kr jgh Fkh\ bleÍ crk;k x;k gS fd` lw[s ds ` d`kj. 2009-10 eÍ d~`f"xr mRiknu eÍ 2 izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/844

^fr'kr fxjkoV vk ld`rh gS\ m»ksxkÍ ds` ^fr ld`kjkRed` :[ O;Dr d`jrs gq, bleÍ vuqeku ¥xk;k x;k gS fd` 2009-10 eÍ vkS»ksfxd` o~f* nj 8·2 ^fr'kr jg ld`rh gS] tcfd` 2008-09 eÍ ;g 3·9 ^fr'kr jgh Fkh\ gk¥kafd bl nkSjku lsok {ks( d`h o~f* nj ?Vd`j 8·2 ^fr'kr ij vk ld`rh gS] tcfd` fiN¥s fo® o"Z eÍ ;g 9·7 ^fr'kr jgh Fkh\

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bd`ksukWfed` vkmV¥qd` tkjh d`jrs gq, ^|kuea(h d`h vkfFkZd` l¥kgd`kj ifj"nΩ ds` v÷;{k MkW\ jaxjktu ·nk,a‚ rFkk ifj"nΩ ds` vU; lnL; xksfoUn jko ·ck,a‚ o lkSfe( pkS|jh ·e÷; eÍ‚

vkfFkZd` l¥kgd`kj ifj"nΩ ds` bd`ksukWfed` vkmV¥qd` (2009-10) eÍ d`gk x;k gS fd` eqnzkLœ`hfr d`h nj tks 1 ^fr'kr ds` vklikl vDVwcj 2009 eÍ cuh gqbZ gS] ekpZ 2010 ds` vUr rd` 6 ^fr'kr rd` lEHkfor gS\ eqnzkLœ`hfr d`h nj eÍ bl lEHkfor o~f* ds` ckotwn ekpZ 2010 rd` ekStwnk ekSfnzd` uhfr eÍ fd`lh ifjorZu d`h lEHkouk u gksus d`h ckr bleÍ d`gh xbZ gS\ eqnzkLœ`hfr d`h nj eÍ bl rsth ds` ihNs [k» inkFkksÛ ds` ewY;kÍ eÍ o~f* d`ks eq“;r# m®jnk;h bleÍ crk;k x;k gS\ bd`ksukWfed` vkmV¥qd` eÍ crk;k x;k gS fd` 2009-10 eÍ ns'k eÍ [k»kUukÍ d`k dq`¥ mRiknu 223 fef¥;u Vu gh lEHkfor gS] tks iwoZ o"Z 2008-09 eÍ ^kIr fd`, x, mRiknu d`h rq¥uk eÍ ¥xHx 11 fef¥;u Vu d`e gksxk\ pk¥w fo®h; o"Z 2009-10 eÍ ds`Unz o jkT;kÍ d`k la;qDr jktd`ks"h; ?kVk (Fiscal Deficit) thMhih ds` 10·09 ^fr'kr rd` jgus d`h lEHkouk ds` ^fr fpUrk O;Dr d`jrs gq, bd`ksukWfed` vkmV¥qd` eÍ d`gk x;k gS fd` ,slh fLFkfr d`ks T;knk le; rd` ugÓ j[k tk ld`rk\ vx¥s fo®h; o"Z 2010-11 eÍ bl ij ^Hkoh vadq`'k d`h vko';d`rk bd`ksukWfed` vkmV¥qd` eÍ crkbZ xbZ gS\ vkmV¥qd` eÍ crk;k x;k gS fd` 2008-09 eÍ vds`¥s ds`Unz ljd`kj d`k jktd`ks"h; ?kVk thMhih d`k 6·2 ^fr'kr jgk Fkk] tks bl o"Z 2009-10 eÍ 6·8 ^fr'kr lEHkfor gS\ bd`ksukWfed` vkmV¥qd` 2009-10 : egRoiw.Z fcUnq ,d` n~fÆV eÍ ● ●

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2010-11 eÍ o~f* nj 7 ^fr'kr ij igq∑pus d`h vk'kk\ 2009-10 eÍ m»ksx o lsok {ks( nksukÍ eÍ 8·2 ^fr'kr o~f* d`k vuqeku\ fiN¥s fo® o"Z bueÍ jgh Fkh dz`e'k# 3·9 o 9·7 ^fr'kr d`h o~f*\ fuos'k nj eÍ fœ`¥gk¥ d`ksbZ ifjorZu ds` vklkj ugÓ\ 2009-10 eÍ fuos'k nj 36·5 ^fr'kr jgus d`h mEehn\ cpr nj 34·5 ^fr'kr ds` Lrj ij jgus d`k vuqeku\ oSf'od` ncko eÍ eg∑xkbZ nj 6 ^fr'kr jgus d`k vuqeku\ 2009-10 eÍ jktd`ks"h; ?kVk 10·09 ^fr'kr gksus d`k vuqeku\ ds`Unz o jkT;kÍ d`k )`. thMhih d`k 77 ^fr'kr jgsxk\ vFkZO;oLFkk d`ks etcwrh ^nku d`jus ij tksj\

u;k Fkksd` ewY; lwpd`kad` viuk, tkus ds` i'pkrΩ ekfld` vk|kj ij tkjh gkÍxs eqnzkLœ`hfr ds` vk∑d`ÈMs ns'k eÍ eqnzkLœ`hfr d`h nj d`h eki ds` f¥, lkekU;r# ftl Fkksd` ewY; lwpd`kad` (Wholesale Price Index—WPI) d`k ^;ksx fd`;k tkrk gS] mld`k vk|kj o"Z 1993-94 gS\ bl eki ds` f¥, u, ¥k, tkus ok¥s Fkksd` ewY; lwpd`kad` d`k vk|kj o"Z 2004-05 gksxk\ ;kstuk vk;ksx ds` lnL; vfHthr lsu xqIrk d`h v÷;{krk ok¥h lfefr d`h vuq'kalk ds` vk|kj ij rS;kj fd`, x, bl lwpd`kad` d`k ^d`k'ku 14 uoEcj] 2009 ls lEHkfor gS\ u, lwpd`kad` eÍ 1224 oLrqvkÍ ds` ewY;kÍ d`k lekos'k fd`;k x;k gS] tcfd` 1993-94 vk|kj o"Z ok¥s lwpd`kad` eÍ 435 oLrq,a gh 'kkfe¥ FkÓ\ u, lwpd`kad` ds` vk|kj ij eqnzkLœ`hfr d`h nj d`k vkd`¥u ekfld` vk|kj ij fd`;k tk,xk\ foxr ¥xHx 65 o"ksÛ ls ;g nj lkIrkfgd` vk|kj ij tkjh d`h tkrh jgh gS\

|ku d`h ljd`kjh [jhn ij 50 :`i, ^fr fDoaV¥ d`k cksul

ds`Unz ljd`kj us 2009-10 ds` nkSjku |ku d`h ljd`kjh [jhn ij 50 :i, ^fr fDoaV¥ cksul ^nku d`jus d`h ?ks".k d`h gS\ bl vk'k; d`k œS`l¥k vkfFkZd` eke¥kÍ ij eaf(e≥M¥h; lfefr d`h xr 29 vDVwcj d`h cSBd` eÍ fd`;k x;k\ 2009-10 d`h [jhœ` mitkÍ ds` |ku ds` f¥, 950 :i, ^fr fDoaV¥ ·, xzsM |ku ds` eke¥s eÍ 980 Hkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk oSf'od` fo®h; lad`V ls ckgj fud`¥h\ :i, ^fr fDoaV¥‚ U;wure leFkZu ewY; 2009-10 eÍ vkfFkZd` o~f* nj 6·5 ^fr'kr (MSP) d`h ?ks".k ljd`kj us 20 vxLr] jgus d`k vuqeku\ 2009 d`ks d`h Fkh\ cksul d`h rktk ?ks".k

ls ljd`kj d`ks |ku d`h fcdz`h ls fd`lkukÍ d`ks 1000 :i, ^fr fDoaV¥ ·, xzsM |ku ds` eke¥s eÍ 1030 :i, ^fr fDoaV¥‚ fd`lkukÍ d`ks ^kIr gks lds`xk\ KkrO; gS fd` fiN¥s o"Z 2008-09 eÍ |ku d`h ljd`kjh [jhn ds` f¥, 850 o 880 :i, U;wure leFkZu ewY; ljd`kj us vxLr 2008 eÍ ?ksf"r fd`, Fks rFkk ckn eÍ 50-50 :i, ^fr fDoaV¥ cksul vDVwcj 2008 eÍ ?ksf"r fd`;k Fkk\

d`'ehj eÍ vuarukx-d`kthxqaM js¥ekxZ d`k ^|kuea(h }kjk ¥ksd`kiZ.

cÈMh js¥ ¥kbu gS\ 18 fd`eh ¥Ecs bl [≥M ds` iw.Z gksus ls d`'ehj js¥ lEidZ` ;kstuk ds` 119 fd`eh ¥Ecs ckjkew¥k-d`kthxqaM js¥ [≥M d`k d`k;Z iwjk gks x;k gS\ 11 vDVwcj] 2008 d`ks ^|kuea(h eueksgu flag us bl js¥ekxZ ds` ukSxke ·Jhuxj‚ LVs'ku ij gjh >aMh fn[kd`j ig¥h js¥xkÈMh d`ks jokuk fd`;k Fkk] ftlls cÈMxke ft¥s ds` jktoa'ksj LVs'ku ls ukSxke ·Jhuxj‚ gksrs gq, vuarukx rd` Mh,e;w ·Mht¥ efYVfi¥ ;wfuV‚ js¥xkÈMh d`k ^pk¥u 12 vDVwcj] 2008 ls 'kqÔ gks x;k Fkk\

d`ks ^kIr gks lds`xk] tcfd` 1990 eÍ fufeZr ,;jcl foekukÍ ls dq`N d`e jkf'k iVΩVs ds` fd`jk, ds` Ôi eÍ ^kIr gks lds`xh\

Hkjrh o ,eVh,u fo¥; okrkZ d`k fuÆœ`¥ lekiu n\ v≠`hd`k d`h nwjlapkj ”s( d`h d`Eiuh ,eVh,u ds` lkƒ Hkjr d`h Hkjrh ,;jVs¥ d`h fo¥; okrkZ xr 30 flrEcj d`ks fu÷kkZfjr le; lhek ls iwoZ gh lekIr gks xbZ\ n\ v≠`hd`h ljd`kj ds` ^frdw`¥ joS, ds` p¥rs ^Lrkfor fo¥; d`ks vatke ugÓ fn;k tk ld`k\ ;g nwljk volj gS tc nksukÍ d`Eifu;kÍ d`h fo¥; okrkZ foœ`¥ jgh gS\

d`iÈMk lfefr d`k iquxZBu

vU; egRoiw.Z rF;

ds`Unzh; d`iÈMk ea(k¥; ds` v|hu d`k;ZjrΩ d`iÈMk lfefr (Textile Committee) d`k iquxZBu xr vDVwcj ekg eÍ fd`;k x;k gS\ enqjS ^|kuea(h eueksgu flag us tEew- lkr foeku iVΩVs ij nsus d`h ,;j bafM;k fLFkr F;kxjkt feYl ds` ^cU| funs'kd` Vh\ d`'ehj eÍ ckjkew¥k-d`kthxqaM js¥ekxZ ds` d`h ;kstuk d`Uuu d`ks vc bl lfefr d`k ^eq[ cuk;k fo®h; lad`V ls tw> jgh foeku lsok x;k gS\ vuarukx-d`kthxqaM [≥M d`k ¥ksd`kiZ. 28 ,;j bafM;k foekukÍ ds` vius csÈMs eÍ ls vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks fd`;k\ bl volj ij d`Eiuh lkr foeku iVΩVs (Lease) ij nsus d`h bPNqd` Hkjr bLikr d`k rhljk cÈMk mRiknd` vuarukx eÍ vk;ksftr lekjksg eÍ ^|kuea(h gS\ bueÍ ¥Ech nwjh rd` mÈMku Hjus ok¥s rhu cuk ds` vfrfjDr js¥ ea(h eerk cuthZ] LokLF; u, cksbax-777-200 foeku o 4 iqjkus ,;jclrktk mi¥C| vk∑d`ÈMkÍ ds` vuqlkj pk¥w ea(h xq¥ke uoh vktkn] v{k; ˜tkZ ea(h 310-304 foeku 'kkfe¥ gß\ blls ,;j bafM;k o"Z 2009 eÍ Hkjr fo'o eÍ bLikr d`k rhljk œ`k:[ vCnqY¥k o ^|kuea(h d`k;kZ¥; ds` d`ks dq`N jkf'k ^kIr gks lds`xh\ iVΩVs ij foeku cÈMk mRiknd` gks x;k gS\ bl eke¥s eÍ ig¥s us ok¥h bPNqd` d`Eifu;kÍ ls cksf¥;k∑ ,;j nks LFkku dz`e'k# phu o tkiku ds` gß\ vejhd`k jkT; ea(h i~Fohjkt pkSgku ds` vfrfjDr ¥s bafM;k us vDVwcj 2009 eÍ vkeaf(r d`h gß\ o Ôl tks fiN¥s o"Z 2008 eÍ dz`e'k# rhljs o ;wih, v÷;{k lksfu;k xka|h Hh mifLFkr FkÓ\ iVΩVs gsrq ^Lrqr fd`, x, foekukÍ eÍ cksbax pkSFks LFkku ij Fks] 2009 eÍ bl o"Z mRiknu eÍ leqnz r¥ ls 5166 œq`V ˜∑pkbZ ij fLFkr ;g foeku 2007 eÍ fufeZr gß] ftuls ¥xHx 10 Hkjh d`eh ds` d`kj. Hkjr d`h fLFkfr uEcj ●●● js¥ [≥M Hkjr eÍ lokZf|d` ˜∑pkbZ ij fLFkr ¥k[ MkW¥j ^fr foeku fd`jk;k ,;j bafM;k rhu cuh gS\

d`k vfrfjâ`kad` ijh{kksi;ksxh lhjht-7 Volume 3

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izfr;ksfxrk niZ. d`k ;g vfrfjâ`kad` lelkef;d` ?Vukdz`e ,oa v»ru lkekU; Kku] vkfFkZd` ,oa okf.fT;d` {ks( ds` v»ru Kku ,oa uohure lelkef;d` lkekU; Kku d`ks lefiZr gS\ bleÍ uohure jkÆV_h;] vUrjkZÆV_h; ifjn~';kÍ] dz`hÈMk txrΩ d`h egRoiw.Z ?VukvkÍ] lelkef;d` egRoiw.Z rF;kÍ rFkk okf.fT;d` {ks( ds` d`k;Zd`¥kikÍ d`k o~grΩ vk|kj ij o.Zu ,oa fo'¥s". fd`;k x;k gS\ ijh{kk d`h n~fÆV ls egRoiw.Z KkuktZu d`jkus ds` f¥, ;g vad` cstksÈM gS\

izfr;ksfxrk niZ.] vkxjk-2

E-mail : [email protected] Website : www.pdgroup.in

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/845

'kCn la{ksi (Abbreviations)

vkj\th\th\,¥\oh\%jktho xka|h xzkeh. ,¥\ih\th\ forjd` ;kstuk RGGLV—Rajiv Gandhi Gramin LPG Vitrak Scheme

O;k“;k%xzkeh. {ks(kÍ eÍ ijEijkxr pwYgkÍ o ds`jksflu d`k mi;ksx d`e d`j ,¥\ ih\ th\ ds` mi;ksx d`ks cÈ
gsrq oh\ lqcS;k d`ks bl fuxe d`k v÷;{k cuk;k x;k gS\ bld`h bZfDoVh eÍ lkoZtfud` o futh {ks( d`h fgLlsnkjh ∂`eæ# 49 ^frær o 51 ^frær gS\ bld`k æqHkjEH fo® ea(h ^.c eq[thZ us ubZ fnY¥h eÍ 20 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks fd`;k\ vCnqY¥k fcu vCnq¥ jgeku%bL¥keh fu;qfDr;k¡ nsækÍ ds` 57 lnL;h; laxBu vksvkbZlh (Appointments)

(OIC–Organisation of Islamic Countries) us l˜nh vjc ds` vCnqY¥k fcu

vk¥ksd` ^lkn%Hkjrh; fonsæ lsok vCnq¥ jgeku d`ks tEew-d`'ehj eke¥s eÍ ds` ofjÆB vf|d`kjh o Jh¥ad`k eÍ Hkjrh; viuk foæs" nwr flrEcj 2009 eÍ fu;qDr jktnwr vk¥ksd` ^lkn d`ks vc mijkÆV_h; fd`;k gS\ lqj{kk l¥kgd`kj fu;qDr fd`;k x;k gS\ lSe fi(kSnk vk|kfjd` lajpuk] bl in ij mud`h fu;qfDr fœ`¥gk¥ nks uo^orZu o lwpuk ij ^|kuea(h o"Z ds` f¥, vDVwcj 2009 eÍ d`h xbZ gS\

ds` l¥kgd`kj fu;qDr tSDl jksxs ¥xkrkj rhljs d`k;Zd`k¥ gsrq vUrjkZÆV_h; vks¥fEid` lfefr ds` v÷;{k iqufuZokZfpr vUrjkZÆV_h; vks¥fEid lfefr (IOC) ds` v÷;{k` tSDl jksxs (Jacques Rogge) pkj o"Z ds` ¥xkrkj rhljs d`k;Zd`k¥ ds` f¥, bl lfefr ds` v÷;{k xr vDVwcj`ekg`eÍ fuokZfpr gq, gß\ bl in gsrq mud`k` ;g` pquko` d`ksisugsxu eÍ 9 vDVwcj` d`ks gqvk `gS\ 2001 tSDl jksxs eÍ` tqvku ,aVksfu;ks lekjkap `ds` Lƒku ij mUgÍ vUrjkZÆV_h; vks¥fEid` lfefr d`k v÷;{k cuk;k x;k ƒk\ lekjkap 21 o"Z rd` vkbZvkslh ds` v÷;{k jgs ƒs\

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/846

jkÆV_h; Kku vk;ksx ds` v÷;{k lSe fi(kSnk (Sam Pitroda) d`ks vk|kfjd`` lajpuk]`uo^orZu o lwpuk (Infrastructure Innovation and Information) ij ^|kuea(h d`k

vkfƒZd` l¥kgd`kj xr 6 vDVw c j d`ks fu;qDr fd`;k x;k gS\ vkbZVh foæs"K fi(kSnk d`ks bl lSe fi(kSnk in ij` dS`fcusV ea(h d`k ntkZ ^nku fd`;k x;k gS\ bl u, nkf;Ro ds` lkƒ gh jkÆV_h; Kku vk;ksx (National Knowledge Commission) ds` v÷;{k Hh og cus jgÍsxs\

;ksxsUnz dq`ekj%Hkjrh; fonsæ lsok ds` ;ksxsUnz dq`ekj d`ks fœ`¥hihal eÍ Hkjr d`k

u;k jktnwr vDVwcj 2009 eÍ fu;qDr fd`;k x;k gS\ bl in ij jthr fe®j d`k Lƒku og ¥Íxs\ bl fu;qfDr ls iwoZ Jh ;ksxsUnz dq`ekj fonsæ ea(k¥; eÍ vfrfjDr lfpo ƒs\ fuf[¥ dq`ekj uxk¥S≥M ds` o d`e¥k csuhok¥ f(iqjk d`h ubZ jkT;ik¥%fnY¥h ds` iwoZ iqf¥l d`fe'uj o iwoZ lkaln fuf[¥ dq`ekj d`ks uxk¥S≥M d`k rƒk jktLƒku d`kaxzsl d`h ofjÆB usrk MkW\ d`e¥k csuhok¥ d`ks f(iqjk d`h ubZ jkT;ik¥ ds` Ôi eÍ fu;qfDr vDVwcj 2009 eÍ ^nku d`h xbZ gS\ ef.iqj ds` jkT;ik¥ xqjcpu txr vfrfjDr ^Hkj ds` Ôi eÍ uxk¥S≥M ds` jkT;ik¥ d`k d`k;ZHkj blls iwoZ l∑Hk¥s gq, ƒs\ jktLƒku eÍ væksd` xg¥ksr d`h iwoZ ljd`kj eÍ mieq“;ea(h jgÓ MkW\ d`e¥k csuhok¥ us f(iqjk ds` jkT;ik¥ in ij fnusæ uanu lgk; d`k Lƒku f¥;k gS\ nksukÍ uofu;qDr jkT;ik¥kÍ us vius ;g d`k;ZHkj vDVwcj ekg eÍ l∑Hk¥ f¥, gß\ ehjk dq`ekj vUrlÛlnh; la? d`h ,fæ;k ^ækUr xzqi d`h v÷;{k%¥ksd` lHk v÷;{k ehjk dq`ekj vx¥s o"Z ls vUrlÛlnh; la? (IPU) ds` ,fæ;k iSflfœ`d` thvks\ ikWf¥Vhd`¥ xzqi d`h v÷;{k gkÍxh\ bl nkf;Ro ds` f¥, mud`k pquko vDVwcj 2009 eÍ tsusok eÍ vUrlÛlnh; la? d`h 121 oÓ lHk eÍ fd`;k x;k gS\ Hkjr ds` MkW\ ds`ru nslkbZ fo'o fpfd`Rlk la? ds` v÷;{k fuokZfpr% Hkjrh; fpfd`Rlk ifj"nΩ (MCI) ds ` v÷;{k MkW\ ds`ru nslkbZ d`ks fo'o fpfd`Rlk la? (WMA) d`k v÷;{k vDVwcj 2009 eÍ pquk x;k gS\ mud`k ;g loZlEer pquko 94 nsækÍ ds` MCY;w\ ,e\ ,\ d`h ubZ fnY¥h eÍ lEiUu vke lHk eÍ fd`;k x;k\ ew¥r# vgenkckn ds` chts esfMd`¥ d`kW¥st eÍ ;wjks¥kWth foHkx ds` ^eq[ MkW\ ds`ru nslkbZ MCY;w\ ,e\ ,\ ds` v÷;{k cuus ok¥s nwljs Hkjrh; gß\ muls iwoZ Hkjr ds` ,\ ds`\ ,u\ flUgk 1982 eÍ blds` v÷;{k jg pqds` gß\ tkWtZ iikafM_;q%vDVw c j 2009 eÍ ;wuku (Greece) eÍ lEiUu lalnh; pqukokÍ eÍ lektokfn;kÍ d`h fot; ds ` ckn fuorZeku ^|kuea(h d`ksLrkl d`jkeuf¥l (Costas Karamanlis) d`ks vinLƒ d`j tkWtZ iikafM_;q (George Papandreou) u, ^|kuea(h ogk∑ cus gß\ 57 o"hZ; iikafM_;q nsæ ds` ,d` iwoZ ^|kuea(h ds` iq( o ,d` vU; iwoZ ^|kuea(h ds` ikS( gß\ lh\ ds`\ ^g¥kn%fczVsu eÍ fefæxu fo'ofo»k¥; (Michigan University) eÍ jkWl Ldw`¥ vkWœ` fcftust eÍ d`k;ZjrΩ

fu;qfDr d`h ?ks".k vDVwcj 2009 eÍ d`h xbZ gS \ ,Mfej¥ es g rk 31 vDVwcj] 2006–31 vxLr] 2009 ds` nkSjku Hkjrh; ukSlsuk ds` ^eq[ jgs ƒs\ ds`\` jk|kÎ`Æ.u ‘bljks’` ds` u, v÷;{k`%`fr:vuUriqjeΩ fLƒr fo∂`e lkjkHkbZ Lisl lÍVj ds` funsæd` ds`\ jk|kÎ`Æ.u `Hkjrh; `vUrfj{k vuqlU|ku` laxBu `(ISRO) ds` u, Lokfr ihjke¥ ,lkspSe d`h ig¥h v÷;{k` cuk, x, gß\ efg¥k v÷;{k bl in ij th\ ek|ou ihjke¥ gSYƒ ds`;j d`h Mk;jsDVj uk;j] tks 31 vDVwcj Lokfr ihjke¥ m»ksx O;kikj txrΩ ds` laxBu d`ks lsokfuo~® gq, gß] ,lkspSe (ASSOCHAM) d`h v÷;{k l( d`k Lƒku mUgkÍus f¥;k `2009-10 ds` f¥, pquh gS\ Jh jk|kÎ`Æ.u d`h xbZ gß\ bl in ij ds\ jk|kÎ`Æ.u bl fu;qfDr ds` ckn lTtu ftan¥`d`k`Lƒku mUgkÍus f¥;k gS\ blls fo∂`e lkjkHkbZ Lisl lÍVj d`k funsæd` iwoZ og bl laxBu `d`h vc ih\ ,l\ ohjkjk?ou d`ks cuk;k x;k ofjÆB mik÷;{k ƒÓ\ gS] tks blls iwoZ bljks ds` fr:vuUriqjeΩ m»ksx O;kikj txrΩ ds` fLƒr bljks baVjV_k;¥ flLVEl f¥\ ds` bl laxBu d`h v÷;{k funsæd` ƒs\ Lokfr ihjke¥ cuus ok¥h og ig¥h fÈ t us b¥ ,fcnhu cs u v¥h% efg¥k gß\ muls iwoZ lq"ek cjf¥;k m»ksx VΩ;wfufæ;k ds` jkÆV_ifr fÈtus b¥ ,fcnhu O;kikj txrΩ ds` ,d` vU; laxBu ih\,p\Mh\ lh\lh\vkbZ d`h v÷;{k jg pqd`h gß] fd`Urq csu v¥h (Zine El Abidine Ben Ali) ;g laxBu m®jh Hkjr ds` m»ksxkÍ d`k gh d`ks ¥xkrkj ik∑poÍ d`k;Zd`k¥ ds` f¥, bl laxBu gS] tcfd` ,lkspSe nsæO;kih m»ksx in ij xr vDVwcj ekg eÍ pquk x;k gS\ ,d`rjœ`k pquko eÍ 89 ^frær er laxBu gS\ mUgkÍus ^kIr fd`,] tcfd`` muds`` fud`Vre 9 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks ubZ fnY¥h eÍ ,slkspSe d`h 88 oÓ okf"Zd` cSBd` eÍ lEiUu ^fr}U}h d`ks 5 ^frær er bl pquko eÍ bl pquko eÍ Likbl d`kWiZ f¥\ ds` fn¥hi fe¥s\ 1987 eÍ ,d` jDrghu ∂`kfUr ds` }kjk eksnh d`ks bl laxBu d`k ofjÆB mik÷;{k l®klhu gksus ok¥s csu v¥h d`ks fiN¥h rƒk ohfM;ksd`kWu xzqi ds` jktdq`ekj |wr d`ks ckj 2004 eÍ 94 ^frær er pquko eÍ ^kIr mik÷;{k pquk x;k gS\ gq, ƒs\ lqjhæ esgrk%lsokfuo~® ukSlsuk÷;{k ds`\ vkj\ d`keƒ%b¥kgkckn cßd` ds` ,Mfej¥ lqjhæ esgrk U;wth¥S≥M eÍ Hkjr ps;jeSu lg ^cU| funsæd` (CMD) ds`\ ds` u, mPpk;qDr gkÍxs\` bl in ij mud`h vkj\ d`keƒ d`ks vc iatkc usæu¥ cßd` eÍ eSustesUV ds` ^ks\ lh\ ds`\ ^g¥kn d`ks ,d` f}okf"Zd` er losZ{k. ds` vk|kj ij fo'o d`k lokZf|d` ^Hkoæk¥h ‘eSustesUV fƒad`j’ ¥xkrkj nwljh ckj ?ksf"r fd`;k x;k gS\ KkrO; gS fd` Hkjr ljd`kj us ^ks\ ^g¥kn d`ks bl o"Z ^oklh Hkjrh; lEeku vokMZ rƒk inΩeHw". ls lEekfur fd`;k ƒk\

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/847

blh in ij vDVwcj 2009 eÍ fu;qDr fd`;k x;k gS\ ebZ 2006 eÍ cßd` vkWœ` bafM;k eÍ d`k;Zd`kjh funsæd` cuus ds` ckn 2 vxLr] 2008 ls og b¥kgkckn cßd` eÍ lh\,e\Mh\ ƒs\ iatkc usæu¥ cßd` eÍ ps;jeSu lg ^cU| funsæd` ds` Ôi eÍ mUgkÍus 28 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks d`k;ZHkj xzg. fd`;k gS\ bl in ij mud`h fu;qfDr ik∑p o"Z ds` f¥, d`h xbZ gS\ lqchj xksd`.Z%X¥ksc¥ ∂s`fMV jsfVax ,tÍlh LVS≥MMZ ,≥M iwvlZ (S&P) ds` ,fæ;k ^ækUr `{ks( `ds``` eq“; `vƒZækL(h Hkjrh; fjtoZ cß d ` (RBI) ds` pkSƒs fMIVh xouZj gkÍxs\ bl in ij jkds`æ eksgu] ftUgkÍus viuk d`k;Zd`k¥ iwjk gksus ls iwoZ gh twu 2009 eÍ bl lqchj xksd`.Z in ls R;kxi( ns fn;k ƒk] d`k Lƒku og ¥Íxs\ lqchj xksd`.Z }kjk ;g d`k;ZHkj xzg. d`jus ds` i'pkrΩ vkj\ch\vkbZ\ eÍ fMIVh xouZj ds` lHh pkj in Hj tk,axs\ rhu vU; fMIVh xouZj ˜"k ƒksjkV] ';ke¥k xksihukƒ o ds`\ lh\ p∂`orhZ gß\ ds`\ lh\ p∂`orhZ d`ks twu 2009 eÍ gh fjtoZ cßd` d`k fMIVh xouZj fu;qDr fd`;k x;k ƒk\

iqjLdkj@lEeku (Awards/Honours)

bafnjk xka÷kh jkÆV_h; ,d`rk iqjLd`kj i(d`kj vkSj inΩeHw". ls lEekfur ekuokf÷kd`kj d`k;Zd`rkZ c¥jkt iqjh d`ks d`kaxzsl ikVhZ }kjk Lƒkfir 24 ok∑ (2008) %tkus–ekus

bafnjk xka÷kh jkÆV_h; ,d`rk iqjLd`kj fn;k x;k gS\ jkÆV_h; ,d`rk ds` f¥, d`h xbZ lsokvkÍ d`ks ^ksUur ,oa lajf”r d`jus ds` f¥, o"Z 2008 d`k ;g iqjLd`kj d`kaxzsl v÷;” Jherh lksfu;k xka÷kh us 31 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks bafnjkth d`h iq≥; frfƒ ij mUgÍ ^nku fd`;k\ bl iqjLd`kj ds` rgrΩ ^æfLr i( ds` lkƒ ik∑p ¥k[ :i, d`h ud`n jkfæ ^nku d`h tkrh gS\ jkÆV_h; ,d`rk vkSj lnΩHko d`ks cuk, j[us ds` f¥, d`kaxzsl us viuh Lƒkiuk ds` ærkCnh o"Z eÍ bafnjk xka|h jkÆV_h; ,d`rk iqjLd`kj d`h Lƒkiuk d`h ƒh\ iwoZ o"ksÛ eÍ ;g iqjLd`kj v:.k vklœ` v¥h] Hkjr Ld`kmV ,≥M xkbM] ih,u gDlj] ,e\,l\ lqCc¥{eh] jktho xka|h] csvar flag] ,ihts vCnq¥ d`¥ke] æad`j n;k¥ æekZ] lrhæ |ou] ';ke csusx¥] egk'osrk nsoh] tkosn v“rj vkSj d`Lrwjck xka|h usæu¥ eseksfj;¥ V_LV] bankSj d`ks fn;k tk pqd`k gS\

lqczr ik¥ o"Z 2009 ds` loZJsÆB Hkjrh; œq`Vck¥j%Hkjrh; œq`Vck¥ Vhe ds` xks¥d`hij lqczr ik¥ d`ks vf[¥ Hkjrh; œq`Vck¥ egkla? (AIFF) us bl o"Z ds` loZJsÆB Hkjrh; œq`Vck¥j (Footballer of the year) ds` Ôi eÍ iqjLÎ`r fd`;k gS\ mUgÍ ;g iqjLd`kj 21 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks ubZ fnY¥h eÍ ,\ vkbZ\ ,œ`\ ,œ`\

isV_ksf¥;e LiksVΩlZ ^eksæu cksMZ ds` [s¥ iqjLd`kj

lqczr ik¥

fofHUu [s¥kÍ eÍ mRÎ`ÆV ^næZu d`jus ok¥s`vius mRÎ`ÆV f[¥kfÈM;kÍ`d`ks isV_ksf¥;e LiksVΩlZ ^eksæu cksMZ (PSPB) us xr 21 vDVwcj d`ks ubZ fnY¥h eÍ ,d` lekjksg eÍ iqjLÎ`r fd`;k\ o"Z 2007-08 o 2008-09 ds``f¥, ;g`iqjLd`kj fuEuf¥f[r`f[¥kfÈM;kÍ d`ks ^nku fd`, x,% iqjLd`kj LiksVΩlZ ilZu vkWœ` n bZ;j ,¥kbV LiksVΩlZ ilZu vkWœ` n bZ;j

esfjVksfj;l LiksVΩlZ ilZu vkWœ` n bZ;j

¥kbœ` Vkbe ,phoesUV iqjLd`kj

ds` uofuokZfpr v÷;{k ^œq`Y¥ iVs¥ us ^nku fd`;k\ iqjLd`kj `ds` rgrΩ 5 ¥k[ :i, d`h jkfæ mUgÍ ^nku d`h xbZ\ mUgÍ ;g iqjLd`kj ^nku d`jrs gq, ,\ vkbZ\ ,œ`\ ,œ`\ ds` v÷;{k `^œq`Y¥ iVs¥ us `d`gk `fd` vxLr 2009 eÍ usgÔ d`i VwukZesUV eÍ Hkjr d`h f[rkch fot; eÍ xks¥d`hij lqczr ik¥ d`h egRoiw.Z Hwfed`k jgh ƒh\ 2008-09

iad`t vkMok.h ·fcf¥;MΩlZ ,oa Luwd`j‚`,oa ohjsUnz lgokx ·f∂`ds`V‚ fp(k ds` lkseu ·,ƒ¥sfVDl‚] ,\``æjr d`e¥ ·Vsc¥ Vsful‚] ^Htksr flag ·gkWd`h‚ ,oa xkSre xEHhj ·f∂`ds`V‚ jktik¥ flag ·gkWd`h‚] d`ksusÔ gEih ·ærjat‚] rq"kj [kaMsd`j ·gkWd`h‚] bZækar æekZ ·f∂`ds`V‚ ,oa vfHthr xqIrk ·ærjat‚ eksukf¥lk esgrk ·Vsc¥ Vsful‚

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/848

fczVsu d`h fg¥sjh ekaVs¥ d`ks eku cqd`j iqjLd`kj%2009 lkfgR; ds` {ks( d`k ^frfÆBr eku cqd`j iqjLd`kj o"Z 2009 ds` f¥, fczfVæ ¥sf[d`k fg¥sjh ekaVs¥ (Hilary Mantel) d`ks mud`h iqLrd` oqYœ` gkW¥ (Wolf Hall) ds` f¥, fn;k x;k gS\ bl iqjLd`kj ds` rgrΩ 50 gtkj ikmaM d`h jkfæ mUgÍ 6 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks ¥anu eÍ fxYM` gkW¥ eÍ vk;ksftr lekjksg``eÍ ^nku d`h xbZ\

2007-08

100 vUrjkZÆV_h; eSp [s¥us ok¥s ig¥s Hkjrh; œq`Vck¥j ckbpqax HwfV;k d`k lEeku% 100 vUrjkZÆV_h; eSp [s¥us ok¥s ig¥s o ,d`ek( Hkjrh; œq`Vck¥j ckbpqax HwfV;k d`ks mud`h bl mi¥fC| ds` f¥, vf[¥ Hkjrh; œq`Vck¥ egkla? (AIFF) us 21 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks ubZ fnY¥h eÍ lEekfur fd`;k\ blds` f¥, Lo.ZflDds` ds` lkƒ 5 ¥k[ :i, d`h jkfæ mUgÍ ^nku d`h xbZ\ Hkjrh; Vhe ds` d`Irku ckbpqax HwfV;k us viuk 100ok∑ vUrjkZÆV_h; eSp vxLr 2009 eÍ usgÔ d`i VwukZesUV ds` nkSjku [s¥k ƒk rƒk ,slh mi¥fC| ok¥s og Hkjr ds` ,d`ek( œq`Vck¥j gß\

v¥ glu d`ks xr 8 vDVwcj eÍ ¥anu eÍ fotMsu f∂`ds`V ds` VsLV I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j ?ksf"r fd`;k x;k\ vad`kÍ ds` vk|kj ij fd`, x, bl p;u eÍ lfpu rÍnq¥d`j] xkSre xEHhj o xzhe fLeƒ tSls |qjU|j f∂`ds`VjkÍ d`ks mUgkÍus ihNs NksÈMk gS\

lkbuk usgok¥ ·cSMfeaVu‚ fg¥sjh ekaVs¥

iad`t`vkMok.h`·fcf¥;MΩlZ ,oa Luwd`j‚] xkSre xEHhj ·f∂`ds`V‚] vuwi Jh|j ·cSMfeaVu‚ ,oa vfHthr xqIrk ·ærjat‚ psru vkuan ·cSMfeaVu‚ bZækUr æekZ ·f∂`ds`V‚] c¥thr flag o oh\ j?qukƒ ·gkWd`h‚ ,oa ,\ æjr d`e¥ ·Vsc¥ Vsful‚ jksfe;ks tsEl ·gkWd`h‚

t;iqj d`h ^ks\ vkæk ik≥Ms d`ks ≠`kal d`k loksZPp f¥tu fM vkWuj lEeku% jktLƒku fo'ofo»k¥; eÍ fonsæh Hk"k foHkx d`h ^ks\ vkæk ik≥Ms d`ks ≠`kal ds` loksZPp lEeku ‘f¥tu fM vkWuj`‘ ds` f¥, p;u fd`;k x;k gS\ MkW\ vkæk ik≥Ms d`ks ;g iqjLd`kj ≠`kal d`h æS{kf.d` ,oa lkaLÎ`frd` xfrfof|;kÍ d`ks ^ksRlkfgr d`jus ds` f¥, fn;k tk jgk gS\ b≥Mks-≠Í`p d`Ypj¥ lkslk;Vh d`h laLƒkid` MkW\ vkæk ik≥Ms foxr 27 o"ksÛ ls bl {ks( eÍ d`k;Z d`j jgh gß\ fotMsu ds` VsLV I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j%ckaX¥knsæ ds` vkW¥ jkmaMj ækfd`c

blls iwoZ] fiN¥s o"Z (2008 eÍ‚ ;g iqjLd`kj Hkjr ds vjfoUn vfMx d`ks muds` ig¥s gh miU;kl ‘n OgkbV Vkbxj’ (The White Tiger) ds` f¥, fn;k x;k ƒk\ vjfoUn vfMx ls iwoZ Hkjrh;/ Hkjrh; ew¥ ds` oh\ ,l\ uk;ikW¥ d`ks 1971 eÍ bu , ≠`h LVsV ds` f¥, l¥eku j'nh d`ks 1981 eÍ feMukbVΩl fpYM_su ds` f¥,] v:a|fr jkW; d`ks 1997 eÍ n xkWM vkWœ LekW¥ fƒaXl ds` f¥, rƒk fd`j. nslkbZ d`ks 2006 eÍ n bugSfjVÍl vkWœ` ¥kWl ds` f¥, ;g iqjLd`kj ^nku fd`;k x;k ƒk\ 2009 ds` cqd`j iqjLd`kj ds` f¥, fg¥sjh ekaVs¥ d`h `‘oqYœ` gkW¥’ `ds` vfrfjDr ftu ik∑p vU; iqLrd`kÍ d`ks vYilwphc* (Shortlist) fd`;k x;k ƒk] mueÍ ts\ ,e\ d`ks,VΩth (J. M. Coetzee) d`h lejVkbe] ,Me œ`ksYMΩl (Adam Foulds) d`h n fDod`fuax est] fleks u ekos j (Simon Mawer) d`h n X¥kl Ôe] lkjkg okVlZ (Sarah Waters) d`h n f¥fV¥ LV_Ítj o ,\ ,l\ C;kV (A. S. Byatt) d`h n fpYM_Íl cqd` Hh ækfe¥ ƒÓ] fd`Urq iqjLd`kj gsrq vfUre p;u ‘oqYœ` gkW¥’ d`k fd`;k x;k\ fg¥sjh ekaVs¥ d`k ;g miU;kl 1520 bZ\ d`h i~ÆBHwfe ij vk|kfjr gS\

ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj–2009 : Hkjrh; ew¥ ds` oh\ jkeÎ`Æ.u iqjLd`kj fotsrkvkÍ eÍ ækfe¥ o"Z 2009 ds` ukscs¥ iqjLd`kjkÍ d`h ?ks".k vDVwcj 2009 eÍ fofHUu frfƒ;kÍ d`ks d`h xbZ\ ækafr ds` ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj d`h ?ks".k ukWosZ eÍ vksL¥ks (Oslo) eÍ o vU; iqjLd`kjkÍ d`h ?ks".k Lohl eÍ LVkWd`gkse eÍ d`h xbZ\ bl o"Z ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj ikus ok¥kÍ eÍ Hkjrh; ew¥ ds` vejhd`h oSKkfud` oÍd`Vjeu jkeÎ`Æ.u Hh ækfe¥ gß] ftUgÍ jlk;u foKku ds` {ks( d`k ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj nks vU; oSKkfud`kÍ ds` lkƒ la;qDr Ôi ls fn;k x;k gS\ ækfUr d`k ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj vejhd`h jkÆV_ifr cjkd` vksckek d`ks fn;k x;k gS\ bl `o"Z ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj ikus ok¥kÍ eÍ `fjd`kWMZ 5 efg¥k,a `ækfe¥ gß\ ,d`-,d` d`jksÈM ∂`ksuj ·¥xHx 14-14 ¥k[ MkW¥j‚ d`k ;g iqjLd`kj lHh iqjLÎ`rkÍ d`ks 10 fnlEcj] 2009 d`ks ,Y≠s`M ukscs¥ d`h iq≥; frfƒ ij fn;k tk,xk\ iqjLd`kj ds` f¥, pqus x, O;fDr;kÍ ds` uke fuEuf¥f[r gß% ækfUr%vejhd`k ds` jkÆV_ifr cjkd` vksckek d`ks o"Z 2009 d`k ukscs¥ ækfUr iqjLd`kj ^nku d`jus d`h ?ks".k ukscs¥ lfefr us 8 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks ukWosZ eÍ vkWL¥ks (Oslo) eÍ d`h\ jkÆV_ifr ds` Ôi eÍ d`k;ZHkj l∑Hk¥us ds` ds`o¥ 9 ekg ds` Hhrj vUrjkZÆV_h; dw`Vuhfr d`ks etcwrh nsus ds` muds` ^;klkÍ ds` f¥, ,d``d`jksÈM ∂`ksuj`d`k `;g iqjLd`kj mUgÍ ^nku d`jus d`k œS`l¥k ukscs¥ lfefr us fd`;k gS\ iqjLd`kj d`h ?ks".k d`jrs gq, ukscs¥ lfefr us d`gk fd` vksckek us crkSj vejhd`h jkÆV_ifr vUrjkZÆV_h; jktuhfr eÍ u;k ekgkS¥ fod`flr fd`;k gS\ lfefr us vksckek ds` ijek.q gfƒ;kj eqDr fo'o ds` n~fÆVd`ks. d`h Hh ^æalk d`h\ oDrO; ds` vuqlkj vksckek d`h d`ksfæækÍ ds` d`kj. gh cgqi{kh; dw`Vuhfr ds`Unz eÍ `vkbZ` gS vkSj bleÍ `,slh `Hwfed`k cjkd` vksckek ij tksj fn;k x;k gS ftls la;qDr jkÆV_ rƒk vU; vUrjkZÆV_h; laLƒku fuHk ldÍ`\ vksckek vejhd`k ds` ,sls pkSƒs jkÆV_ifr gß] ftUgÍ ukscs¥ ækfUr iqjLd`kj ^nku fd`;k x;k gS\ iqjLd`kj ds` rgrΩ ^kIr gksus ok¥h ,d` d`jksÈM ∂`ksuj ·¥xHx 14 ¥k[ MkW¥j‚ d`h jkfæ ijekƒZ laLƒkvkÍ d`ks nku d`jus d`h ?ks".k vksckek us d`h gS\ lkfgR;%lkfgR; ds` {ks( d`k bl o"Z d`k ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj Ôekfu;k ew¥ d`h teZu lkfgR;d`kj gsVkZ E;w,¥j (Herta Mueller) d`ks fn;k x;k gS\ bl iqjLd`kj gsrq mud`s` uke d`h ?ks".k LohfMæ ,ds`Meh us 8 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks LVkWd`gkse eÍ d`h\ 10 o"Z ds` vUrjk¥ ds` i'pkrΩ teZuh ds` fd`lh lkfgR;d`kj d`ks ;g iqjLd`kj fn;k x;k gS\ blls iwoZ 1999 eÍ teZuh ds` xqaVqj xzkl d`ks ;g iqjLd`kj fn;k x;k ƒk\ Ôekfu;k ds` rRd`k¥hu lkE;oknh rkukækgh d`h vk¥kspd` jgh E;w,¥j d`h Î`fr;kÍ d`ks tgk∑ Ôekfu;k eÍ ^frcfU|r fd`;k tkrk jgk ƒk] ogÓ teZuh eÍ ;g Hkjh ^æaflr jgÓ\ Ôekfu;k eÍ tUeh E;w , ¥j d`h ig¥h iq L rd` ‘ukbns Ô a x s u ’ ;k ‘¥ks¥ßMΩl’ uke ls 1982 eÍ ^d`kfær gqbZ ƒh\ teZu eÍ f¥[h ;g iqLrd` NksVh-NksVh d`gkfu;kÍ d`k lad`¥u ƒh ftl ij Ôekfu;k d`h rRd`k¥hu d`E;qfuLV ljd`kj us``^frcU| ¥xk`fn;k ƒk\ 1984 gsVkZ E;w,¥j eÍ ;g iqLrd` `teZuh `eÍ ^d`kfær d`h xbZ\` tgk∑ ¥ksxkÍ us bls gkƒkÍgkƒ f¥;k\ blds` ckn ew¥j us ‘M_dÍ`Mj Vßxks’ f¥[h\ bl ij Hh Ôekfu;k ljd`kj us ^frcU| ¥xk;k] ¥sfd`u teZuh eÍ bls d`kœ`h ¥ksd`f^;rk fe¥h\ Ôekfu;k ljd`kj d`h uhfr;kÍ d`h lkoZtfud` Ôi ls vk¥kspuk d`jus ds` p¥rs ew¥j d`ks 1987 eÍ vius ifr ds` lkƒ Ôekfu;k NksÈMd`j teZuh eÍ æj. ¥suh iÈMh\ fœ`¥gk¥ og cf¥Zu eÍ jg jgh gß\ jlk;u foKku%jlk;u foKku d`k ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj ftu rhu oSKkfud`kÍ d`ks bl o"Z `fn;k x;k gS] `mueÍ Hkjrh; `ew¥ ds` `vejhd`h oSKkfud` oÍd`Vjeu jkeÎ`Æ.u ækfe¥ gß\ 57 o"hZ; jkeÎ`Æ.u d`k tUe 1952 eÍ rfe¥ukMq eÍ fpnEcje eÍ gqvk ƒk\ 1971 eÍ oÈMksnjk fo'ofo»k¥; ls ch\,l-lh\ d`jus ds` i'pkrΩ og`vejhd`k p¥s x, ƒs tgk∑ vksfg;ks fo'ofo»k¥; ls HkSfrd` foKku eÍ ih-,p\Mh\ d`h fMxzh mUgkÍus ^kIr d`h\ muds` æks| {ks(kÍ eÍ ck;ksfœ`ftDl] ck;ksdS`feLV_h o d`EI;wVsæu¥ ck;ks¥kWth ækfe¥ gß\ dS`fEczt fLƒr ekW¥hD;w¥j`fjlpZ d`kmafl¥ (MCR) eÍ d`k;ZjrΩ oÍd`Vjeu d`ks vejhd`k ds` ƒkWel bZ LVsRt (Thomas E Steitz)

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/849

vkSj bAkb¥ d`h vnk bZ\ ;ksuƒ (Ada E. Yonath) ds` lkƒ `bl lEeku ds` f¥, pquk x;k gS\ bu rhukÍ us ‘jkbckslkse’ d`h lajpuk vkSj mlds` d`ke d`jus ij vge v÷;;u fd`;k\ jkW;¥ LohfMæ ,ds`Mseh vkWœ`

pkYlZ d`ko

oÍd`Vjeu jkeÎ`Æ.u

ƒkWel ,\ LVsÈRt

vnk bZ\ ;ksuƒ

lkbalst }kjk tkjh foKfIr ds`` vuqlkj` rhukÍ oSKkfud`kÍ us jkbckslkse d`k f(foeh;` (3-Mh‚ ekWM¥ cuk;k] ftlls ;g irk p¥k fd` fd`l rjg fofHUu`,aVhck;ksfVd``vkSj jkbckslkse vkil eÍ tqÈMs jgrs gß\ ftud`h enn ls d`bZ chekfj;kÍ ls cpko gsrq ,aVhck;ksfVd` cukus eÍ enn fe¥h\

ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj ikus ok¥s Hkjrh;/Hkjrh; ew¥ ds` O;fDr jchUnzukƒ VSxksj] 1913 lhoh jeu] 1930 ,p [qjkuk] 1968 enj Vsjslk 1979 ,l pUnzæs[j 1983 veR;Zlsu] 1998 oh,l uk;ikW¥] 2001 oÍd`Vjeu`jkeÎ`Æ.u] 2009

: : : : : : : :

lkfgR; HkSfrd`h fpfd`Rlk ækafr HkSfrd`h vƒZækL( lkfgR; jlk;u foKku

fo¥MZ ckW;¥

tkWtZ fLeƒ

d`h vk|h-vk|h jkfæ ·dq`¥ iqjLd`kj jkfæ d`h 25-25 ^frær jkfæ‚ ^nku d`h tk,xh\ fpfd`Rlk foKku%fpfd`Rlk ds` {ks( d`k iqjLd`kj o"Z 2009 ds` f¥, ?ksf"r fd`, tkus ok¥s `ukscs¥ `iqjLd`kjkÍ `eÍ lcls `ig¥k ƒk\ `bld`h ?ks".k LohMu ds` dS`jksf¥aLd`k baLVhVΩ;wV }kjk 5 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks d`h xbZ\ vejhd`k ds` rhu oSKkfud`kÍ ,f¥tkcsƒ ,p\ C¥Sd`cuZ (Elizabeth H. Blackburn), dS`jks¥ MCY;w xzhMj (Carol W. Greider) vkSj tSd` MCY;w\ tksLVkd` (Jack W. Szostak) d`ks d`ksfæd`kvkÍ ds` vkuqoafæd` d`ked`kt eÍ ,d` egRoiw.Z ^.k¥h d`h [kst d`jus ds` f¥, ;g iqjLd`kj

,f¥tkcsƒ C¥Sd`cuZ

dS`jkW¥ xzhMsj

tSd` tksLrkd`

^nku d`jus d`h ?ks".k d`h xbZ gS\ oSKkfud`kÍ d`h bl [kst ds` p¥rs iwoZ o"ksÛ eÍ ukscs¥ ækafr iqjLd`kj fotsrk dß`lj vkSj mez lEcU|h vuqla|kukÍ d`ks ,d` ubZ fnæk fe¥h gS\ 1901 eÍ o"Z fotsrk æqÔ gksus ds` ckn ls fpfd`Rlk {ks( eÍ vc rd` ds`o¥ nl efg¥kvkÍ d`ks 2008 fœ`u¥S≥M ds` iwoZ jkÆV_ifr ekrhZ vgfrlkjh (Martti Ahtisaari) bl iqjLd`kj ls lEekfur fd`;k x;k ƒk] fd`Urq ;g ig¥k gh volj gS] 2007 t¥ok;q ifjorZu ij vUrlZjd`kjh lfefr `(IPCC) o vejhd`k ds` tc `,d` lkƒ `nks efg¥kvkÍ d`ks`,d` gh o"Z eÍ ;g iqjLd`kj fn;k tk iwoZ mijkÆV_ifr v¥ xksj (Al Gore). jgk gS\ bu rhukÍ oSKkfud`kÍ us bl jgL; d`ks mtkxj fd`;k fd` Mh,u, 2006 ckaX¥knsæ ds` xzkeh. cßd` o blds` laLƒkid` vƒZækL(h eksgEen ;quql\ ds` okgd` ∂`ksekstkse fd`l ^d`kj d`ksfæd`kvkÍ ds` foHktu ds` le; {kj. 2005 vUrjkZÆV_h; ijek.q ˜tkZ ,tÍlh (IAEA) o blds` rRd`k¥hu ls cpus eÍ lœ`¥ jgrs gß\ dS`jksf¥aLd`k baLVhVΩ;wV d`h ?ks".k eÍ d`gk egkfunsæd` eksgEen v¥ cjnsbZ\ x;k gS fd` C¥Sd`cuZ] xzhMsj vkSj tksLrkd` d`h [kstkÍ us d`ksfæd`k d`h 2004 caxkjh eƒkbZ ·d`hfu;k d`h i;kZoj.oknh‚ gekjh le> d`ks ,d` u;k vk;ke fn;k gS] jksx ^.kf¥;kÍ ds` ckjs eÍ 2003 bZjku d`h`ekuokf|d`kjh vf|oDrk`fæfju bcknh (Shirin Ebadi). gekjh tkud`kjh d`ks ubZ jksæuh nh gS vkSj ubZ fpfd`Rlk ^.kf¥;kÍ ds` 2002 vejhd`k ds` iwoZ jkÆV_ifr fteh d`kVZj\ fod`kl d`ks ^ksRlkfgr fd`;k gS\ 2001 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? o blds` rRd`k¥hu egklfpo d`ksœ`h vUuku\ mY¥s[uh; gS fd` bu rhukÍ oSKkfud`kÍ d`ks blh æks| ds` f¥, foKku 2000 n\ d`ksfj;k ds` rRd`k¥hu jkÆV_ifr fd`e nk,-tqax\ ds` {ks( ds` vejhd`k ds` ^frfÆBr ¥SLd`j iqjLd`kj (2006) ls lEekfur foxr o"ksÛ eÍ lkfgR; ds` ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj ls lEekfur fd`;k tk pqd`k gS\ jpukd`kjkÍ ds` uke vƒZækL(%vƒZækL( ds` ”s( d`k ukscs¥ rqY; iqjLd`kj bl o"Z o"Z lkfgR;d`kj nsæ vejhd`h vƒZækfL(;kÍ bf¥ukWj vkWLV_e vkSj vksf¥oj fof¥;elu d`ks 2008 tsu`ekjh`xqLrko`¥h D¥sft;ks ≠`kal fn;k x;k gS\ nksukÍ d`ks ;g iqjLd`kj muds` ‘bd`ksukWfed` xousÛl’ ij fd`, 2007 Mksfjl ¥sflax bax¥S≥M x, d`ke ds` f¥, fn;k x;k 2006 vksjgku ikeqd` rqd`hZ gS\ dS`¥hœ`kWfuZ;k fo'ofo»k¥; 2005 gsjksYM fiaVj bax¥S≥M cdZ `¥s ds` ^ks\ fof¥;elu d`ks 2004 ,¥f≠`Ms tsf¥usd` vkWfLV_;k œ`eks Û`o cktkjkÍ ds``d`kWUŒ¥SDV 2003 ts ,e d`ks,Rth n\ v≠`hd`k lkW Y ;w æal ds` ”s( eÍ rƒk 2002 bejh fd`jfrLt gaxjh ba f M;kuk ;wuhoflZVh d`h ^ks\ 2001 oh,l uk;ikW¥ f(fuukn/fczVsu vkW L V_ e d`ks d`kWeu ^kWiVhZ ds` 2000 xkvks ftaxft;ku phu`·≠`kal` 1977 ls‚ eS u s t eÍ V ds ` ”s( eÍ egRoiw.Z bf¥ukWj vkWLV_e vksf¥oj fof¥;elu 1999 xqaVj xzkl teZuh ;ksxnku ds` f¥, ;g iqjLd`kj fn;k x;k gS\ bf¥ukWj vkWLV_e vƒZækL( HkSfrd` foKku%fMthV¥ œ`ksVksxzkœ`h eÍ bLrsek¥ d`h tkus ok¥h ds` ukscs¥ rqY; iqjLd`kj d`ks ikus ok¥h ig¥h efg¥k gß\ mUgÍ fe¥kd`j bl ^kS»ksfxd`h ds` fuekZ. vkSj fo'o d`ks œ`kbcj-vkWfIVd` usVodZ` ls tksÈMus eÍ o"Z ik∑p efg¥k,a ukscs¥ ls lEekfur gks jgh gß\ ,slk ig¥h ckj gqvk gS d`ke;kch ds` f¥, rhu vejhd`h oSKkfud`kÍ d`ks o"Z 2009 ds` HkSfrd`h d`k tc ,d` o"Z eÍ ik∑p efg¥kvkÍ d`ks ukscs¥ ds` f¥, pquk x;k gS\ ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj ^nku d`jus d`h ?ks".k jkW;¥ LohfMæ ,ds`Meh us d`h gS\ mi;qZDr ^R;sd` iqjLd`kj ds` rgrΩ ,d`-,d` d`jksÈM LohfMæ ∂`ksuj bu oSKkfud`kÍ eÍ vejhd`k ds` pkYlZ ds` d`ko (Charles K. Kao), fo¥MZ ·¥xHx 14-14 ¥k[ MkW¥j‚ d`h jkfæ ^nku d`h tk,xh\ iqjLd`kjkÍ ,l\ ckW;¥ (Willard S. Boyle) vkSj tkWtZ bZ\ fLeƒ (George E. d`k forj. 10 fnlEcj d`ks ·,Y≠s`M ukscs¥ d`h iq≥; frfƒ ds` fnu‚ Smith) ækfe¥ gß\ d`ko d`ks tgk∑ fczVsu d`h Hh ukxfjd`rk ^kIr gS] ogÓ ckW;¥ d`ks d`ukMk d`h Hh ukxfjd`rk ^kIr gS\ iqjLd`kj ds` rkSj ij fn, fd`;k tk,xk\ ækfUr ds` ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj d`k forj. ukWosZ d`h jkt|kuh tkus ok¥s ,d` d`jksÈM ∂`ksuj ;kuh 14·14 ¥k[ vejhd`h MkW¥j d`k 50 vksL¥ks eÍ rƒk vU; lHh iqjLd`kjkÍ d`k forj. LohMu d`h jkt|kuh œ`hlnh Hkx d`ko d`ks fe¥sxk] ogÓ ckW;¥ vkSj fLeƒ d`ks nwljs v*kÛæ LVkWd`gkse eÍ fd`;k tk,xk\

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/850

R;kxi«k@inP;qfr

o"kZ@fnol@lIrkg

(Resignation/Dismissal)

(Year/Days/Week)

otkgr gchcqY¥k d`k eq“; lwpuk vk;qDr in ls R;kxi(%Hkjr ds` ig¥s eq“; lwpuk vk;qDr otkgr gchcqY¥k us vius bl in ls vDVwcj 2009 eÍ R;kxi( ns fn;k gS\ mUgÍ tEew-d`'ehj eÍ eq“; lwpuk vk;qDr fu;qDr fd`;k x;k gS\ vius ekStwnk in ls d`k;ZeqDr gksus ds` i'pkrΩ tEew-d`'ehj eÍ ;g d`k;ZHkj xzg. d`jÍxs\ Hkjrh; ^æklfud` lsok ds` tEewd`'ehj dS`Mj ds` lsokfuo~® vf|d`kjh otkgr gchcqY¥k us vDVwcj 2005 eÍ Hkjr ds` ig¥s eq“; pquko vk;qDr d`k in xzg. fd`;k ƒk\

fu/ku (Death)

MsfoM æsœ`MZ%vUrjkZÆV_h; f∂`ds`V ifj"nΩ (ICC) ds` ,¥hV iSu¥ ds` vEik;j jgs MsfoM jkWcVZ æsœ`MZ d`k 68 o"Z d`h vk;q eÍ ¥anu eÍ 27 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks fu|u gks x;k\ 1981 ls ^ƒe Js.h f∂`ds`V`eÍ]` 1983 ls`,d`fnolh;`vUrjkZÆV_h; eSpkÍ eÍ o 1985 eÍ VsLV eSpkÍ eÍ vEik;fjax mUgkÍus æqÔ`d`h`ƒh\ vUrjkZÆV_h; f∂`ds`V eÍ vfUre ckj vEik;fjax mUgkÍus 2005 eÍ vkLV_sf¥;k-bax¥S≥M ds` chp MsfoM æsœ`MZ ,d`fnolh; `Δk~a[¥k eÍ d`h ƒh\ vUrjkZÆV_h; vEik;fjax dS`fj;j eÍ dq`¥ 92 VsLV eSpkÍ eÍ o 172 ,d`fnolh; vUrjkZÆV_h; eSpkÍ eÍ vEik;j og jgs\ fo'o ds` lokZf|d` lEekfur vEik;jkÍ eÍ fxus tkus ok¥s MsfoM æsœ`MZ d`ks ¥xkrkj rhu fo'o d`i (1996, 1999 o 2003) ds` œ`kbu¥ eSpkÍ eÍ vEik;fjax d`jus d`k Js; ^kIr ƒk\

1–7 vDVwcj%oU; izk.h lIrkg 1 vDVwcj%jkÆV_h; LoSfPNd` jDrnku

fnol 1 vDVwcj%vUrjkZÆV_h; o~*tu fnol 1 vDVwcj%phu d`k jkÆV_h; fnol 2 vDVwcj%¥k¥ cgknqj 'kkL(h t;arh

·iwoZ iz|kuea(h ¥k¥ cgknqj 'kkL(h d`h 105oÓ t;arh 2 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks eukbZ xbZ‚ 2 vDVwcj%xka|h t;arh ·vUrjkZÆV_h; v¯glk fnol‚ ·2 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks jkÆV_firk egkRek xka|h d`h 140oÓ t;arh ƒh\ ;g rhljk o"Z ƒk tc bl fnu d`ks vUrjkZÆV_h; v¯glk fnol ds` Ôi eÍ euk;k x;k\ bl fnu d`ks vUrjkZÆV_h; v¯glk fnol ds` Ôi eÍ eukus d`h laLrqfr ‘'kkafr v¯glk ,oa l'kDrhd`j.] 21oÓ l n h eÍ xka|h n'kZu ij] tuojh 2007 eÍ ubZ fnY¥h eÍ vk;ksftr vUrjkZÆV_h; lEes¥u eÍ ikfjr izLrko eÍ d`h xbZ ƒh\ la;qDr jkÆV_ egklHk us bls 15 twu] 2007 d`ks loZ l Eefr ls eatwjh iznku d`h Fkh\‚ 5 vDVw c j ·vDVw c j d`k ^ƒe lkseokj‚%fo'o i;kZokl fnol (World Habitat Day) 6–12 vDVwcj%lwpuk vf÷kd`kj lIrkg 8 vDVwcj%ok;q lsuk fnol ·Hkjr‚ 8 vDVw c j ·vDVw c j d`k nw l jk

c~gLifrokj‚%fo'o n~fÆV fnol 9 vDVwcj%fo'o Mkd` fnol 9–15 vDVwcj%fo'o Mkd` lIrkg 10 vDVwcj%fo'o ekufld` LokLF; fnol 14 vDVw c j%vUrjkZÆV_h; izkd~`frd` vkink fuokj. fnol ·vDVwcj d`k nwljk cq|okj‚ 15 vDVwcj%vUrjkZÆV_h; gkƒ |q¥kbZ fnol (Global Handwashing Day)

ck? fnol ck? laj”. d`h fnæk eÍ vUrjkZÆV_h; ÷;ku vkd`f"Zr d`jus ds` mˆs'; ls vx¥s o"Z œ`jojh–uoEcj 2010 ds` nkSjku ck? fnol (Tiger Day) ds` Ôi eÍ eukus d`h i;kZoj. ea(k¥; d`h ;kstuk gS\ bld`k æqHkjEH 14 œ`jojh] 2010 d`ks oS¥ÍVkbu Ms ls fte d`kWcsZV ikdZ` ls gksxk] tcfd` lekiu j.ƒEHkSj ikdZ` eÍ uoEcj 2010 eÍ gksxk\

eksgEen uæhn%ek¥nho ds` jkÆV_ifr eksgEen uæhn us vDVwcj 2009 ds` m®jk*Z eÍ Hkjr d`h ;k(k d`h\ og eq“;r# t¥ok;q ifjorZu ij ,d` cSBd` eÍ Hkx 16 vDVwcj%fo'o [k» fnol ¥sus ds` f¥, ubZ fnY¥h vk, ƒs\ ubZ fnY¥h ·la ;qDr jkÆV_ la? ds` [k» ,oa Î`f" ^okl ds` nkSjku Hkjr ds` lkƒ f}i{kh; la x Bu ds` Lƒkiuk fnol 16 vDVwcj d`ks lEcU|kÍ ij ppkZ Hh mUgkÍus d`h\ ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/851

^fro"Z fo'o [k» fnol ds` Ôi eÍ euk;k tkrk gS\‚ 17 vDVwcj%fo'o V_kWek fnol 21 vDVwcj%fo'o vk;ksMhu-vYirkfod`kj fuokj. fnol 21 vDVwcj%iqf¥l Le~fr fnol 24 vDVw c j%la;qDr jkÆV_ la? d`k Lƒkiuk fnol 30 vDVwcj%fo'o ferO;;rk fnol 31 vDVw c j%iwoZ ^|kuea(h bafnjk xka|h d`h iq≥; frfƒ

iqLrdsa

·mHjrs cktkjkÍ ds` f¥,‚] foaMkst 7 ,aVj^kbt ,oa foaMkst 7 vYVhesV ækfe¥ gß\

(Accidents)

vUrjkZÆV_h; vk;qosZn lEes¥u%vf[¥ Hkjrh; vk;qosZn d`kaxzsl ds` 100 o"Z iwjs gksus ds` mi¥{; eÍ vUrjkZÆV_h; vk;qosZn lEes¥u d`k vk;kstu ubZ fnY¥h eÍ 7-8 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks fd`;k x;k\ bld`k mnΩ?kVu jkÆV_ifr ^frHk ikfV¥ us fd`;k\ mY¥s[uh; gS fd` vf[¥ Hkjrh; vk;qosZn d`kaxzsl d`h Lƒkiuk 1907 eÍ gqbZ ƒh\

(Books)

egksRlo

d`jIæu ,≥M d`kWiksZjsV xousÛl bu ba f M;k # lR;e] LisDV_e ,≥M lqUnje

(Festivals)

(Corruption and Corporate Governance in India : Satyam, Spectrum and Sundaram) % lqcze≥;e Lokeh f¥lfuax Vq xzkl gkWilZ (Listening to Grass Hoppers) % v:a÷krh jk; oqYœ` gkW¥ (Wolf Hall)

vUrjkZÆV_h; fœ`Ye egksRlo uoEcj eÍ xksok eÍ%Hkjr d`k vUrjkZÆV_h; fœ`Ye egks R lo (International Film Festival of India—IFFI) uoEcj 2009 eÍ`xksok eÍ vk;ksftr gksxk\ bld`k mnΩ?kVu 23 uoEcj d`ks gksxk\

% fg¥Sjh eÍV¥ ·bl iqLrd` ds` f¥, gh fczVsu d`h fg¥Sjh eÍV¥ d`ks o"Z 2009 d`k cqd`j iqjLd`kj 6 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks ^nku fd`;k x;k‚

vkWijs'ku@vfHk;ku (Operation/Expedition)

Hkjr-vejhd`k la;qDr ;q*k˙;klHkjr o vejhd`k d`h lsukvkÍ d`k la;qDr ;q*k˙;kl m®j ^nsæ eÍ cchuk eÍ 12–26 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks lEiUu gqvk\ bld`k mˆs'; nksukÍ nsækÍ d`h lsukvkÍ ds` chp rk¥es¥ cÈ
foKku (Science)

ekb∂`kslkWŒV d`k u;k vkWijsfVax flLVe`%`foaMkst 7 tkjh`%`ekb∂`kslkWŒV d`kWiksZjsæu us viuk u;k vkWijsfVax flLVe (OS) fo'oHj eÍ 22 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks tkjh fd`;k gS\ foaMkst 7 (Windows 7) uke ds` bl vkWijsfVax flLVe ds` 6 laLd`j. mi¥C| d`jk, x, gß\ bueÍ foaMkst 7 gkse ^hfe;e ·?js¥w miHksDrkvkÍ ds` f¥,‚] foaMkst 7 ^ksœs`æu¥ ·NksVs ,oa e÷;e m»fe;kÍ ds` f¥,‚] foaMkst 7 LVkVZj] foaMkst 7 gkse csfld` ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/852

nq?kZVuk,a

2009

fex-27 nq?ZVukxzLr`%`Hkjrh; ok;q lsuk d`k ,d` fex-27 foeku xr 23 vDVwcj d`ks i\ caxk¥ ds` U;wt¥ikbZxqÈMh ft¥s eÍ nq?ZVukxzLr gks x;k\ bl nq?ZVuk eÍ foeku pk¥d` lqjf{kr jgk\ o"Z 2009 eÍ Hkjrh; ok;q lsuk ds` foekukÍ d`h ;g ukSoÓ nq?ZVuk gS\ gSrh eÍ la;qDr jkÆV_ d`k foeku nq?ZVukxzLr] 11 ejs%la;qDr jkÆV_ d`k ,d` foeku gS r h eÍ xr 9 vDVwcj d`ks nq?ZVukxzLr gks x;k\ la;qDr jkÆV_ d`h ^oDrk ds` vuqlkj pk¥d` vkSj ;kf(;kÍ lfgr foeku eÍ lokj lHh 11 ¥ksx bl nq?ZVuk eÍ ekjs x,\ foeku eÍ lokj vf÷kd`kaæ ¥ksx lSU; vf÷kd`kjh ƒs\ Hkjr fufeZr |zqo gs¥hd`kWIVj bDokMksj eÍ nq?ZVukxzLr%bDokMksj us Hkjr ls tks lkr gs¥hd`kWIVj bl o"Z œ`jojh ekg eÍ ,;jks bafM;k ^næZuh ·œ`jojh 2009, cax¥kSj‚ ds` nkSjku [jhns

œw`¥ ok¥kÍ d`h lSj lkE^nkf;d` lnΩHko d`k fnY¥h d`k ,sfrgkfld` ‘œw`¥ ok¥kÍ d`h lSj’ egksRlo vDVwcj 2009 eÍ lEiUu gqvk\ fgUnw-eqfL¥e ,d`rk d`k ^rhd` ;g mRlo eqx¥ ægaækg vd`cj ækg lkuh ·vfUre eqx¥ ækld` cgknqj ækg tœ`j ds` firk‚ ds` le; ls vk;ksftr gksrk jgk ƒk] ckn eÍ vaxzstkÍ us bls cUn d`jk fn;k ƒk] ¥sfd`u 1962 eÍ rRd`k¥hu ^|kuea(h ia\ tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ us bls iqu# æqÔ d`jk;k ƒk\ ,sfrgkfld` nLrkostkÍ ds` vuqlkj eqx¥ cknækg vd`cj ækg lkuh ds` ikl fnY¥h eÍ fu;qDr rRd`k¥hu vaxzst vf|d`kjh feLVj lsVsu d`k ¥k¥fd`¥s vkuk-tkuk cuk jgrk ƒk] fd`Urq cknækg ds` ea>ks¥s iq( fetkZ tgk∑xhj ·cgknqjækg tœ`j ds` NksVs HkbZ‚ mls cgqr fpÈÈMi gks xbZ] rks tgk∑xhj us fiLrkS¥ fud`k¥d`j lsVsu ij xks¥h p¥k nh] tks lsVsu d`h Vksih ij ¥xh rƒk fnY¥h eÍ œw`¥ ok¥kÍ d`h lSj mRlo 2009 ds` ftlls mld`h Vksih mÈM xbZ\ xqLls ls vkx f¥, jkÆV_ifr Hou ls ikjEifjd` ‘ia“kk’ ccw¥k gq, lsVsu ds` vknsæ ij vaxzstkÍ d`h lsuk jokuk d`jrÓ jkÆV_ifr ^frHk ikfV¥ us ¥k¥fd`¥s d`ks pkjkÍ vksj ls ?sjd`j tgk∑xhj d`ks fxjŒrkj d`j f¥;k\ csVs d`h fxjŒrkjh ls nq#[h ek∑ eqerkt eg¥ us rHh eUur ekaxh ƒh fd` ;fn mud`k csVk NwV x;k] rks og gtjr “oktk dq`rqcqˆhu cf“r;kj d`kd`h d`h etkj ij œw`¥kÍ d`h pknj pÈ
ƒs] `mueÍ `ls ,d` gs¥hd`kWIVj d`k xr 28 vDVwcj d`ks bDokMksj ds` DosVks ,;jcsl ds` fud`V ,d` lSU; ijsM ds` nkSjku nq?ZVukxzLr gks x;k\ bl nq?ZVuk ds` i'pkrΩ bu gs¥hd`kWIVjkÍ d`ks ogk∑ ifjpk¥u ls gVk f¥;k x;k gS\ bl nq?ZVuk ls Hkjr eÍ cus gs¥hd`kWIVjkÍ ds` fonsæh cktkj eÍ d`kjksckj d`ks tcnZLr >Vd`k ¥xk gS\ Hkjr us ik;¥V d`h (qfV d`ks bl nq?ZVuk d`k d`kj. crk;k gS\

vUrfj{k (Space)

ukSlsuk d`h enn ls utj j[h xbZ\ fopkj nqfu;k d`ks cn¥ ld`rk gS\ ewu us MhvkjMhvks }kjk i~Foh ds` ik∑p v¥x– d`gk] ‘‘geÍ nqfu;k d`ks O;kid` lagkj ds` v¥x Ôi rS;kj fd`, tk jgs gß\ ;s gfƒ;kjkÍ ls eqDr d`jus ds` f¥, ^;kl ijh”. blh ^;ksx d`k fgLlk ƒs\ foYl ¥kbœ LVkb¥ bafM;k œS`æu ohd`%foYl ¥kbœ` LVkb¥ bafM;k œS`æu ohd` d`k vk;kstu ubZ fnY¥h eÍ xr vDVwcj ekg eÍ gqvk\ jkÆV_firk egkRek xka|h d`h Le~fr eÍ la;qDr jkÆV_ la? }kjk foæs" Mkd` fVd`V tkjh%2 vDVw c j] 2009 d`ks Hkjr ds` jkÆV_firk egkRek xka|h d`h 140 oÓ t;arh ij la;qDr jkÆV_ la? us muds` uke ij ,d`

d`ukMk ds` xqbZ ¥kf¥crsZ cus fo'o ds` lkroÍ vUrfj{k i;ZVd` d`ukMk ds` vjcifr ldZ`l O;kikjh xqbZ ¥kf¥crsZ (Guy Laliberte) vUrfj{k d`h lSj d`jus ok¥s fo'o ds` lkroÍ i;ZVd` cu x, gß\ vUrjkZZÆV_h; vUrfj{k LVsæu (ISS) ij ,d` lIrkg ds` ^okl ds` f¥, Ôl ds` lks;qt jkWds`V }kjk cSd`kuwj vUrfj{k LVsæu ls 30 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks mUgÍ jokuk fd`;k x;k\ d`ukMk ds` ægj ekafV_;¥ ds` ldZ`l ‘ldsZ`Mw lks¥h¥’ ds` laLƒkid` 50 o"hZ; Jh ¥kf¥crsZ us d`tk[Lrku ds` cSd`kuwj fLƒr vUrfj{k ds`Unz ls vUrjkZÆV_h; vUrfj{k LVsæu (ISS) d`h bl ;k(k ds` f¥, rhu d`jksÈM ipkl ¥k[ MkW¥j d`h jkfæ Ôlh vUrfj{k ,tÍlh d`ks pqd`kbZ gS\ Jh ¥kf¥crsZ ds` lkƒ Ôlh vUrfj{k ;k(h eSfDle lksjso vkSj vejhd`h vUrfj{k ;k(h ts≠`h fof¥;El Hh x, ƒs\ lks;qt }kjk gh |jrh ij mud`h lqjf{kr okilh 11 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks gqbZ gS\ vc rd` ds` lHh lkr vUrfj{k i;ZVd`kÍ ds` uke o vUrfj{k i;ZVu d`h mud`h frfƒ;k∑ fuEuf¥f[r gß% 1. Msful VhVks ·vejhd`k‚% 28 v^S¥] 2001 ls 6 ``ebZ] 2001. 2. ekdZ æV¥oƒZ ·lkmƒ v≠`hd`k‚%25 v^S¥] 2002 ls 5 ebZ] 2002. 3. xzsxksjh`vks¥lu ·vejhd`k‚%1 vDVwcj] 2005 ls 11 vDVwcj] 2005. 4. vuqæsg valkjh ·bZjkuh vejhd`h‚%18 flrEcj] 2006 ls 29 flrEcj] 2006. 5. pkYlZ fleksU;h ·gaxsfj;u-vejhd`u‚% 7 v^S¥] 2007 ls 21 v^S¥] 2007 rƒk`26 ekpZ] 2009 ls 7 v^S¥] 2009. xqbZ ¥kf¥crsZ 6. fjpMZ xsfj;V ·vejhd`k‚%12 vDVwcj] 2008 ls 23 vDVwcj] 2008. 7. xqbZ ¥kf¥crsZ ·d`ukMk‚%30 flrEcj] 2009 ls 11 vDVwcj] 2009.

fofo/k (Miscellaneous)

i~Foh–2 ds` ijh”.%Hkjr us lrg–ls– lrg ij ekj d`jus ok¥h i~Foh–2 felkb¥ ds` nks lœ`¥ ijh”. xr 12 vDVwcj d`ks fd`,\ ijek.q gfƒ;kj ¥s tkus eÍ l”e bu felkb¥kÍ d`ks 5 feuV ds` vUrjk¥ ij mÈMhlk ds` pk∑nhiqj jÍt ls NksÈMk x;k\ nksukÍ felkb¥kÍ us vius ¥{; lœ`¥rkiwoZd` Hsn fn,\ bu felkb¥kÍ d`h ekjd` ”erk 350 fd`eh rd` gS\ ijhf”r felkb¥kÍ ij ¥Ech nwjh ds` jMkjkÍ vkSj caxk¥ d`h [kÈMh eÍ ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/853

MkW¥j d`k Mkd` fVd`V tkjh fd`;k gS\ fe;keh ds` tkus-ekus d`¥kd`kj œ`MhZ ipsd`ks (Ferdie Pacheco) }kjk fMtkbu fd`, x, bl Mkd` fVd`V eÍ jkÆV_firk d`ks ¥k¥] uh¥s vkSj lqugjs jax eÍ fn[k;k x;k gS\ vUrjkZÆV_h; vfgalk fnol ds` volj ij ;g Mkd` fVd`V tkjh d`jrs gq, la;qDr jkÆV_ ds` egklfpo cku d`h-ewu us d`gk fd` vk|qfud` fo'o ds` lkeus cÈMh la“;k eÍ mifLƒr [rjkÍ d`ks ijkftr d`jus ds` f¥, egkRek xka|h d`h vfgalk d`h fojklr Lƒk;h vkæk d`h ^rhd` gS\ ewu us d`gk fd` xka|hth le> x, ƒs fd` ,d` rkd`roj

egkRek xka|h ij Mkd` fVd`V d`k vukoj. d`jrs la;qDr jkÆV_ egklHk ds` v÷;{k v¥h vCnqLl¥ke V_sd`h

d`juk pkfg,\ vfgalk ds`o¥ gfƒ;kjkÍ ds` lanHZ eÍ gh ugÓ ¥kxw gksuh pkfg,\’’ eƒqjk d`k gsear cztoklh lkjsxkek f¥fV¥ pßIl d`k fotsrk%eƒqjk ds` 11 o"hZ; gsear cztoklh d`ks th\ Vh\ oh\ ds` E;wftd`¥ lhfj;¥ lkjsxkek f¥fV¥ pßIl eÍ fotsrk ?ksf"r fd`;k x;k gS\ 24 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks ^lkfjr` œ`kbu¥ eÍ cukjl ds`

gsear cztoklh

;ƒkƒZ d`ks nwljk rƒk d`ks¥d`krk d`h Js;lh d`ks rhljk Lƒku ^kIr gqvk\ la;qDr jkÆV_ fnol ij la;qDr jkÆV_ eq“;k¥; `ij `laxhre; `d`k;Z∂`e `eÍ Hkjr ds` rhu d`¥kd`kjkÍ d`h Hkxhnkjh% 24 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks la;qDr jkÆV_ fnol ds` volj ij U;w;kWdZ` eÍ ,d` foæs" laxhr lekjks g d`k vk;ks t u la ; q D r jkÆV_ eq“;k¥; eÍ fd`;k x;k\ la;qDr jkÆV_ ds` 1·15 ¥k[ ækafr lSfud`kÍ ds` f¥, lefiZr bl d`k;Z∂`e eÍ fo'oHj ds` d`¥kd`kjkÍ eÍ Hkjr ds` rc¥koknd` tkfd`j gqlSu] lehj pVthZ o xk;d` æad`j egknsou ækfe¥ ƒs\ ●●●

esUV eÍ iq:"kÍ d`k f[rkc Ôl ds` fe[kb¥ ;ksTuh us œ`kbu¥ eÍ tkad`ks fVIlkjsfod` d`ks gjkd`j thrk\ efg¥kvkÍ ds` f[rkc ds` f¥, œz`kalsLd`k fævkoksus (Francesca Schiavone) us œ`kbu¥ eÍ vksYxk xksoksRlksZok d`ks gjkd`j thrk\ pkbuk vksiu%lfcZ;k ds` uksokd` tksd`ksfop us vDVwcj 2009 eÍ chftax eÍ dz`ks,fæ;k ds` ekfju flf¥d` d`ks œ`kbu¥ eÍ iSu iSflfœ`d` vksiu%Vksfd`;ks eÍ gjkd`j pkbuk vksiu Vsful d`k iq:"kÍ d`k flrEcj-vDVwcj 2009 eÍ lEiUu efg¥kvkÍ f[rkc thrk\ efg¥kvkÍ ds` f[rkc ds` f¥, Ôl d`h Losr¥kuk dq`>usRlksok us iks¥S≥M d`h ,fXu,Ld`k jknokaLd`k d`ks œ`kbu¥ eÍ gjk;k\ tkiku vksiu%vDVwcj 2009 eÍ gh Vksfd`;ks eÍ lEiUu tkiku vksiu Vsful d`k f[rkc œz`kal ds` tks foYœzs`M lkÍxk us œ`kbu¥ eÍ fe[kb¥ ;ksTuh d`ks gjkd`j thrk\ iSu iSflfœ`d` Vsful d`h V_kWœ`h ds` lkƒ ækjkiksok

ds` iSu iSflfœ`d` vksiu Vsful VwukZesUV d`k ,d`¥ f[rkc Ôl d`h ekfj;k ækjkiksok us thrk\ 3 vDVwcj d`ks [s¥s x, œ`kbu¥ eÍ lfcZ;k d`h ,¥suk ;kud`ksfop d`ks ækjkiksok us gjk;k\

æa?kbZ ekLVlZ Vsful%vDVwcj 2009 eÍ æa?kbZ eÍ lEiUu ekLVlZ Vsful VwukZesUV d`k f[rkc Ôl ds` fud`ks¥bZ MsfoMÍd`ks us œ`kbu¥ eÍ æh"Z ojh;rk izkIr jkœs`¥ uMk¥ ·Lisu‚ d`ks gjkd`j thrk\ dzs`ef¥u d`i%ekWLd`ks eÍ vDVwcj 2009 eÍ lEiUu dzs`ef¥u d`i Vsful VwukZ-

,FkysfVDl jkÆV_h; vksiu ,ƒ¥sfVDl%49oÓ lhfu;j jkÆV_h; vksiu ,Fk¥sfVDl pSfEi;uf'ki d`k vk;kstu Hksik¥ eÍ 6–9 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks gqvk\ bl ehV eÍ lqjsUnz dq`ekj flag] d`fork jkmr o ,e\ ,\ izktqæk us nksgjs Lo.Z ind` thrs\ js¥os us iq:`" o efg¥k nksukÍ gh oxksÛ eÍ Vhe pSfEi;ufæi thrus ds` lkFk-lkFk vksojvkW¥ Vhe pSfEi;ufæi Hh bl vk;kstu eÍ thrh\ 22 Lo.Z] 21 jtr o 14 d`kaL; ind`kÍ lfgr 57 ind` js¥os us bl vk;kstu eÍ thrs\ 6 Lo.Z] 6 gh jtr o 6 gh d`kaL; ind`kÍ ds` lkƒ lsuk us bleÍ nwljk Lƒku izkIr fd`;k\ bl ehV eÍ fofHUu Li*kZvkÍ ds` fotsrkvkÍ ds` uke rkf¥d`k eÍ ^nf'kZr gß%

49oÓ jkÆV_h; vksiu ,ƒ¥sfVDl pSfEi;ufæi # oS;fDrd` Li*kZvkÍ ds` fotsrk · 6–9 vDVwcj] 2009] Hksik¥‚ Li*kZ 100 ehVj 200 ehVj 400 ehVj 800 ehVj 1500 ehVj 10000 ehVj 5000 ehVj 100 eh ck|k 110 eh ck|k 400 eh ck|k × 100 ehVj 4× 4 × 400 ehVj 3000 ehVj LVhi¥ psÈt 20 fd`eh iSn¥ pk¥

˜∑ph dw`n ¥Ech dw`n frgjh dw`n fMLd`l ƒzks gSej ƒzks tsof¥u ƒzks 'kkWV iqV iks¥ okYV gSIVkƒ¥u Msd`kƒ¥u * u;k ehV fjd`kWMZ

iq:`" ch\ th\ ukxjkt ·js¥os‚ vCnq¥ uthc dq`jSæh ·vkU|z iznsæ‚ ,l\ ds`\ eqrZtk ·lsuk‚ ,l\ izd`kæ oekZ ·js¥os‚ pƒks¥h getk ·lsuk‚ lqjsUnz dq`ekj ¯lg ·lsuk‚ lqjsUnz dq`ekj ¯lg ·lsuk‚ — ih\ eqƒqLokeh ·js¥os‚ tksls√ vczk© ·js¥os‚ js¥os js¥os ,¥e flag ·lsuk‚ ckcwHkbZ iukspk ·lsuk‚ v:. dq`ekj ·ds`j¥‚ — jathr ekgs'ojh ·js¥os‚ flejuthr flag ·iqf¥l‚ e|q dq`ekj ·js¥os‚ vkse ukjk;. ·js¥os‚ vkse ^d`kæ ·gfj;k.k‚ — — ih\ ts\ fouksn ·ds`j¥‚

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/854

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mŸkjk[kaM tqMhf'k;y lfoZl& flfoy tt (twfu;j fMohtu) ijh{kk] 2009 mŸkjk[kaM 'kklu ds vËkhu flfoy U;k;kËkh'k (twfu;j fMohtu) ds 11 fjDr inksa dh HkrhZ ds fy, mŸkjk[kaM yksd lsok vk;ksx }kjk mŸkjk[kaM U;kf;d lsok ijh{kk] 2009 dk vk;kstu nks pj.kksa esa lEHkkfor gS- igys pj.k esa izkjfEHkd ijh{kk vk;ksftr fd, tkus dh lEHkkouk gS- ftlds vkËkkj ij eq[; izfr;ksfxrk ijh{kk ds fy, vgZ mEehnokjksa dk p;u fd;k tk,xk-

izfr;ksfxrk niZ.k@fnlEcj@2009/861

izkjfEHkd ijh{kk esa lQy vH;FkhZ nwljs pj.k dh eq[; ijh{kk esa 'kkfey fd, tk,axs- oLrqfu"B fdLe ds iz'uksa okyh izkjfEHkd ijh{kk esa 200 vadksa ds ,d iz'u&i= esa 50 o 150 vadksa ds nks Hkkx ÿe'k% lkekU; Kku ,oa fofËk ds gksaxs- bl ijh{kk esa 'kkfey gksus ds fy, vkosnu&i= dk izk:i 17–23 vDVwcj 2009 ds jkstxkj lekpkj esa miyCËk gSbl Áfr;ksfxrk ijh{kk ds vkËkkj ij Hkjh tkus okyh fjfDr;ksa dh dqy la[;k 11 gS- fofHkUu oxks± ds fy, vkjf{kr in Hkh 'kkfey gSa'kS{kf.kd ;ksX;rkμfofËk Lukrd dh mikfËk fgUnh nsoukxjh dk Kku rFkk dEI;wVj lapkyu dk csfld Kkuvk;q lhek (1 tuojh] 2009 dks)μ 22– 35 o"kZ - fofHkUu ekeyks a es a vk;q lhek ea s a fu;ekuqlkj NwV miyCËk gSbl izfr;ksfxrk ijh{kk ds lEcUËk esa foLr`r tkudkjh gsrq 17–23 vDVwcj] 2009 dk jkstxkj lekpkj ns[ksa- vH;fFkZ;ksa ds iw.kZ:i ls Hkjs gq, vkosnu&i= mŸkjk[kaM yksd lsok vk;ksx] gfj}kj ds dk;kZy; esa Lohdkj fd, tkus dh vfUre frfFk 12 uoEcj] 2009 gS-

ijh{kk dh foLr`r ;kstuk rFkk vU; foLr`r tkudkjh ds fy, 17–23 vDVwcj] 2009 dk ^jkstxkj lekpkj* ns[ksa- la?k yksd lsok vk;ksx ds dk;kZy; esa iw.kZ:i ls Hkjs gq, vkosnu&i= tek gksus dh vfUre frfFk 16 uoEcj] 2009 gSnwjnjkt ds fufnZ"V pquhank {ks=ksa ds vH;fFkZ;ksa ds Mkd ls Hksts x, vkosnu&i= 23 uoEcj] 2009 rd Lohdkj fd, tk,axsmDr ijh{kk ds fy, midkj Ádk'ku }kjk Ádkf'kr fuEufyf[kr iqLrdksa dk vË;;u djsaμ midkj ,u Mh-,- ijh{kk (lEiknd e.My izfr;ksfxrk niZ.k) 380/midkj ,u-Mh-,- lkWYoM~ isilZ 155/midkj ÁSfDVl odZ cqd ,u-Mh-,ijh{kk 195/midkj jk"V™h; j{kk vdkneh ijh{kk ys[kd}; % tSu ,oa xqIrk 299/mi;qDZ r iqLrdksa ds vaxt sz h laLdj.k Hkh miyCËk gS-a

jk"V™h; j{kk vdkneh rFkk ukSlsuk vdkneh ijh{kk (I), 2010

x`g eU=ky; ds v/khu baVy s htsal C;wjks (IB) esa lgk;d lsUV™y baVsyhtsal vkWQhlj xzsM&II ds dqy feykdj 500 fjDr inksa dh HkrhZ gsrq lq;ksX; mEehnokjksa ls fu/kkZfjr izk:i ij vkosnu&i= jkstxkj lekpkj esa foKkiu Ádkf'kr gksus ds ,d ekg rd vkefU=r fd, x, gSa- fofHkUu oxks± ds mEehnokjksa ds fy, fu;ekuqlkj vkj{k.k dk izkoËkku bl HkrhZ ds rgr~ miyC/k gS- fjfDr;ksa dh la[;k ?kV&c<+ ldrh gS'kS{kf.kd ;ksX;rkμLukrd ;k led{kvk;q lhek (vkosnu dh vfUre frfFk dks)μvfËkdre 27 o"kZfofHkUu oxks ± ds fy, vk;q lhek es a fu;ekuqlkj NwV miyC/k gSbl HkrhZ ds fy, vk;ksftr dh tkus okyh fyf[kr izfr;ksfxrk ijh{kk oLrqfu"B fdLe dh gksxh- fyf[kr izfr;ksfxrk ijh{kk ds fy, vYi lwphcº vH;fFkZ;ksa dks gh vkefU=r fd;k tk,xkbl HkrhZ ds lEcU/k esa vkosnu&i= ds izk:i o vU; foLr`r tkudkjh gsrq 10–16 vDVwcj] 2009 dk ^jkstxkj lekpkj* ns[ksami;qZDr ijh{kk ds fy, midkj izdk'ku }kjk izdkf'kr iqLrd baVsyhtsal C;wjks vflLVsaV lsUV™y baVsyhtsUl vkWQhlj (,DthD;wfVo) xzsM&II ijh{kk dk v/;;u ykHkdkjh gksxk- iqLrd dk vaxzsth laLdj.k Hkh miyC/k gS-

jk"V™h; j{kk vdkneh (NDA) ds Fky lsuk] ukSlsuk rFkk ok;qlsuk LdUËkksa esa izos'k gsrq 30 fnlEcj] 2010 ls vkjEHk gksus okys 125osa rFkk ukSlsuk vdkneh ds 45osa ikB~;ÿe esa izos'k ds fy, la?k yksd lsok vk;ksx (UPSC) }kjk ;g izfr;ksfxrk ijh{kk] 18 vizSy] 2010 dks vk;ksftr dh tk,xh- bl ijh{kk ds vkËkkj ij Hkjh tkus okyh fjfDr;ksa dh la[;k 335 (Fky lsuk ds fy, 195, ukSlus k ds fy, 39 vkSj ok;qlus k ds fy, 66 rFkk ukSlfS ud vdkneh dh dk;Zikyd 'kk[kk ds fy, 35 gS-) ijh{kk esa 2 1 –2 1 ?k.Vs dh vofËk ds 2

2

oLrqfu"B iz'uksa okys xf.kr rFkk lkekU; ;ksX;rk ijh{k.k ds nks iz'u&i= ÿe'k% 300 o 600 vadksa ds gksaxsU;wure ;ksX;rkμjk"V™h; j{kk vdkneh (NDA) ds Fky lsuk LdUËk ds fy, 10+2 iz.kkyh ds rgr~ 12oha d{kk mŸkh.kZ] ukSlsuk o ok;qlsuk LdUËkksa rFkk ukSlSfud vdkneh ds fy, HkkSfrdh o xf.kr fo"k; lfgr 12oha d{kk mŸkh.kZvk;q lhekμds o y vfookfgr iq # "k mEehnokj] ftudk tUe 2 tuojh] 1992 ls igys dk rFkk 1 tqykbZ] 1994 ds ckn dk u gks] bl ijh{kk esa cSBus ds ik= gSa-

baVsyhtsal C;wjks esa lgk;d lsUV™y baVsyhtsal vkWQhlj xzsM&II dh HkrhZ gsrq Áfr;ksfxrk ijh{kk] 2009

baVsyhtsal C;wjks esa lqj{kk lgk;d (dk;Zdkjh) ds fjDr in x`g eU=ky; ds v/khu baVsyhtsal C;wjks esa lqj{kk lgk;d (dk;Zdkjh) [Security Assistant (Executive)] ds dqy feykdj 650 fjDr inksa dh HkrhZ gsrq lq;ksX; mEehnokjksa ls fu/kkZfjr izk:i ij vkosnu&i= jkstxkj lekpkj esa foKkiu izdkf'kr gksus ds ,d ekg rd vkefU=r fd, x, gSa- fofHkUu oxks± ds mEehnokjksa ds fy, fu;ekuqlkj vkj{k.k dk izko/kku bl HkrhZ ds rgr~ miyC/k gS- fjfDr;ksa dh la[;k ?kV&c<+ ldrh gS'kS{kf.kd ;ksX;rkμeSfV™d ;k led{k] [kqfQ;k dk;Z esa QhYM vuqHko okaNuh; ;ksX;rk gSvk;q lhek (vkosnu dh vfUre frfFk dks)μvf/kdre 27 o"kZfofHkUu oxks ± ds fy, vk;q lhek es a fu;ekuqlkj NwV miyC/k gSbl HkrhZ ds fy, vk;ksftr dh tkus okyh fyf[kr izfr;ksfxrk ijh{kk esa lkekU; Kku@vkbZ D;w dh oLrqfu"B fdLe dh ijh{kk gksxh- fyf[kr iz f r;ks f xrk ijh{kk ds fy, vYi lw p hcº vH;fFkZ;ksa dks vkefU=r fd;k tk,xkbl HkrhZ ds lEcU/k esa vkosnu&i= ds izk:i o vU; foLr`r tkudkjh gsrq 30 vDVwcj– 5 uoEcj] 2009 dk jkstxkj laxzg ns[ksami;qZDr ijh{kk ds fy, midkj izdk'ku }kjk izdkf'kr iqLrd ,l-vkbZ-ch- lqj{kk lgk;d (dk;Zdkjh) HkrhZ ijh{kk dk vË;;u ykHkdkjh gksxk- iqLrd dk vaxzsth laLdj.k Hkh miyC/k gS-

,,Q,elh iq.ks ls lEcº ch,llh (ufl±x)@lkekU; ufl±x vkSj feMokbQjh (th,u,e) ikB~;ÿeμ2010 dkWyst vkWQ ufl±x ,,Q,elh iq.ks esa vxLr 2010 esa 'kq: gksus okys pkj o"khZ; ch,l&lh- (ufl±x) ikB~;ÿe esa izos'k gsrq ,oa fofHkUu vkEMZ QkslZst vLirkyksa esa flrEcj 2010 esa 'kq: gksus okys lkekU; ufl±x ikB~;ÿe esa lk<+s rhu o"khZ; fMIyksek gsrq efgyk mEehnokjksa ls fuËkkZfjr izk:i ij vkosnu&i= 20 uoEcj] 2009 rd vkeaf=r fd, x, gSa- ,slh vfookfgr efgyk,a vFkok fo/kok vFkok dkuwuh rkSj ij vyx jg jgh efgyk,a ftUgksaus fu;fer Nk=k ds :i esa U;wure 50 izfr'kr vadksa ds lkFk HkkSfrd] jlk;u ,oa tho foKku fo"k;ksa ds lkFk 10 + 2 ;k led{k ijh{kk vius igys gh iz;kl esa mŸkh.kZ dh gks rFkk ftudk tUe 1 vxLr] 1985 o 31 tqykbZ] 1993 ds chp gqvk gks] bu ikB~;ÿeksa esa izos'k gsrq vkosnu dh ik= gSabu ikB~;ÿeksa esa izos'k ds fy, vk;ksftr dh tkus okyh fyf[kr ijh{kk esa lkekU; vaxzsth] tho foKku o tujy baVsyhtsal ls lEcfU/kr iz'u iwNs tk,axs- oLrqfu"B iz'uksa okyh 90 feuV dh

izfr;ksfxrk niZ.k@fnlEcj@2009/862

vof/k dh ;g fyf[kr ijh{kk tuojh@Qjojh 2010 esa lEHkkfor gS- bl ikB~;ÿe ,oa ijh{kk ds lEcU/k esa vkonsu&i= ds izk:i o vU; foLr`r tkudkjh ds fy, 10–16 vDVwcj] 2009 dk ^jkstxkj lekpkj* ns[ksami;qZDr ijh{kk ds fy, midkj Ádk'ku }kjk Ádkf'kr iqLrd General Nursing and Midwifery (GNM) dk vË;;u ykHkdkjh gksxk-

vkbZ- vkbZ- Vh- esa izos'k gsrq la;qDr izos'k ijh{kkμ2010 (JEE-2010) Hkqous'oj] eqacbZ] fnYyh] xka/kh uxj] xqokgkVh] gSnjkckn] bankSj] dkuiqj] [kM+xiqj] eÊkl] eaMh] iVuk] iatkc] jktLFkku o #M+dh fLFkr Hkkjrh; izkS|ksfxdh laLFkkuksa (IITs) izkS|ksfxdh laLFkku] okjk.klh vkSj Hkkjrh; [kku fo|ky;] Ëkuckn esa LukrdLrjh; ikB~;ÿeksa esa izos'k gsrq la;qDr izos'k ijh{kk (JEE–2010) 11 vizSy] 2010 dks lEiUu gksxh- bl ijh{kk esa nks iz'u&i= HkkSfrdh] jlk;u'kkL= o xf.kr ds iz'uksa ds gksaxsbl ijh{kk esa 'kkfey gksus ds fy, vH;FkhZ viuk vkosnu&i= vkWu ykbu (baVjusV }kjk) vFkok Nis gq, vkosnu&i= }kjk Hkj ldrk gSvkWuykbu vkosnu izfÿ;k 7 fnlEcj] 2009 rd gh miyC/k jgsxh- fooj.k iqfLrdk lfgr Nik gqvk vkosnu&i= cSadksa dh pquhank fufnZ"V 'kk[kkvksa ls rFkk vkbZ v kbZ V h ls 1000 #i, (vuq tkfr@tutkfr ds vH;fFkZ;ksa o efgyk vH;fFkZ;ksa ds ekeys esa 500 #i,) dk udn Hkqxrku djds 15 fnlEcj] 2009 rd izkIr fd, tk ldrs gSaiw.kZ:i ls Hkjs gq, vkosnu&i= Lohdkj fd, tkus dh vfUre frfFk 19 fnlEcj] 2009 gS- bl izos'k ijh{kk ds lEcU/k esa vU; foLr`r tkudkjh ds fy, 31 vDVwcj] 2009 dk nSfud tkxj.k (vkxjk) ns[ksa-

lhch,lbZ }kjk vk;ksftr vf[ky Hkkjrh; Áh&esfMdy ,oa Áh&MsaVy izos'k ijh{kk (AIPMT-2010) vkUËkz izns'k o tEew&d'ehj dks NksM+dj 'ks"k Hkkjr esa Hkkjr la?k] jkT; ljdkjksa rFkk vU; LFkkuh; ÁkfËkdj.kksa }kjk lapkfyr lHkh esfMdy dkW y s t ks a @ Ms U Vy dkW y s t ks a es a es f Mdy@Ms U Vy ikB~;ÿeksa dh dqy lhVksa dh 15 izfr'kr lhVksa ds fy, pquhank dsUÊksa ij izos'k ijh{kk dsUÊh; ekË;fed f'k{kk cksMZ (CBSE) }kjk nks pj.kksa esa ÿe'k% 3 vÁSy] 2010 o 16 ebZ] 2010 dks vk;ksftr dh tk,xh- igys pj.k dh izkjfEHkd ijh{kk esa lQy jgs mEehnokjksa dks gh nwljs pj.k dh ^eq[; ijh{kk* esa 'kkfey fd;k tk,xkbl izos'k ijh{kk ds fy, vkWu ykbu Hkh vkosnu fd;k tk ldrk gS- vkWQ ykbu vkosnu ds fy, vkosnu&i= 20 vDVwcj] 2009 ls dsujk

cSad dh ns'kHkj esa pquh gqbZ 'kk[kkvksa ij miyC/k djk, x, gSa] tgk° ls bUgsa fu/kkZfjr 'kqYd pqdkdj 27 uoEcj] 2009 rd izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSfoojf.kdk rFkk vkosnu&i= dsUÊh; ekË;fed f'k{kk cksMZ ds ubZ fnYyh fLFkr eq[;ky; ls cSad M™k∂V Hkstdj 18 uoEcj] 2009 ls iwoZ vFkok psUubZ@xqokgkVh@[email protected]<+@bykgkckn fLFkr {ks=h; dk;kZy;ksa ls udn ewY; nsdj Hkh izkIr fd, tk ldrs gSacksMZ ds dk;kZy; esa iw.kZ:i ls Hkjs gq, vkosnu&i= jftLVMZ@LihM iksLV }kjk 4 fnlEcj] 2009 rd Lohdkj fd, tk,axs- bl lEcU/k esa foLr`r tkudkjh gsrq 21 vDVwcj] 2009 dk ^fgUnqLrku VkbEl* (ubZ fnYyh) ns[ksami;qZDr ijh{kk ds fy, midkj izdk'ku }kjk izdkf'kr fuEufyf[kr iqLrdksa dk v/;;u djsaμ * Upkar CBSE Biology 90/* Upkar CBSE Chemistry 105/* Upkar CBSE Physics 102/* Upkar CBSE (Combined Guide)335/-

fnYyh iqfyl esa dk°LVsfcyksa (dk;Zdkjh) dh HkrhZ fnYyh iqfyl esa iq#"k dk°LVsfcyksa (,DthD;wfVo) ds 6302 o efgyk dk°LVsfcy (,DthD;wfVo) ds 416 inksa ij HkrhZ ds fy, bPNqd ,oa ik= vH;fFkZ;ksa ls fuËkkZfjr izk:i ij 28 uoEcj] 2009 rd izkFkZuk&i= vkeaf=r fd, x, gSa- miyCËk fjfDr;ksa esa ls dqN fjfDr;k° fofHkUu oxks± ds vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, fu;ekuqlkj vkjf{kr gSa- bl HkrhZ ds rgr~ ns'k Hkj ds vH;FkhZ vkosnu ds ik= gSa'kSf{kd ;ksX;rkμ10+2 (fnYyh iqfyl dfeZ;ksa ,oa fnYyh iqfyl esa xqzi Mh ds dk;Zjr~ vFkok lsokfuo`Ÿk vFkok fnoaxr deZpkfj;ksa ds iq=&iqf=;ksa ds ekeys esa 11oha d{kk ikl dks gh vkosnu dh vuqefrvk;q lhekμ 1 tqykbZ] 2009 dks iq#"k vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, 18–21 o"kZ rFkk efgyk vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, 18–25 o"kZ (fofHkUu ekeyksa esa vk;q lhek esa fu;ekuqlkj NwV miyCËk gS)bl HkrhZ ds fy, vgZrk nkSM+ o 'kkjhfjd ekirkSy dks iwjk djus okys mEehnokjksa dks Ms<+ ?k.Vs dh fyf[kr ijh{kk esa 'kkfey fd;k tk,xk100 vadksa dh oLrqfu"B iz'uksa okyh bl ijh{kk esa rdZ'kfDr (35 vad)] lkekU; Kku@lelkef;d ekeys (50 vad) o la[;kRed vfHk#fp (15 vad) ds iz'u gksaxsbl HkrhZ gsrq vkosnu ds fy, vkosnu&i= dk izk:i bu inksa ds fy, foLr`r foKkiu esa fn, x, rjhds ls vFkok fnYyh iqfyl dh osclkbV ls izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS- iw.kZ :i ls Hkjs gq, vkosnu&i= foKkiu esa fufnZ"V irs ij 28 uoEcj] 2009 rd gh Lohdkj fd, tk,axs- bl HkrhZ ds lEcUËk esa vU; tkudkjh gsrq 7–13 vDVwcj] 2009 dk jkstxkj lekpkj ns[ksa-

mi;qZDr ijh{kk ds fy, fuEufyf[kr iqLrd dk vË;;u djsaμ midkj fnYyh iqfyl dk°LVsfcy 130/ijh{kk (ys[kd % MkW- yky ,oa tSu)

l'kL= lhek cy esa fofHkUu jkT;ksa ls fcgkj] NŸkhlx<+] fnYyh] gfj;k.kk] >kj[kaM] eË; izns'k o mŸkjk[kaM lfgr dk°LVsfcyksa (thMh) dh HkrhZ l'kL= lhek cy (SSB) es a fcgkj] NŸkhlx<+] fnYyh] gfj;k.kk] >kj[kaM] eË; izns'k o mŸkjk[kaM lfgr fofHkUu jkT;ksa ls dk°LVsfcyksa (tujy M~;wVh) ds fjDr inksa dh HkrhZ ds fy, ik= iq#"k vH;fFkZ;ksa ls fuËkkZfjr izk:i ij 10 uoEcj] 2009 rd vkosnu&i= vkeaf=r fd, x, gSa- miyCËk fjfDr;ksa esa ls dqN fjfDr;k° fofHkUu oxks± ds vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, vkjf{kr gSa- fjfDr;ksa dh la[;k ?kV&c<+ ldrh gS'kS{kf.kd ;ksX;rkμ eSfV™d ;k led{k ijh{kk mŸkh.kZvk;q lhekμ 1 vxLr] 2009 dks 18– 23 o"kZ - fofHkUu ekeyks a es a vk;q lhek es a fu;ekuqlkj NwV miyCËk gSbl HkrhZ ds rgr~ vH;fFkZ;ksa dk p;u 'kkjhfjd n{krk ijh{kk] fyf[kr ijh{kk] fpfdRldh; ijh{kk rFkk lk{kkRdkj ds vkËkkj ij fd;k tk,xk- dqy 100 vadksa dh oLrqfu"B fdLe dh fyf[kr ijh{kk esa lkekU; tkx:drk@ lkekU; Kku] izkjfEHkd xf.kr ds Kku] fo'ys"kdh; vfHk#fp vkfn dh ijh{kk gksxh- bl HkrhZ ds lEcUËk esa vkosnu&i= ds izk:i o vU; foLr`r tkudkjh ds fy, 24–30 vDVwcj] 2009 dk jkstxkj lekpkj ns[ksami;qZDr ijh{kk ds fy, midkj izdk'ku }kjk izdkf'kr l'kL= lhek cy dk°LVsfcy HkrhZ ijh{kk (tujy M~;wVh) iqLrd dk vË;;u ykHkdkjh gksxk- iqLrd dk vaxzsth laLdj.k Hkh miyCËk gS-

Hkkjr&frCcr lhek iqfyl esa fof'k"V dSMj ds inksa dh HkrhZ Hkkjr&frCcr lhek iqfyl (ITBP) esa dk°LVsfcy (jsfM;ks vkWijsVj) ds 217 rFkk dk°LVsfcy (jsfM;ks VsDuhf'k;u) ds 215 dk°LVsfcy ykbueSu ds 19, gSM dk°LVsfcy (eksVj eSdsfud) ds 49 dk°LVsfcy (eksVj eSdsfud) ds 35 o dk°LVsfcy (M™kboj) ds 500 xqzi lh inksa ij HkrhZ ds fy, bPNqd ,oa ik= vH;fFkZ;ksa ls fuËkkZfjr izk:i ij 23 uoEcj] 2009 rd vkosnu&i= vkeaf=r fd, x, gSa (nwjnjkt ds pquhank fufnZ"V LFkkuksa ds vH;fFkZ;ksa ds vkosnu&i= Lohdkj fd, tkus dh vafre frfFk 30 uoEcj] 2009 gS)miyCËk fjfDr;ksa esa ls dqN fjfDr;k° fofHkUu oxks± ds vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, fu;ekuqlkj vkjf{kr gSafjfDr;ksa dh la[;k ?kV&c<+ ldrh gS-

izfr;ksfxrk niZ.k@fnlEcj@2009/863

ik=rk dh 'kr±sμ in

vk;q lhek 'kSf{kd o vU; vfuok;Z ;ksX;rk,a uoEcj] 2009 18 ls 23 o"kZ (i) vaxzsth] xf.kr] lkekU; foKku (;k HkkSfrd o jlk;u'kkL=) ds lkFk eSfV™d ;k led{k ;ksX;rk(ii) mUgsa ojh;rk nh tk,xh] ftlds ikl vkbZ-Vh-vkbZ- ;k lapkj eU=ky; ls VsyhxzkfQd ;k vkWijsVj dk izek.k&i= gksxk] c'krsZ os ;ksX;rk ijh{kk mŸkh.kZ djsa20 ls 25 o"kZ (i) vaxzsth] xf.kr] lkekU; foKku (;k HkkSfrd o jlk;u'kkL=) ds lkFk eSfV™d ;k led{k ;ksX;rk(ii) fdlh ekU;rk izkIr laLFkku ls jsfM;ks ;k bysDV™kWfuDl ;k nwjlapkj vFkok bysDV™kWfuDl rFkk lapkj vfHk;kfU=dh esa rhu o"khZ; fMIyksek18 ls 23 o"kZ eSfV™d ;k led{k ;ksX;rkokaNuh;μvkS|ksfxd izf'k{k.k laLFkku ;k vU; fdlh ekU;rk izkIr laLFkku ls [email protected]&i= dkslZ18 ls 25 o"kZ (i) eSfV™d ;k led{k ;ksX;rk(ii) fdlh iz[;kr dk;Z'kkyk esa bl fo/kk esa 3 o"khZ; O;kogkfjd vuqHko ;k vkWVkseksckby bathfu;jh esa 3 o"khZ; fMIyksek ds lkFk fdlh ekU;rk izkIr laLFkku@vkbZ-Vh-vkbZ- ls eksVj eSdsfud esa izek.k&i=18 ls 25 o"kZ (i) eSfV™d ;k led{k ;ksX;rk(ii) vkWVkseksckby@eksVj eSdsfud fo/kk esa fdlh ekU;rk izkIr laLFkk ls vkbZ-Vh-vkbZ- ls izek.k&i=20 ls 25 o"kZ (i) eSfV™d ;k led{k ;ksX;rk(ii) gYds@e/;e@lHkh okguksa gsrq oS/k M™kbfoax ykblsal gks lkFk easa] M™kbfoax esa de&ls&de 2 o"kZ dk vuqHko gks-

23

dk°LVsfcy (jsfM;ks vkWijsVj)

dk°LVsfcy (jsfM;ks rduhf'k;u

dk°LVsfcy (ykbueSu) gSM dk°LVsfcy (eksVj eSdfs ud dk°LVsfcy (eksVj eSdfs ud dk°LVsfcy (M™kboj)

fofHkUu ekeyksa esa vk;q lhek esa fu;ekuqlkj NwV mi;qZDr HkfRkZ;ksa esa miyCËk gSa- bu inksa ds fy, vk;ksftr dh tkus okyh fyf[kr ijh{kk esa oLrqfu"B rFkk fooj.kkRed Lo:i dh ijh{kk,a lekfo"V gksaxh- inksa dh vko';drkuqlkj iz'u&i= esa lkekU; tkx:drk @ lkekU; Kku] lkekU; vaxzsth] izkjfEHkd xf.kr ds Kku rFkk vos{k.k o foHksn iSVuZ dh ;ksX;rk rFkk vaxzsth esa mEehnokj ds cqfu;knh Kku dh tk°p djus gsrq iz'u gks ldrs gSa (lHkh inksa dh vko';drkuq:i iz'u&i= vyx&vyx fo"k; ij vk/kkfjr gksaxs- iz'u&i=ksa ds mŸkj fgUnh esa ;k vaxzsth esa fn, tk ldrs gSadsoy os mEehnokj vxyh ijh{kkvksa gsrq ik= gksax]s tks fyf[kr ijh{kk esa U;wure ;ksX;rk ekun.M gkfly djsaxsbu HkfrZ;ksa ds lEcUËk es vkosnu&i= ds izk:i o vU; foLr`r tkudkjh gsrq jkstxkj lekpkj ns[ksami;qZDr ijh{kk ds fy, midkj izdk'ku }kjk izdkf'kr Hkkjr&frCcr lhek iqfyl cy dk°LVsfcy (jsfM;ks vkWijsVj) ijh{kk dk vË;;u ykHkdkjh gksxk-

bafM;u cSad esa izkscs'kujh vfËkdkfj;ksa dh fjfDr;k° lkoZtfud {ks= ds bafM;u cSad esa izkcs 's kujh vfËkdkfj;ksa ds dqy 118 inksa ij HkrhZ ds fy, ik= mEehnokjksa ls vkosnu&i= vkWu ykbu vkefU=r fd, x, gSa- miyCËk fjfDr;ksa esa ls dqN

fjfDr;k° fofHkUu oxks± ds vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, fu;ekuqlkj vkjf{kr gSa- fjfDr;ksa dh la[;k ?kV&c<+ ldrh gS'kSf{kd ;ksX;rkμ(d) de&ls&de 55 izfr'kr (vkjf{kr oxks± ds fy, 50 izfr'kr) vadksa ds lkFk Lukrd vFkok led{k] ([k) okafNr dEI;wVj izoh.krk ds lEcUËk esa izfrf"Br laLFkk ls izek.k&i=vk;q lhekμ1 flrEcj] 2009 dks 21– 30 o"kZ - fofHkUu ekeyks a es a vk;q lhek es a fu;ekuqlkj NwV miyCËk gSbl HkrhZ gsrq vkosnu ds fy, vH;fFkZ;ksa dks 16 uoEcj] 2009 rd vkWu ykbu vkosnu djuk gksxk- HkrhZ ds fy, yh tkus okyh ijh{kk esa oLrqfu"B o o.kZukRed nksuksa gh fdLe ds iz'u&i= gksax-s 135 feuV dh oLrqfu"B ijh{kk esa rdZ'kfDr] la[;kRed vfHk;ksX;rk] lkekU; tkx:drk o vaxzsth Hkk"kk dh 200 vadksa dh ijh{kk gksxho.kZukRed ijh{kk ,d ?k.Vs dh gksxh- bl ijh{kk eas fgUnh vFkok vaxzsth Hkk"kk esa mŸkj fn, tk ldssaxs- fyf[kr ijh{kk dh lEHkkfor frfFk 17 tuojh] 2010 gSbl HkrhZ ds lEcUËk esa vkonsu&i= ds izk:i o vU; foLr`r tkudkjh ds fy, 24–30 vDVwcj] 2009 dk jkstxkj lekpkj rFkk cSad dh osclkbV ns[ksami;qZDr ijh{kk ds fy, midkj izdk'ku }kjk izdkf'kr cSad ih- vks- ijh{kk ls lEcfUËkr iqLrdksa dk vË;;u djsa-

iatkc us'kuy cSad esa vfËkdkfj;ksa dh HkrhZ lkoZtfud {ks= ds iatkc us'kuy cSad esa ts,eth Ldsy&I esa vfËkdkjh (vkbZVh&cSafdax Mksesu) ds 227 inksa ij fu;qfDr gsrq lq;ksX; mEehnokjksa ls vkWuykbu vkosnu&i= 7 uoEcj] 2009 rd vkeaf=r fd, x, gSa- fofHkUu oxks± ds mEehnokjksa ds fy, fu;ekuqlkj vkj{k.k dk izkoËkku bl HkrhZ ds rgr~ miyCËk gS- fjfDr;ksa dh la[;k ?kV&c<+ ldrh gSvk;q lhekμ( 1 tq y kbZ ] 2009 dks ) U;wure 21 o"kZ o vfËkdre 45 o"kZ'kS{kf.kd ;ksX;rkμ fdlh Hkh {ks= esa Lukrd dh fMxzhvuqHkoμfdlh cSad esa dksj cSafdax lkWY;w'ku (fQusdy) 'kk[kk esa ,d o"kZ dk vuqHkofofHkUu oxks± ds fy, vk;q lhek esa fu;ekuqlkj NwV miyCËk gSbl HkrhZ ds fy, fyf[kr izfr;ksfxrk ijh{kk 20 fnlEcj] 2009 dks vk;ksftr dh tk,xh- bl HkrhZ ds lEcUËk esa foLr`r tkudkjh gsrq 24–30 vDVwcj] 2009 dk jkstxkj lekpkj vFkok cSad dh osclkbV www.pnbindia.com ns[ksa-

ekyok xzkeh.k cSad esa vfËkdkfj;ksa rFkk dk;kZy; lgk;dksa dh fjfDr;k° LVsV cSad vkWQ ifV;kyk }kjk izk;ksftr ekyok xzkeh.k cSad Ldsy&I vfËkdkfj;ksa ds 38 rFkk dk;kZy; lgk;dksa ds 72 inksa ij HkrhZ ds fy, iatkc ds vfËkoklh ik= mEehnokjksa ls fuËkkZfjr izk:i ij 24 uoEcj] 2009 rd vkonsu&i= vkefU=r fd, x, gSa- miyCËk fjfDr;ksa esa ls dqN fjfDr;k° fofHkUu oxks± ds fy, fu;ekuqlkj vkjf{kr gSa'kSf{kd ;ksX;rkμLdsy&I vfËkdkjh ds in gsrq& de&ls&de 50 izfr'kr (vuq-tkfr@ tutkfr ds mEehnokjksa ds ekeys esa 45 izfr'kr) vadksa ds lkFk Lukrd ;k led{k mikfËkdk;kZy; lgk;d in gsrqμ U;wure 50 izfr'kr vadksa ds lkFk Lukrd ;k led{k vFkok de&ls&de 50 izfr'kr vadksa ds lkFk 10 + 2/ gk;j lsds.Mjh vFkok cSafdax fMIyksek vFkok de&ls&de 60 izfr'kr vadksa ds lFk eSfV™d ;k led{k (vuqtkfr@tutkfr ds mEehnokjksa ds ekeyksa esa izkIrkad izfr'kr esa 5 izfr'kr fcUnq dh NwV) LFkkuh; Hkk"kk@iatkch esa n{krk o vaxzsth dk Kku nksuksa gh inksa ds fy, vko';d gS- dEI;wVj dh fuËkkZfjr ;ksX;rk okys vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ojh;rk nh tk,xhvk;q lhekμ 31 fnlEcj] 2009 dks 18– 26 o"kZ- fofHkUu ekeyksa esa vk;q lhek esa fu;ekuqlkj NwV miyCËk gSvfËkdkjh ds in gsrq HkrhZ ds fy, yh tkus okyh oLrqfu"B ijh{kk esa rdZ'kfDr la[;kRed vfHk#fp] lkekU; tkx:drk o vaxzsth Hkk"kk

izfr;ksfxrk niZ.k@fnlEcj@2009/864

dh ijh{kk gksxh- ;g ijh{kk 24 tuojh] 2010 dks lEiUu gksxh- dk;kZy; lgk;d in gsrq fyf[kr ijh{kk 31 tuojh] 2010 dks gksxh oLrqfu"B fdLe dh bl ijh{kk esa rdZ{kerk] la[;kRed {kerk] lkekU; vaxzsth o fyfidh; dkS'ky dh ijh{kk gksxhbl HkrhZ ds lEcUËk esa vkosnu&i= ds izk:i o vU; foLr`r tkudkjh ds fy, 24–30 vDVwcj] 2009 dk jkstxkj lekpkj ns[ksami;qZDr ijh{kk ds fy, midkj izdk'ku }kjk izdkf'kr xzkeh.k cSd a fyfid@dSf'k;j HkrhZ ijh{kk o xzkeh.k cSad vfËkdkjh laoxZ HkrhZ ijh{kk iqLrdksa dk vË;;u ykHkdkjh gksxk-

fgekpy xzkeh.k cSad esa fyfid lg&jksdfM+;ksa dh fjfDr;k° fgekpy xzkeh.k cSad esa fyfid lg& jksdfM+;k (dk;kZy; lgk;d) ds 67 inksa ij HkrhZ ds fy, ik= mEehnokjksa ls fuËkkZfjr izk:i ij 20 uoEcj] 2009 rd vkosnu&i= vkefU=r fd, x, gSa- miyCËk fjfDr;ksa esa ls dqN fjfDr;k° fofHkUu oxks± ds fy, fu;ekuqlkj vkjf{kr gSa'kSf{kd ;ksX;rkμLukrd ;k led{k vFkok de&ls&de 50 izfr'kr vadksa ds lkFk 10+2 @gk;j lsd.Mjh vFkok cSafdax fMIyksek vFkok de&ls&de 60 izfr'kr vadksa ds lkFk eSfV™d ;k led{k LFkkuh; Hkk"kk@fgUnh esa n{krk o vaxzsth dk Kku vko';d gS- dEI;wVj dh fuËkkZfjr ;ksX;rk okys vH;fFkZ;ks dks ojh;rk nh tk,xhvk;q lhekμ1 flrEcj] 2009 dks 18– 26 o"kZ- fofHkUu ekeyksa esa vk;q lhek esa fu;ekuqlkj NwV miyCËk gSbl jksdfM+;k in gsrq fyf[kr ijh{kk 17 tuojh] 2010 dks gksxh- oLrqfu"B fdLe dh bl ijh{kk eas rdZ{kerk] la[;kRed {kerk] fyfidh; dkS'ky o lkekU; vaxzsth dh ijh{kk gksxhbl HkrhZ ds lEcUËk esa vkosnu&i= ds izk:i o vU; foLr`r tkudkjh ds fy, 31 vDVwcjμ 6 uoEcj 2009 dk jkstxkj lekpkj ns[ksami;qZDr ijh{kk ds fy, midkj izdk'ku }kjk izdkf'kr xzkeh.k cSad fyfid@dSf'k;j HkrhZ ijh{kk o xzkeh.k cSad vfËkdkjh laoxZ HkrhZ ijh{kk iqLrdksa dk vË;;u ykHkdkjh gksxk-

fnYyh U;kf;d lsok izkjfEHkd ijh{kk (DJS Examination 2010) fnYyh dh tqMhf'k;y lsokvksa esa U;k;kËkh'kksa dh fu;qfDr;ksa ds fy, vk;ksftr dh tkus okyh fnYyh U;kf;d lsok (eq[;) ijh{kk esa 'kkfey djus ds fy, vH;fFkZ;ksa dh vgZrk fuËkkZj.k gsrq igys pj.k esa oLrqfu"B fdLe ds iz'uksa okyh fnYyh U;kf;d lsok izkjfEHkd ijh{kk (Delhi Judicial Service Preliminary Examination) dk vk;kstu fnYyh mPp

U;k;ky; }kjk 31 tuojh] 2010 dks fd;k tk,xkfu;qfDr;ksa ds fy, miyCËk fjDr inksa dh ekStwnk la[;k 36 gS] fdUrq 50 vfrfjDr in l`ftr gksus dh lEHkkouk gS- fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa ds vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, fu;ekuqlkj vkj{k.k dk izkoËkku miyCËk gS'kS{kf.kd ;ksX;rkμ fofËk Lukrd ,oa ,MoksdsV ,DV ds rgr~ izSfDVl dh vgZrkvk;q lhekμ (1 tuojh] 2011 dks)μ vfËkdre 30 o"kZ- fofHkUu ekeyksa eas vk;q lhek esa fu;ekuqlkj NwV miyCËk gSbl izfr;ksxh ijh{kk esa 'kkfey gksus ds fy, vkosnu&i= fuËkkZfjr 'kqYd pqdkdj fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; ls 30 uoEcj] 2009 rd izkIr fd, tk ldrs gSa- vH;fFkZ;ksa ds iw.kZ :i ls Hkjs gq, vkosnu&i= fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; esa lEcfUËkr dk;kZy; esa Lohdkj fd, tkus dh vafre frfFk 1 fnlEcj] 2009 gS- bl ijh{kk ds lEcUËk esa vU; foLr`r tkudkjh gsrq fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; dh osclkbV ns[ksami;qZDr ijh{kk ds fy, midkj izdk'ku }kjk izdkf'kr fnYyh U;kf;d lsok izk- ijh{kk dk vË;;u ykHkdkjh gksxk- iqLrd dk vaxzsth laLdj.k Hkh miyCËk gS-

MhvkjMhvks esa lhfu;j VsfDudy vflLVsaV o VsDuhf'k;u ds inksa ij HkrhZ Hkkjr ds j{kk vuqlaËkku ,oa fodkl laxBu (DRDO) esa fofHkUu fo"k;ksa esa lhfu;j VsfDudy vflLVsaV&ch (STA-B) ds dqy feykdj 221 rFkk VsDuhf'k;u&, (Tech-A) ds dqy 100 inkas

ij fu;qfDr gsrq lq;ksX; mEehnokjksa ls fuËkkZfjr izk:i ij vkosnu&i= MhvkjMhvks ds lsaVj QkWj ilZuy VsysaV eSustesasV (CEPTAM) }kjk 30 uoEcj] 2009 rd vkeaf=r fd, x, gSa- fofHkUu oxks± ds mEehnokjksa ds fy, fu;ekuqlkj vkj{k.k dk izkoËkku bl HkrhZ ds rgr~ miyCËk gS- fjfDr;ksa dh la[;k ?kV c<+ ldrh gS'kS{kf.kd ;ksX;rkμ ,lVh,&B gsrqμ ch,llh vFkok lEcfUËkr fo"k; esa f=o"khZ; fMIyksek] VsDuhf'k;u ds in gsrq 10oha mŸkh.kZ rFkk lEcfUËkr fo"k; esa vkbZVhvkbZ fMIyksek vk;q lhekμ (vkosnu dh vafre frfFk dks)μ 18–28 o"kZfofHkUu oxks± ds fy, vk;q lhek esa fu;ekuqlkj NwV miyCËk gSnksuksa gh inksa ij HkrhZ ds fy, vk;ksftr dh tkus okyh fyf[kr izfr;ksfxrk ijh{kk esa oLrqfu"B fdLe ds 150 iz'uksa esa 30 iz'u tujy vos;juSl] tujy baVsyhtsal o jhtfuax ds gksaxsnks ?k.Vs dh vofËk ds bl iz'u&i= esa 120 iz'uksa dk nwljk Hkkx lEcfUËkr fo"k; dk gksxk- bl HkrhZ ds lEcUËk esa vkosnu&i= ds izk:i o vU; foLr`r tkudkjh gsrq 24–30 vDVwcj] 2009 dk jkstxkj lekpkj ns[ksazzz

[kstk x;k ;g ikS|k ‘fipj’ ifjokj d`k lnL; gS vkSj ;g pkj œ`hV ls Hh vf|d` ¥Eck gksrk gS\ æks| n¥ us vk'p;Z

e~R;q ls Bhd` ig¥s fnekx eÍ ;g gkbZ oksYVst ˜tkZ d`k foLœ`ksV d`jrk gS\ D;k ;g vkRek }kjk æjhj NksÈMus d`h foLœ`ksV gksrk gS e~R;q ls Bhd` ig¥s euqÆ; d`h vuqHwfr;k∑ ·uh;j Msƒ ,Dlihfj,al%,uMh,‚ D;k gksrh gß\ vk|qfud`] mUur ,oa laosnuæh¥ ;a(kÍ d`h lgk;rk ls bl igs¥h d`ks mtkxj d`jus ds` f¥, oSKkfud` æks| d`j jgs gß\ vc rd` ¥ksx rjg-rjg d`h vuqHwfr;kÍ d`k mY¥s[ d`j jgs gß« tSlsfd` vkRek d`k æjhj ls v¥x gksus d`k vkHkl] vkd`kæxeu d`k vuqHo] ije ækafr] lqj”k vkSj mRlkg d`h vuqHwfr] H;kog n~';] ^d`kæ d`h mifLƒfr ·ftls dq`N ¥ksx vkRek d`h ekStwnxh ekurs gß‚] vkfn\ lkekU;r# ;s rF; rc ^d`V gksrs gß] tc euqÆ; e~R;q ds` fud`V gksrk gS\

^f∂`;k rks ugÓ gS = æks| vHh tkjh gS\

lLrk gksxk lkSje≥M¥ eÍ lSjlikVk

lkSje≥M¥ eÍ ,d` xzg ls nwljs xzg rd` d`k lSjlikVk d`juk lLrk gksxk\ uklk ds` oSKkfud` varfj” eÍ xzgkÍ vkSj muds` panzekvkÍ ds` chp d`kWfjMksj cukus d`h rS;kjh d`j jgs gß\ ;g d`kWfjMksj ,sls xf¥;kjs ls gksd`j tk,xk tgk∑ xzgkÍ vkSj muds` panzekvkÍ ds` xq:Rokd`"Z. c¥kÍ ds` chp ¯[pko lcls d`e gksrk gS\ blls varfj” ;ku] orZeku le; ls nl xquk d`e bÛ|u eÍ ;k(k d`j ldÍ`xs\ blls |u d`h d`eh ls tw> jgs varfj” d`k;Z∂`e rƒk varfj”h; i;ZVu ;kstuk eÍ ubZ tku vk tk,xh\ ftl ^d`kj leqnzh t¥iksr egklkxjh; |kjkvkÍ ds` lkƒ lj¥rk ls d`e bÛ|u eÍ ;k(k d`jrs gß] ,slk gh xf¥;kjk varfj” eÍ lkSje≥M¥ ds` xzgkÍ vkSj muds` panzekvkÍ ds` chp fu|kZfjr fd`;k x;k gS\ ;g xf¥;kjk likZd`kj VΩ;wckÍ d`h rjg gksxk] ftueÍ xq:Rokd`"Z. c¥kÍ ds` chp larq¥u gksxk\ blls lkSje≥M¥ ds` vU; xzgkÍ eÍ thou rƒk i;kZoj. ds` ckjs eÍ vf|d` tkud`kjh ^kIr d`j ldÍ`xs\ VΩ;wc d`k ^kjfEHd` fljk l∑d`jk vkSj NksVk gksxk rƒk vkxs cÈ<us ds` lkƒ pkSÈMk gksrk tk,xk\ blls xzgkÍ ds` e~R;q ls iwoZ efLrÆd` d`h xfrfof|;kÍ d`k fjd`kWMZ panzekvkÍ ds` chp d`h ;k(k vR;Ur lj¥ gk¥ gh eÍ vejhd`k ds` tkWtZ ok¯æxVu gks tk,xh\ i~Foh vkSj eax¥ ds` chp bl fo'ofo»k¥; ds` esfMd`¥ lsUVj eÍ rjg ds` d`kWfjMksj VΩ;wc ds` fuekZ. eÍ vHh fpfd`Rld`kÍ d`ks xEHhj jksfx;kÍ d`h ej.klUu le; ¥xsxk\ fLƒfr eÍ muds` efLrÆd` d`h xfrfof|;kÍ d`ks fjd`kWMZ d`jus eÍ lœ`¥rk fe¥h gS\ pwgs-fx¥gjh d`ks pV d`jus ok¥s ikS|s fpfd`Rld`kÍ d`ks bu jksfx;kÍ ds` v÷;;u eÍ d`h [kst ekSr ls ig¥s muds` fnekx eÍ ,d` tSlh d`hV-iraxkÍ d`k H”. d`jus ok¥s rjaxkÍ d`h g¥p¥ fn[kbZ nh\ ekSr ls dq`N eka l kgkjh ikS|kÍ ds` ckjs eÍ ge lHh tkurs gh ”. ig¥s bu ejhtkÍ d`ks efLrÆd`-rjaxkÍ gß ] ¥s f d`u gk¥ gh eÍ oSKkfud`kÍ us ,d` ,sls d`h xfrfof| ds` Ôi eÍ ,d` |ekds` d`k vuqHo gqvk] tks ,d` æw¥ ds` Ôi eÍ mBk\ cÈMs ekalkgkjh ikS|s d`h [kst d`h gS] tks lkrkÍ ejhtkÍ eÍ bld`h rhozrk vkSj vof| cÈMs-cÈMs pwgkÍ rƒk fx¥gfj;kÍ d`ks œ`k∑ld`j ¥xHx leku ƒh\ bl vof| eÍ ejhtkÍ d`k lj¥rk ls pV d`j tkrk gS\ bl ikS|s d`h psruk-Lrj tk∑pus ds` f¥, bZ\lh\lh\ d`k [kst fœ`¥hihUl fLƒr ekmaV foDVksfj;k mi;ksx fd`;k tk jgk ƒk\ ds` ,d` vfH;ku ds` nkSjku fczfVæ ouLifræks| n¥ ds` vuqlkj] tc efLrÆd` eÍ ækL(h LVhokVZ eSd`œ`lZu ,oa muds` æks| jDr-^okg vpkud` can gks tkrk gS] rc n¥ us d`h\ ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/865

fœ`¥hihUl ds` ekmaV foDVksfj;k eÍ fe¥k ;g``ikS|k

O;Dr fd`;k gS fd` ;g lcls cÈMk ekalkgkjh ikS|k fd`l rjg 21 oÓ lnh rd` vn~'; jgk\ ‘,iÍ;sl ,Vucjks’ uked` bu u, [ksts x, ikS|s d`ks fczVsu ds` ^Î`fr-foæs"K MsfoM ,Vucjks d`k uke fn;k x;k gS\ vf|d`kaæ ekalkgkjh ikS|s d`hV-iraxkÍ d`k fæd`kj d`jrs gß] ¥sfd`u ;g ikS|k] dq`rjus ok¥s cÈMs tUrqvkÍ ·jksMÍVΩl‚ d`k H”. lj¥rk ls d`j ¥srk gS\ bl ikS|s ds` ‘fiplZ’] eVd`k tSls vkd`kj ds` rƒk cÈMs i®s d`h lajpuk eÍ cus gksrs gß\ ;s [ks[¥s gksrs gß rƒk bueÍ ¥lh¥k nzo Hjk gksrk gS\ d`hVkÍ rƒk jksMÍVΩl d`ks vkd`f"Zr d`jus ds` f¥, ;s ikS|s ,d` fofæÆV ^d`kj ds` jl lzkfor d`jrs gß\ tSls gh fæd`kj bleÍ fxjrk gS] rks og okil ugÓ vk ikrk gS\ tc fæd`kj bleÍ Mwc tkrk gS] rks bleÍ fo»eku vE¥ rƒk ,UtkbEl fæd`kj d`ks |hjs-|hjs x¥kd`j ekj nsrs gß vkSj ds`o¥ vfLƒ;k∑ gh æs" jg tkrh gß\

æq∂`k.q ls cÈ
≤n; d`k [rjukd` jksx Mk;¥sVsM ;g jkscksV fxjrs gq, mixzgkÍ d`ks ikfdÛ`x d`j mud`h ejEer d`jsxk\ ejEer d`kfMZ;ksek;ksiSƒh ·Mhlh,e‚ gS\ ;g ≤n; u gks ikus d`h næk eÍ] jkscksV bu mixzgkÍ d`h d`ksfæd`kvkÍ d`k jksx gS\ bleÍ fn¥ d`k d`ks Hw-fLƒj d`”k eÍ igq∑pk nsxk\ ;g 22 vkd`kj dq`N cÈ< tkrk gS rƒk og jDr d`k gtkj eh¥ d`h ˜∑pkbZ ij ,slk ”s( gS] tgk∑ igq∑pus ij phtÍ ,d` fu|kZfjr d`”k eÍ gh ?werh jgrh gß\ bl rjg ;g jkscksV i~Foh d`h d`”k eÍ fo»eku foukæ ds` lkeku d`ks fBd`kus ¥xkus eÍ egRoiw.Z Hwfed`k fuHk,xk\ bl jkscksV d`h ;kaf(d`h mUur gS vkSj jkscksV d`jsxk varfj” d`h lœ`kbZ ;g æwU; ls nks lkS fMxzh uhps ds` rki ij bl le; varfj” eÍ ¥k[kÍ d`h la“;k Hh d`ke d`j ld`rk gS\ eÍ d`pjs rSj jgs gß] ftUgÍ ‘Lisl tad`’ d`gk tkrk gS\ bud`h la“;k ¥xkrkj cÈ
d`ksfæd`kvkÍ ds` cwÈ
cq| xzg d`h Vksg%vlk|kj. lajpuk lw;Z ls nwjh ds` vk|kj ij cq| xzg ig¥s Lƒku ij gS\ [xks¥fonΩ tgk∑ lkSje≥M¥ ds` nwj ds` xzgkÍ] c~gLifr vkSj æfu ds` ckjs eÍ vf|d` tkurs gß] ogÓ cq| ds` ckjs eÍ cgqr d`e\ vU; xzgkÍ d`h rq¥uk eÍ cq| xzg d`k v÷;;u d`e gqvk gS] tcfd` ;g i~Foh ds` d`kœ`h fud`V gS\ æs" i~ÆB 872 ij ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/866

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ vuqizsjd`

;qok izfrHk ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

lqlac* v÷;;u] |S;Z rƒk ifjokjhtukÍ d`k fo'okl ,oa fe(kÍ d`k lg;ksx esjh lœ`¥rk ds` ew¥ rRo gß\ —vouhæ dq`ekj æj.

flfo¥ lsok ijh”k] 2008 eÍ fgUnh ek÷;e ls 77oÓ jÍd` ij p;fur la? ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx d`h ^frfÆBr flfo¥ lsok ijh”k eÍ fgUnh ek÷;e ls f}rh; ^;kl eÍ gh p;fur gksd`j Jh vouhæ dq`ekj æj. us fu'p; gh ,d` xkSjoiw.Z mi¥fC| vftZr d`h gS] ftlds` f¥, og lHh ^æalk ,oa gekjh gkfnZd` c|kbZ ds` ik( gß\ ^fr;ksfxrk niZ. ds` lkƒ mud`h egRoiw.Z HÍVokrkZ ;gk∑ ew¥Ôi eÍ ^Lrqr gS\ ^\ n\%flfo¥ lsok ijh”k eÍ ækunkj lœ`¥rk ij ^fr;ksfxrk niZ. ifjokj d`h vksj ls gkfnZd` c|kbZ\ Jh vouhæ%th] |U;okn\ ^\ n\%D;k vkius fiN¥s o"ksÛ d`h ijh”k ds` VkWilZ ds` lk”kRd`kj iÈ<s = bu VkWilZ eÍ ls fd`lh ls vki ^Hkfor gq, = vius ifj.ke d`ks tkuus ls ig¥s vki VkWilZ ds` ckjs eÍ D;k lksprs ƒs = Jh vouhæ%th gk∑] iÈs cÈMs HS;k ls œ`ksu ij fe¥h\ lekpkj lqud`j eßus [qæh eÍ gkƒ ˜ij mBk, vkSj vius fe( lR;nso d`ks x¥s ¥xk f¥;k ^\ n\%viuh lœ`¥rk d`k Js; fd`ld`ks nsuk pkgÍxs = Jh vouhæ%viuh lœ`¥rk d`k Js; nknkth] firkth-ekrkth] cÈMs HS;k] nhnhthtk] pkph] lwph lfgr vius iwjs ifjokj d`ks nsuk pkgw∑xk\ lkƒ gh fe(kÍ%lR;nso] v'ouh] jkfæ] ^Kk] vfHuo lfgr vius xq: MkW\ fod`kl rƒk ,¥\ ,l\ æj. d`ks nsuk pkgw∑xk\ ^\ n\%flfo¥ lsok%ds`o¥ ,d` gh ¥{; ƒk ;k fd`lh vkSj dS`fj;j fod`Yi ds` lkƒ-lkƒ rS;kjh d`j jgs ƒs\ ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/867

æj. ·O;kikj d`j vf|d`kjh‚ ds` ekxZnæZu eÍ rS;kjh ^kjEH d`j nh\ 2006 ds` ckn eß fnY¥h vk;k vkSj vius HS;k vtqZu æj. ds` ikl jgd`j rS;kjh d`h\ ^\ n\%cn¥rs gq, vkfƒZd` ifjn~'; eÍ futh ”s( eÍ vkt lsokvkÍ ds` ¥qHkous volj mi¥C| gksus ds` ckotwn vki flfo¥ lsokvkÍ eÍ cÈs flfo¥ lsok ds` egRo d`ks æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk% le>k;k\ eßus bls pqukSrh ds` Ôi eÍ f¥;k ch\,\%vkj\ch\ d`kW¥st] 2002, 60·7% rƒk oknk fd`;k fd` eß ;g ijh”k m®h.Z b≥Vj%vkj\ch\ d`kW¥st] 1998, 65% d`Ô∑xk\ eSfV_d`%vkj\,p\ Ldw`¥] 1996, 44·5% ^\ n\%og ”. d`c vk;k tc vkius flfo¥ lsokvkÍ eÍ dS`fj;j d`h lEHkouk,∑ ^\ n\%;g lœ`¥rk fd`rus ^;klkÍ eÍ r¥kæus d`k œS`l¥k f¥;k = ^kIr d`h vkSj vki vius fiN¥s ^;klkÍ d`k Jh vouhæ%Lukrd` m®h.Z d`jus ds` fo'¥s". d`j fd`l fuÆd`"Z ij igq∑ps tgk∑ ckn eßus flfo¥ lsok eÍ dS`fj;j d`h lœ`¥rk eÍ ck|k vkbÛ = lEHkouk,a r¥kæus d`k œS`l¥k f¥;k\ eßus Jh vouhæ%;g esjk nwljk ^;kl ƒk\ vkxs d`h iÈ
^\ n\%,sfPNd` fo";kÍ d`k pquko d`jrs gq, vkids` fopkj ,oa rdZ` vuqlkj D;k rRo egRoiw.Z gß vkSj D;k ugÓ = vkids` ,sfPNd` fo"; D;k ƒs ,oa buds` pquko d`k vk|kj D;k ƒk`= D;k vkius lHh ^;klkÍ eÍ ,sfPNd` fo"; leku j[s = Jh vouhæ%,sfPNd` fo";kÍ ds` p;u eÍ vfH:fp ikBΩ;-lkexzh d`h mi¥C|rk rƒk flfo¥ lsok ijh”k eÍ ml fo"; d`h lœ`¥rk egRoiw.Z rRo gS\ esjs ,sfPNd` fo"; bfrgkl ,oa fgUnh lkfgR; ƒs\ bfrgkl fo"; ls eßus Lukrd` ·^frÆBk‚ fd`;k gS] tcfd` fgUnh lkfgR; d`k p;u eßus ,d` lj¥ rƒk lgt fo"; gksus ds` ukrs fd`;k\ nksukÍ ^;klkÍ eÍ esjs fo"; leku ƒs\

O;fâ`xr foæs"rk,a ilanhnk O;fDrRo% bZ\ Jh|ju rƒk nsæ d`k ^R;sd` fd`lku\ lc¥ i”% ¥{; ds` ^fr leiZ.] vkRefo'okl rƒk |S;Z\ nqcZ¥ i”% vk¥L; rƒk fd`lh ij lgtrk ls fo'okl d`j ¥suk\ :`fp;k∑% f∂`ds`V [s¥uk rƒk ns[uk] cPpkÍ d`ks iÈ
^\ n\%bu lsokvkÍ eÍ vkius D;k ^kƒfed`rk nh gS = Jh vouhæ% IAS, IPS, IRS (IT), IRS (C & CE), IFS.

^\ n\%bl ijh”k d`h rS;kjh D;k ,d` fu;ksftr d`k;Z∂`e ij vk|kfjr ƒh = D;k vkius vius f¥, d`ksbZ ^;kl/le; lhek j[h ƒh ftleÍ vki bl ijh”k eÍ lœ`¥rk ^kIr d`j ldÍ` = Jh vouhæ%,d` ^fl* mfDr gS% ∏lcls csgrj j.uhfr gS%d`ksbZ j.uhfr ugÓ\π eßus bl ijh”k eÍ d`ksbZ oLrqfuÆB j.uhfr ugÓ cukbZ\ euksuqdw`¥ le;-lhek eÍ v÷;;u fd`;k\ eßus bl ^;kl d`ks vius vfUre ^;kl ds` Ôi eÍ ekuk ƒk\ ^\ n\%lkekU; v÷;;u d`h rS;kjh d`h D;k j.uhfr jgh = tSlk dq`N ijh”kfƒZ;kÍ eÍ ns[us eÍ vkrk gS fd` vad`kÍ ds` vk|kj ij ,sfPNd` fo";kÍ ij vis”kÎ`r vf|d` ÷;ku nsrs gß\ bl ckjs eÍ vkid`k D;k n~fÆVd`ks. gS = Jh vouhæ%lkekU; v÷;;u flfo¥ lsok ijh”k eÍ vR;Ur egRoiw.Z Lƒku j[rk gS\ d`e ifjJe eÍ csgrj vad` ik, tk ld`rs gß] vxj v˙;ƒhZ lelkef;d` ?VukvkÍ ds` ^fr tkxÔd` gks\ bl ijh”k eÍ ,sfPNd` fo";kÍ rƒk lkekU; v÷;;u eÍ lUrq¥u cukd`j j[uk pkfg,\ izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/868

^\ n\%le; ^cU|u%rS;kjh d`jrs le; ;k fœ`j ijh”k eÍ%le; ,d` egRoiw.Z d`kjd` gS\ D;k vkius bl nkSjku le; d`ks ¥sd`j d`ksbZ d`fBukbZ eglwl d`h = ;fn gk∑] rks dS`ls vkius bld`k lkeuk fd`;k`= Jh vouhæ%bl ijh”k eÍ le; ^cU|u vR;Ur egRoiw.Z rRo gS\ gk∑] eßus bl Lrj ij ƒksÈMh d`fBukbZ eglwl d`h\ pw∑fd` m®j ¥s[u d`k v˙;kl u d`j ikuk esjh d`etksjh jgh gS] blf¥, fgUnh lkfgR; ds` nksukÍ ^'u-i(kÍ eÍ esjk vfUre ^'u v|wjk jg x;k\ lkekU; v÷;;u ds` f}rh; ^'u-i( eÍ Hh 50 vad`kÍ ds` ^'u NwV x,\ ^\ n\%^kjfEHd` ijh”k ds` le; vkid`h D;k ^kƒfed`rk,a jgÓ = ^kjfEHd` ijh”k d`h lVhd` rS;kjh ds` f¥, fd`u foæs" phtkÍ d`k ÷;ku j[k vkSj dS`ls vkius usxsfVo ekfdÛ`x d`k lkeuk fd`;k`= Jh vouhæ% ● ^kjfEHd` ijh”k ds` f¥, eßus ew¥ iqLrd`kÍ d`k ¥xkrkj v÷;;u fd`;k\ ● vf|d` c¥ vo|kj.k ij fn;k u fd` ;kn d`jus ij\ ● lkekU; v÷;;u ds` f¥, baVjusV d`k Hh lgkjk f¥;k\ ● usxsfVo ekfdÛ`x d`ks ÷;ku eÍ j[d`j eßus ogh ^'u g¥ fd`,] ftleÍ eß ¥xHx iwjh rjg vk'oLr ƒk\ ^\ n\%vkius eq“; ijh”k gsrq viuh j.uhfr eÍ D;k cn¥ko fd`, = Jh vouhæ%eq“; ijh”k d`k œ`¥d` d`kœ`h O;kid` gksrk gS] d`ksbZ v˙;ƒhZ flœZ` jVd`j m®h.Z ugÓ d`j ld`rk\ eßus eq“; ijh”k ds` f¥, Quantity d`h txg Quality ij foæs" c¥ fn;k\ ^'ukÍ d`ks ckj-ckj iÈ rƒk fo"; d`h O;kid`rk\ ^\ n\%vkius lkekU; v÷;;u d`h rS;kjh ds` f¥, d`kSu-d`kSulh i(-if(d`kvkÍ ,oa iqLrd`kÍ d`k mi;ksx fd`;k = Jh vouhæ%lekpkj-i(%n fgUnw] tul®k] fgUnqLrku\

if(d`k%^fr;ksfxrk niZ.] ;kstuk] dq`:”s(\ ^\ n\%lk”kRd`kj d`h rS;kjh vkius dS`ls d`h vkSj vkid`k lk”kRd`kj d`c vkSj fd`l cksMZ eÍ ƒk = lk”kRd`kj dS`lk jgk vkSj fd`rus le; p¥k ,oa D;k-D;k ^'u iwNs x, = Jh vouhæ%eq“; ijh”k eÍ m®h.Zrk ds` ^fr vk'oLr ƒk] blf¥, œ`jojh ls gh vius fe(kÍ d`k ,d` xzqi cuk;k rƒk NnΩe lk”kRd`kj ^kjEH fd`;k\ eq“; ijh”k eÍ lœ`¥ gksus ds` ckn MkW\ fod`kl d`k ekxZnæZu ^kIr fd`;k\ bu lcd`k œ`¥ d`kœ`h ld`kjkRed` fud`¥k rƒk esjs xzqi d`k ijh”k ifj.ke vR;Ur ld`kjkRed` jgk\ vfH"sd` ·48oÓ jÍd`‚] fufruk ·394 jÍd`‚] eqds`æ (422 jÍd`‚] pUnzæs[j (738 jÍd`‚ lHh lœ`¥ jgs\ esjk lk”kRd`kj 13 v^S¥] 2009 d`ks vijkÕ l( eÍ ih\ ds`\ feJk lj ds` cksMZ eÍ ƒk\ lk”kRd`kj 30 feuV rd` p¥k\ vf|d`rj ^'u ck;ksMkVk ij vk|kfjr ƒs\ cksMZ d`k O;ogkj lg;ksxkRed` ƒk\ ^\ n\%fd`l æSf”d` Lrj ij flfo¥ lsokvkÍ d`h rS;kjh ds` ckjs eÍ lkspuk æqÔ d`juk pkfg,\ vkids` vuqlkj bl ijh”k d`h iw.Z rS;kjh eÍ fd`ruk le; ¥xuk pkfg, = Jh vouhæ%Lukrd` ds` f}rh; o"Z ls flfo¥ lsok d`h rS;kjh ds` ckjs eÍ Ôijs[k cuk ¥suh pkfg,\ Lukrd` m®h.Z d`jus ds` ckn xEHhjrk ls ¥x tkuk pkfg,\ 1–11 /2 o"Z d`k fujUrj v÷;;u bl ijh”k d`h m®h.Zrk ds` f¥, i;kZIr gS\ ^\ n\%vkids` vuqlkj foKku vkSj ekufod`h fo";kÍ eÍ ls fd`l fo"; ds` lkƒ ^;kl T;knk lgh gS = ,slh dq`N vo|kj.k,a gß fd` ekufod`h fo";kÍ ls lœ`¥rk ,oa foKku fo";kÍ ds` lkƒ vis”kÎ`r vf|d` vad` ^kIr fd`, tk ld`rs gß\ vkids` bl ckjs eÍ D;k fopkj gß = Jh vouhæ%;g ckr dq`N gn rd` lgh gS ij iwjh rjg ugÓ\ bl o"Z Hh vf|d`rj VkWilZ ekufod`h fo";kÍ ds` lkƒ m®h.Z gq, gß\ foKku fo";kÍ eÍ m®h.Zrk d`k cÈMk d`kj. fo";kÍ d`h oLrqfuÆBrk rƒk ikBΩ;-lkefxz;kÍ d`k mPp Lrj gS] ijUrq bu o"ksÛ eÍ ekufod`h fo";kÍ ds` ikBΩ;-lkexzh eÍ Hh i;kZIr xq.o®k vkbZ gS\ ^\ n\%vkids` vuqlkj bl ijh”k eÍ fgUnh ek÷;e d`ks ¥sd`j rS;kjh ,oa lœ`¥rk ^kIr d`jus ds` ckjs eÍ D;k fopkj gß = Jh vouhæ%fgUnh ek÷;e ls rS;kjh rƒk lœ`¥rk d`k ^frær ¥xkrkj cÈ
fgUnh ek÷;e eÍ Lrjh; iqLrd`kÍ d`k vHko lekIr gksrk tk jgk gS rƒk vuqfnr iqLrdÍ` ¥xkrkj vk jgh gß\ bl o"Z Hh rhljh jÍd` fgUnh ek÷;e ds` v˙;ƒhZ us ^kIr d`h gS\ ^\ n\%D;k ifjokj d`h æSf”d`] vkfƒZd` vkSj tukafd`d`h; fLƒfr d`k ^Hko v÷;;u ij iÈMrk gS`= ;fn gk∑ rks dS`ls`= Jh vouhæ%cgqr gn rd` iÈMrk gS\ vxj ifjokj eÍ flfo¥ lsok ijh”k ds` ^fr tkud`kjh d`k Lrj ˜∑pk gS] rks v˙;ƒhZ ij bld`k ld`kjkRed` vlj iÈMrk gS\ lkƒ gh vkfƒZd` fLƒfr vPNh gksus ls ukSd`jh ikus d`k ncko d`e gksrk gS] tks ^frHkxh d`ks flœZ` vkSj flœZ` IAS ij œ`ksd`l j[rk gS\ ^\ n\%flfo¥ lsok ijh”k d`h rS;kjh gsrq ^fr;ksxh if(d`k,a fd`l ^d`kj mi;ksxh gksrh gß = Jh vouhæ%^fr;ksxh if(d`k,a v˙;fƒZ;kÍ d`ks fujƒZd` HVd`ko ls cpkrh gß rƒk ,d` gh Lƒku ij fofo| fo";kÍ d`h leqfpr tkud`kjh mi¥C| d`jkrh gß\ ^\ n\%,d` ekud` dS`fj;j ,oa ^fr;ksxh if(d`k eÍ xq.o®k ds` vk|kj ij D;k foæs" lkexzh ,oa lad`¥u d`h vis”k j[rs gß = Jh vouhæ%,d` ekud` if(d`k eÍ lkjxfHZr] lj¥ rƒk lqcks| æS¥h eÍ fo";kÍ d`h vo|kj.kRed` LiÆVrk ds` lkƒ lkexzh mi¥C| gksuh pkfg,\ lkƒ gh v¥x-v¥x fo";kÍ ij Lrjh; ¥s[kÍ d`k fujUrj ^d`kæu visf”r gS\ ^\ n\%gk¥ gh eÍ ^d`kfær ,d` lEekuh; laLƒk }kjk fd`, x, losZ”. ds` vuqlkj æh"Z d`h 4 if(d`kvkÍ eÍ ls ,d` ,oa Hkjr eÍ lcls T;knk iÈ
vkSj vf|d` mi;ksxh cukus ds` f¥, d`ksbZ lq>ko nsuk pkgÍxs`= Jh vouhæ%^fr;ksfxrk niZ. flfo¥ lsok ijh”k ds` ^frHkxh ·foæs"d`j fgUnh ek÷;e‚ ds` f¥, vewY; ;ksxnku nsrk gS\ blds` lelkef;d` ¥s[ fucU| d`h rS;kjh ds ` f¥, vR;Ur egRoiw.Z Hwfed`k vnk d`jrs gß\ oLrqfuÆB lelkef;d` ?VukvkÍ d`k lad`¥u vR;Ur lkjxfHZr gksrk gS\ ,d` gh Lƒku ij ^frHkfx;kÍ d`ks d`kœ`h lkjh tkud`kfj;k∑ fe¥ tkrh gß\ ^\ n\%lkekU; v÷;;u ,oa dq`N ,sfPNd` fo";kÍ ds` vfrfjDrkad`kÍ d`h lhjht d`k D;k fd`lh Lrj ij mi;ksx fd`;k = fiN¥s d`bZ o"ksÛ ls ijh”kfƒZ;kÍ us bUgÍ cgqr mi;ksx fd`;k gS vkSj ljkgk gS = Jh vouhæ%eßus vƒZO;oLƒk ds` vfrfjDrkad` d`k v÷;;u fd`;k ƒk\ ;g vR;Ur mi;ksxh lkfcr gqvk\ ;g ‘xkxj eÍ lkxj’ ds` leku gS\ ^\ n\%‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ. okf"Zd`h’ vkid`ks dS`lh ¥xh = ijh”k iwoZ vkius lelkef;d`h ds` f¥, fd`ruk mi;ksxh ik;k = blds` ^d`kæu d`k le;] bld`k vkd`kj ,oa bld`h lkexzh ds` ckjs eÍ fopkj O;Dr d`jÍ\ Jh vouhæ%^fr;ksfxrk niZ. okf"Zd`h lelkef;d`h d`h rS;kjh ds` f¥, vR;Ur mi;ksxh lkfcr gqbZ\ ,d` gh if(d`k ls o"Z Hj d`h ?VukvkÍ d`h tkud`kjh ^kIr gqbZ\ ^\ n\%xq.o®k ds` iSekus ij ;fn 1 ls 10 rd` vk∑dÍ`] rks vki D;k Ld`ksj nsuk pkgÍxs = Jh vouhæ%‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ.’ ekfld` if(d`k%8, ‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ. vfrfjDrkad`’ % 8, ‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ. okf"Zd`h’%7\ ^\ n\%vkid`h lœ`¥rk d`k ew¥-ea( D;k gS =

SSC

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Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam. (According to the New Syllabus) Including Previous Years’ Solved Papers By : Dr. Lal & Jain Eng. Edition Code No. 332 Hindi Edition Code No. 1159

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Jh vouhæ%lqlac* v÷;;u] |S;Z] ifjokjhtukÍ d`k fo'okl rƒk fe(kÍ d`k lg;ksx\ blds` vfrfjDr firkth Jh ¥ksds`æ æj. ds` O;fDrxr la?"Z us ¥xkrkj IAS cuus d`ks ^sfjr fd`;k\ ^\ n\%d`ksbZ lq>ko ;k lansæ vkxkeh v˙;fƒZ;kÍ d`ks nsuk pkgÍxs = Jh vouhæ%grkæk d`ks ikl œ`Vd`us u nÍ rƒk ¥xkrkj ifjJe d`jÍ\ vKs; }kjk vuqfnr æS¥h d`h ;g d`fork ;kn j[Í% ∏d`bZ gjs-Hjs }hi vo'; gh gkÍxs] bl O;ƒk ds` xgjs vkSj œS`¥s lkxj eÍ\ ugÓ rks ƒd`k-gkjk lkxfjd`] ,sls ;k(k d`juk ugÓ d`gk ld`rk\π ^\ n\%vkius tks le; ,oa lg;ksx fn;k mlds` f¥, |U;okn\ ge vkids` mTTo¥ HfoÆ; d`h d`keuk d`jrs gß\ Jh vouhæ%th] |U;okn\ ●●●

c|kbZ lUns'k ;g cÈMs g"Z d`k fo"; gS fd` gekjs ,d` fu;fer ikBd` Jh lat; `dq`ekj jk;iqfj;k us ;w\th\lh\ usV ijh”k ·fnlEcj 2008 ‚ eÍ ^ƒe ^;kl eÍ gh fof| fo"; eÍ ts\vkj\,œ`\ eÍ p;fur gksd`j lœ`¥rk ^kIr d`h gS\ lwpukƒZ i( eÍ mUgkÍus viuh lœ`¥rk d`k vk|kj lat; dq`ekj jk;iqfj;k ^fr;ksfxrk niZ. if(d`k ,oa mid`kj ^d`kæu ds` rRlEcfU|r iqLrd`kÍ d`ks crk;k gS\ ge mud`h lœ`¥rk ij gkfnZd` c|kbZ ^sf"r d`jrs gq, muds` mTTo¥ HfoÆ; d`h d`keuk d`jrs gß\ % lEiknd`

Upkar’s Other Useful Books SSC Tax Assistant Exam. Solved Papers 60/New Pattern Test of Objective English (NPTOE) 130/Learn to Write Correct English (Eng.-Hindi) 199/Correct English How to Write It (Eng.-Eng.) 195/Objective General Knowledge 26/General Knowledge Digest 75/General Knowledge Overview with Current Affairs 40/Quicker Objective Arithmetic 190/,l\,l\lh\ d`j lgk;d` ijh{kk lkWYoMΩ isilZ 58/oLrqfuÆB lkekU; Kku] d`kSu D;k gS = 40/xf.rh; lw(d`ksæ 76/vkWCtsfDVo bUlVÍV vfjFkesfVd` 180/fDod`j oLrqfuÆB vad`xf.r 205/-

UPKAR PRAKASHAN ☎ Agra 4053333, Delhi 23251866, Patna 2226540, Indore 4053333, Charkhi Dadri (01250) 220120 ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/869

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ vuqizsjd`

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lqJh d~`Æ.k%;»fi flfo¥ lsok gh ,d`ek( ¥{; ƒk\ Job Security ds` f¥, eßus fæ{kk ds` {ks( eÍ Hh iz;kl fd`;k vkSj orZeku eÍ jkt\ mPp ek÷;\ fo»k¥;] ¥k[sjh ·cwUnh‚ eÍ laLd~`r O;k“;krk (PGT) in ij d`k;Zjr jgh gw∑\ ^\ n\%bl ijh”k eÍ cSBus d`k fu.Z; ¥sus ds` ckn vkid`k ig¥k d`ne D;k jgk= lqJh d~`Æ.k%lcls ig¥s :fp o fo";-lkexzh d`h mi¥C|rk ds` vk|kj ij oSd`fYid` fo";kÍ d`k pquko d`j eq“; ijh{kk ls lEcfU|r fcUnqvkÍ d`k xgu v÷;;u fd`;k\ lHh fo";kÍ d`ks leku egRo nsd`j nSfud` le; lkj.h rS;kj d`h o mld`k bZekunkjh ls ik¥u fd`;k\ izkjfEHd` ijh{kk ds` nks ekg iwoZ jktuhfr foKku o lkekU; v÷;;u ls lEcfU|r rF;kÍ d`k oLrqfuÆB v÷;;u fd`;k\ ^\ n\%bu ijh{kkvkÍ eÍ vkius D;k izkƒfed`rk,a nh gß= lqJh d~`Æ.k%esjh izkƒfed`rk jktLƒku izæklfud` lsok] Raj. Account Service, R. T. O., D. S. O., B. D. O. vkfn jgh gß\

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æSf”d` ;ksX;rk% izosfæd`k—Lo;aikBh (1991) 68% mPp ek÷;fed`%Lo;aikBh (1994) 75% ch\ ,\%Lo;aikBh (1998) 60% ,e\ ,\%Lo;aikBh (2000) 66% ch\ ,M\%o*Zeku egkohj [q¥k fo\ fo\ d`ksVk] (2003) 66% S. T. C.%jkt\ laLd~`r fæ{kd` izfæ{k. laLƒku] egkiqjk] t;iqj (1991–93) 67% iwoZ p;u% 1. SLET (RPSC }kjk vk;ks f tr‚ (2002) 2.

Ldw`¥ O;k“;krk ijh{kk (RPSC }kjk vk;ksftr‚

(2006)

^\ n\%lkekU; v÷;;u d`h rS;kjh d`h D;k j.uhfr jgh= tSlk dq`N ijh”kfƒZ;kÍ eÍ ns[us eÍ vkrk gS fd` vad`kÍ ds` vk|kj ij ,sfPNd` fo";kÍ ij vis”kd~`r vf|d` ÷;ku nsrs gß] bl ckjs eÍ vkid`k D;k n~fÆVd`ks. gS= lqJh d~`Æ.k%lkekU; v÷;;u ds` f¥, eßus izfr;ksfxrk niZ. ds` ekfld` vad`] Hwxks¥ ,oa vƒZO;oLƒk lEcU|h

vfrfjDrkad`] NCERT ds` d`{kk 10, 11, 12 d`h iqLrdÍ`] nSfud` lekpkj i(-iBu ds` lkƒ-lkƒ egRoiw.Z fo";kÍ ij cfgu jk|k æqD¥k] HkbZ MkW\ xq:izlkn æqD¥k] d~`Æ. eqjkjh eh.k o ikoZrh xqtZj ds` lkƒ fopkj-foeæZ d`ks foæs" egRo fn;k] ftlls fo'¥s".kRed` {kerk eÍ xgurk vkbZ\ NksVh cfgu jk|k æqD¥k ds` lkƒ jktLƒku lEcU|h fo";-oLrq d`k fopkj-foeæZ fd`;k\ ,sfPNd` fo"; ds` lkƒ-lkƒ vfuok;Z fo"; d`ks leku egRo nsd`j gh vki lœ`¥rk ds` fæ[j rd` igq∑p ld`rs gß\ ^\ n\%le; ^cU|u ·rS;kjh d`jrs le; ;k fœ`j ijh”k eÍ‚ le; ,d` egRoiw.Z d`kjd` gS\ D;k vkius bl nkSjku le; d`ks ¥sd`j d`ksbZ d`fBukbZ eglwl d`h= ;fn gk∑] rks dS`ls vkius bld`k lkeuk fd`;k= lqJh d~`Æ.k%lsokjr gksus ds` d`kj. bl ijh{kk d`h rS;kjh eÍ visf{kr le; ugÓ ns ikbZ rƒkfi v÷;;u d`h fujUrjrk us bl d`eh d`ks iwjk fd`;k\ ijh{kk ds` nkSjku iwoZ-fu;ksftr izcU|u ds` vk|kj ij Hkx-v d`ks 30 feuV] Hkx-c d`ks 70 feuV o Hkx-l d`ks 80 feuV nsrs gq, fu|kZfjr le; eÍ gh iz'u-i( d`ks iwjk d`jus d`k iz;kl fd`;k\ ^\ n\%izkjfEHd` ijh{kk ds` le; vkid`h D;k izkƒfed`rk,a jgÓ= izkjfEHd` ijh{kk d`h lVhd` rS;kjh ds` f¥, fd`u foæs" phtkÍ d`k ÷;ku j[k vkSj dS`ls vkius usxsfVo ekfdÛ`x d`k lkeuk fd`;k= lqJh d~`Æ.k%izkjfEHd` ijh{kk eÍ oSd`fYid` fo"; o lkekU; v÷;;u ls lEcfU|r oLrqfuÆB rF;kÍ ds` uksVΩl rS;kj d`j mud`k fu;fer nksgjku d`juk esjh izkƒfed`rk jgh] lkƒ gh mUgÍ lelkef;d` i(-if(d`kvkÍ ds` ek÷;e ls v»ru Hh d`jrh jgh\ usxsfVo ekfdÛ`x ls cpus gsrq eßus ‘rqDds` ¥xkus d`h izo~f®’ ls Lo;a d`ks nwj j[k o iw.Z vkRefo'okl ok¥s iz'ukÍ d`ks gh g¥ fd`;k\ ^\ n\%vkius eq“; ijh”k gsrq viuh j.uhfr eÍ D;k cn¥ko fd`;k= lqJh d~`Æ.k%eq“; ijh{kk gsrq iwoZijh{kkvkÍ ds` iz'u-i(kÍ d`ks g¥ fd`;k] ftleÍ m®j f¥[us eÍ ekSf¥d` fopkj o ifjekftZr lkjxfHZr ¥s[u æS¥h d`ks izkƒfed`rk nh\ Lo;a }kjk g¥ fd`, iz'u i( d`ks 24 ?≥Vs ckn Lo;a gh tk∑pd`j vad` nsrh ƒh o mueÍ jgh d`fe;kÍ d`ks lq|kjd`j vPNs m®j f¥[us d`k iz;kl d`jrh\ lkekU; v÷;;u d`h rS;kjh gsrq fe(kÍ o ikfjokfjd` lnL;kÍ ls fopkj-foeæZ fd`;k d`jrh ƒh\ vaxzsth d`h rS;kjh vius firkth Jh c¥jke æqD¥k ds` funsZæu eÍ d`h\ izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/871

^\ n\%vkius fucU| ds` f¥, D;k d`ksbZ foæs" rS;kjh d`h= vkius fd`l fo"; ij fucU| f¥[k vkSj fo"; d`ks gh pquus d`k D;k d`kj. ƒk= lqJh d~`Æ.k%Hk"k ij id`ÈM o fopkjizokg fo'¥s".kRed` gksus ds` d`kj. eßus fucU| d`h d`ksbZ foæs" rS;kjh ugÓ d`h rƒkfi dq`N pqus gq, fcUnqvkÍ ij lkjxfHZr rF;kÍ d`k laxzg rS;kj fd`;k\ eßus ‘i;kZoj. o lrr fod`kl’ lEcU|h fo"; ij fucU| f¥[k] D;kÍfd` bleÍ rF;kÍ d`h izpqjrk ƒh\ ^\ n\%vkius lkekU; v÷;;u d`h rS;kjh ds` f¥, d`kSu-d`kSulh i(-if(d`kvkÍ ,oa iqLrd`kÍ d`k mi;ksx fd`;k= lqJh d~`Æ.k%lkekU; v÷;;u d`h rS;kjh gsrq izfr;ksfxrk niZ. ds` ekfld` vad`] Hwxks¥] vƒZO;oLƒk lEcU|h vfrfjDrkad`kÍ d`k lgkjk f¥;k\ nSfud` lekpkji( iBu ij foæs" tksj fn;k\ ^\ n\%cn¥rs gq, vkfƒZd` ifjn~'; eÍ futh ”s( eÍ vkt lsokvkÍ ds` ¥qHkous volj mi¥C| gksus ds` ckotwn vki flfo¥ lsokvkÍ eÍ cÈ
lqJh d~`Æ.k%cpiu eÍ Ldw`¥h fæ{kk ds` nkSjku o ukSd`jh ds` nkSjku flfo¥ lsod`kÍ d`ks lk{kkrΩ ns[d`j o muds` Hk". lqud`j] eq>s bu lsokvkÍ d`h xfjek o egRo d`k vuqHo gqvk\ ^\ n\%og ”. d`c vk;k tc vkius flfo¥ lsokvkÍ eÍ dS`fj;j d`h lEHkouk,a r¥kæus d`k œS`l¥k f¥;k= lqJh d~`Æ.k%oSls rks esjs firkth Jh c¥jke æqD¥k us æqÔ ls gh eq>s bl fnæk eÍ izsfjr fd`;k\ ch\ ,M\ izfæ{k. ds` nkSjku Jh ftrsUnz frokjh th lj o eqds`æ lSuh us eq>s bl fnæk eÍ rS;kjh d`k ekxZnæZu fn;k rks eß vius ekrk-firk ds` bl [q¥h vk∑[kÍ ds` lius d`ks iwjk d`jus gsrq ,d`kxzfp® gksd`j tqV xbZ\ ^\ n\%lk”kRd`kj d`h rS;kjh vkius dS`ls d`h vkSj vkid`k lk”kRd`kj d`c vkSj fd`l cksMZ eÍ ƒk= lk”kRd`kj dS`lk jgk vkSj fd`rus le; p¥k ,oa D;k-D;k iz'u iwNs x,= lqJh d~`Æ.k%lk{kkRd`kj d`h rS;kjh gsrq eßus d`ks¯px baLVhVΩ;wV Tokbu fd`;k] tgk∑ vthr jk; lj }kjk f¥, NnΩe lk{kkRd`kj foæs" egRoiw.Z fl* gq,\ eßus blds` f¥, [axkjksr lj d`k Hh ekxZnæZu f¥;k\ esjk lk{kkRd`kj 9 tq¥kbZ d`ks 2 p.m. ij Jh ukax¥ o eh.k th ds` cksMZ eÍ ƒk] tks ¥xHx 25 feuV p¥k] ftleÍ esjh æSf{kd`-O;kolkf;d` i~ÆBHwfe] :fp;k∑] {ks(] lkef;d` ?VukvkÍ ls lEcfU|r iz'u iwNs] ftud`k m®j eßus iw.Z vkRefo'okl ds` lkƒ fn;k\ ^\ n\%fd`l æSf”d` Lrj ij flfo¥ lsokvkÍ d`h rS;kjh ds` ckjs eÍ lkspuk æqÔ d`juk pkfg,= vkids` vuqlkj bl ijh”k d`h iw.Z rS;kjh eÍ fd`ruk le; ¥suk pkfg,= lqJh d~`Æ.k%d`{kk-XII ls gh bl ckjs eÍ lkspuk æqÔ d`j nsuk pkfg,\ ;»fi bld`h iw.Z rS;kjh gsrq 1 21 -3 o"Z d`k le; i;kZIr gS rƒkfi le; d`h vis{kk mfpr iqLrd`kÍ d`k pquko o lgh fnæk eÍ j.uhfr T;knk d`kjxj fl* gks ld`rh gS\ ^\ n\%vkids` vuqlkj foKku vkSj ekufod`h fo";kÍ eÍ ls fd`l fo"; ds` lkƒ iz;kl T;knk lgh gS= ,slh dq`N vo|kj.k,a gß fd` ekufod`h fo";kÍ ls lœ`¥rk ,oa foKku fo";kÍ ds` lkƒ vis{kkd~`r vf|d` vad` izkIr fd`, tk ld`rs gß\ vkids` bl ckjs eÍ D;k fopkj gS= lqJh d~`Æ.k%;»fi fopkjkÍ d`h ekSf¥d`rk o fo'¥s".kRed` {kerk d`h vfHO;fDr d`k volj ekufod`h fo";kÍ eÍ foKku fo"; d`h vis{kk vf|d` fe¥rk gS rƒkfi ;fn v˙;ƒhZ d`h fo";-le> etcwr

gS] rks foKku-fo"; Hh visf{kr lœ`¥rk lqJh d~`Æ.k%bueÍ lelkef;d` ?Vfn¥k ld`rk gS\ ukvkÍ ds` lkƒ-lkƒ lEcfU|r fo";foæs"KkÍ ds` ,d`kf|d` fo'¥s".kRed` n~fÆVO;fDrxr fo'ks"rk,a d`ks. Hh izLrqr gkÍ\ vkid`h :`fp;k∑ % dq`fda`x] cSMfeUVu ^\ n\%gk¥ gh eÍ izd`kfær ,d` [s¥uk\ lEekuh; laLƒk }kjk fd`, x, losZ{k. ds` vknæZ O;fâ` % esjs ekrk-firk] ftUgkÍus vuqlkj æh"Z d`h 4 if(d`kvkÍ eÍ ls ,d` ,oa fo"e ifjfLƒfr;kÍ eÍ Hh Hkjr eÍ lcls T;knk iÈko nsuk pkgÍxs= lc¥ i” % vkRefo'okl] bZ'oj eÍ lqJh d~`Æ.k%izfr;ksfxrk niZ. fuf'pr vlhe J*k] fd`lh Hh ifjfLƒfr eÍ Lo;a d`k gh bu ekud`kÍ ij [jh mrjrh gS\ ;fn lkea t L; cS B kus d`h ;ƒklEHo iz;kl d`j VkWilZ d`h m®j{kerk vkSj ekrk-firk iqfLrd`kvkÍ eÍ izn® m®jkÍ d`k Hh izd`kæu d`k vlhe Lusg\ d`jok;k tk lds`] rks ;g nwj-njkt xzkeh. fucZ¥ i” % ifjokj-lnL;kÍ ds` izfr {ks( ds` v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` f¥, foæs" ¥kHnk;h Hkoqd`rk o fd`lh O;fDr gks ld`rk gS\ }kjk x¥r ckr d`ks rd`ksÛ ^\ n\%lkekU; v÷;;u ,oa dq`N }kjk lgh fl* d`jus ,sfPNd` fo";kÍ ds` vfrfjDrkad`kÍ d`h lhjht d`h d`ksfææ ij dz`ks| d`k D;k fd`lh Lrj ij mi;ksx fd`;k= vkuk\ fiN¥s d`bZ o"ksÛ ls ijh”kfƒZ;kÍ us bud`k ^\ n\%vkids` vuqlkj bl ijh”k eÍ cgqr mi;ksx fd`;k vkSj cgqr ljkgk gS\ fgUnh ek÷;e d`ks ¥sd`j rS;kjh ,oa lœ`¥rk lqJh d~`Æ.k%izfr;ksfxrk niZ. ds` izkIr d`jus ds` ckjs eÍ D;k fopkj gS= vfrfjDrkad`kÍ ds` v¥kok eßus bleÍ izd`kfær lqJh d~`Æ.k%bl ijh{kk eÍ ek÷;e okn-fookn izfr;ksfxrk o fucU| ds` ek÷;e d`ksbZ ek;us ugÓ j[rk] cærsZ fd` fo"; ij ls Hk"k ij id`ÈM o æS¥h lq|kjus eÍ vkid`h etcwr-xgu id`ÈM gks o vkieÍ mi;ksx fd`;k] tks fgUnh vfuok;Z fo"; eÍ læDr Hk"k æS¥h ds` ek÷;e ls ekSf¥d` vPNs vad` fn¥kus eÍ lgk;d` jgÓ\ fopkjkfHO;fDr d`h {kerk gks\ ^\ n\%vkid`h lœ`¥rk d`k ew¥ea( ^\ n\%D;k ifjokj d`h æSf”d`] D;k gS= vkfƒZd` vkSj tukafd`d`h; fLƒfr d`k izHko lqJh d~`Æ.k%bZ'oj eÍ vVwV J*k] v÷;;u ij iÈMrk gS= ;fn gk∑] rks dS`ls= ekrk-firk d`k vkæhokZn] vkRefo'okl o lqJh d~`Æ.k%;fn ;s vuqdw`¥ gkÍ rks iz;kl ds` ctk; lœ`¥rk d`ks vfUre ¥{; ld`kjkRed` izHko vo'; iÈMrk gS] ¥sfd`u ekud`j fujUrj visf{kr fnæk eÍ d`eZjr bud`h fo"erk O;fDr d`h ¥xu] n~È< jguk o vlœ`¥rk d`ks vfUre ekuus d`h fu'p; vkSj fujUrj iz;kl d`h lkƒZd`rk d`ksfææ d`juk\ d`ks ckf|r ugÓ d`j ld`rh\ ^\ n\%d`ksbZ lq>ko ;k lansæ vkxkeh ^\ n\%flfo¥ lsok d`h ijh”k d`h v˙;fƒZ;kÍ d`ks nsuk pkgÍxh= rS;kjh gsrq izfr;ksxh if(d`k,a fd`l izd`kj lqJh d~`Æ.k%[q¥h vk∑[kÍ ls lius mi;ksxh gksrh gß= ns[d`j mUgÍ iwjk d`jus d`k tTck ≤n; eÍ lqJh d~`Æ.k%izfr;ksxh if(d`kvkÍ eÍ o d`eZfuÆBrk HqtkvkÍ eÍ mrkfj,\ vHkokÍ izd`kfær foæs" v÷;;u lkexzh] le- o mis{kkvkÍ d`ks viuk lEc¥ cukb,] lkef;d` ?VukvkÍ d`k fo'¥s". o ¥s[ lœ`¥rk vo'; gh vkids` d`ne pwesxh] bR;kfn izfr;ksxh d`ks lEcfU|r fo"; eÍ D;kÍfd`% ekxZnæZu iznku d`jrh gß\ lkƒ gh bueÍ tc VwVus ¥xs gkSl¥s rks bruk ;kn j[uk izd`kfær lk{kkRd`kj O;fDr d`ks vlœ`¥- fcuk esgur ds`] gkfl¥ r“rks-rkt ugÓ gksrs‰ rkvkÍ d`h fujkæk ls fud`k¥d`j lrrΩ iz;kl gsrq izsfjr d`jrh gß] ftld`k eß Lo;a <waÈ< ¥srs gß va|sjs eÍ eaft¥ viuh] D;kÍfd` tqxuw jksæuh `ds` eksgrkt ugÓ gksrs‰‰ ,d` mnkgj. gw∑\ ^\ n\%vkids` mTTo¥ HfoÆ; ds` ^\ n\%,d` ekud` dS`fj;j ,oa f¥, gkfnZ d` æqHd`keuk,a\ izfr;ksxh if(d`k eÍ xq.o®k ds` vk|kj ij lqJh d~`Æ.k%th] cgqr-cgqr |U;okn\ D;k foæs" lkexzh ,oa lad`¥u d`h vis”k ●●● j[rs gß= izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/872

æs" i~ÆB 866 d`k 22 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks eslÍtj uked` varfj” ;ku cq| xzg ds` fud`V ls xqtjk\

cq| ds` fud`V ls xqtjrk eslÍtj varfj” ;ku 1920 fd`eh ^fr ?≥Vs d`h nj ls mÈMrs gq, ;g ;ku cq| d`h lrg ls ek( 227 fd`eh d`h nwjh ls xqtjk\ bl vof| eÍ eslÍtj us mld`h lrg d`h vc rd` d`h d`bZ vuns[h vkSj nq¥ZH rLohjÍ i~Foh d`ks Hsth\ eslÍtj ds` okbM ,ax¥ dS`ejs us ,d` ,slh ?kVh ds` fp( Hsts] ftlds` ckjs eÍ vHh rd` dq`N irk ugÓ ƒk\ ¥xHx 276 fd`eh O;kl ok¥h bl ?kVh ds` vfrfjDr eslÍtj us vusd` ∂s`VlZ ds` fp( Hsts\ blls ig¥s eslÍtj o"Z 2008 eÍ cq| xzg ds` ikl ls xqtjk ƒk\ vc 2011 eÍ ;g ;ku cq| d`h d`”k eÍ ^osæ d`jsxk\ ● ● ● ●

O;kl i~Foh ls nwjh lw;Z ls nwjh lw;Z d`h ifj∂`ek ● ,d` fnu

4,878 fd`eh 149,000,000 fd`eh 58,000,000 fd`eh 88 fnu 59

i~Foh-fnu

eslÍtj vfH;ku ls ig¥s cq| xzg d`h ek( 45 ^frær lrg d`h gh tkud`kjh gks ikbZ ƒh] tksfd` 1970 ds` nkSjku blds` ikl ls xqtjrs gq, eslÍtj us ^kIr d`h ƒh\ vc rhu ckj cq| ds` ikl ls xqtjus ds` ckn] bld`h 95 ^frær lrg ds` fp( ¥s f¥, x, gß\ bu fp(kÍ ,oa vk∑d`ÈMkÍ ls irk p¥rk gS fd` ;g pje fLƒfr;kÍ ok¥k xzg gS\ bld`h lrg u ds`o¥ cgqr iqjkuh gS] cfYd` cgqr xeZ Hh gS] tgk∑ rkieku 183 fMxzh lsfYl;l ls 427 fMxzh lsfYl;l ds` chp cn¥rk jgrk gS\ ;g cgqr gh l?u xzg gS\ oSKkfud`kÍ d`k vkd`¥u gS fd` fu'p; gh ;g nks-frgkbZ ¥kSg |krq ds` feJ. ls cuk gqvk gS\ i~Foh d`h rjg] bld`k Hh pqEcd`h; ”s( gS] tks eax¥ vkSj æq∂` ds` ikl ugÓ gS\ blds` |zqokÍ ij vlk|kj. inkƒZ utj vkrs gß\ ●●●

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Hkjr ljd`kj us o"Z 2009-10 d`ks iapk;rhjkt ds` ipkl o"Z iw.Z gksus ij fd`l Ôi eÍ eukus d`h ?ks".k d`h gS = % xzke l˙kk o"Z ☛ LorU( Hkjr eÍ 2 vDVwcj] 1959 d`ks rRd`k¥hu ^|kuea(h tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ us jktLƒku ds` ukxkSj eÍ iapk;rhjkt d`k vkSipkfjd` mnΩ?kVu fd`;k ƒk\ 2 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks iapk;rhjkt us ipkl o"Z iwjs d`j f¥, gß vr# 2 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks ljd`kj }kjk xksYMu tqc¥h lekjksg vk;ksftr fd`;k rƒk o"Z 2009-10 d`ks xzke lHk o"Z ?ksf"r fd`;k\ og frfƒ ftlls xzke U;k;k¥; vf|fu;e 2008 ¥kxw fd`;k x;k gS\ % 2 vDVwcj] 2009 ☛ laln }kjk ikfjr xzke U;k;k¥; vf|fu;e 2008 d`ks 2 vDVwcj] 2009 ls ¥kxw d`j fn;k x;k gS\ blls xk∑o eÍ Rofjr lLrk ,oa lq¥H U;k; fn¥kus ds` f¥, xzke U;k;k¥;kÍ d`h Lƒkiuk d`h tk,xh\ jkT; ljd`kj bu U;k;k¥;kÍ eÍ U;k;kf|d`kjh ds` Ôi eÍ ^ƒe Js.h eftLV_sV d`h fu;qfDr mPp U;k;k¥; d`h l¥kg ls d`jsxh\ Hkjr eÍ fœ`YekÍ eÍ ik'oZxk;d` ds` Ôi eÍ ^frÆBk ^kIr d`jus ok¥s og xk;d` ftUgÍ bl o"Z nknk lkgsc œ`kYds` iqjLd`kj ^nku fd`;k x;k\ % eUuk Ms ☛ fœ`YekÍ eÍ 3500 ls vf|d` xkukÍ d`ks viuh vkokt nsus ok¥s xk;d` eUuk Ms d`ks o"Z 2007 d`k nknk lkgsc œ`kYds` iqjLd`kj ^nku fd`;k x;k gS\ eUuk Ms us loZ^ƒe 1943 eÍ reUuk fœ`Ye d`k ,d` xhr ‘tkxks vkbZ ˜"k’ xk;k ƒk\ mlds` ckn 1970 ds` næd` rd` vusd` xhrkÍ d`ks viuh vkokt nsd`j ¥ksd`f^; cuk;k\ mUgkÍus fgUnh] ejkBh o caxk¥h fœ`YekÍ ds` f¥, xhr xk,\ mUgÍ 1969 eÍ fgUnh fœ`Ye ‘esjs gqtwj’ rƒk 1971 eÍ caxk¥h fœ`Ye ‘fuæh inek’ ds` f¥, jkÆV_h; iqjLd`kj ^kIr gq,\ 1971 eÍ inΩeJh] 2005 eÍ inΩefoHw". vkSj 2007 ds` œ`kYds` iqjLd`kj ls lEekfur eUuk Ms bl le; 90 o"Z ds` gß\ vejhd`k eÍ Lƒk;h Ôi ls jg jgs og Hkjrh; oSKkfud` ftUgÍ nks vU; oSKkfud`kÍ ds` lkƒ la;qDr Ôi ls jlk;u foKku d`k ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj bl o"Z (2009) ^nku fd`;k x;k gS\ % oÍd`Vjeu jkeÎ`Æ.u ☛ Hkjr eÍ rfe¥ukMq ds` fpnEcje xk∑o eÍ tUes oÍd`Vjeu 1971 eÍ cÈMksnjk fo'ofo»k¥; ls ch\,l-lh\ d`jus ds` ckn vejhd`k p¥s x, ƒs\ ds`fEczt fLƒr esMhd`¥ fjlpZ d`kmfUl¥ (MRC) ¥scksjsVjh vkWœ` ekW¥hD;w¥j ckW;ks¥kWth eÍ d`k;Zjr oÍd`Vjeu d`ks vejhd`k ds` ƒkWel ,\ LVsRt rƒk btjkb¥ d`h vnk bZ\ ;ksuƒ ds` lkƒ jkbckslkse ,oa ,aVhck;ksfVd` ij v÷;;u ds` f¥, ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj ^nku fd`;k x;k\ Hkjr ds` os nks f[¥kÈMh ftUgÍ vkbZ\lh\lh\ ds` 2008-09 ds` iqjLd`kj ^kIr gq, gß\ % xkSre xaHhj] egsUnz ¯lg |ksuh ☛ vUrjkZÆV_h; f∂`ds`V ifj"nΩ (ICC) ds` o"Z 2008-09 ds` ?ksf"r iqjLd`kjkÍ eÍ xkSre xaHhj d`ks VsLV I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j rƒk egsUnz ¯lg |ksuh d`ks ou Ms I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j iqjLd`kj nsus d`h ?ks".k d`h xbZ gS\ og t¥h; tho ftls ds`Unzh; ljd`kj us vDVwcj 2009 eÍ jkÆV_h; t¥h; tho ?ksf"r fd`;k gS\ % xaxk d`h MkWfYœ`u ☛ jkÆV_h; xaxk unh ?kVh ^kf|d`j. d`h 5 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks ubZ fnY¥h eÍ lEiUu gqbZ cSBd` eÍ xaxk unh eÍ ikbZ tkus ok¥h MkWfYœ`u d`ks lajf”r d`jus ds` f¥, jkÆV_h; t¥h; tho (National Aquatic Animal) ?ksf"r fd`;k x;k gS\ xaxk eÍ cÈ
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/873

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og ¥sf[d`k ftls o"Z 2009 d`k eku cqd`j iqjLd`kj ^nku fd`;k x;k gS\ % fg¥sjh ekaVs¥ ☛ fczVsu d`h ^fl* ¥sf[d`k fg¥sjh ekaVs¥ (Hilary Mantel) d`ks o"Z 2009 d`k eku cqd`j iqjLd`kj muds` miU;kl oqYœ` gkW¥ (Wolf Hall) ds` f¥, ^nku fd`;k x;k gS\ o"Z 2008 d`k ;g iqjLd`kj Hkjr ds` vjfoUn vfMx d`ks muds` ig¥s miU;kl ‘n OgkbV Vkbxj’ ds` f¥, ^nku fd`;k x;k ƒk\ bl o"Z ds` iqjLd`kj ds` f¥, vYi lwphc* (Shortlist) 6 iqLrd`kÍ eÍ fd`lh Hkjrh; d`h iqLrd` lfEef¥r ugÓ ƒh\ ckaX¥knsæ d`k og f∂`ds`V f[¥kÈMh ftls ‘fotMsu’ f∂`ds`V eSXthu us o"Z 2009 d`k ‘VsLV I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j’ pquk gS\ % ækfd`c v¥-glu ☛ ckaX¥knsæ ds` vkW¥ jkmaMj f∂`ds`Vj ækfd`c v¥-glu d`ks fotMsu f∂`ds`V eSXthu (Wiseden Cricket Magazine) d`k o"Z 2009 d`k ‘oYMZ VsLV I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j’ pquk x;k gS\ p;u vad`kÍ ds` vk|kj ij fd`;k x;k gS] ftleÍ vusd` |qja|jkÍ d`ks ihNs NksÈMrs gq, ækfd`c v¥-glu æh"Z ij jgs\ og efg¥k tks vƒZækL( eÍ ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj ^kIr d`jus ok¥h ig¥h efg¥k cuÓ\ % bf¥ukWj vkWLV_e (Elinor Ostrom) ☛ vejhd`k ds` vƒZækL(h vks¥hoj fof¥;El ds` lkƒ ogÓ d`h efg¥k ^ksœs`lj bf¥ukWj vkWLV_e us o"Z 2009 d`k vƒZækL( d`k ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj ^kIr fd`;k gS\ nksukÍ d`ks ‘bd`ksukWfed` xousÛl’ ij fd`, x, d`k;Z ds` f¥, ;g iqjLd`kj ^nku fd`;k x;k gS\ bf¥ukWj vkWLV_e ;g iqjLd`kj ^kIr d`jus ok¥h ig¥h efg¥k gS\ o"Z 2009 eÍ fjd`kWMZ ik∑p efg¥kvkÍ d`ks fofHUu ”s(kÍ eÍ ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj fn;k x;k gS\ d`ukMk ds` og vjcifr ftUgkÍus lkroÍ varfj” i;ZVd` ds` Ôi eÍ vDVwcj 2009 eÍ varfj” LVsæu ij vkB fnu d`k ^okl fd`;k\ % xqb ¥kf¥cVsZ ☛ d`ukMk ds` ldZ`l ekf¥d` xqb ¥kf¥cVsZ (Guy Laliberte) us Ôl ds` lks;qt jkWds`V ds` }kjk 30 flrEcj d`ks cSd`kuwj ls vUrjkZÆV_h; varfj” LVsæu ds` f¥, mÈMku Hjh rƒk ogk∑ vkB fnu rd` ^okl fd`;k\ ehfM;k d`h ,d` fjiksVZ ds` vuqlkj bl mÈMku ds` f¥, mUgkÍus 3·5 d`jksÈM MkW¥j d`h jkfæ Ôlh ,tÍlh d`ks ^nku d`h gS\ og Lƒku tks Hkjr d`ks la;qDr jkÆV_ ekuo fod`kl fjiksVZ (Human Development Report) 2009 eÍ ^nku fd`;k x;k gS\ % 134ok∑ ☛ vDVwcj 2009 eÍ tkjh la;qDr jkÆV_ fod`kl d`k;Z∂`e (UNDP) d`h o"Z 2009 d`h ekuo fod`kl fjiksVZ eÍ o"Z 2007 ds` f¥, lwpd`kad` nækZ, x, gß ftleÍ 182 nsækÍ d`h lwph eÍ Hkjr d`k 134ok∑ Lƒku gS\ Hkjr ds` iÈMkslh nsækÍ eÍ phu d`k 92ok∑] Jh¥ad`k d`k 102ok∑] ikfd`Lrku d`k 141ok∑] usik¥ d`k 144ok∑ rƒk ckaX¥knsæ d`k 146ok∑ Lƒku gS\ æh"Z ij ukWosZ gS\ lkƒ gh ekuo fu|Zurk lwpd`kad` (Human Poverty Index) eÍ 135 nsækÍ d`h lwph eÍ Hkjr d`k 88ok∑ Lƒku gS\ og vejhd`h m»ksxifr ftls vejhd`h if(d`k œ`ksClZ (Forbes) }kjk vDVwcj 2009 eÍ vejhd`k ds` 400 lokZf|d` |uh O;fDr;kÍ d`h lwph eÍ æh"Z Lƒku ^nku fd`;k gS\ % fc¥ xsVΩl ☛ vejhd`k ds` m»ksxifr fc¥ xsVΩl œ`ksClZ d`h lwph ds` vuqlkj lokZf|d` |uh O;fDr gß\ ekb∂`kslkWŒV d`Eiuh ds` lglaLƒkid` fc¥ xsVΩl d`h dq`¥ lEif® 50 vjc MkW¥j vk∑d`h xbZ gS\ 40 vjc MkW¥j ds` lkƒ vejhd`k ds` okjsu cœs`V nwljs Lƒku ij gß\ og ægj ftls o"Z 2016 ds` vks¥fEid` [s¥kÍ d`h estckuh ^nku d`jus d`h ?ks".k vDVwcj 2009 eÍ d`h xbZ\ % fj;ks fM tsusjks ·czkth¥‚ ☛ 2 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks d`ksisugsxu ·MsuekdZ`‚ eÍ lEiUu vUrjkZÆV_h; vks¥fEid` lfefr d`h cSBd` eÍ luΩ 2016 ds` vks¥fEid` [s¥kÍ d`h estckuh czkth¥ ds` ægj fj;ks fM tsusjks d`ks lkßius d`k fu.Z; f¥;k x;k\ luΩ 2012 eÍ vks¥fEid` [s¥kÍ d`k vk;kstu ¥anu eÍ fd`;k tk,xk\ Hkjr d`k og iÈMkslh nsæ ftlus vius ;gk∑ lkE;oknh O;oLƒk d`h Lƒkiuk d`h 60oÓ o"Zxk∑B 1 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks |we|ke ls eukbZ\ % phu ☛ 1 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks phu eÍ lkE;oknh phu d`h Lƒkiuk d`h 60oÓ o"Zxk∑B HO; vk;kstu ds` lkƒ eukbZ xbZ\ nl o"Z eÍ ,d` ckj bl ^d`kj d`k vk;kstu fd`;k tkrk gS\ phu eÍ lkE;oknh æklu O;oLƒk d`h Lƒkiuk 1949 bZ\ eÍ ekvksRls rqax us ,d` ∂`kafr ds` ckn d`h ƒh\ jkt|kuh ch¯tx eÍ F;suvkueu LDok;j ij ,d` foæk¥ ijsM d`k vk;kstu fd`;k x;k ftld`k fujh”. jkÆV_ifr gw ¯trkvks us ekvks d`h osæHw"k igud`j fd`;k\ og nsæ ftlus vUrjkZÆV_h; f∂`ds`V ifj"nΩ (ICC) d`h nf”. v≠`hd`k eÍ vk;ksftr pSfEi;al V_kWœ`h ¥xkrkj nwljh ckj thr ¥h\ % vkLV_sf¥;k ☛ 5 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks lÍpqfj;u eÍ [s¥s x, œ`kbu¥ eSp eÍ vkLV_sf¥;k us U;wth¥S≥M d`ks gjkd`j pSfEi;al V_kWœ`h thr ¥h\ fiN¥s o"Z Hh vkLV_sf¥;k us Hkjr eÍ vk;ksftr ;g VwukZeÍV osLVbaMht d`ks gjkd`j thrk ƒk\ og nsæ tgk∑ iwoZ ,fæ;k lfEeV vDVwcj 2009 eÍ vk;ksftr d`h xbZ\ % ƒkb¥ßM ☛ iwohZ ,fæ;k ds` nsækÍ d`k pkSƒk fæ[j lEes¥u ƒkb¥ßM eÍ gqvk fgu (Hua Hin) rƒk pk-ve (Cha-am) eÍ vDVwcj 2009 eÍ lEiUu gqvk\ bl lEes¥u eÍ bZLV ,fæ;k d`E;qfuVh (EAC) ds` xBu ij xEHhjrkiwoZd` fopkj-foeæZ gqvk\ ,fæ;k d`k og ^ƒe nsæ ftld`h rhu eSjkƒu nkSÈMkÍ d`ks baVjusæu¥ ,lksfl,æu vkWœ` ,ƒ¥sfVDl œs`Mjsæu }kjk xksYM ¥sc¥ ^nku fd`;k x;k gS\ % Hkjr ☛ Hkjr d`h LVSUMMZ pkVZMZ eqEcbZ eSjkƒu] ,;jVs¥ fnY¥h gkWœ` eSjkƒu rƒk luœ`hLV oYMZ 10 ds` cax¥wj d`ks vUrjkZÆV_h; ,lksfl,æu vkWœ` ,ƒ¥sfVDl œs`Mjsæu (IAAF) }kjk ‘xksYM ¥sc¥’ (Gold Lable) lEeku ^nku fd`;k x;k gS\ fczVsu eÍ 4 jslkÍ d`ks rƒk vejhd`k eÍ rhu jslkÍ d`ks ‘xksYM ¥sc¥’ fe¥k gqvk gS\ ●●●

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/874

2008

eÍ jkÆV_ifr in ds` f¥, fuokZpu

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ek¥nho # tÈM tekrk ^tkra( vDVwcj 2009 eÍ ek¥nho d`h ljd`kj us ,d` ,sfrgkfld` rƒk vHwriwoZ d`ne mBk;k ftlls og f^UV rƒk b¥sDV_kWfud` ehfM;k eÍ Nk;k jgk\ ;g d`ne ƒk ek¥nho ds` eaf(e≥M¥ d`h cSBd` leqnz ds` vUnj d`juk\ ,slk d`jds` ek¥nho ds` jkÆV_ifr eksgEen ukæhn us fo'o leqnk; d`ks ‘X¥ksc¥ okfeÛx’ ls mRiUu lad`V ds` ^fr lpsr d`juk pkgk\ KkrO; gS fd` ‘X¥ksc¥ okfeÛx’ d`k ,d` nqÆifj.ke leqnz ds` t¥Lrj ds` ˜ij mBus ds` Ôi eÍ lkeus vk jgk gS\ ;fn X¥ksc¥ okfeÛx d`ks jksd`us gsrq Bksl d`ne æh?z ugÓ mBk, x,] rks vusd` }hi rƒk iwjk ek¥nho bl ærkCnh ds` vUr rd` leqnz ds` xHZ eÍ lekd`j fo¥qIr gks tk,axs\ ‘t¥ lekf|’ ds` ek÷;e ls ukæhn us blh lad`V d`h vksj ekuo leqnk; ds` ÷;ku d`ks vkd`f"Zr fd`;k gS\ oSls ek¥nho d`h ppkZ ds`o¥ ljd`kj d`h ‘t¥ lekf|’ d`ks ¥sd`j gh ugÓ gS\ uoEcj 2009 eÍ ek¥nho cgqn¥h; mnkj ^tkrU( d`h Lƒkiuk d`h ig¥h o"Zxk∑B d`ks euk jgk gS\ ;g ,d` ,slh ^tkrkaf(d` O;oLƒk gS ftls ek¥nho d`h turk us viuh ig¥ vkSj ^;kl ls Lƒkfir fd`;k gS\ ,d` eqfL¥e ckgqY; jkÆV_ eÍ ,slk gksuk viokn ds` Ôi eÍ gS\ lkekU;r# ns[us d`ks ;g fe¥rk gS fd` ‘vkrad` ds` fo:* ;q*’ ds` ukjs ds` lkƒ ‘^tkrU(’ vkSj ‘ekuo vf|d`kjkÍ’ d`h cgk¥h d`h vkÈM eÍ la;qDr jkT; vejhd`k viuh d`Biqr¥h ljd`kjkÍ d`ks bu jkT;kÍ ij ƒksi nsrk gS\ gk¥ gh eÍ bjkd` rƒk vœ`xkfuLrku eÍ ;gh ns[us d`ks fe¥k\ ek¥nho d`ksbZ ,d` foæk¥ }hi u gksd`j 1200 ¥?q }hikÍ d`k ,d` iqat gS\ bld`h jkt|kuh ek¥s gS\ 1200 }hikÍ eÍ ls ek( 200 }hikÍ ij euqÆ;kÍ d`k fuokl gS\ nsæ d`h dq`¥ tula“;k pkj ¥k[ ds` ¥xHx gS\ ek¥nho d`k ^kd~`frd` lkSUn;Z i;ZVd`kÍ d`ks vkd`f"Zr d`jrk jgk gS\ 100 }hikÍ d`ks i;ZVu Lƒ¥ ds` Ôi eÍ foæs"rkSj izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/875/5

ij fod`flr fd`;k x;k gS\ nsæ d`h vƒZO;oLƒk eÍ i;ZVu d`h egRoiw.Z Hwfed`k gS\ vœz`hd`k rƒk ,fæ;k egk}hi ds` vU; jkÆV_kÍ d`h rjg ek¥nho us Hh ¥Ecs le; rd` vkSifuosfæd` nklrk d`k naæ lgu fd`;k gS\ 1964 eÍ ek¥nho Lora( gqvk\ æh?z gh mld`h fLƒfr dq`,a ls fud`¥ d`j [kbZ eÍ fxjus d`h gks xbZ\ vktknh d`h gok eÍ lkal f¥, nl o"Z gh xqtjs ƒs fd` jkÆV_ifr vCnq¥ x;we d`h rkukækgh nsæ eÍ Lƒkfir gks xbZ\ muds` rkukækgh iats d`h fxjŒr eÍ ek¥nho d`h turk rhl o"Z rd` d`jkgrh jgh\ rkukækgh d`h ∂w`jrk d`k lgt vuqeku blls ¥xk;k tk ld`rk gS fd` fojks| ds` Loj d`ks dq`p¥us ds` f¥, x;we us vius æklu ds` ig¥s o"Z eÍ gh pkj lkS ls vf|d` foi”h jktuhfrd` usrkvkÍ rƒk d`k;Zd`rkZvkÍ d`ks ts¥ d`h pkjnhokjh eÍ cUn d`j fn;k\ vUrr# turk ds` lcz d`k ck∑| VwV x;k\ 21oÓ ærkCnh ds` vkjEH ls gh x;we d`h rkukækgh ds` fo:* fojks| ds` Loj rst gksus ¥xs\ bl fojks| d`ks usr~Ro ^nku fd`;k eksgEen ukæhn us\ ;qok ukæhn lqfæf”r ,oa LiÆV rƒk ^[j oDrk gß\ muds` usr~Ro eÍ turk ds` fojks| us laxfBr vkUnks¥u d`k Ôi |kj. d`j f¥;k\ x;we us bl vkUnks¥u d`ks c¥ ^;ksx }kjk dq`p¥uk pkgk\ 2004-05 eÍ vkUnks¥u vf|d` mxz rƒk tq>kÔ gks x;k\ ukæhn d`ks nsæ NksÈMd`j Jh¥ad`k tkuk iÈMk\ ogÓ ij uoEcj 2004 eÍ mUgkÍus ek¥nho Mseks∂s`fVd` ikVhZ d`k xBu fd`;k\ Jh¥ad`k ls ukæhn fczVsu p¥s x,\ tgk∑ mUgÍ jktuhfrd` æj. ^nku d`h xbZ\ ¥xHx 121 o"Z rd` ckgj jgus ds` mijkUr ukæhn ek¥nho ¥kSV vk,\ v^S¥ 2005 eÍ nsæ eÍ vkd`j mUgkÍus ^tkrU( d`h Lƒkiuk gsrq vkUnks¥u d`ks xfr ^nku d`h rƒk lfou; voKk vkUnks¥u vkjEH fd`;k] tks 2005 ls 2008 rd` p¥k\ vUrr# x;we d`ks >qd`uk iÈMk\ nsæ eÍ ^tkrkfU(d` lq|kj fd`, x, rƒk vDVwcj

9 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks gq, ernku eÍ vCnq¥ x;we] eksgEen ukæhn lfgr ik∑pkÍ ^R;kfæ;kÍ eÍ ls fd`lh d`ks Hh 50% ls vf|d` er ^kIr ugÓ gq,\ vr# 28 vDVwcj d`ks x;we rƒk ukæhn ds` e÷; nwljs nkSj d`k ernku gqvk\ 54% er ikd`j ukæhn ek¥nho ds` jkÆV_ifr fuokZfpr gks x,\ 42 o"hZ; ukæhn ds` fuokZpu ds` lkƒ gh ek¥nho eÍ cgqn¥h; mnkj ^tkrU( d`h Lƒkiuk d`h ^f∂`;k iw.Z gks xbZ\ ,d`n¥h; rkukækgh æklu i*fr ls cgqn¥h; ^tkrkaf(d` æklu i*fr eÍ ÔikUrj. ek¥nho ds` bfrgkl d`h egRoiw.Z ?Vuk gS\ blds` egRo d`ks js[kafd`r d`jrs gq, uofuokZfpr jkÆV_ifr us d`gk] ∏ge lgt
ds` f¥, d~`r lad`Yi\ jkÆV_ifr ds` æCnkÍ eÍ] ∏cgqr o"Z ig¥s geus fu;fr ls d`jkj fd`;k ƒk\ ;g d`jkj gS LorU(rk] vf|d` egRoiw.Z
Ôl-vejhd`k lEcU| # vksckek d`h ubZ ig¥ la;qDr jkT; vejhd`k ds` f¥, ;g vko';d` gks x;k gS fd` og Ôl ds` lkƒ vius lEcU|kÍ d`ks csgrj cuk, rƒk nks jkÆV_kÍ ds` e÷; cÈ
^eq[ ƒk%cqæ ^æklu d`h iwohZ ;wjksih; uhfr\ 1990 ds` næd` eÍ iwohZ ;wjksi eÍ lkE;oknh O;oLƒk ds` iru ds` mijkUr gh la;qDr jkT; vejhd`k d`h fonsæ uhfr d`k ,d` ^eq[ ¥{; gks x;k ƒk iwohZ ;wjksi ds` nsækÍ d`ks vkfƒZd`] lSfud` ,oa jktuhfrd` Lrj ij vius lkƒ ?fuÆB Ôi ls tksÈMuk rƒk iwohZ ;wjksi d`ks vius ^Hko ”s( eÍ rCnh¥ d`juk\ cqæ twfu;j ds` jkÆV_ifrRo d`k¥ eÍ bl ¥{; d`h iwfrZ ds` f¥, vf|d` xEHhj ^;kl rhu fnækvkÍ eÍ fd`, x,\ cqæ ^æklu d`k ig¥k ^;kl jgk r“rki¥V d`ks md`lkok rƒk enn nsd`j bl ”s( ds` fofHUu jkT;kÍ eÍ vejhd`k ijLr ljd`kjkÍ d`h Lƒkiuk d`juk\ ,sls r“rki¥V ‘jax ∂`kfUr’ (Colour revolution) ds` uke ls tkus tkrs gß\ cqæ ^æklu d`k nwljk d`ne ƒk iwohZ ;wjksi ds` nsækÍ d`ks m®jh vV¥kafVd` lfU| laxBu (NATO) d`k lnL; cukd`j ukVks d`k foLrkj rƒk iwoZ d`h vksj ^lkj d`juk\ ,slk ml le; fd`;k x;k tc lkE;oknh [ses ds` iru us ukVks d`ks v^klafxd` d`j fn;k ƒk rƒk iwohZ ;wjksi d`k vV¥kafVd` lkxj ls nwjnjkt d`k Hh lEidZ` ugÓ ƒk\ rhljs cq æ ^æklu us iks ¥ S ≥ M rƒk psd`ksL¥ksokfd`;k eÍ ‘felkb¥ ^frjks|d` O;oLƒk’ ds` uke ij felkb¥ vMΩMs Lƒkfir d`jus d`k fu.Z; f¥;k\ ,slk d`jus ds` ihNs rdZ` ;g fn;k x;k fd` bZjku ds` felkb¥ d`k;Z∂`e ls iwohZ ;wjksi d`h lqj”k d`ks [rjk gS rƒk bl lad`V d`k lkeuk d`jus ds` f¥, felkb¥ rSukr d`juk tÔjh gS\ vxLr 2008 eÍ cqæ ^æklu us iks¥S≥M rƒk psd` x.jkT; ls tks le rel="nofollow">kSrk fd`;k mlds` vuqlkj iks¥S≥M ds` felkb¥ rƒk

psd` x.jkT; ds` jkMkj vMΩMs d`ks 2012 rd` d`ke d`juk æqÔ d`j nsuk ƒk\ la;qDr jkT; vejhd`k d`h iwohZ ;wjksi uhfr ds` bu d`nekÍ ls Ôl eÍ cspSuh rƒk ∂`ks| mRiUu gqvk\ ‘jax-∂`kfUr;kÍ’ ls mRiUu jktuhfrd` vfLƒjrk mlds` f¥, gkfud`j ƒh\ ukVks d`k iwoZ d`h vksj cÈ
2010

vkfFkZd` ¥s[

∂`kfUr-iFk d`h vksj vxzlj ‘fjVs¥ lsDVj’ MkW\ vks\ ih\ æekZ cgqla“;d` Hkjrh; e÷;e oxZ ds` miHksâ`k O;ogkj vkSj mld`h ∂`;– vfHo~f®;kÍ eÍ vkus ok¥s rhoz ifjorZukÍ d`ks n~fÆVxr j[rs gq, vkt ;g d`gk tkrk gS fd` nsæ ds` ld`¥ ?js¥w mRikn eÍ d`jhc 14 ^frær ;ksxnku nsus ok¥k nSR;kd`kj Hkjrh; [qnjk cktkj ‘∂`kfUr–iƒ’ d`h vksj vxzlj gS\ Hkjrh; miHksâ`kvkÍ d`h ∂`;– vfH:fp eÍ vkew¥–pw¥ ifjorZu d`jus ok¥h bl ‘fjVs¥ ∂`kfUr’ ds` f¥, tehu] t¥ vkSj cht mi¥C| d`jkus eÍ eq“; Ôi ls ægjh laLÎ`fr] ifjokj fo?Vu] rhoz xfr ls mHj jgk e÷;e oxZ] ∂`;–”erk eÍ vfHo~f*] if'peh laLÎ`fr d`k ^Hko] ;qokvkÍ d`h cÈ
j.uhfr cukus eÍ tqV xbZ gß\ bu nsæh– fonsæh m»fe;kÍ eÍ Hkjrh; [qnjk cktkj eÍ ^osæ d`jus d`h gksÈM-lh ¥xh gqbZ gS\ Hkjrh; fjVs¥ d`kjksckj eÍ ?qlus ds` f¥, bPNqd` bu m»fe;kÍ }kjk esV_ksiksYl ds` lkƒ–lkƒ e÷;e vkd`kj ok¥s ægjkÍ eÍ Hh cÈMs iSekus ij ækW¯ix ekWYl d`h Lƒkiuk d`h tk jgh gS\ fjVs¥lZ ,slksfl,æu vkWœ` bf≥M;k }kjk tkjh fjiksVZ ds` vuqlkj vkxkeh o"ksÛ eÍ nsæ eÍ ifj|kukÍ d`k laxfBr cktkj 9·5% ^fro"Z d`h nj ls cÈ<sxk vkSj bleÍ T;knk fgLlsnkjh ?js¥w czk≥MΩl ds` ifj|kukÍ d`h gksxh\ [k» vkSj is; inkƒksÛ ls oSf'od` czk≥MΩl ds` ?js¥w cktkj eÍ iSB tekus ls [k» vkSj is; m»ksx eÍ vkSj rsth vk,xh rƒk vkus ok¥s o"ksÛ eÍ ¥ksxkÍ d`h [ku–iku d`h vknrkÍ eÍ Hkjh cn¥ko ns[us d`ks fe¥sxk\ ^cU|u ijkeæZnkrk d`Eiuh ‘,\ Vh\ fd`;Zu’ us lkroÍ oSf'od` [qnjk fod`kl lwpd`kad` fjiksVZ (Retail Development Index Report–June 2008) eÍ d`gk gS fd` rsth ls mHjrs fo'o ds` 30 cÈMs [qnjk cktkjkÍ eÍ fo;ruke us Hkjr d`ks ihNs NksÈM fn;k gS\ bl lwph eÍ rhljs Lƒku ij Ôl vkSj pkSƒs ij phu gS\ gekjs nsæ ds` [qnjk cktkj d`k ds`o¥ 8 ^frær d`kjksckj laxfBr ”s( eÍ fd`;k tkrk gS ftlds` vkus ok¥s o"ksÛ eÍ 15 ls 20 ^frær rd` igq∑pus d`h lEHkouk gS\ nsæ ds` ld`¥ ?js¥w mRikn ·th\ Mh\ ih\‚ eÍ d`jhc 14 ^frær ;ksxnku nsus ok¥s ,d` d`jksÈM NksVs–cÈMs fjVs¥ vkmV¥sVΩl ls d`jhc 4 d`jksÈM ¥ksxkÍ d`ks jkstxkj fe¥k gqqvk gS\ ^eq[ okf.T; ,oa m»ksx e≥M¥ ∏,lkspSeπ ds` fctusl cSjksehVj (ABB) }kjk twu 2008 eÍ fd`, x, ,d` foæs" v÷;;u ds` vuqlkj Hkjr eÍ vkbZ\ Vh\ vkSj ch\ ih\ vks\ ;k vkbZ\ Vh\ bZ\ ,l\ ds` ckn fjVs¥ lsDVj vkt lcls T;knk jkstxkj nsus ok¥k ”s( cu x;k gS\ orZeku :>ku d`ks ns[rs gq, v÷;;u eÍ HfoÆ;ok.h d`h xbZ gS fd` 2010 rd` fjVs¥ lsDVj eÍ 20 ¥k[ u, tkWCl lkeus vk ld`rs gß\ v÷;;u ds` vuqlkj fjVs¥ ”s( vkt nqfu;k d`k lcls cÈMk m»ksx cu pqd`k gS] ftleÍ 6·6 [jc MkW¥j d`h lk¥kuk fc∂`h gksrh gS\ ,lkspSe ds` vuqlkj

rd` Hkjrh; [qnjk cktkj eÍ 70 vjc MkW¥j d`k fuosæ gksus d`h lEHkouk gS\ 2002 eÍ laxfBr fjVs¥ d`k d`kjksckj 10 ¥k[ oxZ œ`hV ”s( eÍ gksrk ƒk] tks 2007 eÍ cÈ
æqHkjEH luΩ 1989 eÍ d`ukMk ds` v¥cVkZ ^kUr eÍ 800 ls vf|d` nqd`kukÍ ok¥s ækW¯ix ekW¥% ∏n osLV ,MkWUVu ekW¥π d`h Lƒkiuk ds` lkƒ gqvk\ bleÍ d`jhc 450 œ`hV ¥Ech ,d` >h¥ ds` lkƒ–lkƒ] okVj ikdZ`] fpfÈM;k?j] xksYœ` d`ksV] gksV¥ o vU; euksjatu o lapkj lqfo|k,a mi¥C| ƒÓ\ blds` ckn vejhd`k] ;wjksi] Hkjr o vusd` vU; jkÆV_kÍ eÍ ,sls esxk ekWYl d`h la“;k fujUrj cÈ
vkSj ekWYl d`h la“;k cÈ
fjVs¥ ∂`kfUr % fcEc vkSj ^frfcEc fofHUu ^d`kj d`h nsæh–fonsæh d`Eifu;kÍ ds` Hkjrh; [qnjk cktkj eÍ ^osæ d`jus ds` d`kj. tgk∑ ,d` vksj ¥k[kÍ ¥ksxkÍ ds` f¥, uohu jkstxkj volj l~ftr gkÍxs] ogÓ nwljh vksj Lƒkuh; Lrj ij lapkf¥r fd`jkuk LVkslZ lsokvkÍ eÍ Hh lq|kj gksxk\ eYVhusæu¥ vkSj eYVh czk∑p ok¥h fjVs¥ d`Eifu;kÍ ds` lkƒ p¥us ds` f¥, Lƒkuh; fd`jkuk LVkslZ us vHh ls ∂s`fMV œS`flf¥Vh] gkse fM¥hojh] ilUnxh ij fo∂`;] m®e xq.o®k] xkj≥Vh rƒk okjaVh tSlh lqfo|kvkÍ d`k ^p¥u cÈku Hkjrh; [qnjk cktkj d`h vksj cÈ< jgk gS] oSls–oSls nsæ ds` d`jksÈMkÍ [qnjk O;kikfj;kÍ] fd`lkukÍ] Hze.æh¥ fo∂s`rkvkÍ vkfn ds` fgrkÍ ij dq`Bkjk?kr gksus d`h lEHkouk,a Hh cÈ
Hkjr eÍ luΩ 1960 eÍ ∏viuk cktkjπ ds` uke ls eqEcbZ eÍ lcls ig¥k ækW¯ix ekW¥ Lƒkfir fd`;k x;k\ rRi'pkrΩ nsæ ds` ckd`h esV_ksiksYl vkSj ægjkÍ eÍ ækW¯ix ekWYl d`k fod`kl gksrk x;k vkSj vkt Hkjr eÍ 170 ds` ¥xHx ækW¯ix ekWYl gß] ftueÍ ls vk|s fnY¥h vkSj eqEcbZ eÍ gß\ foxr nks lk¥ ls Hkjr eÍ ekW¥ Lƒkfir d`jus d`k tquwu bl d`nz eÍ œS`¥k gS fd` o"Z 2009 ds` vUr rd` nsæ eÍ 7·5 d`jksÈM oxZ œ`hV tehu ækW¯ix ekWYl }kjk gh ?sj ¥h tk,xh izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/878

”s( eÍ œS`¥s bl esxk ekWYl d`ks nf”.% iwohZ ,fæ;k ds` esxk ekWYl eÍ lcls cÈMk ekuk tkrk gS\ bleÍ eYVh L∂`hu flusek] [ku–iku o euksjatu d`h lHh lqfo|kvkÍ ds` lkƒ–lkƒ œw`M d`ksVΩlZ rƒk czk≥MsM vkmV¥sVΩl vkSj [jhnnkjh d`h v»ru lqfo|k,a mi¥C| gkÍxh\ Hkjrh; [qnjk cktkj eÍ lcls iqjkuh d`Eiuh ‘Mkcj d`Eiuh’ gS ftld`h Lƒkiuk luΩ 1884 eÍ gqbZ ƒh\ vkt laxfBr ”s( eÍ ;g d`Eiuh nsæ d`h pkSƒh cÈMh [qnjk

d`Eiuh gS\ uSfR;d` LoHko ok¥h oLrqvkÍ d`k fofuekZ. `d`jus ok¥h ‘fgUnqLrku ¥hoj f¥feVsM’ Hh lkS lk¥ ls T;knk iqjkuh d`Eiuh gS] ftls nsæ d`h [qnjk d`Eifu;kÍ eÍ vCc¥ ntkZ ^kIr gS\ blh d`ÈMh eÍ xksnjst d`Eiuh d`k Hh fofæÆV Lƒku cuk gqvk gS\ vLlh ds` næd` eÍ mnkjhd`j. ij vk|kfjr uhfr;kÍ ds` p¥rs cgqjkÆV_h; d`Eifu;kÍ ls ^frLi|kZ d`jus d`h n~fÆV ls ,ad`j] fujek] ?ÈMh] fpd` tSlh e÷;ekd`kj ok¥h [qnjk d`Eifu;k∑ Hh cÈMh d`Eifu;kÍ eÍ ifjofrZr gks xbÛ\ ‘bd`ksuksfeDl baVsf¥tÍl ;wfuV’ d`h ,d` fjiksVZ ds` eqrkfcd` nsæHj eÍ fœ`¥gk¥ 53 ¥k[ fd`jkus d`h nqd`kuÍ gß] ftueÍ ls etcwr vkfƒZd` fLƒfr ok¥h ækWIl rsth ls fMikVZes≥V¥ LVkslZ eÍ rCnh¥ gks jgh gß\ laxfBr ”s( d`h vksj mUeq[ bu ækWIl d`k HfoÆ; mTto¥ ^rhr gks jgk gS\ gk¥ gh eÍ ‘fj¥k;al b≥MLV_ht’ }kjk 25000 d`jksÈM :\ ds` fuosæ ds` lkƒ nsæHj ds` 1500 ægjkÍ eÍ vius fjVs¥ vkmVΩ¥sVΩl [ks¥us d`h egRokd`ka”h ;kstuk cukbZ xbZ] ftlds` vUrxZr dq`N vkmV¥sVΩl d`k rks lapk¥u æqÔ Hh gks x;k gS\ nsæ ds` 10 jkT;kÍ ds` d`jhc 20 ægjkÍ eÍ fj¥k;al ≠s`æ ds` uke ls 140 LVksj [ks¥ pqd`h fj¥k;al fjVs¥ us ,d` d`ne cÈ
d`jksÈM :i, jgk\ ¥kH ij p¥ jgs ds`Unzh; lkoZtfud` mi∂`ekÍ ds` ¥kHkÍ eÍ ek( 1·66 ^frær o~f* vkæk ds` vuqÔi ugÓ gS\ gks ld`rk gS vkfƒZd` eUnh ds` d`kj. ;s lkoZtfud` mi∂`e lUrks"^n ¥kH nsus eÍ vleƒZ jgs gß] fœ`j Hh buls turk d`h ^ks\ th\ lh\ lqjkuk vis”k,a vf|d` gß\ ;»fi ?kVs ij p¥ jgs ds`Unzh; ds`Unzh; lkoZtfud` mi∂`ekÍ d`h la“;k vkSj lkoZtfud` mi∂`ekÍ d`h la“;k eÍ fujUrj bueÍ fofu;kstu d`h ek(k eÍ fujUrj o~f* d`eh vk jgh gS fœ`j Hh o"Z 2006–07 d`h gksrh tk jgh gS\ o"Z 1951–52 eÍ bu mi- rq¥uk eÍ 2007–08 eÍ ?kVs eÍ 33·3 ^frær ∂`ekÍ d`h la“;k ek( 5 ƒh vkSj bueÍ fuosæ o~f* bl ckr d`k lads`r gS fd` ?kVs ij p¥ 29 d`jksÈM :i, ƒk] tks cÈ
vkfƒZd` ¥s[

lkoZtfud mi∂`ekÍ eÍ fofuosæ Hkjr tSls fefJr vƒZO;oLƒk viukus ok¥s nsækÍ eÍ lkoZtfud` bd`kb;kÍ d`k foæs" egRo gS\ Hkjr ds` ^ƒe ^|kuea(h Lo\ iafMr tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ us lkoZtfud` ”s( ds` egÂo d`ks Lohd`kj d`jrs gq, d`bZ egRoiw.Z m»ksxkÍ d`ks lkoZtfud` ”s( eÍ j[d`j muds` fod`kl d`k nkf;Ro ^tkrkaf(d` ljd`kj ds` da`|kÍ ij j[k vkSj lkoZtfud` mi∂`ekÍ d`ks VsEiYl vkWœ` ekWMuZ bf≥M;k (Temples of Modern India) ekud`j bud`h Lƒkiuk ,oa fod`kl ds` f¥, ljd`kj vkSj turk nksukÍ d`ks leku Ôi ls Hkxhnkjh fuHkus d`k vkÿku fd`;k\ ^ƒe iapo"hZ; ;kstuk (1951–56) ls gh ljd`kj us nsæ ds` ;kstukc* vkfƒZd` fod`kl gsrq ds`Unzh; lkoZtfud` bd`kb;kÍ d`h Lƒkiuk d`juh ^kjEH d`j nh\ bu mi∂`ekÍ d`h Lƒkiuk fofHUu mˆs';kÍ] tSls vkfƒZd` ,oa lkekftd` fod`kl] Î`f" ,oa vkS»ksfxd` ”s( d`ks vk|kj cukuk« vkfƒZd` ,oa lkekftd` fiNÈMsiu d`ks nwj d`juk« vk|qfud` rd`uhd`kÍ }kjk nsæ d`ks vkRefuHZj cukuk« mi¥C| lalk|ukÍ d`k vf|d`re lnqi;ksx d`juk« jkstxkj ds` volj mi¥C| d`juk« ,d`kf|d`kjh ^o~f®;kÍ ij vadq`æ ¥xkuk« miHksâ`k ^sfjr m»ksxkÍ d`k fod`kl d`juk« xjhc ,oa vehj ds` e÷; cÈ
o"Z eq“; fcUnq 2007–08

1.

4,20,476

4,55,409

8·31

2.

6,59,959

7,63,127

15·61

9,64,896

10,81,925

12·13

89,578

91,083

1·66

8,457

11,274

33·30

fuosæ ·nh?kZof| )`. + bfDoVh‚ fu;ksftr iw∑th 3. dq`¥ VuZvksoj 4. ¥kH ok¥h bd`kb;kÍ d`k ¥kH 5. ?kVs ok¥h bd`kb;kÍ d`k ?kVk

mi;qZâ` rkf¥d`k ds` v÷;;u ls ds`Unzh; lkoZtfud` bd`kb;kÍ ds` lEcU| eÍ egRoiw.Z lwpuk,a ^kIr gksrh gß\ o"Z 2007–08 eÍ d`k;ZjrΩ 242 ^frÆBkukÍ eÍ 160 lkoZtfud` bd`kb;k∑ ¥kH ij p¥ jgh ƒÓ] 53 lkoZtfud` ^frÆBku ?kVs ij p¥ jgs ƒs ,oa 29 ds`Unzh; lkoZtfud` bd`kb;k∑ cUn ;k u ¥kH u gkfu ok¥h bd`kb;k∑ ƒÓ\ o"Z 2006–07 eÍ bu bd`kb;kÍ eÍ fuosæ 4,20,476 d`jksÈM ƒk] tks lkoZ t fud` fofu;ks x 2007–08 eÍ cÈ
o~f* ·^frær eÍ‚

2006–07

ds`Unzh; lkoZtfud` mi∂`e jkstxkj ds` volj mi¥C| d`jkus ds` eq“; lzksr gß\ bu mi∂`ekÍ eÍ 15·70 ¥k[ d`eZpkjh lsokjrΩ gß\ ds`Unzh; ljd`kj ,d` vknæZ lsok fu;ksâ`k ds` Ôi eÍ d`eZpkfj;kÍ ds` fgrkÍ d`h j”k d`j jgh gS\

fofuosæ d`k;Z∂`e d`h æqÔvkr (Disinvestment) ds`Unzh; lkoZtfud` mi∂`ekÍ ds` xSj– ljd`kjhd`j. d`h fnæk eÍ fofuosæ d`k;Z∂`e d`h egRoiw.Z Hwfed`k gS\ fofuosæ ;kstuk d`k æqHkjEH vkS»ksfxd` uhfr] 1991 vkSj o"Z 1991-92 ds` f¥, rRd`k¥hu fo® ea(h ·orZeku eÍ ^|kuea(h‚ eueksgu ¯lg }kjk ¥ksd` lHk eÍ ^Lrqr ctV ls ekuk tkrk gS\ fofuosæ l s o"Z 2009–10 rd` ¥f”r ,oa

^kIr jkfæ d`k vo¥ksd`u fuEuf¥f[r ?kVs d`ks iVjh ij ¥kus d`k ljd`kjh ^;kl ,d` lgh d`ne ekuk tk ld`rk gS\ rkf¥d`k }kjk fd`;k tk ld`rk gS% ;gk∑ ;g Hh mY¥s[uh; gS fd` ds`Unzh; fofuosæ ls ^kIr jkfæ lkoZtfud` mi∂`ekÍ d`k fofuosæ d`k;Z∂`e ¥{; ·d`jksÈM ^kIr jkfæ nsæ ds` iw∑th cktkj ds` fod`kl eÍ vgeΩ o"Z :`i, eÍ‚ ·d`jksÈM :`i, eÍ‚ Hwwfed`k fuHkus] chekj bd`kb;kÍ d`ks LoLƒ cukus o tud`Y;k. ;kstukvkÍ ds` f¥, 1991–92 2500 3038 fo®h; lalk|u tqVkus ls tqÈMk gqvk gS\ lkƒ 1992–93 2500 1913 gh fofuosæ ds` d`kj. lkoZtfud` bd`kb;kÍ 1993–94 3500 æwU; ds ` fuÆiknu eÍ lq|kj gqvk gS] lkoZtfud` 1994–95 4000 4843 mi∂`ekÍ d`h ¥kHnk;d`rk eÍ o~f* gqbZ gS\ 1995–96 7000 168 fofuosæ d`h xbZ d`Eifu;kÍ ds` æs;j ewY; 1996–97 5000 380 cÈ<s gß vkSj lkoZtfud` ^frÆBkukÍ eÍ lsokjrΩ 1997–98 4800 910 d`kfeZd`kÍ ds` eu ls N∑Vuh (Retrenchment) 1998–99 5000 5371 d`k H; nwj gqvk gS\ 1999–2000 10,000 1860 o"Z 2009–10 ds` f¥, ^Lrqr ctV eÍ 2000–01 10,000 1871 ds`Unzh; fo® ea(h ^.c eq[thZ us lkoZ2001–02 12,000 5632 tfud` ”s( d`h d`Eifu;kÍ eÍ fofuosæ ds` 2002–03 12,000 3348 tfj, futh Hkxhnkjh d`ks cÈko lkoZtfud` mi∂`ekÍ eÍ fofuosæ ^f∂`;k d`ks MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg ljd`kj viuh ^ƒe ^kjEH d`jus ds` lads`r fn,\ vHh fiN¥s ikjh eÍ okeiafƒ;kÍ ds` ncko ds` d`kj. fnukÍ laln eÍ jkÆV_ifr ds` vfHHk". eÍ fofuosæ ^f∂`;k d`ks xfr ugÓ ns ld`h] ubZ l^ax us jktd`ks"h; ?kVs d`h iwfrZ o ¥sfd`u l^ax d`h bl f}rh; ikjh eÍ d`ksbZ iw∑th tqVkus ds` f¥, fofuosæ d`h Mxj ij jktuhfrd` ck|k ugÓ gS\ vr# fofuosæ d`ne cÈko vkfƒZd` fLƒfr eÍ lq|kj ¥kus ds` f¥, fofu- mi;ksxh lkfcr gks ld`rs gß% osæ d`k ftUu cksr¥ ls ckgj fud`¥ vk;k gS\ ds`Unzh; ljd`kj ij jktd`ks"h; ?kVs d`ks 1. ljd`kj d`ks fofuosæ d`h Mxj ij cÈ<us ls iwoZ bud`h ^f∂`;k eÍ ikjnfæZrk d`k iVjh ij ¥kus] pquko ds` nkSjku turk ls iwjk ÷;ku j[k tkuk pkfg,\ ^kjEH fd`, x, ok;nkÍ d`ks iwjk d`jus rƒk vkfƒZd` ls gh lkoZtfud` mi∂`ekÍ d`h fofuosæ eanh ds` p¥rs m»ksxkÍ d`ks i;kZIr laj”. ^f∂`;k ij lok¥ mBrs jgs gß\ ^nku d`jus d`k tcjnLr ncko gS\ fo®h; lkoZtfud` bd`kb;kÍ ds` lkSnkÍ d`ks o"Z 2007–08 eÍ ds`Unz ljd`kj d`k jktvnk¥rkÍ eÍ pqukSfr;k∑ nh xbÛ\ fnlEcj d`ks"h; ?kVk GDP d`k 2·7 ^frær ƒk] tks 1999 ls 30 twu] 2007 ds` chp 2008–09 eÍ cÈ
vkbZlhvkbZ] vkbZchih] bf≥M;u isV_ksds ` fed`Yl] MhlhvkbZ ] xs ¥ ,oa vks,uthlh eÍ gq, gß\ ftueÍ ∂`eæ# 27·5 ^frær« 18·92 ^frær« 9·20 ^frær« 26 ^frær« 28·95 ^frær« 20 ^frær« 10 ^frær ,oa 9·96 ^frær fofuosæ fd`;k x;k gS\ bu lkoZtfud` mi∂`ekÍ eÍ ls mUgÓ bd`kb;kÍ ds` vaæ futh ”s( ,oa turk d`ks fo∂`; fd`, tk, ftud`h ¥kHnk;d`rk ij foijhr ^Hko ugÓ iÈMs\ 3. fofuosæ ds` d`kj. fd`lh Hh lkoZtfud` mi∂`e d`h ljd`kjh bfDoVh d`ks 51 ^frær ls d`e ugÓ fd`;k tk,\ 4. ftl jkT; eÍ d`k;ZjrΩ lkoZtfud` mi∂`e d`k fofuosæ fd`;k tk,] ml jkT; d`ks fofuosæ ls ^kIr jkfæ d`k dq`N ¥kH vo'; fn;k tk,\ mnkgj.kƒZ jkT;kÍ d`ks fofuosæ ls ^kIr jd`e d`k dq`N fgLlk ·Hkx‚ C;kt eqâ` )`. ds` Ôi eÍ fn;k tk,\ 5. ljd`kj d`ks lkoZtfud` mi∂`ekÍ d`h vf|d` fgLlsnkjh cspus ds` Lƒku ij ¥kH ok¥h lkoZtfud` bd`kb;kÍ ds` 10 ^frær rd` vaæ gh cspus pkfg,\ 6. mi¥C| ekuoh; lalk|u ds` vf|d`re lnqi;ksx ,oa lkSgknZiw.Z lEcU| cuk, j[us ds` f¥, dq`N ^frær vaæ d`kfeZd`kÍ d`ks fo∂`; fd`, tk,a\ oS'ohd`j. ds` nkSj eÍ ds`Unzh; lkoZtfud` mi∂`ekÍ eÍ fofuosæ ds` ek÷;e ls ds`Unzh; ljd`kj vkfƒZd` eUnh d`k eqd`kc¥k ,oa jktd`ks"h; ?kVs d`h iwfrZ gsrq mRlkfgr gS ¥sfd`u bld`k rkRi;Z ds`Unzh; lkoZtfud` mi∂`ekÍ d`h Hwfed`k d`ks ud`kjuk ;k d`e egRo nsuk ugÓ gksuk pkfg,\ lkoZtfud` mi∂`e gekjh vƒZO;oLƒk ds` ^k. gß\ vr# bud`h leL;kvkÍ d`ks nwj fd`;k tkuk pkfg,\ fofuosæ d`k;Z∂`e d`ks ¥kxw d`jrs le; d`eZpkfj;kÍ ds` fgrkÍ d`k ÷;ku j[k tk,\ d`eZpkfj;kÍ d`ks Hh fofuosæ d`k;Z∂`e d`h œ`k¥rw vk¥kspukvkÍ ls cpuk pkfg,\ fofuosæ d`k;Z∂`e d`h lœ`¥rk d`kœ`h lhek rd` fofuosæ ea(k¥; ,oa fofuosæ vk;ksx }kjk f¥, x, fu.Z;kÍ ,oa viukbZ tkus ok¥h ^f∂`;k ij fuHZj d`jrh gS\ vr# bu laLƒkvkÍ }kjk ikjnfæZrk cjrrs gq, lko|kuhiwoZd` fu.Z; ¥sd`j fofuosæ ^f∂`;k d`ks xfr nsuh pkfg,\ lkƒ gh bu laLƒkvkÍ }kjk fd`, tkus ok¥s O;;kÍ eÍ ferO;;rk ¥kuh pkfg,\ ●●●

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Hkjr eÍ lkEiznkf;d`rk d`h leL;k v:`.ksn; cktis;h] vatf¥ f(ikBh Hkjr eÍ fcz f Væ d`k¥ d`h ,d` ud`kjkRed` nsu ds` Ôi eÍ LorU(rk ds` le; ls gh Hkjr eÍ lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h leL;k fo»eku jgh gS\ Hkjr tSls foæk¥ o cgq|ehZ nsæ eÍ cgqla“;d` fgUnqvkÍ o vYila“;d`kÍ] tSls eql¥eku] bZlkbZ] fl[ vkfn ds` e÷; |kfeZd` vk|kj ij ruko o erHsnkÍ d`k gksuk LokHkfod` gS] ¥sfd`u lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h leL;k blls fHUu gS\ ;g leL;k 21 oÓ ærkCnh ds` cn¥rs ifjosæ eÍ u, o tfV¥ Ôi |kj. d`j jgh gS\ orZeku eÍ vUrjkZÆV_h; vkrad`oknh laxBukÍ d`h vfrlf∂`;rk ds` d`kj. fgUnw– eqfL¥e lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h leL;k u, Ôi |kj. d`j jgh gS\ Hkjr eÍ eqfL¥e leqnk; lcls cÈMk vYila“;d` leqnk; gS Hkjr d`h dq`¥ vkcknh eÍ mud`h la“;k 12·12 ^frær gS] tcfd` fgUnqvkÍ d`h la“;k 82 ^frær gS\ bZlkbZ rƒk fl[ |eZ ds` vuq;kf;;kÍ d`h la“;k ∂`eæ# 2·34 ^frær ,oa 1·94 ^frær gS\ ;fn fo'o Lrj ij ns[Í] rks rhu cÈMs |eZ ∂`eæ# bZlkbZ] eqfL¥e rƒk fgUnw gß\ ftud`h tula“;k fo'o d`h vkcknh d`k ∂`eæ# 37 ^frær] 17 ^frær ,oa 13 ^frær gS\ mâ` fooj. ls LiÆV gS fd` fo'o rƒk Hkjr nksukÍ eÍ eqfL¥e leqnk; d`h vkcknh egRoiw.Z gS\ vejhd`h fo}kuΩ ,l\ ih\ ga¯VXVu us viuh iqLrd` Clash of Civilisation eÍ |kfeZd` laLÎ`fr;kÍ ds` la?"Z d`h d`Yiuk d`h ƒh\ bZlkbZ cgq¥rk ok¥s ik'pkR; nsækÍ rƒk eqfL¥e nsækÍ eÍ p¥ jgs orZeku la?"Z d`ks blh HfoÆ;ok.h ds` lUnHZ eÍ ns[k tk jgk gS\ ^'u ;g gS fd` mâ` oSf'od` la?"Z o vkrad`okn Hkjr eÍ lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h leL;k d`ks dS`ls ^Hkfor d`j jgk gS= Hkjr eÍ ig¥s ls p¥h vk jgh fgUnw– eqfL¥e lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h ^f∂`;k eÍ xr dq`N o"ksÛ eÍ vUrjkZÆV_h; eqfL¥e vkrad`okn Hh vc lf∂`; Hwfed`k fuHk jgk gS\ Hkjr eÍ lf∂`; fleh] gqth rƒk ikfd`Lrkuh lefƒZr vkrad`oknh laxBu viuh xfrfof|;kÍ }kjk Hkjrh; lkE^nkf;d`rk d`ks u;k jax ^nku d`j jgs gß\ tEew-d`'ehj eÍ lkE^nkf;d`rk] v¥xkookn o vkrad`okn ,d`-nwljs ds` lkƒ bl ^d`kj lfUufgr gks x, gß fd` d`'ehj leL;k vR;Ur tfV¥ gks xbZ gS\ xr dq`N o"ksÛ eÍ Hkjr ds` fofHUu ægjkÍ eÍ izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/881

eqfL¥e vkrad`okn d`h] tks ?Vuk,a gqbZ gß\ mlls Hkjr eÍ lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h leL;k vR;Ur tfV¥ o xEHhj gksrh tk jgh gS\ ^frf∂`;kLoÔi fgUnw leqnk; eÍ Hh mxzoknh ^o~f® d`ks c¥ fe¥ jgk gS\ bl cn¥rs ifjosæ eÍ Hkjr eÍ lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h cn¥rh ^o~f® d`k fo'¥s". vko';d` gS\

lkE^nkf;d`rk D;k gS= |eZ ;k |kfeZd` HkoukvkÍ d`ks xSj – |kfeZd` mˆs';kÍ d`h ^kfIr gsrq mi;ksx d`jus d`h ^o~f® d`ks lkE^nkf;d`rk d`grs gß\ ;s xSj–|kfeZd` mˆs'; jktuhfrd`] vkfƒZd` ;k lkekftd` gks ld`rs gß\ |eZ ;k |kfeZd` HkoukvkÍ d`ks |kfeZd` mˆs'; d`h ^kfIr ds` f¥, mi;ksx d`juk lkE^nkf;d`rk ugÓ gS\ mnkjg. ds` f¥, vkSjaxtsc us eqfL¥e |eZ ds` ^pkj-^lkj ds` f¥, vU; |eksÛ ds` |kfeZd` Lƒ¥kÍ d`ks uÆV fd`;k rƒk tcju |eZ ifjorZu d`ks ^ksRlkfgr fd`;k\ bl rjg ds` d`k;Z |kfeZd` mUekn ;k |ekZU|rk d`h Js.h eÍ vkrs gß] ¥sfd`u bUgÍ lkE^nkf;d`rk d`k mnkgj. ugÓ d`gk tk ld`rk\ vr# lkE^nkf;d`rk d`k ew¥ rRo gS\ |eZ d`k xSj|kfeZd` mˆs';kÍ ds` f¥, ^;ksx\ bl vƒZ eÍ lkE^nkf;d`rk fczfVæ æklu d`h nsu gS\ mifuosæoknh ækld`kÍ us vius lkezkT;oknh fgrkÍ d`h j”k rƒk Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; vkUnks¥u d`ks d`etksj d`jus ds` f¥, |kfeZd` vk|kj ij fgUnqvkÍ o eql¥ekukÍ eÍ œw`V Mk¥us d`h d`ksfææ d`h\ bls gh Hkjr eÍ lkE^nkf;d`rk d`k vkjEH ekuk tk ld`rk gS\ vktknh ds` ckn Hkjr ds` jktuhfrd` n¥kÍ us viuk tuk|kj cÈ
lkE^nkf;d`rk ,oa |eZfujis”rk lkE^nkf;d`rk d`k lgh vƒZ |eZfujis”rk ds` vk¥ksd` eÍ le>k tk ld`rk gS\ oLrqr# lkE^nkf;d`rk o |eZfujis”rk ,d` nwljs d`h fojks|h ^o~f®;k∑ gß\ lkE^nkf;d`rk eÍ tgk∑ |kfeZd` HkoukvkÍ d`k mi;ksx xSj– |kfeZd` mˆs';kÍ] tSls jktuhfrd` ;k vkfƒZd` mˆs';kÍ ds` f¥, fd`;k tkrk gS] ogÓ |eZfujis”rk |eZ d`ks jktuhfr vƒok thou ds` vU; ”s(kÍ ls v¥x d`jus ij c¥ nsrh

gS\ |eZfujis”rk ds` vUrxZr |eZ d`ks O;fâ`xr thou d`k rRo ekurs gq, bls jktuhfrd` thou ls i~ƒdΩ` d`jus d`h ckr ij c¥ fn;k tkrk gS\ Hkjrh; lafo|ku ds` vuqPNsn 25 eÍ lHh ukxfjd`kÍ d`ks |kfeZd` LorU(rk d`k vf|d`kj fn;k x;k gS] ¥sfd`u blh vuqPNsn eÍ |eZ ls tqÈMh vU; lkekftd`] vkfƒZd` ;k jktuhfrd` xfrfof|;kÍ d`ks jkT; }kjk fu;fU(r d`jus d`h ckr Hh d`gh xbZ gS\ ,slk blf¥, fd`;k x;k gS fd` |kfeZd` LorU(rk d`ks lkE^nkf;d`rk d`k Ôi xzg. d`jus ls jksd`k tk lds`\ orZeku le; eÍ Hkjr eÍ |eZfujis”rk ds` Lƒku ij iaƒfujis”rk æCn d`k ^;ksx fd`;k tk jgk gS] D;kÍfd` Hkjrh; æCn ‘|eZ’ okLro eÍ vaxzsth ds` Religion d`k ÔikUrj ugÓ gS\ Religion d`k vƒZ iwtk– ikB d`h i*fr ;k iaƒ ls gksrk gS\ ‘|eZ’ Hkjrh; laLÎ`fr eÍ ,d` O;kid` |kj.k gS\ laLÎ`r eÍ |eZ d`h ifjHk"k ‘lk |kj;fr ;ks |eZ#’ ds` vk|kj ij d`h xbZ gS\ vr# O;fâ` tks |kj. d`jrk gS] ogh |eZ gS\ bl vƒZ eÍ |eZ d`k vƒZ ew¥ d`rZO; ls gS\ blhf¥, |eZfujis”rk ds` Lƒku ij iaƒfujis”rk æCn d`k ^;ksx fd`;k x;k gS\ d`ksbZ O;fâ` ;k nsæ d`®ZO; fujis” ugÓ gks ld`rk\ ,d` vk|qfud` fopkj ds` Ôi eÍ |eZfujis”rk d`k mn; iqutkZxj. ds` lkƒ ;wjksi eÍ gqvk\ vaxzsth d`k Secular æCn ≠`kalhlh Hk"k ds` ‘Secular’ ls vk;k ftld`k ækfCnd` vƒZ gS ‘i~ƒdΩ` d`juk’\ vƒkZrΩ |eZ d`ks xSj–|kfeZd` xfrfof|;kÍ foæs"d`j jktuhfr ls i~ƒdΩ` d`juk gS\ e÷;;qxhu ;wjksi eÍ jkT; lfgr O;fâ` ds` lEiw.Z lkekftd` thou ij ppZ o iksi d`k ^HqRo ƒk\ ppZ ds` funsZækÍ ds` vuqlkj p¥d`j gh O;fâ` Salvation ;k eqfâ` ^kIr d`j ld`rk ƒk\ m®j e÷; ;qx eÍ ppZ ds` æks". vukpkj o vR;kpkj ds` fo:* iqutkZxj. d`h ∂`kfUr gqbZ rƒk LokHkfod` Ôi ls iaƒ ;k Religion d`ks xSj-|kfeZd` thou ls eqâ` d`jus d`h ^o~f® d`ks cÈ
us jkÆV_h; vkUnks¥u o nsæ ds` foHktu ds` le; lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h foÎ`fr d`k Lo;a vuqHo fd`;k ƒk\ rƒk os Hkjrh; lekt d`h cgq|ehZ ^o~f® ls Hh ifjfpr ƒs\ blhf¥, mUgkÍus iaƒfujis”rk d`h O;k“;k ‘loZ |eZ leHko’ ds` Ôi eÍ d`h\ ;gk∑ bl lEcU| eÍ egkRek xka|h ds` fopkjkÍ d`ks Hh LiÆV d`juk vko';d` gS] D;kÍfd` os |eZ o jktuhfr d`k leUo; vƒok jktuhfr d`k vk÷;kRehd`j. d`juk pkgrs ƒs\ muds` vuqlkj |eZfoghu jktuhfr œ`k∑lh d`k œa`nk gS] ijUrq ;gk∑ |eZ d`k vƒZ fd`lh iaƒ ;k iwtk–ikB d`h i*fr ls ugÓ gS\ ;gk∑ |eZ d`k vƒZ uSSfrd`rk ls gS] tks futh LokƒZ ds` Lƒku ij ¥ksd`fgr ls ^sfjr gS\ bl ^d`kj ge d`g ld`rs gß fd` iaƒfujis”rk d`h ik'pkR; |kj.k ud`kjkRed` gS] D;kÍfd` ;g iaƒ d`ks jktuhfr ls v¥x d`jus ij c¥ nsrh gS\ blds` foijhr iaƒfujis”rk d`h Hkjrh; |kj.k ld`kjkRed` gS] D;kÍfd` ;g iaƒ o jktuhfr d`ks i~ƒdΩ` d`jus ds` lkƒ–lkƒ lHh |eksÛ d`h lekurk ij Hh c¥ nsrh gS\

Hkjrh; lafo|ku o iaƒfujis”rk ;»fi Hkjrh; lafo|ku eÍ Secular æCn 42oÍ lafo|ku laæks|u }kjk 1976 eÍ ^Lrkouk eÍ tksÈMk x;k] ¥sfd`u lafo|ku d`h ew¥ Hkouk vkjEH ls ,d` iaƒfujis” jkT; d`h Lƒkiuk d`jus d`h gS\ Hkjrh; lafo|ku eÍ fufgr iaƒfujis”rk d`h |kj.k d`h fuEuf¥f[r foæs"rk,a gß% (1) Hkjr d`k viuk d`ksbZ jkT; |eZ ugÓ gksxk%ftl ^d`kj usik¥ eÍ iwoZ eÍ fgUnw |eZ ,d` jkT; |eZ d`k ;k orZeku eÍ bL¥ke ikfd`Lrku d`k jkT; |eZ gS\ ml ^d`kj Hkjr d`k d`ksbZ jkT; |eZ ugÓ gS\ bld`k fufgrkƒZ ;g gS fd` Hkjrh; jkT; fd`lh |eZ foæs" d`k iks". ugÓ d`jsxk rƒk u gh |kfeZ d ` ekin≥MkÍ ls mld`h xfrfof|;kÍ d`k lapk¥u gksxk\ (2) iaƒ o jktuhfr eÍ i~ƒDd`j.% bld`k rkRi;Z gS fd` iaƒ d`ks O;fâ`xr fo'okl d`h oLrq ekuk x;k gS rƒk bls jktuhfrd` o vkfƒZd` rƒk vU; lkekftd` xfrfof|;kÍ ls i~ƒdΩ` j[k tk,xk\ tufgr eÍ jkT; iaƒ foæ" ls tqÈMh jktuhfrd` ;k vkfƒZd` xfrfof|;kÍ d`ks fu;fU(r d`j lds`xk\ (3) |kfeZd` LorU(rk d`k vf|d`kj% Hkjrh; lafo|ku ds` vuqPNsn 25–28 eÍ lHh ukxfjd`kÍ d`ks |kfeZd` fo'okl o vkLƒk d`h LorU(rk ^nku d`h xbZ gS\ blds` vUrxZr |eZ ds` ^pkj–^lkj o |kfeZd` laxBukÍ d`h Lƒkiuk d`k Hh vf|d`kj gS\ jkT; ¥ksd` O;oLƒk] LokLF; rƒk uSfrd`rk ds` vk|kj ij |kfeZd` LorU(rk ij foosd` lEer fu;U(. ¥xk ld`rk gS\ izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/882

(4) loZ |eZ leHko%Hkjrh; iaƒfujis”rk d`h lcls egRoiw.Z foæs"rk |eksÛ d`h lekurk d`k fopkj gS\ jkT; lHh |eksÛ ds` ^fr leku O;ogkj d`jsxk\ |kfeZd` fo'okl ds` vk|kj ij jkT; d`h xfrfof|;kÍ o ¥kHkÍ eÍ ukxfjd`kÍ eÍ HsnHko ugÓ fd`;k tk,xk\ Hkjrh; lafo|ku eÍ mfY¥f[r lekurk ds` vf|d`kj ·vuqPNsn 14, 15, 16 ‚ eÍ |eZ ds` vk|kj ij ukxfjd`kÍ eÍ fd`lh Hh ^d`kj ds` HsnHko d`h eukgh gS\ blh ^d`kj ernku ds` vf|d`kj rƒk jktuhfrd` in ikus ds` vf|d`kj ds` mi;ksx eÍ |kfeZd` vk|kj ij HsnHko d`h eukgh gS\ (5) vYila“;d` fgrkÍ d`h j”k% Hkjrh; lafo|ku eÍ fufgr iaƒfujis”rk d`h ,d` ^eq[ foæs"rk vYila“;d`kÍ ds` fgrkÍ d`h j”k d`k ^ko|ku gS\ Hkjr ,d` cgq|ehZ nsæ gS rƒk ;gk∑ d`bZ NksVs |eksÛ o laLÎ`fr;kÍ d`k Hh vfLrRo gS\ ;fn lafo|ku }kjk muds` fofæÆV fgrkÍ d`h j”k ugÓ d`h xbZ] rks HfoÆ; eÍ muds` vfLrRo d`ks gh [rjk mRiUu gks ld`rk gS\ blhf¥, Hkjrh; lafo|ku ds` vuqPNsn 29 o 30 eÍ |eZ o Hk"k ij vk|kfjr vYila“;d`kÍ d`ks viuh la L Î`fr d`h j”k d`jus rƒk æS ” f.d` la L ƒkvkÍ d`h Lƒkiuk d`k vf|d`kj fn;k x;k gS\ ;g Hh ^ko|ku gS fd` jkT; vkfƒZ d ` lgk;rk nsrs le; vYila“;d` laLƒkvkÍ ds` lkƒ d`ksbZ HsnHko ugÓ d`jsxk\

Hkjr eÍ lkE^nkf;d`rk ds` d`kj. ;»fi Hkjrh; lafo|ku Hkjr eÍ ,d` iaƒfujis” jktuhfrd` O;oLƒk d`h Lƒkiuk d`k ¥{; ?ksf"r d`jrk gS] ¥sfd`u xr 60 o"ksÛ eÍ jktuhfrd` O;oLƒk ds` lapk¥u eÍ lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h ^o~f® fujUrj c¥orh gksrh jgh gS\ Hkjrh; lafo|ku d`k æk;n gh d`ksbZ ,slk ig¥w gks ftleÍ vknæZ o O;ogkj eÍ bruk cÈMk vUrj ns[k tkrk gks\ iaƒfujis”rk ds` lUnHZ eÍ lafo|ku rƒk jktuhfrd` O;oLƒk d`h fnæk,a ,d`ne foijhr gß\ lkE^nkf;d`rk ,d` fopkj|kjk gS ftld`k ∂`fed` fod`kl gksrk gS\ Hkjr eÍ ;g fopkj|kjk foæs" ifjfLƒfr;kÍ eÍ fczfVæ lkezkT;okn eÍ mfnr gqbZ] ¥sfd`u fofHUu d`kj.kÍ ls LorU(rk ds` ckn Hh iqfÆir o iY¥for gksrh jgh\ blds` mn; o fod`kl ds` fuEuf¥f[r d`kj. gß% (1) ,s f rgkfld` d`kj.%Hkjr eÍ lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h ^o~f® d`k mnΩHo fczfVæ æklu d`h nsu gS\ fczfVæ ækld`kÍ us Hkjr eÍ viuh fLƒfr d`ks etcwr d`jus o jkÆV_h; vkUnks¥u d`ks d`etksj d`jus ds` f¥, Hkjrh; lekt ds` ^R;sd` foHktu d`k mi;ksx fd`;k rƒk mUgkÍus lkekftd` œw`V

Mk¥us d`h uhfr eÍ vko';d`rkuqlkj ifjiDo d`jus o cn¥us eÍ d`ksbZ lad`ksp ugÓ fd`;k\ 1857 ds` fonzksg ds` mijkUr mud`h uhfr eql¥ekukÍ ds` fo:* fgUnqvkÍ d`ks ^ksRlkfgr d`jus d`h ƒh] ¥sfd`u tc d`kaxzsl ikVhZ d`k xBu gks x;k rƒk og læâ` gksus ¥xh rks mUgkÍus eql¥ekukÍ d`ks ^ksRlkfgr fd`;k\ 1905 eÍ eqfL¥e ¥hx d`h Lƒkiuk rƒk 1909 eÍ eql¥ekukÍ ds` f¥, lkE^nkf;d` ^frfuf|Ro d`k ¥kxw d`juk vkfn ,sls d`ne ƒs ftuls LokƒZoæ fgUnw– eqfL¥e ,d`rk eÍ [kbZ cÈ< xbZ\ nwljh rjœ` fgUnw mxzoknh rRokÍ d`ks Hh ^frf∂`;k LoÔi ^ksRlkgu ^kIr gqvk\ bld`k ifj.ke Hkjr d`ks |eZ ds` vk|kj ij foHktu ds` Ôi eÍ ns[uk iÈMk\ jkÆV_h; vkUnks¥u ds` ^xfræh¥ usrk Hh foijhr ifjfLƒfr;kÍ eÍ lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h leL;k d`k g¥ ugÓ fud`k¥ lds`\ (2) jktuhfrd` d`kj.%;fn vktknh ds` iwoZ fczfVæ æklu d`h uhfr;kÍ us Hkjr eÍ lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h fopkj|kjk d`h mRif® eÍ egRoiw.Z Hwfed`k fuHkbZ] rks vktknh ds` ckn jktuhfrd` ^f∂`;k eÍ lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h ^o~f® d`ks lqn~È< gksus d`k i;kZIr volj ^kIr gqvk\ vktknh ds` ckn ls vkt rd` tkfr o |eZ ij vk|kfjr n¥kÍ d`k vfLrRo gS rƒk iaƒfujis”rk d`k nkok d`jus ok¥s n¥ muds` lkƒ l®k ^kfIr gsrq xBcU|u cukus ls ugÓ pwd`rs\ blls Hh cÈMk rRo gS] jktuhfrd` n¥kÍ }kjk |eZ ds` vk|kj ij viuk tu leƒZu cÈ
(4) vkfƒZd` d`kj.%fofiu pUnzk us viuh iqLrd` ‘Communalism in India’ eÍ vkfƒZd` d`kj.kÍ ;ƒk% csjkstxkjh] xjhch] vlekurk vkfn d`ks lkE^nkf;d`rk ds` fod`kl eÍ ,d` ^eq[ d`kj. ekuk gS\ muds` vuqlkj LorU(rk ds` ckn 1960 rd` jkstxkj ds` volj Hh ƒs rƒk lEHkouk Hh ƒh] ¥sfd`u mlds` ckn csjkstxkjh] xjhch rƒk vlekurk ls mRiUu fujkæk us ;qok oxZ d`ks lkE^nkf;d` fopkj|kjk d`h vksj ko Hh fn, gß] ¥sfd`u vHh bl vk;ksx d`h laLÎ`fr;kÍ ij d`k;Zokgh gksuk æs" gS\ (5) euksoSKkfud` d`kj.%lkE^nkf;d`rk ,d` ekufld` fLƒfr gS] ,d` ^o~f® gS rƒk fod`flr Ôi eÍ ,d` fopkj|kjk gS\ lkEiznkf;d` naxs o lkE^nkf;d`rk fHUu gS\ lkE^nkf;d` naxs o vkrad`okn lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h fopkj|kjk ds` ewrZ ifj.ke gß] ¥sfd`u ;g ÷;ku nsus ;ksX; gS fd` lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h fopkj|kjk] lkE^nkf;d` naxkÍ ds` fcuk Hh œ`¥–œw`¥ ld`rh gS] ¥sfd`u lkE^nkf;d` naxs lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h fopkj|kjk ds` fcuk ugÓ gks ld`rs\ lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h eukso~f® eÍ lkekftd` okrkoj. o lHh xfrfof|;kÍ d`h O;k“;k |kfeZd` igpku ds` vk|kj ij d`jus d`h ^o~f® gksrh gS\ vYila“;d`kÍ eÍ vlqj”k d`h Hkouk vf|d` ikbZ tkrh gS rƒk mud`h ^frf∂`;k fofHUu ?VukvkÍ ds` ^fr vuqikr ls vf|d` gksrh gS\ nwljh rjœ` cgqla“;d` leqnk; eÍ |kfeZd` JsÆBrk d`h Hkouk ?j d`j tkrh gS\ vr# fofHUu |kfeZd` leqnk;kÍ ds` ,d` lkƒ jgus Hj ls lkE^nkf;d`rk ugÓ gksrh gS\ lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h Hkouk o ^o~f® rHh iuirh gS\ tc lHh |kfeZd` leqnk; vius fgrkÍ d`h O;k“;k viuh |kfeZd` igpku ds` Ôi eÍ d`jrs gß\ vkt Hh lkE^nkf;d` rRo viuh igpku ukxfjd` ds` Ôi eÍ ugÓ ojuΩ |kfeZd` vk|kj ij Lƒkfir d`jrs gß\ (6) vUrjkZÆV_h; d`kj.%orZeku ;qx oS'ohd`j. o mnkjhd`j. d`k ;qx gS\ fo'o ds` ,d` d`ksus eÍ ?fVr gksus ok¥h ?Vuk,a fo'o ds` nwljs d`ksus d`h fLƒfr d`ks ^Hkfor d`jrh gß\ xr 10 o"ksÛ eÍ vUrjkZÆV_h;

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/883

vkrad`okn d`h igq∑p o xfrfof|;kÍ eÍ o~f* gqbZ gS\ la;ksx ls vUrjkZÆV_h; vkrad`okn ,d` eqfL¥e vkrad`okn gS rƒk if'peh nsæ blds` fo:* ¥kecUn gS\ Hkjr viuh fonsæ uhfr eÍ vkrad`okn ds` ^R;sd` Ôi d`k fojks|h gS\ Hkjr ¥Ecs le; ls ikfd`Lrku lefƒZr eqfL¥e vkrad`okn d`h (klnh d`k lkeuk tEew–d`'ehj eÍ d`j jgk gS] ¥sfd`u vc ;s vkrad`oknh xfrfof|;k∑ nsæ ds` vU; LƒkukÍ ij gks jgh gß\ eqfL¥e vkrad`oknh fgUnqvkÍ eÍ H; O;kIr d`j nksukÍ leqnk;kÍ eÍ lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h Hkouk d`ks cÈ
lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h leL;k d`k lek|ku lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h leL;k ,d` tfV¥ lkekftd` leL;k gS ftlds` jktuhfrd`] lkekftd`] vkfƒZd`] oSpkfjd` o euksoSKkfud` ig¥w gß\ ;g leL;k nh?Zd`k¥hu ∂`fed` fod`kl d`k ifj.ke gS\ bld`k Lƒk;h lek|ku Hh ∂`fed` o nh?Zd`k¥hu mik;kÍ ls gks ld`rk gS\ leL;k ds` lek|ku eÍ ;g Hh ^'u fopkjk|hu gS fd` bl leL;k ls tqÈMs lkekftd`] lkaLÎ`frd`] oSpkfjd`] euksoSKkfud` o vUrjkZÆV_h; rRo jkT; o ljd`kj ds` ^Hkoh fu;U(. ls ckgj gß\ bl leL;k ds` lek|ku eÍ ,d` ^eq[ d`fBukbZ ;g Hh gS fd` lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h ^o~f® Hkjrh; jktuhfrd` ^f∂`;k d`k ,d` vko';d` vax cu xbZ gS\ bleÍ jktuhfrd` n¥kÍ o usrkvkÍ ds` vius fufgr LokƒZ fufgr gß\ bu fufgr LokƒksÛ d`h iwfrZ d`k oSd`fYid` ekxZ [kstuk vR;Ur d`fBu gS\ ^ks\ fofiu pUnzk ds` vuqlkj] lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h fopkj|kjk ,d` fofæÆV lkekftd` fLƒfr (Social Condition) d`h mRif® gS rƒk bl lkekftd` fLƒfr d`k cn¥ko d`j leL;k d`k lek|ku fd`;k tk ld`rk gS\ rƒk blds` f¥, cgqvk;keh Rofjr o nh?Zd`k¥hu mik;kÍ d`h vko';d`rk gS\ vYid`k¥hu mik;kÍ eÍ d`kuwu O;oLƒk d`ks ^Hkoh] fuÆi” rƒk U;k;iw.Z cukuk ftlls lekt ds` lHh oxksÛ d`k bleÍ fo'okl mRiUu gks lds`\ lkE^nkf;d`rk d`h eukso~f® d`kuwu O;oLƒk d`h eæhujh d`ks Hh ^Hkfor d`jrh gS\ iqu# HzÆVkpkj ds` d`kj.

Hh d`kuwu O;oLƒk d`h ^Hkoæh¥rk d`k Ökl gqvk gS\ vU; vYid`k¥hu mik;kÍ eÍ ljd`kjh ls o kvkÍ rƒk vU; ”s ( kÍ eÍ vYila“;d` leqnk; ds` lnL;kÍ d`ks u, volj ^nku d`juk Hh ,d` ^Hkoh d`ne gks ld`rk gS\ nh?Zd`k¥hu mik;kÍ eÍ fæ”k ^.k¥h d`k Reorientation d`juk vko';d` gS] tks lekt eÍ tkxÔd`rk mRiUu d`j lds`\ mfpr ewY;kÍ d`h Lƒkiuk d`j lds` rƒk ukxfjd`kÍ d`ks vkRefuHZj o l”e cuk lds`\ mfpr fæ”k ds` ^pkj–^lkj ls vYila“;d` eqfL¥e leqnk; eÍ ,d` tkxÔd` e÷;e oxZ ds` fod`kl eÍ lgk;rk fe¥sxh\ fæ”k ds` lkƒ lapkj ds` lk|u Hh oSpkfjd` tkxÔd`rk d`ks cÈus rƒk blds ` lek|ku gs r q ,d` lexz n~fÆVd`ks. (Holistic Approach) viukus d`h vko';d`rk gS\ ,slk d`juk lEHo ugÓ gks ik jgk] D;kÍfd` orZeku le; eÍ Hkjr eÍ d`YiukRed` usr~Ro (Imaginative Leadership) rƒk jktuhfrd` bPNkæfâ` æs" i~ÆB 885 ij

lkekftd` ¥s[

Hkjr eÍ ¥ßfxd` vlekurk jk?osUnz frokjh lekt eÍ O;fâ`;kÍ ds` chp ¯¥x ds` vk|kj ij Hsn–Hko fd`;k tkuk ¥ßfxd` vlekurk d`gk tkrk gS\ ¥ßfxd` vlekurk lekt eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`h fLƒfr d`ks v|huLƒ ;k f}rh;d` cukus ls lEcfU|r gS\ ¥ßfxd` vlekurk d`k vk|kj tSfod` ugÓ gksrk gS\ bld`k vk|kj lkekftd` gksrk gS\ Hkjr eÍ ¥ßfxd` vlekurk d`ks fofHUu vƒksÛ ,oa fofHUu Lrj ij le>k x;k gS ;ƒk ld`¥ tula“;k vkSj ¯¥x vuqikr ds` vk|kj ij] lk”jrk ds` vk|kj ij] lkekftd` vkfƒZd` volj ds` vk|kj ij] fofæÆV lsokvkÍ rd` igq∑p ds` vk|kj ij vkfn\ tsUMj Mso¥ieÍV baMsDl (GDI) ds` vUrxZr Hkjr eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`h fLƒfr d`ks nf”. v≠`hd`h nsæ ekstfEcd`] ,fæ;kbZ nsæ ckaX¥knsæ] ikfd`Lrku vkfn nsækÍ ds` tSls crk;k x;k gS\ blls LiÆV gS fd` lEiw.Z fod`kl ds` vUrxZr efg¥kvkÍ d`h fLƒfr fuEu cuh gqbZ gS% Hkjr eÍ FEAR (fœ`;j = Female Economic Activity Rate) d`k Lrj cgqr fuEu gS\ Hkjr eÍ ¥ßfxd` vlekurk d`ks nwj d`jus ds` vusd` ^;kl vusd` LrjkÍ ij fd`, tk jgs gß\ tSls fofHUu iapo"hZ; ;kstukvkÍ eÍ efg¥kvkÍ ls lEcfU|r d`k;Z∂`ekÍ d`ks ækfe¥ d`jds` rƒk Hkjr eÍ ¯¥x vk|kfjr ctV d`h æqÔvkr d`jds` ftls tsUMj ct¯Vx d`gk tkrk gS

iapo"hZ; ;kstuk,a ,oa efg¥k,a iapo"hZ; ;kstukvkÍ eÍ efg¥kvkÍ ds` fod`kl eqnΩnkÍ d`ks |hjs–|hjs fod`flr fd`;k tk jgk gS\ lkroÓ iapo"hZ; ;kstuk eÍ efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, 27 fofæÆV d`k;Z∂`ekÍ d`h fuxjkuh d`h lad`Yiuk d`ks ^Lrqr fd`;k x;k ƒk\ |hjs – |hjs bld`k foLrkj fd`;k x;k\ vkBoÓ iapo"hZ; ;kstuk eÍ ig¥h ckj ¥ßfxd` ifj^s{; ij foæs" c¥ fn;k x;k vkSj lkekU; fod`kl ”s(kÍ ls lalk|ukÍ ·fuf| ;k d`ks"‚ d`h fuf'pr ek(k d`k efg¥kvkÍ d`h vksj gLrkUrj. d`jus d`h ckr d`h xbZ\ vkBoÓ ;kstuk eÍ gh ;g Hh LiÆV fd`;k x;k fd` fofHUu ”s(kÍ ds` fod`kl d`k ¥kH efg¥kvkÍ rd` ^Hkoh Ôi eÍ igq∑puk pkfg,\ efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, fofæÆV d`k;Z∂`e lkekU; fod`kl ds` iwjd` ds` Ôi eÍ ¥k;k tkuk pkfg,\ ukSoÓ iapo"hZ; ;kstuk eÍ efg¥k d`EiksusV I¥ku d`ks ,d` o~gnΩ j.uhfr `ds` Ôi izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/884

eÍ viuk;k x;k\ ds`Unz ljd`kj vkSj jkT; ljd`kjkÍ ls d`gk x;k fd` dq`¥ fuf| ;k d`ks" d`k d`e-ls-d`e 30 ^frær fgLlk efg¥kvkÍ ls lEcfU|r ”s(kÍ ds` f¥, lqfuf'pr fd`;k tk,\ blh ;kstuk eÍ efg¥k læâ`hd`j. ds` f¥, fod`kl ds` ¥kH d`ks efg¥kvkÍ rd` igqq∑pkus ds` f¥, foæs" ra( d`h Lƒkiuk d`h ckr d`h xbZ\ nloÓ iapo"hZ; ;kstuk eÍ ¯¥x vk|kfjr ctV ds` ^fr ^frc*rk nækZbZ xbZ vkSj ¥ßfxd` ^frc*rkvkÍ d`ks ctVh; ^frc*rkvkÍ eÍ ifjofrZr d`jus d`h ckr d`h xbZ\ ¥ßfxd` vlekurk d`ks nwj d`jus ,oa ¥ßfxd` lekurk d`ks c¥ ^nku d`jus ds` f¥, nloÓ iapo"hZ; ;kstuk eÍ efg¥k d`EiksusV I¥ku vkSj ¯¥x vk|kfjr ctV d`ks j.uhfr ds` Ôi eÍ viuk;k x;k\ blh ;kstuk eÍ ;g fopkj ^Lrqr fd`;k x;k fd` efg¥k d`EiksusV I¥ku d`ks ds`Unzh; vkSj jkT; Lrj ij ijEijkxr Ôi ls efg¥k lEcfU|r ea(k¥; vkSj foHkx ls foLrkj fd`, tkus d`h vko';d`rk gS vkSj bls lHh ea(k¥; vkSj foHkxkÍ ls tksÈMs tkus d`h vko';d`rk gS\ bleÍ bl ckr ij Hh c¥ fn;k x;k fd` efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, vkoafVr d`ks" iw.Z Ôi ls efg¥kvkÍ d`ks ¥kHkfUor d`js] ;g m®jnkf;Ro ljd`kj d`k gks\ X;kjgoÓ iapo"hZ; ;kstuk ‘rhoz vkSj vf|d` lefUor lao~f* d`h vksj’ ds` n~fÆVd`ks. ds` vUrxZr ¥ßfxd` lekurk ij c¥ fn, tkus d`k mˆs'; gS\ bl ;kstuk eÍ ¯¥x vk|kfjr ctV d`h ^f∂`;k d`ks vkxs cÈ
tÍMj ct¯Vx ¯¥x vk|kfjr ctV ;k tÍMj ct¯Vx ;k efg¥k laosnh ctV ^f∂`;k vis”kÎ`r ,d` ubZ vo|kj.k gS\ bld`k rkRi;Z gS lkoZtfud` fuf|;kÍ ds` vkoaVu ls nsæ eÍ efg¥kvkÍ vkSj ¥ÈMfd`;kÍ ij iÈMus ok¥s ^HkokÍ d`k irk ¥xkd`j muds` chp lekurk ¥kuk\ bl ^f∂`;k eÍ efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, u rks v¥x ls ctV cukus ;k foæs" ctV d`h vko';d`rk gksrh gS vkSj u gh muds` f¥, vf|d` jkfæ d`h O;oLƒk d`jus d`h gksrh gS\ okLro eÍ bld`k mˆs'; lekt ds` cgqeq[h fod`kl ds` f¥, lkoZtfud` lalk|ukÍ d`k mfpr U;k;ksfpr vkSj dq`æ¥ forj. gS\

tÍMj ct¯Vx d`h æqÔvkr efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, la;qâ` jkÆV_ fod`kl d`ks"] jkÆV_e≥M¥ lfpok¥; vkSj d`ukMk ds` vUrjkZÆV_h; fod`kl vuqla|ku ds`Unz ds` lfEef¥r ^;klkÍ d`k ifj.ke gS\ Lƒkuh;] ”s(h; vkSj jkÆV_h; ctVkÍ ds` ¯¥xijd` n~fÆVd`ks. ls ijh”. eÍ ljd`kj vkSj l˙; lekt ds` leƒZu ds` mˆs'; ls fofHUu nsækÍ eÍ ¯¥x vk|kfjr ctV fuekZ. d`h ^f∂`;k viukbZ tk jgh gS\ fd`lh Hh nsæ eÍ ¯¥x vk|kfjr ctV ^f∂`;k d`k ?ksf"r ¥{; lkoZtfud` jktLo ds` vkoaVu eÍ L(h–iq:"kÍ ds` chp lekurk ¥kuk vkSj fu.Z; ^f∂`;k eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`h Hkxhnkjh cÈ
jktd`ks"h; uhfr;k∑ ¥kbZ xbÛ\ bleÍ lads`r fe¥rk gS fd` blus ¥ßfxd` vlekurk d`ks cÈ
bu egRoiw.Z laoS|kfud` ^ko|kukÍ ds` 3. xHZ d`k fpfd`Rlh; lekiu vf|fu;e] ckn Hh dq`N v¥x ^ko|ku ,oa fu;e cuk, 1971 x, gß] tks ¥Sfxd` lekurk d`ks c¥ ^nku 4. ck¥ fookg fujks|d` vf|fu;e] 1929 d`jrs gß] tks bl ^d`kj gß% ·laæks|u 1978‚ jkÆV_h; efg¥k æfâ` lEiUurk uhfr 5. fgUnw fookg vf|fu;e] 1955 2001, bleÍ ;g ^ko|ku gS fd` efg¥ksUeq[ ifj^s{; d`ks ctV ^f∂`;k eÍ ,d` ^p¥ukRed` 6. fgUnw m®jkf|d`kj vf|fu;e] 1956 d`k;Zuhfr ds` Ôi eÍ ækfe¥ fd`;k tk,\ bu ·2005 eÍ laæks|u efg¥kvkÍ ds` mica|kÍ d`ks d`kuwuh us d`h bPNkæfâ` ls ghu gS\ 4. vuqPNsn (39)%vkthfod`k ds` leku 3. fof| O;olk;h ·efg¥k‚ vf|fu;e] vkt vko';d`rk bl ckr d`h gS fd` ge lk|u rƒk leku d`k;Z ds` f¥, 1923 lekt o jkÆV_ ds` le” ,d` ,slk ¥{; leku osru\ 4. ^loiwoZ funku rd`uhd` ·fofu;eu j[Í ftleÍ lHh oxksÛ d`k ¥xko o fgr 5. vuqPNsn (42) %d`ke d`h U;k;laxr vkSj nq:i;ksx fuokj.‚ vf|fu;e] fufgr gks rƒk ml ¥{; d`h ^kfIr d`h ,oa ekuoksfpr nækvkÍ d`k rƒk ^lwfr 1994 ^f∂`;k eÍ lHh oxksÛ d`h Hkxhnkjh ds` volj lgk;rk d`k mica|\ mi¥C| gkÍ rHh ge lkekftd` lejlrk 6. vuqPNsn 51 ·d`‚ ·î‚ ,slh ^ƒkvkÍ lkekftd` d`kuwu ds ` ¥{; d`ks ^kIr d`j ld`rs gß\ d`k R;kx] tks fL(;kÍ ds` lEeku ds` 1. ifjokj U;k;k¥; vf|fu;e] 1984 ●●● fo:* gß\ 2. Hkjrh; m®jkf|d`kj vf|fu;e] 1925 izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/885

lelkef;d` ¥s[

jkÆV_ d`h vkUrfjd` ækfUr] lqj”k ,oa fod`kl eÍ ck|d` # uDl¥okn 

o"Z 1967 eÍ if'pe caxk¥ ds` fl¥hxqÈMh laHkx ds` nkftZ¯¥x ft¥s ds` uDl¥ckÈMh xk∑o eÍ œ`l¥ ¥wV d`h ,d` ?Vuk us HwLokfe;kÍ vkSj Hwfeghu fd`lkukÍ ds` e÷; oxZ la?"Z d`ks tUe fn;k\ ftlds` ifj.keLoÔi HwLokfe;kÍ ds` fo:* Hwfeghu fd`lku] Jfed` o csjkstxkj ;qod`kÍ us viuk vkUnks¥u vkjEH fd`;k vkSj bls usr~Ro ^nku fd`;k lh\ ih\ ,e\ lnL; ,oa ft¥kLrjh; usrk pkÔ etwenkj o d`kuw lkU;k¥ us rƒk uDl¥ckÈMh ”s( gksus ds` d`kj. bl vkUnks¥u d`ks uke fn;k x;k uDl¥okn ,oa bl ∂`kfUr d`ks uke fn;k x;k%loZgkjk d`h ∂`kfUr\ loZgkjk d`h ∂`kfUr vkSj loZgkjk d`k ukjk ¥xkus ok¥s uDl¥h vkUnks¥u ds` rhu eq“; o ?ksf"r mnΩns'; ƒs% 1. [sr tksrus ok¥s d`ks [sr d`k gd` fe¥s\ 2. fonsæh iw∑th d`h rkd`r lekIr d`h tk,\ 3. oxZ ,oa tkfr ds` fo:* la?"Z gks\ okLro eÍ uDl¥ckÈMh fopkj d`ks lS*kfUrd` leƒZu v^S¥ 1669 eÍ fe¥k tc phu d`h d`E;wfuLV ikVhZ d`h uoÓ d`kaxzsl lEiUu gqbZ\ ftleÍ ekvks ds` fopkjkÍ] ftud`ks ekfDlZTe o ¥sfufuTe d`h pje lhek d`gk tkrk ƒk] d`k mi;ksx d`jrs gq, uDl¥ckÈMh usrk pkÔ etwenkj us ?ks".k d`h ƒh fd` ∏phu d`k ps;jeSu gekjk ps;jeSu gS\π bl ^d`kj Lok|hu Hkjr ds` bfrgkl eÍ uDl¥ckÈMh d`k vkUnks¥u ek( ,d` fd`lku ,oa Hwfeghu oxZ d`h tkx~fr d`k gh ifj.ke ugÓ ƒk] cfYd` Hkjrh; lekt ds` ∂`kfUrd`kjh ifjorZu gsrq d`E;wfuLV ∂`kfUrd`kfj;kÍ us phu eÍ lEiUu gqbZ d`E;wfuLV ∂`kfUr ls lcd` lh[rs gq, ¥sfuuokn] ekDlZokn vkSj ekvksRls raqx fopkj|kjk d`ks viuk ^Lƒku fcUnq ekuk\ lkeUrokn d`ks lekIr d`jus gsrq lkE;okn d`k ;g la?"Z ml le; mxz gqvk tc Hwfeghu fd`lku ,oa misf”r lkekftd` oxZ us bld`k nkeu ƒke f¥;k\ uDl¥okn ew¥r# ekDlZokn ds` oxZ– la?"Z ds` fl*kUr ij vk|kfjr ƒk] ftlds` rgrΩ æksf"r misf”r ,oa oafpr oxZ viuh izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/886

MkW\ lUrks" ¯lg xqlkbÛ ,oa ehuk”h

æfâ` ls iw∑thifr;kÍ] teÓnkjkÍ] lkgwd`kjkÍ ,oa ækld`kÍ d`ks fæd`kj cukrs gß vkSj ækld` oxZ d`h jktl®k d`ks ¥wVuk viuk vf|d`kj ekurs gß\ uDl¥okfn;kÍ d`ks bl vf|d`kj ^kIr d`jus eÍ tks ck|k igq∑pkrk gS mls lekIr d`j nsuk pkfg, rHh loZgkjk rU( d`h Lƒkiuk gks lds`xh\ ,slh mud`h |kj.k ƒh\ ;»fi bld`k okLrfod` mˆs'; oxZ–Hsn lekIr d`j lkekftd`] jktuhfrd` ,oa vkfƒZd` lekurk Lƒkfir d`juk ƒk\ bl ^d`kj d`gk tk ld`rk gS fd` uDl¥okn ,d` fopkjkRed` jktuhfrd` o vkfƒZd` la?"Z ƒk] tks rRd`k¥hu ækld` oxZ d`h jktl®k d`ks m[kÈM œÍ`d`uk pkgrk ƒk\ ,sls ækld` oxZ d`h jktl®k d`ks ftlds` ekf¥d` nsæh] fonsæh iw∑thifr] HwLokeh] Bsds`nkj] n¥k¥ vkSj ukSd`jækg gß vkSj tks cgqla“;d` Jethoh oxZ ij æklu d`jrs gß] ijUrq orZeku le; eÍ og loZgkjk oxZ d`h ∂`kfUr d`k ukjk ¥xkus ok¥k uDl¥oknh vkUnks¥u vius ew¥Hwr fl*kUrkÍ] mˆs';kÍ o d`k;Z^.k¥h ls fnxHzfer gks pqd`k gS\ ;g viuh ¯gld` xfrfof|;kÍ ls jkÆV_ d`h vkUrfjd` ækafr] lq j ”k ,oa fod`kl ds ` ekxZ eÍ ,d` vojks|d` cu pqd`k gS\ xjhc] nf¥r] æksf"r vkfnoklh] etnwj vkSj fd`lku gh uDl¥okn ds` eq“;r;k vuq;k;h gß] iwoZ eÍ buds` la?"Z d`k ^eq[ mˆs'; l®k eÍ lgHkfxrk d`ks lqfuf'pr d`jds` lektokn ij vk|kfjr lekt d`k fuekZ. d`juk ƒk] fd`Urq orZeku eÍ bl mˆs'; d`ks ^kIr d`jus d`h d`k;Zi*fr eÍ vfr ¯glk ækfe¥ gS ftlls orZeku ifjn~'; ¯glk] ¥wVikV ,oa vjktd`rk d`k gks x;k gS\ uDl¥okfn;kÍ }kjk viuk, tk jgs lk|ukÍ d`ks lœ`¥rk ^kIr d`jus d`k lœ`¥ lk|u Hh ugÓ d`gk tk ld`rk gS\ læL( la?"Z ds` ek÷;e ls jktl®k ij vf|d`kj d`jus ds` mˆs'; Lo;a lekt] jkT; o jkÆV_ ds` vfLrRo ds` f¥, ?krd` gß\ ¯glk H¥s gh ,d` gn rd` d`ke;kc gks ld`rh gS] ¥sfd`u bl rjg ds` vkard` ls jktO;oLƒk ugÓ cn¥h tk ld`rh gS\ oafprkÍ ds` fgrkÍ d`h j”k ds` f¥, csgrj ;gh gksxk fd` uDl¥h ¥ksd`rU( d`h lhekvkÍ eÍ jgd`j gh mUgÍ lapkf¥r d`jus

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‘foI¥oh jpf;rk la?e’ vkSj ‘tu ukVΩ; e≥M¥h’ d`k xBu d`j ,d` lkaLÎ`frd` ,oa oSpkfjd` ∂`kfUr mRiUu d`j nh ftlls e÷;oxhZ; ;qod` ,oa xjhc o misf”r oxZ ds` ¥ksx bleÍ foæs" Ôi ls :fp ¥sus ¥xs] ifj.keLoÔi bld`k foLrkj vkU|z ^nsæ ds` rs¥axkuk ”s( ls ¥sd`j egkjkÆV_ ds` xMfpjks¥h vkSj pUnziqj rd` rƒk N®hlxÈ< ds` cLrj ft¥s eÍ Hh bld`k ^Hko ^R;” ifj¥f”r gksus ¥xk\ vkt oLrqfLƒfr ;g gS fd` uDl¥okn Hkjr ds` fd`lh ,d` jkT; d`h leL;k ugÓ gS] cfYd` ;g nsæ ds` cgqr cÈMs Hw–Hkx ij vius ik∑o ilkj pqd`h gS\ jkT; ^æklu }kjk vHwriwoZ neu] ncko ,oa mRihÈMu ds` ckotwn uDl¥oknh xfrfof|;kÍ d`k fl¥fl¥k tkjh gS\ viuh vusd` Hw¥kÍ ds` d`kj. uDl¥okn vius ew¥ Lƒku if'pe caxk¥ eÍ rks ugÓ iui ld`k] fd`Urq vkt ;g mu jkT;kÍ eÍ læâ` Ôi eÍ mHjk gS tgk∑ uDl¥okfn;kÍ ds` fNius ,oa dw`V;kstuk cukus gsrq tax¥ o ?kVh ”s( foæs" Ôi ls mi¥C| gß\ jkÆV_h; lqj”k ds` f¥, To¥Ur vkUrfjd` [rjk cu pqd`h uDl¥oknh leL;k ls N®hlxÈ < ] >kj[≥M] fcgkj] vkU|z ^ns æ ] mÈ M hlk] e÷; ^ns æ o egkjkÆV_ rks xzflr gß gh] fd`Urq bld`h vk∑p ls ds`j¥] rfe¥ukMq] m®j ^nsæ] m®jk[≥M] d`ukZVd` rƒk if'pe caxk¥ Hh vNwrs ugÓ gß\ bud`h ¯glkRed` xfrfof|;kÍ ij ;fn n~fÆVikr fd`;k tk,] rks Kkr gksrk gS fd` vxLr 2006 rd` uDl¥h mxzoknh ¯glk eÍ 115 lqj”kd`ehZ vkSj 401 ukxfjd` ekjs x,] tcfd` o"Z 2007 eÍ 94 lqj”kd`ehZ vkSj 364 ukxfjd` uDl¥oknh ¯glk ds` fæd`kj gq,\ vkt nsæ ds` 15 jkT;kÍ ds` 170 ft¥s uDl¥h ¯glk ls ^Hkfor gß bld`h H;ad`j ∂w`jrk ,oa ¯glk d`ks ns[rs gq, ¥xrk gS fd` nsæ d`h ækfUr] lqj”k ,oa fod`kl ds` f¥, ;g cgqr cÈMk [rjk cu pqd`k gS vkSj bld`h rhozrk fujUrj cÈ
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lHh |eZfujis” rkd`rkÍ vkSj eqfL¥e] bZlkbZ o fl[ tSls vYila“;d`kÍ ds` lkƒ fe¥d`j O;kid` la;qâ` ekspkZ xfBr d`jÍxs\ 3. ,d` xqIr ikVhZ ra( cuk,axs] ftl ij nq'eukÍ ds` ge¥s d`k d`ksbZ vlj ugÓ gksxk\ 4. etnwjkÍ] fd`lkukÍ] ;qokvkÍ] Nk(kÍ] efg¥kvkÍ vkSj nwljs oxZ ds` ¥ksxkÍ ds` e÷; [q¥s vkSj xqIr tu laxBukÍ d`k fuekZ. d`jÍxs\ 5. ihiqYl xksfjY¥k vkehZ d`ks csl œ`kslZ ds` rkSj ij leLr xk∑okÍ eÍ ukxfjd` lsuk rS;kj d`h tk,xh rƒk ægjh ”s(kÍ eÍ gfƒ;kjcUn vkRej”k bd`kb;kÍ d`h Lƒkiuk d`h tk,xh\ N®hlxÈ< eÍ tq¥kbZ 2009 ds` e÷; eÍ gq, uDl¥h ge¥s d`bZ otgkÍ ls xEHhj vkRefpUru vkSj rS;kjh d`h ek∑x d`jrs gß\ uDlf¥;kÍ us jktukanxk∑o ft¥s ds` ekuiqj b¥kds` eÍ u flœZ` rhu v¥x–v¥x txgkÍ ij ?kr ¥xkd`j ge¥s fd`,] cfYd` jkT; eÍ ig¥h ckj ,d` vkbZih,l vf|d`kjh d`ks ekSr ds` ?kV mrkj fn;k\ vkt uDl¥h ¥xHx vk|s nsæ eÍ d`kuwu O;oLƒk d`ks pqukSrh nsus d`h u flœZ` rkd`r j[rs gß] cfYd` le;– le; ij bld`k ifjp; Hh nsrs gß\ fiN¥s lk¥ ds` 1591 uDl¥h ge¥kÍ d`h rq¥uk eÍ bl lk¥ twu rd` d`jhc 1130 uDl¥h ge¥s gks pqds` gß] ftleÍ d`jhc 230 iqf¥ld`ehZ æghn gks pqds` gß] tcfd` o"Z 2007 eÍ lokZf|d` 236 iqf¥ld`ehZ ekjs x, ƒs\ bu vk∑d`ÈMkÍ d`ks ns[rs gq, d`gk tk ld`rk gS fd` fnu–^frfnu uDl¥h] vkrad`oknh vius` d`kjukekÍ ls ljd`kj d`ks [q¥h pqukSrh ns jgs gß\ foMEcuk ;g gS fd` blds` tokc eÍ ds`Unz ;k jkT;kÍ d`h d`ksbZ nwjnæhZ j.uhfr ugÓ gS \ N®hlxÈ< d`h jeu ¯lg ljd`kj us uDlf¥;kÍ ds` [kRes ds` f¥, ‘l¥oktqMwe’ vfH;ku æqÔ fd`;k ƒk] ¥sfd`u ekuokf|d`kj vk;ksx ds` gLr”si ds` d`kj. bl vfH;ku d`ks cUn d`juk iÈMk\ 12 tq¥kbZ] 2009 d`ks gq, uDl¥h ge¥s ds` ckn eq“;ea(h jeu ¯lg us fu.kZ;d` d`k;Zokgh d`jus d`h tÔjr rks crkbZ] ¥sfd`u og gksxh fd`l rjg= ds`o¥ iqf¥l c¥ bl leL;k d`k lek|ku ugÓ d`j ld`rk] bu uDl¥okfn;kÍ ls fuiVus o bud`k usVodZ` ÷oLr d`jus gsrq vko';d` gS iqf¥l c¥ ds` lkƒ–lkƒ ^fæf”r foæs" c¥ ,oa leqfpr j.uhfr d`h\ gk¥kafd` d`kuwu O;oLƒk jkT; d`k eke¥k gS] ¥sfd`u uDl¥okn d`h Hh". pqukSrh d`ks ns[rs gq, vc ds`Unzh; Lrj ls

Hh bl jkÆV_O;kih leL;k ds` lek|ku gsrq jkÆV_Lrjh; uhfr d`h vko';d`rk gS\ tc ^|kuea(h uDl¥okn d`ks ,d` cÈMk [rjk ekurs gß rc ¥kfteh gS fd` blls fuiVus d`h vpwd` rS;kjh d`h tk,\ vHh rks vk¥e ;g gS fd` uDl¥okn ihfÈMr jkT; bld`k eqd`kc¥k vius Lrj ij gh d`j jgs gß\ d`bZ ckj rks mUgÍ iÈMkslh jkT;kÍ ls Hh lg;ksx ugÓ fe¥rk\ bl rjg D;k mEehn d`jÍ fd` vc uDl¥okn ds` f[¥kœ` ,d` lefUor ¥ÈMkbZ NsÈMh tk,xh\ bl ^d`kj loZgkjk d`h ∂`kfUr vkSj loZgkjk d`h l®k ¯glk eÍ [ks lh xbZ gS\ jâ`ikr d`jds` loZgkjk oxZ d`ks l®k fn¥kus d`k LoIu rks iwjk ugÓ gks ld`k] fd`Urq vkt nsæ ds` 17 jkT;kÍ eÍ uDl¥okn d`k vkrad` vo'; œS ` ¥ x;k\ baLVhVΩ;wV vkWœ` d`kWfUœ`f¥DV eSusteÍV ds` vuqlkj tgk∑ o"Z 2003 eÍ 9 jkT;kÍ ds` 55 ft¥s uDl¥h leL;k ls xzLr ƒs\ ogÓ o"Z 2004 eÍ 15 jkT;kÍ ds` 170 ft¥s uDl¥okn d`h pisV eÍ vk x, rƒk 12 jkT;kÍ ds` 55 ft¥kÍ eÍ rks uDlf¥;kÍ d`h lekukUrj ljd`kj p¥ jgh gS\ rsth ls foLrkfjr uDl¥okn ds` lUnHZ eÍ baVs¥htÍl C;wjks ds` iwoZ funsæd` vthr nso¥ d`k d`guk gS fd` ∏fiN¥s ik∑p o"ksÛ ds` :`>kukÍ d`ks ns[rs gq, ge o"Z 2010 ds` lqj”k ifjn~'; d`k ekWM¥ cuk ld`rs gß ftleÍ 270 ls T;knk ft¥s ,oa vk|k Hkjr uDl¥ ^Hkfor gksxk] tgk∑ ljd`kjh œ`jeku æk;n gh p¥s\π vr# bl leL;k ds` lek|ku gsrq lUrqf¥r rjhds` ls ^;kl d`jus d`h vko';d`rk gS ftlds` f¥, tÔjh gS fd` lEcfU|r lefUor jkT; ^æklu Hwfe lq|kjkÍ d`ks lR;fuÆBk ls ¥kxw d`js] lkekftd` fo"erk nwj d`js vkSj d`Y;k.d`kjh ;kstukvkÍ d`k ¥kH Hh mu lHh ¥ksxkÍ d`ks ^kIr d`jok,] tks mlds` vl¥h gd`nkj gkÍ\ uDl¥okn vkt bl d`kj. ftUnk gS] D;kÍfd` gekjs lekt eÍ vlarks" o fo”ksH ds` d`kj. cus gq, gß\ tc rd` Hw[] mRihÈMu] ncko] ngær] ihÈMk ,oa oafpr vkcknh jgsxh rc rd` vlUrks" vkSj vjktd`rk] uDl¥okn tSls vkUnks¥ukÍ d`ks tUe nsrh jgsxh\ vƒkZrΩ d`gk tk ld`rk gS fd` uDl¥okn ogÓ iuirk gS tgk∑ lkekftd` Lrj ds` erHsn xgjs gksrs gß\ bl lkef;d` leL;k ds` lek|ku ds` f¥, lkekftd`] vkfƒZd` o jktuSfrd` vkfn lHh egRoiw.Z ig¥qvkÍ d`h lexz Ôi ls ehekalk d`juh gksxh\ O;oLƒk eÍ cn¥ko] le>kus d`k d`k;Z ,oa tÔjr iÈMus ij læL( d`k;Zokgh lefUor ,oa lUrq f ¥r Ô i ls d`jds` gh uDl¥okn d`ks d`kcw fd`;k tk ld`rk gS ] ftld`h vkt furkUr vko';d`rk gS\ ●●●

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Upkar’s Civil Judge/Public Prosecutor Exam. Solved Papers

ewY; # 250/-

mid`kj izd`kæu] vkxjk –2 izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/889

Code No. 1144

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ewY; # 175/-

vU; mi;ksxh iqLrdÍ` fof| lhjht-1 Hkjrh; n≥M lafgrk 70/fof| lhjht-2 n≥M izfdz`;k lafgrk 60/fof| lhjht-3 Hkjrh; lk{; vf|fu;e 55/fof| lhjht-4 lEif® vUrj. vf|fu;e 45/fof| lhjht-8 flfo¥ izfdz`;k lafgrk 62/fof| lhjht-14 egRoiw.Z fu.Z; 52/fof| lhjht-17 fof| ij vk|kfjr leL;k,∑ 85/fof| lhjht-18 Hkjrh; lafo|ku 80/flfo¥ tt/¥ksd` vfH;kstd` lkWYoMΩ isilZ 190/-

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^fæ”. d`k;Z∂`e egaxs gksrs gß\ blf¥, dq`N d`Eifu;k∑ d`EI;wVj vk|kfjr ^fæ”. viuk jgh gß\ ;s ^fæ”. lj¥ vkWu–¥kbu O;kikj eÍ d`EI;wVj lgk;rk ^.kf¥;kÍ ls ¥sd`j lsuk vkSj foeku lkSnkÍ ·V_katsDæu‚ d`h ^ksls¯lx– pk¥d`kÍ d`ks ^fæf”r d`jus ds` f¥, foeku d`EI;wVjkÍ ls vkiwfrZd`rkZvkÍ] d`eZpkfj;kÍ vkSj d`Eifu;kÍ }kjk bLrsek¥ d`h tkus ok¥h xzkgd`kÍ ds` chp lkSnkÍ d`ks vklkuh ls fd`;k tfV¥ eæhukÍ rd` œS`¥s gksrs gß\ tk ld`rk gS\ d`¥kvkÍ eÍ d`EI;wVj ?j cSBs d`ke d`jus ok¥s d`eZpkjh% urZd`kÍ ds` vax lapk¥u d`k fo'¥s". vius d`EI;wVjkÍ d`ks d`k;kZ¥; ds` d`EI;wVj fd`;k tk ld`rk gS\ ls tksÈMd`j Vs¥hd`EI;w¯Vx }kjk ¥ksx ?j d`EI;wVj d`h lgk;rk ls vkWu¥kbu ij gh d`ke d`j ld`rs gß\ laxzgk¥;kÍ d`k nkSjk fd`;k tk ld`rk gS\ fo®h; fo'¥s".%laLƒkvkÍ vkSj xzkœ`kÍ ^fl* fp(kÍ d`ks ns[k tk ld`rk gS\ dq`N ds` ek÷;e ls ¥ksx fuosæ] fc∂`h] [pksÛ] d`¥kd`kj viuh d`¥k ds` l~tu ds` f¥, Hh cktkjkÍ rƒk O;kikj ds` vU; ig¥qvkÍ d`k d`EI;wVjkÍ d`k bLrsek¥ d`j jgs gß\ fo'¥s". d`j ld`rs gß\ fMftV¥ dS`ejs] LdS`uj] œ`ksVks ^;ksxMsLd` VkWi ^d`kæu%fc∂`h i(] iqfLr- æk¥k] fp(kÍ d`k la;kstu fd`;k tk ld`rk d`k,a] ewY; lwfp;k∑] U;wt¥sVj] fu;ekof¥;k∑ gS\ vkfn\ euksjatu eÍ d`EI;wVj

m»ksxkÍ eÍ d`EI;wVj lh,Mh d`EI;w V j d`h enn ls fMtkbu%mRiknkÍ d`ks fod`flr d`jus ds` f¥, bLrsek¥\ lh,,e d`EI;wVj d`h enn ls fofuekZ. mRiknkÍ ds` fuekZ. ds` f¥, bLrsek¥] mRiknu fMtkbu d`kj[kus vkSj okLrqd`¥k ls lEcU|h okd`–ƒzw\

foæs" ^Hko iSnk d`jus vkSj fœ`Ye lEiknu eÍ d`EI;wVj bLrsek¥ fd`, tkrs gß\ laxhr ds` lkWŒVos;j ls laxhr ds` lEiknu vkSj jpuk eÍ enn fe¥rh gS\ ,uhesfVM fœ`YeÍ cukbZ tk ld`rh gß\ d`EI;wVjkÍ }kjk f[¥kfÈM;kÍ d`h f∂`;kvkÍ d`k fo'¥s". fd`;k tk ld`rk gS\

nwjLƒ fpfd`Rlk vkt d`EI;wVj ds` ek÷;e ls xzkeh. vkSj lqnwjorhZ ”s(kÍ eÍ jksfx;kÍ d`ks ¥Ech ;k(k d`jus d`h d`fBukbZ d`ks >s¥s fcuk foæs"K fpfd`Rld`kÍ ls lkef;d` ijkeæZ ^kIr d`jus eÍ lgk;d` fl* gks jgk gS\

baVjusV baVjusV ^.k¥h us lalkj ds` ^R;sd` vkneh d`ks æs" lalkj ls tksÈMd`j ,d` fo'oO;kih xzke d`h fopkj|kjk d`ks gd`hd`r eÍ cn¥ fn;k gS\ blds` ek÷;e ls vc [jhnnkjh Hh d`h tk ld`rh gS vkSj foKku] bfrgkl] Hwxks¥ vkfn fd`lh Hh ”s( ds` ^'ukÍ ds` m®j Hh ^kIr fd`, tk ld`rs gß\

xk∑okÍ d`h mUufr ds` f¥, mi;ksfxrk xzkeh. ”s(kÍ eÍ LoPN t¥] LokLF;] lapkj tSlh ew¥Hwr tÔjrÍ vkt Hh iwjh ugÓ gks ikbZ gß] ¥sfd`u foKku }kjk ;g lEHo gks ld`rh gS\ ;fn geÍ xk∑okÍ d`k rhoz xfr ls fod`kl d`juk gS rks lwpuk ^kS»ksfxd`h d`ks u ds`o¥ xk∑o–xk∑o igq∑pkuk vko';d` gS] cfYd` mlds` tfj, xzkeh.kÍ d`ks mud`h tÔjr d`h lwpuk,a mud`h viuh Hk"k eÍ nh tkuh Hh vR;Ur vko';d` gß\ lwpuk ^kS»ksfxd`h ds` ek÷;e ls d`EI;wVj ds` tfj, [srhckÈMh ds` rkSj–rjhd`kÍ] xk∑o eÍ mi¥C| jkstxkj ds` voljkÍ] xk∑okÍ d`h mit d`h ^ksls¯lx] H≥Mkj vkSj iSds`¯tx d`h lqfo|k,a xk∑o eÍ Lƒkfir d`jus tSls rd`uhd`h fo";kÍ d`h tkud`kjh fd`lkukÍ d`ks mud`h viuh Hk"k eÍ mi¥C| gksuh pkfg,\ blls xzkeh.kÍ eÍ ,d` ubZ rjg d`h tkx~fr iSnk gksxh vkSj xk∑o d`k fod`kl xk∑okÍ eÍ jgd`j viuh rƒk iwjs lekt d`h le~f* cÈ
rd`uhd`h d`k bLrsek¥ ugÓ d`j ikrs gß\ ;g ^kS»ksfxd`h lLrh vkSj bLrsek¥ eÍ vklku gksuh pkfg, rkfd` vke vkneh Hh bld`k bLrsek¥ d`j lds`\ geÍ xzkeh. ^kS»ksfxd`h d`ks fod`flr d`jrs le; vius ;gk∑ d`h ifjfLƒfr d`ks ÷;ku eÍ j[d`j d`juh pkfg, u fd` ;wjksih; d`k vuqlj. d`jrs gq,\ mnkgj. ds` f¥, gekjs ;gk∑ fd`lku u rks vf|d` fæf”r gß vkSj u gh muds` ikl vf|d` iw∑th gS vkSj u gh cÈMs–cÈMs [srkÍ ds` ekf¥d` gß\ vr# mud`h fLƒfr d`ks ns[rs gq, ,slh eæhuÍ ;k ^kS»ksfxd`h fod`flr d`juh pkfg,] ftleÍ T;knk iw∑th d`h vko';d`rk u gks vkSj mld`k mi;ksx d`juk Hh bruk vklku gks fd` vfæf”r fd`lku Hh vklkuh ls d`j lds`\ gekjs ;gk∑ ˜tkZ/fct¥h d`h Hh vDlj d`eh cuh jgrh gS\ bld`ks ÷;ku eÍ j[rs gq, ,slh rd`uhd`h fod`flr d`h tkuh pkfg, tks ekuo Je ;k iæq Je ij vk|kfjr gks\

b¥sDV_kWfud`h vkSj vkbZVh mRiknu lkWŒVos;j vkSj lsok m»ksx tks fu;kZr ls ^sfjr gS b¥sDV_kWfud`h rƒk vkbZVh m»ksx d`ks ækflr d`j jgk gS\ o"Z 2007–08 eÍ Hkjrh; lkWŒVos;j vkSj lsok m»ksx fu;kZr eÍ e÷;e o~f* gqbZ gS\ bld`k dq`¥ fu;kZr 164,400 d`jksÈM :i, ·40·4 fcf¥;u vejhd`h MkW¥j‚] rd` igq∑p x;k gS] tks fiN¥s fo®h; o"Z d`h rq¥uk eÍ :i, ds` lUnHZ eÍ 16·6 ^frær vkSj MkW¥j ds` lUnHZ eÍ 29·9 ^frær d`h o~f* gS\ o"Z 2008–09 eÍ lkWŒVos;j vkSj lsok fu;kZr d`k dq`¥ ewY; eÍ :i, ds` lUnHZ eÍ 31·6 ^frær rƒk MkW¥j ds` lUnHZ eÍ 16·3 ^frær d`h o~f* lfgr 216,300 d`jksÈM :i, vƒok 40·7 fcf¥;u vejhd`h MkW¥j vkd`f¥r fd`;k gS\ o"Z 2003–04 ls Hkjrh; b¥sDV_kWfud`h vkSj vkbZVh vkSj vkbZVhbZ,l m»ksx ds` mRiknu vkSj o~f* :>ku bl ^d`kj gß%

lkWŒVos;j fu;kZr lkWŒVos;j d`EI;wVj foKku d`h og æk[k gS] ftleÍ d`EI;wVjkÍ ds` f¥, ^ksxzke gksrs gß\ ;s ^ksxzke fæ”k] cßd`] js¥os] vUrfj”] ijek.q–foKku vkfn vusd` ”s(kÍ ls lEcfU|r gksrs gß\ lkWŒVos;j m»ksx eÍ Hkjr us fo'o “;kfr ^kIr d`h gS vkSj lHh txg Hkjrh; lkWŒVos;j bathfu;jkÍ d`h ek∑x gS\ Hkjr us bl le; dq`æ¥ tuæfâ` vk|kj ew¥ lajpuk eÍ fuosæ vkd`f"Zr d`jus ds` f¥, jkT;kÍ ds` chp lf∂`; vkSj LoLƒ ^frLi*kZ vkSj blds` lkƒ gh bZ–æklu] bZ–vf|xe] bZ–okf.T;] m»eæh¥rk] lkWŒVos;j fu;kZr o~f* vkSj ?js¥w cktkj eÍ foæk¥ laHkO;rk d`k ¥kH gS\ uohure ^kS»ksfxd`h eÍ fujUrj vuqla|ku vkSj fod`kl d`h ,d` uhfr ds` ek÷;e ls geÍ vkæk gS fd` ?js¥w cktkj eÍ Hh foLrkj d`jus ds` lkƒ ge vius fu;kZr d`ks Hh cÈ
b¥sDV_kWfud`h vkSj vkbZVh mRiknu ·d`jksÈM :i, eÍ‚ 2008–09

en

2003–04

2004–05

2005–06

2006–07

2007–08

miHksâ`k b¥sDV_kWfud`h vkS»ksfxd` b¥sDV_kWfud`h d`EI;wVj lapkj vkSj ^lkj. mid`j. lkefjd` b¥sDV_kWfud`h iqtsZ fu;kZr gsrq lkWŒVos;j ?js¥w lkWŒVos;j ;ksx

15,200 6,100 6,800 5,350 2,750

16,800 8,300 8,800 4,800 3,000

18,000 8,800 10,800 7,000 3,200

20,000 10,400 12,800 9,500 4,500

22,600 11,910 15,870 18,700 5,700

25,990 12,740 13,490 26,000 6,840

7,600 58,240 16,250

8,800 80,180 21,740

8,800 104,100 29,600

8,800 141,000 37,000

9,630 164,400 47,010

9,630 216,300 57,230

118,290

152,420

190,300

244,000

295,820

368,220

vuqekfur

o"Z 2007–08 eÍ gkMZos;j mRiknu d`h mPp o~f* eq“;r# lwpuk vkSj ^lkj. mid`j.kÍ ds` mi ”s( eÍ gqbZ vlk|kj. o~f* ds` d`kj. gS\ lzksr %okf"Zd` fjiksVZ] lwpuk ^kS»ksfxd`h 2008–09

b¥sDV_kWfud`h vkSj vkbZVh fu;kZr ·d`jksÈM :i, eÍ‚ en

2003–04

2004–05

2005–06

2006–07

2007–08

2008–09

vuqekfur miHksâ`k b¥sDV_kWfud`h vkS»ksfxd`h b¥sDV_kWfud`h d`EI;wVj lapkj vkSj ^lkj. mid`j. iqtsZ d`EI;wVj lkWŒVos;j ;ksx

825

1,150

2,000

1,500

1,600

1,515

1,500

2,300

3,000

3,885

1,440

1,200

1,025

1,500

990

165

350

500

650

625

19,000

3,755

3,800

3,800

5,850

6,100

58,240

80,180

104,100

141,000

164,400

216,300

65,940

88,180

113,725

153,500

177,600

235,300

lzksr % okf"Zd` fjiksVZ lwpuk ^kS»ksfxd`h

2008–09

o"Z 2008–09 eÍ cÈ
jkstxkj ds` cÈ
vxz.h jgk gS\ bleÍ d`eZpkfj;kÍ d`k 30 ^frær ls vf|d` Hkx efg¥k,a gß] m»ksx ds` 60 ^frær ls T;knk fuæâ` O;fâ`;kÍ d`ks jkstxkj mi¥C| gS\ lwpuk ds` ”s( eÍ Hkjr d`k fjd`kWMZ vf|d`kaæ nsækÍ ls csgrj gS\ bl fnæk eÍ fd`, tk jgs fofæÆV ^;klkÍ eÍ lwpuk ^kS»ksfxd`h vf|fu;e] 2000 eÍ laæks|u– ljd`kj }kjk bl le; leh”k|hu m»ksxkÍ ds` ^cU| oxksÛ ds` chp vkilh lEidZ` eÍ o~f* rƒk lwpuk lqj”k lEcU|h eqnΩnkÍ ds` ckjs eÍ vf|d` tkxÔd`rk ds` l~tu eÍ lgk;rk d`jus rƒk tc Hh vko';d` gks vkilh leƒZu d`h lgk;rk mi¥C| d`jkus ds` f¥, ^orZu ,tÍfl;k∑ ækfe¥ gß\

lwpuk ^kS»ksfxd`h foHkx us fofHUu d`EI;wVj fofuekZrkvkÍ ds` lkƒ 10,000 :i, ls d`e ewY; ij iwjh lqfo|kvkÍ ls ;qâ` d`EI;wVj cspus ds` ckjs eÍ fopkj–foeæZ fd`;k\ bl ij fofHUu fuekZrkvkÍ us bl d`her ok¥s oS;fâ`d` d`EI;wVj cktkj eÍ ^Lrqr Hh fd`,\ bld`k Js; nwjlapkj] c߯d`x vkSj fo®h; lsokvkÍ] fofuekZ. vkSj vkbZVh vk|kfjr lsokvkÍ tSls vkS»ksfxd` LrEHkÍ vkSj d`kWiksZjsV ”s(kÍ }kjk cÈ
Hk"k ^kS»ksfxd`h lw p uk ^kS » ks f xd`h ds ` ¥kH vke Hkjrh; rd` igq∑p ld`rs gß tc vad`h;Î`r lwpuk lHh Hkjrh; Hk"kvkÍ eÍ mi¥C| gks\ bl le; lwpuk ^kS»ksfxd`h d`h lœ`¥rk rƒk ¥kH vf|d`kaær# cÈMs ægjh ”s(kÍ] fæf”r O;fâ`;kÍ rƒk vaxzsth cks¥us ok¥s ¥ksxkÍ rd` gh lhfer gS\ blds` f¥, lwpuk ^kS»ksfxd`h foHkx us fofHUu Hkjrh; Hk"kvkÍ ds` lk|u rƒk œ`kaV lk|kj. turk d`ks fu#æqYd` Ôi ls mi¥C| d`jkus d`h fnæk eÍ ^;kl fd`, gß\ fgUnh] rfe¥] rs¥qxq] lkWŒVos;j lk|u vkSj œ`kaV tkjh fd`, tk pqds` gß vkSj iatkch rƒk mnwZ eÍ bl fnæk eÍ ^;kl p¥ jgs gß\

lwpuk ^kS»ksfxd`h d`h mUufr ds` lkeqnkf;d` lwpuk ds`Unz f¥, fd`, tk jgs ^;kl bZ–^æklu lk|kj. turk d`ks baVujsV vf|xe Hkjr ljd`kj ew¥Hwr æklu d`h xq.o®k eÍ lq|kj d`ks ^kƒfed`rk ns jgh gS\ bl lUnHZ eÍ lk|kj. turk ds` thou ls tqÈMs ”s(kÍ eÍ bZ–æklu d`ks cÈMs iSekus ij cÈ
jkT;O;kih ,fj;k usVodZ` ·Loku‚

rƒk lw p uk ^kS » ks f xd`h lefƒZ r ls o k mi¥C| d`jkd`j vad`h; foHktu d`ks d`e d`jus rƒk ljd`kj ds` lkƒ ukxfjd`kÍ ds` lEidZ` d`h lqfo|k mi¥C| d`jkus ds` mˆs'; ls lkr iwoksZ®j jkT;kÍ] flfDd`e] tEew– d`'ehj eÍ lwpuk ds`Unz æqÔ gks pqds` gß\ vaMeku ,oa fud`ksckj }hi lewgkÍ ds` ljd`kjh fo»k¥;kÍ rƒk ¥”}hi lewg eÍ Hh lkeqnkf;d` lwpuk ds`Unz Lƒkfir fd`, tk jgs gß\ lwpuk ^kS»ksfxd`h vf|fu;e/^ek.u lwpuk ^kS»ksfxd`h vf|fu;e] 2000 nsæ eÍ b¥sDV_kWfud` ifjosæ eÍ fo'okl Lƒkfir d`jus ds` f¥, fo|k;h
ljd`kj us 5 o"ksÛ d`h vof| ds` f¥, d`jksÈM :i, ds` ifjO;; ls jkT;O;kih ,fj;k usVod`ksÛ ·Loku‚ d`h Lƒkiuk d`h ,d` ;kstuk d`k vuqeksnu fd`;k gS\ ;s Loku nsæ ds` lHh jkT;kÍ rƒk la? ækflr ^nsækÍ eÍ C¥kWd` Lrj rd` 2 esxkckbV ^fr leL;k ,oa lq>ko lsd`≥M d`k vk∑d`ÈMk lEidZ` mi¥C| d`jk,axs\ fud`V HfoÆ; eÍ m»ksx ds` fod`kl ds` d`bZ tks f[e gß\ oSf'od` lad`V ds` ifj.keoS;fâ`d` lLrs d`EI;wVjkÍ d`k ^lkj LoÔi xzkgd`kÍ ds` ctV eÍ vYid`k¥hu nsæ eÍ oS;fâ`d` d`EI;wVjkÍ ds` mi;ksx æs" i~ÆB 902 ij eÍ o~f* d`jus ds` ^;klkÍ ds` ifj.keLoÔi 3,334

laoS|kfud` ¥s[

fjVkÍ d`h mRifÂk o vf|d`kfjrk ;ksxsUnz dq`ekj dq`ekor ¥ksd`rkaf(d` ,oa ¥ksd` d`Y;k.d`kjh jkT; eÍ jkT; d`h ækfUr o O;oLƒk cuk, j[us ds` f¥, ukxfjd`kÍ ij jkT; d`k fu;a(. vko';d` gS] rks nwljh vksj jkT; ds` euekus vkpj. ij fucZU|u ¥xkuk Hh vko';d` gS] rkfd` O;fâ`;kÍ d`h LorU(rk eÍ vuko';d` gLr”si u fd`;k tk lds`\ blh mˆs'; ls lafo|ku d`k vuqPNsn 32 Hkx–3 ds` ew¥ vf|d`kjkÍ eÍ ls fd`lh d`ks ^ofrZ r d`jkus ds` f¥, mPpre U;k;k¥; d`ks funsZæ ;k ¥s[ tkjh d`jus d`h æfDr iznku d`jrk gS\ blh izd`kj vuqPNsn 226 Hh ew¥ vf|d`kjkÍ d`ks izofrZr d`jkus ds` f¥, mPp U;k;k¥; d`ks vf|Î`r d`jrk gS\ ;s vknsæ mu lHh fud`k;kÍ ds` fo:* tkjh fd`, tkrs gß tks ew¥Hwr vf|d`kjkÍ ls ck÷; gß vkSj mu lHh fud`k;kÍ ds` fo:* ftuls vius lkafof|d` d`rZO; fuoZgu d`h vis”k d`h tkrh gS\ bu vknsækÍ d`k ^orZu eq“;r# mu fud`k;kÍ ds` fo:* fd`;k tkrk gS] tks lafo|ku ds` vuqPNsn –12 ds` vUrxZr jkT; æCn d`h ifjHk"k eÍ vkrs gß\

mPp U;k;k¥; d`h vf|d`kfjrk ·vuqPNsn –226‚

vuqPNsn 32 eÍ fd`lh ckr ds` gksrs gq, Hh ^R;sd` mPp U;k;k¥; d`ks mu leLr ”s(kÍ eÍ ftuds` lEcU| eÍ og viuh vf|d`kfjrk d`k ^;ksx d`j ld`rk gS\ lafo|ku eÍ ^n® ew¥ vf|d`kjkÍ d`ks ^ofrZr d`jkus ds` f¥, vkSj fd`lh vU; ^;kstu ds` f¥, lEcfU|r jkT;kÍ eÍ fd`lh O;fâ` ;k ^kf|d`kjkÍ d`ks leqfpr eke¥kÍ eÍ fd`lh ljd`kj d`ks ,sls funsæ ;k vknsæ ;k fjV] ftuds` vUrxZr cUnh ^R;”hd`j.] ijeknsæ] ^fr"s|] vf|d`kji~PNk vkSj mR^s". fjV gS] tkjh d`jus d`h æfâ` gksxh\ fjVkÍ ds` lEcU| eÍ mi;qZâ` laoS|kfud` ^ko|kukÍ ds` v÷;;u ls bud`k egRo LiÆV gksrk gS\ MkW\ vEcsMd`j us bu ^ko|kukÍ d`k egRo bl ^d`kj crk;k% ∏;fn eq>ls iwNk tk, fd` lafo|ku eÍ d`kSulk foæs" vuqPNsn lcls egRoiw.Z gS ftlds` fcuk ;g lafo|ku æwU; gks tk,xk ` flok; ·vuqPNsn 32‚ fd`lh laoS|kfud` mipkjkÍ d`k vf|d`kj nwrksljseß mlds vuqPNsn d`k uke ugÓ ¥w∑xk\ ;g ·vuqPNsn 32‚ lafo|ku d`h vkRek gS\π (1) ukxfjd`kÍ d`ks lafo|ku ds` Hkx – 3 eÍ bl ^d`kj fjVkÍ ds` egRo d`ks ns[rs mY¥sf[r ew¥ vf|d`kjkÍ d`ks ^ofrZr gq, bud`k vrhr ls vkt rd` ds` fod`kl d`jkus ds` f¥, mPpre U;k;k¥; d`k ∂`ec* fooj. bl ^d`kj gS% leqfpr d`k;Zokfg;kÍ }kjk ^pkf¥r d`jus ds` vf|d`kj d`ks ^R;kHwr d`jrk 1. cUnh ^R;”hd`j. gS\ (Habeas Corpus) (2) mPpre U;k;k¥; bu vf|d`kjkÍ d`ks cUnh ^R;”hd`j. fjV d`h ^Î`fr ,d` ¥kxw d`jkus ds` f¥, leqfpr funsæ] ,sls vknsæ d`h gS ftleÍ ml O;fâ` ls fjV ;k vknsæ ftuds` vUrxZr cUnh ftlus fd`lh nwljs O;fâ` d`ks fu:* ^R;”hd`j.] ijekns æ ] ^fr"s | ] ·cUnh‚ d`j j[k gS] ml fu:* O;fâ` d`ks vf|d`kji~PNk vkSj mR^s". Hh vkrs U;k;k¥; ds` le” ^Lrqr d`js] rkfd` gß] d`ks tkjh d`j ld`rk gS\ mld`h fu:*rk d`h oS|kfud`rk d`h tk∑p (3) laln fof| }kjk fd`lh U;k;k¥; d`ks d`h tk, vkSj ;fn mld`h fu:*rk d`k mld`h Lƒkuh; vf|d`kfjrk ds` Hhrj d`ksbZ fof|d` vkSfpR; ugÓ nækZ;k tkrk rks loksZPp U;k;k¥; }kjk mi;qZâ` [≥M mls eqâ` d`j fn;k tk,\ bl ^d`kj fu:* O;fâ` ds` fujks| d`h (2) ds` v|hu ^;ksx d`h tkus ok¥h oS | rk vkSj voS|rk d`h tk∑p d`juk bl fd`lh ;k lHh æfâ`;kÍ d`k ^;ksx fjV d`k eq“; mˆs'; gS\ d`jus ds` f¥, læâ` d`j ld`rh gS\ bl fjV d`h mRif® ds` fofHUu er (4) lafo|ku }kjk vU;ƒk micaf|r ds` ^pf¥r gß\ eSV¥S≥M us viuh iqLrd` flok; bl Hkx ·Hkx–3 ‚ ds` ew¥ ‘Constitutional History’ eÍ bls ,slh vf|d`kjkÍ d`ks fu¥fEcr ugÓ fd`;k fjV d`gk gS ftlds ` }kjk lkeUroknh ;qx eÍ tk,xk\ izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/893

futh cUnhx~g eÍ fd`lh O;fâ` ds` cUnh cuk, tkus ij lezkVΩ mlds` cUnh cuk, tkus ds` d`kj.kÍ d`h tk∑p d`jrk ƒk\ gksYMloƒZ us bld`h mRif® ew¥r# ^f∂`;k fof| ls gqbZ crkbZ gS\ ftlls U;k;k¥; fd`lh O;fâ` ds` ^Lrqrhd`j. d`ks fuf'pr d`jrk ƒk\ ckn eÍ |hjs–|hjs ;g ^f∂`;k fof| (Procedure Law) ls v¥x le>h tkus ¥xh\ fczVsu eÍ bld`h mRifÂk gSfc;l d`kWiZl ,DV 1640 ls gqbZ\ Hkjr eÍ bl fjV d`ks tkjh d`jus d`h vf|d`kfjrk loZ^ƒe d`¥d`®k ds` lq^he d`ksVZ d`ks jsX;w¥s¯Vx ,DV 1773 ds` rgrΩ nh xbZ\ d`¥d`®k ds` loksZPp U;k;k¥; us lq^he d`kßfl¥ ds` fo:* bl fjV d`k ^;ksx ·d`ek¥qˆhu d`k eke¥k‚ [q¥d`j fd`;k\ blh ^d`kj jsDl cuke jkexksfcUn rƒk vU; ds` eke¥s eÍ d`¥d`®k lq^he d`ksVZ vkWœ` twMhds`;j us fu.Z; fn;k fd` bl U;k;k¥; d`ks bax¥S≥M d`h fd`aXl cßp ds` lekukƒhZ vf|d`kj ^kIr gß\ bl d`kj. blds` U;k;k|hæ i~ƒdΩ` Ôi ls cUnh ^R;”hd`j. fjV tkjh d`j ld`rs ƒs] fd`Urq os lkewfgd` Ôi ls U;k;k¥; ds` uke ls ,slh fjV tkjh d`jus d`h vf|d`kfjrk ugÓ j[rs\ lÔipUn ds` eke¥s eÍ lq^he d`ksVZ us d`gk fd` fd`lh O;fâ` ;k laLƒk d`ks ,sls eke¥s ij fu.Z; nsus d`k vf|d`kj ugÓ gksrk ftleÍ mld`k Lo;a d`k fgr vUrxzZLr gks\ d`ksVZ eÍ lÔipUn d`k cUnh ^R;”hd`j. voS| ƒk vkSj mls eqâ` d`jus d`k vknsæ fn;k\ ,d` vU; eke¥s (1777) eÍ
fd`;k x;k fd` ^R;sd` ^kUr ds` mPp U;k;k¥; d`ks cUnh ^R;”hd`j. d`h fjV tkjh d`jus d`h vf|d`kfjrk ml ”s( rd` lhfer j[h tk, tgk∑ rd` mls œ`kStnkjh ds` eke¥kÍ ls vih¥ lquus d`k ”s(kf|d`kj ^kIr ƒk\ fjVkÍ d`k ^Hko d`e d`jus o Hkjrh; LorU(rk laxzke d`ks dq`p¥us ds` mˆs'; ls jkm¥sV ,DV 1919, caxk¥ vkijkf|d` fof| la æ ks | u vf|fu;e 1 9 3 0 o 1932 vkfn ikfjr fd`, x,\ LorU(rk ds` i'pkrΩ 1950 eÍ Hkjrh; lafo|ku ¥kxw fd`, tkus ij ukxfjd`kÍ ds` ekSf¥d` vf|d`kjkÍ d`ks lqjf”r j[us ds` f¥, cUnh ^R;”hd`j. d`h fjV ij ls mi;qZâ` lHh ^frcU| gVk fn, x,\ vuqPNsn 359 ds` vuqlkj nsæ eÍ vkikrd`k¥ ds` v¥kok fjV vf|d`kfjrk fu¥fEcr ugÓ gkÍxs\ orZeku eÍ loksZPp U;k;k¥; us lquh¥ ck(k cuke fnY¥h ^æklu AIR 1980 SC 1535 ds` okn eÍ d`gk fd` ;g fjV ·cUnh ^R;”hd`j.‚ ds`o¥ fxjŒrkjh eÍ ugÓ cfYd` ts¥ eÍ vekuoh; O;ogkj ls Hh cUnh d`ks laj”. ^nku d`jrh gS\

fjV d`k ^;ksx ds`Unzh; ;k ^kUrh; ljd`kjkÍ ds` fo:* ugÓ fd`;k tk ld`rk ƒk\ LorU(rk ds` i'pkrΩ Hkjr eÍ vuqPNsn 32 ds` rgrΩ mPpre U;k;k¥; o vuqPNsn 226 ds` rgrΩ mPp U;k;k¥;kÍ d`ks bl fjV d`ks tkjh d`jus d`h vf|d`kfjrk ^kIr gS\ bl lEcU| eÍ mPpre U;k;k¥; d`h vf|d`kfjrk mPp U;k;k¥; d`h vis”k d`e ·lhfer‚ j[h xbZ gS rƒk og ds`o¥ lafo|ku ds` Hkx– 3 eÍ of.Zr ekSf¥d` vf|d`kjkÍ ds` f¥, gh bl fjV d`ks tkjh d`j ld`rk gS\ vU; fd`lh mˆs'; ds` f¥, ugÓ\ ijeknsæ fjV fuEuf¥f[r ds ` fo:* tkjh ugÓ d`h tk ld`rh% (1) tgk∑ fd`lh vf|d`kjh ds` Î`R; foosd`h; ^Î`fr ds` gß\ (2) tgk∑ ig¥s ls oS d `fYid` mipkj mi¥C| gS\ (3) ;kph ds` Lo;a ds` v”E; fo¥Ec ds` d`kj. fjV vius mˆs'; eÍ vlœ`¥ gks\ (4) vuko';d` o v^Hkoh ifj.kekÍ ds` f¥,\ 2. ijeknsæ (Mandamus) (5) tgk∑ jkÆV_ifr ;k jkT;ik¥ vius laoS|kfud` vf|d`kjkÍ eÍ d`k;ZjrΩ gks\ ijeknsæ d`k ækfCnd` vƒZ gS% ∏ge vknsæ nsrs gß\π ijeknsæ fjV ,d` ,slh vkKk (6) futh O;fâ` ds` fo:*\ gS] tks voj U;k;k¥;kÍ] U;k;kf|d`j.kÍ] ifj"nΩ] fuxe vƒok vU; ^æklfud` 3. mR^s". (Certiorari) ;g fjV fuEuf¥f[r eke¥kÍ eÍ mPp vf|d`kjh d`ks fof| }kjk vkjksfir fd`lh U;k;k¥; ;k mPpre U;k;k¥; }kjk tkjh foæs" d`rZO; d`ks d`jus ds` f¥, tkjh d`h d`h tkrh gS % tkrh gS] ftlls fd`lh O;fâ` d`ks vius in ls lEc* nkf;RokÍ d`ks iwjk d`jus ds` f¥, tc d`ksbZ voj ·v|huLƒ‚ U;k;k¥; ck÷; fd`;k tkrk gS\ ;k vf|d`j.% fcuk vf|d`kfjrk ds` ;k la”si eÍ ;g fjV ml le; tkjh d`h tkrh gS tc d`ksbZ inkf|d`kjh vius viuh vf|d`kfjrk ds` ckgj d`ksbZ d`k;Z lkoZtfud` d`rZO; d`k fuokZg ugÓ d`jrk\ d`jrk gS ;k bl ^d`kj ds` vknsæ }kjk inkf|d`kjh d`ks viuh vf|d`kfjrk ds` vUrxZr d`ksbZ mlds` d`rZO; ds` ik¥u d`k vknsæ fn;k voS| ;k tkrk gS\ ^kÎ`frd` U;k; ds` fl*kUrkÍ ds` fo:* jsX;w¥s¯Vx ,DV 1773 eÍ bl fjV d`k d`k;Z d`jrk gS ;k mY¥s[ fe¥rk gS\ ^kjEH eÍ bl fjV d`ks mlds` vknsæ eÍ fof| d`h d`ksbZ tkjh d`jus d`h vf|d`kfjrk lq^he d`ksVZ d`ks ^R;”r# Hw¥ gks rks ofjÆB U;k;k¥; ·mPp vius ”s( rd` gh lhfer ƒh\ loZ^ƒe ;g U;k;k¥; o loksZPp U;k;k¥;‚ mld`h ml fjV d`klhtqjg ds` eke¥s eÍ tkjh d`h xbZ d`k;Zokgh ;k vknsæ d`ks bl fjV }kjk jˆ ftls ‘vjsLV vkWu ehUl ^kslsl’ (Arrest d`j ld`rk gS\ on Mense Process) d`gk x;k\ 1861 eÍ ;g ,d` O;fâ` lEcU|h fjV gS ftls gkbZd`ksVZlΩ ,DV }kjk ;g fjV tkjh d`jus ihfÈ M r O;fâ` ds` vuqjks| ij gh tkjh fd`;k d`h vf|d`kfjrk lq^he d`ksVZ ds` v¥kok tkrk gS \ blds` rgrΩ fn, x, vknsæ d`k gkbZd`ksVZ d`ks Hh ^nku d`h xbZ\ 1877 eÍ ik¥u u d`jus ij lEcfU|r nks"h O;fâ` fofufnZÆV vuqrks" vf|fu;e }kjk U;k;k¥; U;k;k¥; ds ` voeku d`k Hkxh gksxk\ viuh ^kjfEHd` vf|d`kfjrk ds` vUrxZr Hkjr eÍ bl fjV d`h æq Ô vkr fd`lh fuxe ;k voj U;k;k¥; d`ks vko';d` funsZæ ns ld`rk ƒk ftlds `}kjk mls d`ksbZ U;kf;d` pkVZj 1774 ds` miokD; (4) ls d`k;Z d`jus ls jksd`k tk lds`\ ijUrq bl gqbZ\ ckn eÍ enzkl o cEcbZ lq^he d`ksVksÛ izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/894

d`ks Hh ∂`eæ# 1801 o 1823 eÍ bld`h æfâ` ^nku d`h xbZ\ ijUrq U;k;k¥;kÍ d`h ;g æfâ` ds`o¥ muds` ekSf¥d` ”s(kf|d`kj rd` lhfer j[h xbZ\ bl ^d`kj ^slhMsUlh uxjkÍ ds` gkbZd`ksVksÛ ds` v¥kok vU; ^kUrkÍ ds` gkbZd`ksVksÛ d`ks ;g vf|d`kj d`kœ`h le; ckn ^kIr gqvk] tSls% jaxwu gkbZd`ksVZ d`ks luΩ 1941 eÍ o b¥kgkckn gkbZd`ksVZ d`ks luΩ 1953 eÍ\ lafo|ku eÍ vuqPNsn 32 ds` rgrΩ mPpre U;k;k¥; o vuqPNsn 226 ds ` rgrΩ mPp U;k;k¥;kÍ d`ks ekSf¥d` vf|d`kjkÍ eÍ ls fd`lh ds` fuÆiknu ds` f¥, funsZæ] vknsæ ;k fjV tkjh d`jus d`h vf|d`kfjrk gS\ ijUrq vioknLoÔi vuqPNsn 359 ds` rgrΩ vkikrd`k¥ eÍ ;s ^ko|ku fu¥fEcr jgrs gß\ vuqPNsn 34 ds` rgrΩ Hh mPpre U;k;k¥; }kjk tkjh fjV fujLr d`h tk ld`rh gS\ 4. ^fr"s| (Prohibition) ;g ¥s[ ^oj U;k;k¥; ·mPp rƒk mPpre U;k;k¥;‚ }kjk voj U;k;k¥;kÍ vƒok U;k;kf|d`j.kÍ d`ks bl vkæ; ls tkjh fd`;k tkrk gS fd` os vf|d`kfjrk ds` ckgj d`k;Z u d`jÍ vƒok fof| ;k uSlfxZd` U;k; ds` fl*kUrkÍ d`k mY¥a?u u d`jÍ\ nwljs æCnkÍ eÍ ;g U;kf;d` ^Î`fr d`h fjV gS tks vij vf|d`kfjrk ok¥s U;k;k¥; }kjk voj U;k;k¥;kÍ d`ks rƒk ,sls ^æklh vf|d`kfj;kÍ d`ks] ftu ij U;kf;d`
tkjh fd`;k tk, cfYd` bld`k ^;ksx U;k;k¥;kÍ }kjk Lo;a d`h vf|d`kfjrk j”k ds` f¥, Hh fd`;k tkrk ƒk\ Hkjr eÍ ^fr"s| fjV d`k mY¥s[ luΩ 1774 ds` U;kf;d` pkVZj ds` miokD; 4 eÍ vU; fjVkÍ ds` lkƒ fe¥rk gS\ æqÔvkrh le; eÍ d`¥d`®k lq^he d`ksVZ vkWœ` twMhds`;j d`ks gh bl fjV d`ks tkjh d`jus d`k vf|d`kj ƒk rRi'pkrΩ enzkl o cEcbZ lq^he d`ksVksÛ d`ks Hh ^slhMsUlh eftLV_sVkÍ] tfLVl vkWœ` ihl d`ks viuh vf|d`kfjrk rd` lhfer j[us ds` f¥, bu fjVkÍ lEcU|h vf|d`kfjrk nh xbZ\ bUnqerh nsoh ds` eke¥s eÍ d`¥d`Âkk 476 (1938) ds` }kjk d`¥d`rk lq^he d`ksVZ vkWœ` twMhds`;j us ;g O;oLƒk nh fd` lq^he d`ksVZ d`ks U;k;kf|d`j.kÍ ds` fo:* fjV tkjh d`jus d`h vf|d`kfjrk ^kIr gS\ orZeku Hkjr ds` lafo|ku ds` vuqPNsn 32 (2) ds` rgrΩ mPpre U;k;k¥; d`ks ;g vf|d`kfjrk ^kIr gS fd` og fjV lEcU|h viuh vf|d`kfjrk d`k ^;ksx leLr Hkjr ”s( eÍ d`j ld`rk gS\ blh ^d`kj vuqPNsn 226 (1) ds` vUrxZr ^R;sd` mPp U;k;k¥; d`ks Hh vU; fjVkÍ d`h Hk∑fr ;g fjV tkjh d`jus d`h vf|d`kfjrk ^nku d`h xbZ gS\ mPp U;k;k¥; bl lEcU| eÍ fjVkÍ d`k ^;ksx ds`o¥ viuh vf|d`kfjrk rd` eÍ gh d`j ld`rs gß\ 5. vf|d`kji~PNk (Quo-Warranto) vf|d`kji~PNk d`k ækfCnd` vƒZ gS] ∏fd`l vf|d`kj }kjkπ ;k ∏fd`l vf|d`kj lsπ\ ;g fjV mPpre U;k;k¥; ;k mPp U;k;k¥; }kjk ,sls O;fâ` ds` fo:* tkjh d`h tkrh gS] tks fd`lh lkoZtfud` in d`ks voS| Ôi ls |kj. fd`, gß\ bl fjV }kjk mlls ;g iwNk tkrk gS fd` og fd`l ^kf|d`kj ls bl in d`ks |kj. fd`, gq, gS\ ;fn tk∑p eÍ ;g ik;k tk, fd` mls in |kj. d`jus d`k d`ksbZ vf|d`kj ugÓ gS] rks vf|d`kji~PNk fjV }kjk mls vinLƒ fd`;k tk ld`rk gS\ ;g fjV fd`lh futh in ds` fo:* tkjh ugÓ d`h tk ld`rh\ Hkjr eÍ bl fjV d`k bfrgkl vLiÆV jgk gS\ U;k;k|hækÍ us ds`o¥ d`kWeu ¥kW ds` vk|kj ij gh bl fjV d`k ^;ksx fd`;k gS\ bl fjV d`ks d`¥d`®k ds` lq^he d`ksVZ vkWœ` T;wMhds`;j us d`kdZ`fg¥ ,\ ,¥\ vkj\ ds` okn eÍ tkjh fd`;k\ bl lEcU| eÍ nwljk mnkgj. cuokjh ¥k¥ jk; ,\ vkbZ\ vkj\ 1947 f^\ d`kß\ 90 ds` eke¥s eÍ f^oh d`kßfl¥ }kjk bl fjV d`k tkjh fd`;k tkuk gS\ Hkjrh; lafo|ku ds` vuqPNsn 32 o 226 ds` vUrxZr ∂`eæ# mPpre o mPp izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/895

U;k;k¥;kÍ }kjk vU; fjVkÍ d`h Hk∑fr vf|d`kji~PNk d`h fjV tkjh d`h tk ld`rh gS\ rƒkfi iq:"ks®e nkl æekZ cuke jktLƒku jkT; ,\ vkbZ\ vkj\ 1979 jktLƒku 18 ds` okn eÍ jktLƒku mPp U;k;k¥; us ;g LiÆV fd`;k fd` bl fjV d`ks tkjh d`juk ;k u d`juk iw.Zr# U;k;k¥; ds` foosd` d`k ^'u gS\ vf|d`kji~PNk fjV ds` f¥, d`ksbZ Hh O;fâ` vkosnu d`j ld`rk gS] H¥s gh og O;fâ`xr Ôi ls O;fFkr u jgk gks ;k eke¥s ls fgrc* u jgk gks\

loksZPp U;k;k¥; o mPp U;k;k¥;kÍ d`h orZeku vf|d`kfjrk 1.

fjV fd`lds` fo:`* tkjh d`h tk ld`rh gS = fjV mu lHh fud`k;kÍ o U;k;f|d`j.kÍ ds ` fo:* tkjh d`h tk ld`rh gS tks O;fâ` ds` ew¥ vf|d`kjkÍ ls lEcfU|r gS rƒk ftlus vius lkafof|d` d`rZO;kÍ d`h vogs¥uk d`h gS\ ijUrq mPpre U;k;k¥; us vius gk¥ gh ds` fu.Z;kÍ eÍ d`gk gS fd` ;fn fd`lh ukxfjd` ds` ew¥ vf|d`kjkÍ d`k mY¥a?u d`ksbZ ^kbosV O;fâ` d`jrk gS] rks U;k;k¥; mlds` fo:* Hh ew¥ vf|d`kjkÍ d`ks ^ofrZr d`jk lds`xk\ bf≥M;u d`kmafl¥ œ`kWj buok;juesUV¥ ¥hx¥ ,Dæu cuke Hkjr la? (1996) 3 SCC 212 ds` eke¥s eÍ U;k;k¥; us ds`Unzh; ljd`kj o jkT; ljd`kj d`ks vknsæ fn;k fd` os ^kbosV fud`k;kÍ }kjk i;kZoj. laj”. ds` f¥, fufeZr fofHUu vf|fu;ekÍ d`k ik¥u d`jk,a\ th\ feJk cuke mÈMhlk ,lksfl,æu vkWœ` laLÎ`r ¥fuÛx ,≥M d`Ypj] ,\ vkbZ\ vkj\ 1971 mÈMhlk 212 ds` eke¥s eÍ jkT; ljd`kj ds` lad`Yi ls xfBr laLÎ`r ifj"nΩ ds` fo:* bl vk|kj ij fjV tkjh d`h xbZ fd` og ¥ksd` Î`R;kÍ d`k lEiknu d`jrk ƒk\ ;»fi og ,d` vlkafof|d` fud`k; ƒk\ 2. fjV fd`u eke¥kÍ eÍ tkjh d`h tk,xh`= fjV fd`lh Hh ,sls eke¥s eÍ tkjh d`h tk ld`rh gS ftleÍ fd`lh ekSf¥d` vf|d`kj ;k mlls v^R;” Ôi ls lEc* fd`lh vf|d`kj d`k mY¥a?u gksrk gS\ fœ`j pkgs ,sls vf|d`kj ^orZu d`h ;kfpd`k Lo;a ihfÈMr O;fâ` }kjk nh tk, vƒok vU; ek÷;e ls tSls ¥ksd`fgr ;k U;k;k¥; Lo;a Hh ,sls eke¥kÍ d`k laKku ¥s ld`rk gS\ vc rd` U;k;k¥;kÍ us fuEuf¥f[r fo";kÍ lEcU|h viuh fjV vf|d`kfjrk d`k ^;ksx fd`;k gS% 1. mipkjkRed` ;kfpd`k ·Ôik gwjk cuke væksd` gwjk ,\ vkbZ\ vkj\ 2002 SC 177‚\

2.

lkoZtfud` Lƒ¥kÍ ij |weziku d`k fu"s|\ 3. ck¥–d`Y;k. ·,e\ lh\ esgrk cuke rfe¥ukMq jkT; AIR 1991 SC 417‚\ 4. vekuoh; O;ogkj ds` fo:* laj”. ·lquh¥ c(k cuke fnY¥h ^æklu ,\ vkbZ\ vkj\ 1982 iVuk 1473‚\ 5. pquko lq|kj\ 6. fæ”. laLƒkvkÍ eÍ jS¯xx ij jksd`\ ·ds`j¥ fo'ofo»k¥; cuke d`kmafl¥] f^fli¥ vkWœ` d`kW¥stst] ds`j¥ o vU;] mPpre U;k;k¥; d`k fu.Z; 21 ebZ] 2007‚ 7. i;kZoj. laj”. [,e\ lh\ esgrk cuke Hkjr la? (1986) 2 SCC 176, ,e\ lh\ esgrk cuke Hkjr la? (1988 2 me\ fu\ i\ 229), Ôj¥ f¥fVxsæu ,≥M bUVkfV¥esUV ds`Unz] nsgjknwu cuke m®j ^nsæ jkT; (1985) 2 ,l\ lh\ lh\ 431] 8. fpfd`Rlk lgk;rk ikus d`k vf|d`kj\ ·ijekuUn d`Vkjk cuke Hkjr la? ,\ vkbZ\ vkj\ 1985 ,l\ lh\ 2039‚ 9. efg¥kvkÍ d`ks ;kSu mRihÈMu gsrq ^frd`j ·foæk[k cuke jktLƒku jkT; ,\ vkbZ\ vkj\ 1997 ,l\ lh\ 3011‚ 10. os';kvkÍ ds` cPpkÍ ds` f¥, iquokZl gsrq ljd`kj d`ks funsZæ ·xkSjo tSu cuke Hkjr la? ,\ vkbZ\ vkj\ 1997 ,l\ lh\ 3021\‚ 3. fjV ds` f¥, d`kSu vkosnu d`j ld`rk gS`= lkekU; fu;e ;g gS fd` fjV mipkj ds` f¥, ogh O;fâ` vkosnu d`j ld`rk gS\ ftlds` fof|d` vf|d`kjkÍ d`k jkT; ;k fd`lh O;fâ` }kjk vfr∂`e. fd`;k tkrk gS] fd`Urq vc bl fopkj|kjk eÍ d`kœ`h ifjorZu gqvk gS vkSj vius gk¥ ds` fu.Z;kÍ eÍ mPpre U;k;k¥; us fu.hZr fd`;k gS fd` lekt d`k d`ksbZ Hh O;fâ` ;k la? fd`lh ,sls O;fâ` ;k oxZ ds` fof|d` vf|d`kjkÍ ds` vfr∂`e. ds` fo:* mipkj ds` f¥, vkosnu d`j ld`rk gS tks viuh fu|Zurk ;k vU; fd`lh vleƒZrk ds` d`kj. U;k;k¥; eÍ tkus eÍ vleƒZ gS\ cærsZ fd` mld`k mleÍ i;kZIr ‘fgr’ gks vf[¥ Hkjrh; js¥os æksf"r d`eZpkjh la? cuke Hkjr la? ,\ vkbZ\ vkj\ 1981 ,l\ lh\ 298 ds` eke¥s eÍ U;k;k¥; us d`gk fd` d`ksbZ laLƒk ;k ¥ksd`fgr ls ^sfjr d`ksbZ ukxfjd` fd`lh ,sls O;fâ` ds` laoS|kfud` ;k fof|d` vf|d`kjkÍ ds` ^orZu ds` f¥, fjV œ`kb¥ d`j ld`rk gS] tks fu|Zurk vƒok vU; fd`lh d`kj. ls U;k;k¥; eÍ fjV œ`kb¥ d`jus eÍ l”e ugÓ gS\

mPpre U;k;k¥; rƒk mPp U;k;k¥; d`h fjV vf|d`kfjrk eÍ vUrj vUrj d`k vk|kj 1.

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3.

4.

5.

mPpre U;k;k¥;

mPp U;k;k¥;

mPpre U;k;k¥; d`h fjV ☛ tcfd` mPp U;k;k¥; d`h fjV vf|d`kfjrk lEiw.Z Hkjr eÍ vf|d`kfjrk vius jkT; d`h rƒk Hkjr d`h lhekvkÍ ls Lƒkuh; lhekvkÍ ds` Hhrj rd` ckgjh ds`Unzh; ljd`kj }kjk lhfer gS\ Lƒkfir ljd`kjh d`k;kZ¥;kÍ rd` œS`¥h gqbZ gS\ ^;kstu ☛ mPpre U;k;k¥; ds`o¥ ukx- ☛ tcfd` mPp U;k;k¥; ew ¥ fjd`kÍ ds` ew¥ vf|d`kjkÍ ds` vf|d`kjkÍ ds`` ^orZu ds` f¥, mY¥a?u gksus ij gh d`ksbZ fjV rƒk vU; fd`lh ^;kstu ds` f¥, tkjh d`j ld`rk gS\ o fof|d` vf|d`kj ds` guu gksus ij Hh fjV tkjh d`j ld`rk gS\ foosd`kf|d`kj ☛ ;kph d`ks mi¥C| ‘vU; mipkj’ ☛ tcfd` mPp U;k;k¥; d`ks ;g mPpre U;k;k¥; d`h fjV foosd`kf|d`kj gS fd` og ‘vU; tkjh d`jus d`h æfâ` ij mipkj’ mi¥C| gksus ij fjV lkekU;r;k d`ksbZ jksd` ugÓ tkjh d`js ;k u d`js\ ¥xkrs\ lzksr ☛ mPpre U;k;k¥; d`ks ^n® fjV ☛ tcfd` mPp U;k;k¥;kÍ d`ks ^n® vf|d`kfjrk d`k lzksr vuqPNsn fjV vf|d`kfjrk d`k lzksr 32 gS] tksfd` Lo;a ,d` ew¥ vuqPNsn 226 gS] tksfd` Lo;a vf|d`kj gS\ ,d` ew¥ vf|d`kj ugÓ gS\ fjV vf|d`kfjrk ☛ vuqPNsn 32 eÍ ds`o¥ laln eÍ ☛ tcfd` vuqPNsn 226 eÍ laækseÍ laæks|u mifLƒr o er ns u s ok¥s |u d`jus ds` f¥, laln eÍ lnL;kÍ ds` nks–frgkbZ cgqer ls mifLƒr o er nsus ok¥s nks– laæks|u fd`;k tk ld`rk gS\ frgkbZ lnL;kÍ ds` cgqer ds` lkƒ–lkƒ 50 ^frær ls vf|d` jkT;kÍ ds` fo|ku e≥M¥kÍ o fo|ku lHkvkÍ d`k leƒZu ^kIr gksuk pkfg,\ vf|d`kfjrk

☛

fuÆd`"Z la f o|ku eÍ U;k;k¥; d`ks fjV vf|d`kfjrk ^nku d`h xbZ gS\ blds` vfrfjâ` vkt fo|kf;d`k o d`k;Zikf¥d`k jktuhfrd` o vU; d`kj.kÍ ls ukxfjd` leL;kvkÍ d`k fuiVkjk d`jus eÍ Lo;a d`ks vl”e o vlgk; eglwl d`j jgh gß\ ,sls eÍ fjVkÍ }kjk ukxfjd`kÍ d`ks tufgr ;kfpd`k ds` Ôi eÍ ,d` læâ` lk|u fe¥ x;k gS\ fjVkÍ }kjk gh U;k;k¥; us nsæ ds` cÈMs inkÍ ij vklhu ¥ksxkÍ ds` HzÆVkpkj d`k inkZœ`kæ Hh fd`;k gS\ ,sls eÍ U;k;ikf¥d`k d`ks LorU( o fuÆi” cuk, j[us d`k ge lHh d`k nkf;Ro gS\ blh eÍ ¥ksd`rU( d`h lœ`¥rk fufgr gS\ U;k;k¥; d`h fjV vf|d`kfjrk ds` fofHUu ^d`kj ls nq:i;ksx d`h Hh fæd`kj gqbZ gS\ fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ U;k;k¥; ls fjVkÍ ds nq:i;ksx lEcU|h fl*kUr Hh ^frikfnr fd`, gß] ¥sfd`u ek( ;s fl*kUr gh i;kZIr ugÓ gß tc rd` fd` fo|kf;d`k bl lEcU| eÍ d`ksbZ fof| ;k ekxZjs[k ugÓ cukrh\ U;k;k¥; }kjk Lo^sj.k ls laKku ¥sus d`ks Hh fjV vf|d`kfjrk eÍ ekuus d`ks U;kf;d` lf∂`;rk’ d`k uke fn;k x;k] ijUrq fo|kf;d`k us gesæk bls ‘U;kf;d` izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/896

vfrlf∂`;rk’ d`gd`j U;k;ikf¥d`k d`ks viuh lhek eÍ jgus d`ks d`gk\ fjV vf|d`kfjrk ds` ^;ksx eÍ bl ^d`kj ds` foijhr ekgkS¥ o fo|kf;d`k o d`k;Zikf¥d`k ds` vlg;ksxkRed` joS, ds` gksrs gq, Hh U;k;ikf¥d`k d`k d`k;Z ljkguh; jgk gS\ fjVkÍ }kjk U;k;k¥; us ew ¥ vf|d`kjkÍ eÍ vUrfuZfgr fofHUu u, vf|d`kjkÍ d`k lekosæ fd`;k gS\ bl ^d`kj U;k;ikf¥d`k fjVkÍ }kjk gesæk ew¥ vf|d`kjkÍ d`h j”k d`j ikus eÍ iw.Zr# lœ`¥ jgh gS rƒk U;k;ikf¥d`k d`h bl æfâ` eÍ ukxfjd`kÍ d`k fo'okl fd`lh ^d`kj d`e ugÓ gqvk gS\ ●●● æs" i~ÆB 878 d`k og ^R;” fonsæh fuosæ (Foreign Direct Investment–FDI) ds` fu;ekÍ ds` vUrxZr ,d`¥ czk≥M fjVs¥ m»e eÍ 51 ^frær rd` fuosæ d`j ld`rh gS\ blh ^ko|ku d`ks n~fÆVxr j[rs gq, okW¥ekVZ us Mh\,¥\,œ`\ f¥feVsM d`ks ≠Í`pkbth ^nku d`h gS ftlds` vUrxZr fjVs¥ vkmV¥sVΩl d`k LokfeRo Mh\,¥\,œ`\ d`k gksxk] tcfd` okW¥ekVZ forj. vkSj ¥kWftfLVDl d`k d`k;Z d`j jgk gS\ nsæ d`h Hkjrh d`Eiuh ds` lkƒ fe¥d`j okW¥ekVZ 50,000 d`jksÈM :\ ds` fuosæ ds`

lkƒ Hkjrh; [qnjk cktkj eÍ ^osæ d`jus d`h rS;kjh d`j jgk gS\ ≠Í`pkbth ds` tfj, nsæ ds` 35 ægjkÍ eÍ okW¥ekVZ vius ækW¯ix ekWYl Lƒkfir d`juk pkgrh gS] ftueÍ ls cax¥kSj] d`ks¥d`krk vkfn ægjkÍ eÍ rks ekWYl d`k lapk¥u æqÔ Hh gks x;k gS\ gk¥ gh eÍ iÍVk¥wu ds` fjVs¥ ·bf≥M;k‚ f¥\ ds` }kjk fjVs¥ LVkslZ d`h Δk~a[¥k ds` foLrkj ij vkxkeh ,d` lk¥ eÍ 4000 d`jksÈM :i, ds` fuosæ d`h ?ks".k d`h xbZ gS\ ;g fuosæ d`Eiuh ds` o"Z 2010–11 rd` 30 gtkj d`jksÈM :\ ds` d`kjksckjh ¥{; d`ks ns[rs gq, fd`;k tk jgk gS\ vkt iÍVk¥wu ds` fjVs¥ ds` pk¥hl ægjkÍ eÍ 350 LVkslZ gß] ftueÍ ls 30 œS`DVjh œ`ksjesV eÍ gß\ d`Eiuh o"Z 2010–11 rd` nsæ ds` 90 ægjkÍ eÍ 3500 LVkslZ [ks¥us d`h ;kstuk cuk jgh gS\ gkbijekdsZ`V] lqijekdsZ`V] esxk–ekW¥ tSls vk|qfud` ækW¯ix lÍVlZ d`k Hjiwj œ`k;nk mBkus ds` f¥, nsæ d`h rhljh lcls cÈMh lkcqu d`Eiuh ·^ƒe fgUnqLrku ¥hoj vkSj f}rh;%xksnjst‚ fo^ks da`T;wej ds`;j (Wipro Consumer Care–W.C.C.) us Hh O;kid` O;wg–jpuk rS;kj d`j j[h gS\ bl fjVs¥ j.uhfr ds` vUrxZr MCY;w\ lh\ lh\ tgk∑ ,d` vksj fj¥k;al fjVs¥ vkSj Œ;wpj xzqi tSls fjVs¥ I¥s;lZ ds` lkƒ foi.u vuqcU| d`j jgh gS] ogÓ nwljh vksj i~ƒdΩ` lsYl œ`kslZ ij Hh ÷;ku ds`fUnzr d`j jgh gS\ Œ¥Sxfæi czk≥M ‘larwj lkcqu’ ls ¥ksd`f^;rk gkfl¥ d`jus ok¥h ;g d`Eiuh ‘fo¥; vkSj vf|xzg.’ ·,e ,≥M ,‚ ds` ekxZ ij Hh p¥ jgh gS\ nsæ ds` vkS»ksfxd` fod`kl eÍ mnh;eku ;ksxnku ^nku d`jus ok¥s vkfnR; fcÈM¥k lewg us Hh ‘eksj’ uked` Œ¥Sxfæi czk≥M ds` lkƒ fjVs¥ ”s( eÍ fof|orΩ rjhds` ls mrjus d`h ;kstuk d`ks gk¥ gh eÍ vfUre Ôi fn;k gS\ vkxkeh rhu o"ksÛ eÍ 900 d`jksÈM :i, fuosæ ls nsæHj eÍ ,d` gtkj lqij cktkj Lƒkfir d`jus d`k bjknk j[us ok¥s fcÈM¥k lewg us tuojh] 2007 eÍ nf”. Hkjr d`h fjVs¥ fnXxt ‘f(us( d`Eiuh’ d`k vf|xzg. Hh fd`;k gS\ ●●●

A Book for All Candidates UPKAR

EVER LATEST GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (Including Objective Type Questions)

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UPKAR PRAKASHAN Swadeshi Bima Nagar, AGRA–2

nkæZfud`` ¥s[

uSfrd`rk ,oa lkekftd` U;k; d`h vo|kj.kvkÍ d`k fo'¥s". ,oa bud`k vUrlZEcU| 

(A) uSfrd`rk d`h vo|kj.k (Concept of Morality) ∏uSfrd`rkπ (Morality) ,d` ,slk in ;k vo|kj.k gS ftld`k cgqrk;r ls ^;ksx fd`;k tkrk gS] ¥sfd`u foMEcuk ;g gS fd` cgqr lkjs O;fâ`;kÍ d`ks Hh ‘uSfrd`rk’ d`h vo|kj.k d`k LiÆVhd`j. ^k;# ugÓ gS\ ‘uSfrd`rk’ oLrqr# ‘uhfr’ in ls cuk gS blf¥, blls lEcfU|r v÷;;u d`ks Hh fo"; ds` Ôi eÍ ‘uhfrækL(’ d`gk tkrk gS vaxzsth Hk"k eÍ Hh blds` i;kZ; ds` Ôi eÍ ETHICS ,oa MORALITY æCn d`ke eÍ f¥, tkrs gß\ ‘ETHICS’ xzhd` æCn ‘Ethica’ ls O;qRiUu gqvk gS] ftld`k vƒZ gksrk gS jhfr] ^p¥u ;k vknr\ blh ^d`kj ‘Morality’ æCn d`h mRif® ‘Mores’ ls gqbZ gS\ ‘Mores’ d`k Hh vƒZ ^p¥u ;k jhfr ;k vknr ls gS\ vr# Ethics vkSj Morality, tksfd` uSfrd`rk ds ` i;kZ; gß oLrqr# ¥sfVu inkÍ ∂`eæ# Ethos o Mores ls O;qRiUu gq, gß\ ¥sfVu Hk"k eÍ bud`k vƒZ Hh ijEijk ;k uhfr ls gh gksrk gS\ vr# vc ^'u ;g mRiUu gksrk gS fd`% ‘uSfrd`rk’ d`k lEcU| ‘uhfr’ ls ;k uhfr d`k lEcU| uSfrd`rk ls dS`ls tqÈM x;k= ‘uhfr’ d`k vƒZ ;fn eksVs Ôi eÍ le rel="nofollow">k tk, rks d`gk tk ld`rk gS fd` tks ∏p¥u eÍ gksrk vk jgk gS og uhfr gSπ p¥u d`k vƒZ gS%,d` ihÈ < h ls nwljh ihÈ < h d`ks gLrkUrfjr gksrs jgus ok¥k vkpj.\ vc ;gÓ ij ;g ^'u le>us ¥k;d` gS fd` ,slk p¥u ;k gLrkarj. D;kÍ d`j lEHo gks ikrk gS= bld`k fo'¥s". d`jus ij irk p¥rk gS fd`%fd`lh Hh lekt ;k leqnk; eÍ vkjEH eÍ d`ksbZ O;fâ` vius foosd` ls ;g fu.Z; d`jrk gS fd` ;g fofæÆV d`eZ esjs f¥, ,oa leqnk; ds` f¥, ‘d`Y;k.d`kjh’ (Welfare) ;k ‘æqH’ (Good) gS blf¥, mld`h og iqujko~fr (Repetition) d`jrk jgrk gS\ bls ‘O;fâ`xr–vknr’ (Individual Habit) d`grs gß\ fœ`j ml leqnk; eÍ vU; O;fâ`;kÍ ds` f¥, Hh d`Y;k.d`kjh gksus ds` d`kj. vU; O;fâ` Hh ml d`eZ d`k vuqlj. d`jrs gß vkSj og ‘lkewfgd`% vknr’ (Collectively Habit) cu tkrk gS vkSj fœ`j ml `leqnk; eÍ og d`eZ ;k ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/897

MkW\ vkSrkj ¥k¥ eh.k

vkpj. vius vkus ok¥h ihfÈ<;kÍ d`ks Hh gLrkarfjr d`j fn;k tkrk gS rƒk vkus ok¥h ihÈ
væqH d`k ifjR;kx d`jrk gS\ blf¥, uSfrd` d`®kZ d`k d`eZ ftls vkjpj. d`gk x;k gS p;u Ôih ;k Lora( gksuk vko';d` gS vkSj ;gÓ ij uSfrd`rk ds` lUnHZ eÍ Lora(rk d`h vo|kj.k tqÈM tkrh gS] D;kÍfd` Lora(rk ds` fcuk m®jnkf;Ro ;k ftls ;gk∑ ij uSfrd` m®jnkf;Ro d`gk tk,xk] d`ks tksÈMuk fujƒZd` gS\ vc ,d` cÈMk ^'u ;g mRiUu gks tkrk gS fd` Lora(rk fd`ld`h= (Freedom of What) foLrkj ls fo'¥s". d`jus ds` mijkUr uhfrækL( eÍ bld`k m®j fn;k tkrk gS fd` ;g Lora(rk lad`Yi d`h Lora(rk gS (Freedom of Will) ¥sfd`u ;gk∑ ij esjs fopkj ls cgqr lko|kuh j[uh pkfg,] D;kÍfd` vPNs–vPNs uhfrækL(h Hh lad`Yi d`h LorU(rk (Freedom of Will) d`h vo|kj.k d`ks ¥sd`j Hzfer jgrs gß vkSj d`bZ ckj rks Lora( lad`Yi (Free Will) d`h ckr Hh iÈ
4.

d`eksÛ d`k okLrfod`hd`j. (Actualization of the Act)

mi;qZâ` fo'¥s". ls LiÆV gks tkrk gS fd` lad`Yi ls fuxfer d`eZ ftls vc rd`uhd`h Ôi eÍ vkjp. d`gk tkrk gS ij d`®kZ d`k fu;a(. gksrk gS] D;kÍfd` og mlds` }kjk d`h xbZ ckSf*d`j. d`h ^f∂`;k }kjk tU; gS blf¥, lad`Yi bPNk ;k vfH¥k"k d`h rjg vfu;af(r ugÓ gksrk] euqÆ; d`k d`eZ bPNk ds` }kjk Hh fuxfer gks ld`rk gS] vfH¥k"k ds` }kjk Hh fu;af(r gks ld`rk gS vkSj lad`Yi ds` }kjk rks fuxfer gksrk gh gS] ¥sfd`u ;gk∑ le>us d`h ckr ;g gS fd` tgk∑ bPNk vkSj vfH¥k"k ls fuxfer d`eZ ds` f¥, d`®kZ oLrqr# uSfrd` Ôi ls m®jnk;h ugÓ Bgjk;k tkrk] D;kÍfd` bu d`eksÛ ds` ew¥ eÍ Lora(rk fufgr ugÓ gS blhf¥, bUgÍ d`eZ d`gÍxs vkpj. ugÓ] tcfd` nwljh vkSj lad`Yi }kjk fuxfer d`eZ LoÔir# Lora( gksus ds` d`kj. gh uSfrd` m®jnkf;Ro ;k uSfrd` ewY;kad`u d`k fo"; curs gß blhf¥, lad`Yi tU; d`eZ d`ks gh vkpj. d`jrs gß\ bl fo'¥s". ls ;g Hh LiÆV gks tkrk gS fd` lad`Yi LoÔir# Lora( gksrk gS blf¥, LorU( lad`Yi (Free Will) ,d` iqu:fâ` (Tautology) gksus ds` d`kj. fujƒZd` gS blf¥, ;gk∑ ij ;g Hh ^'u mRiUu gks tkrk gS fd` uSfrd` m®jnkf;Rork ds` f¥, tks Lora(rk pkfg, og Lora(rk lad`Yi d`h Lora(rk gS] ¥sfd`u mld`k vƒZ lad`Yi Lokrafl; ;k LorU( lad`Yi (Free Will) ugÓ gS ] D;kÍfd` oLrqr# ijra( lad`Yi (Enfree Will) gksrk gh ugÓ gS] vxj ,slk gS rks fœ`j lad`Yi d`h Lora(rk d`k D;k vƒZ gqvk ;gk∑ ij bruk gh d`g ld`rk gw∑ fd` oLrqr# lad`Yi d`jus ;k u d`jus d`h ”erk gh lad`Yi d`h Lora(rk gS vkSj pw∑fd` ;g ”erk lEiw.Z l~fÆV eÍ ds`o¥ vkSj ds`o¥ lkekU; o;Ld` euqÆ; eÍ gh ekuh tkrh gS] D;kÍfd` ,slk euqÆ; gh pkgs rks lad`Yi d`js vkSj pkgs rks lad`Yi u d`js\ ;gh mld`h lad`Yi d`jus d`h Lora(rk gS vkSj blhf¥, lkekU; o;Ld` euqÆ; gh lEiw.Z l~fÆV eÍ uSfrd` d`®kZ (Moral Agent) gksrk gS\ ogh vius vkpj. ds ` f¥, rd`uhd`h Ôi ls ,oa uSfrd` Ôi ls m®jnk;h Bgjk;k tk ld`rk gS\ mlds` vfrfjâ` vU; fd`lh d`®kZ d`ks mlds` d`eZ ds` f¥, uSfrd` Ôi ls m®jnk;h Bgjkuk rd`uhd`h Ôi ls leqfpr ugÓ gS\ mi;qZâ` fo'¥s". ds` mijkUr vc ;g LiÆV gks tkrk gS fd` ∏lkekU; o;Ld` euqÆ; d`h og lad`Yi tU;rk (Willness) ftlds` vUrxZr og ekU; uSfrd` vknæksÛ ds` vuqÔi p;u d`jds` æqHkæqH vkpj. d`jrk gS] uSfrd`rk d`g¥krh gSπ vƒok ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/898

uSfrd`rk lkekU; o;Ld` lkekftd` euqÆ; d`h og lad`Yi tU;rk (Willness) gS ftlds` vUrxZr og lad`Yi d`jus d`h ”erk ;k d`gÍ lad`Yi d`jus d`h Lora(rk ds` vk|kj ij p;u d`jds` vkpj. d`jrk gS ftu ij ekU; uSfrd` ekin≥MkÍ ds` vuqÔi uSfrd` n~fÆV ls æqHkæqH d`k fu.Z; gksrk gS vkSj bl ^d`kj uSfrd` m®jnkf;Ro d`k fu|kZj. gksrk gS\ rnΩuqÔi ^æalk vkSj ¯unk d`h tkrh gS\ uSfrd` lanHZ eÍ fof|d` (Law) m®jnkf;Ro d`h Hk∑fr d`ksbZ n≥M ugÓ gksrk ojuΩ uSfrd` m®jnkf;Ro fu|kZj. d`k vƒZ æqHkpj. ds` f¥, ^æalk vkSj væqH vkpj. ds` f¥, fuUnk d`juk gksrk gS\ ;g ^æalk vkSj ¯unk ,d` n~fÆV ls lekt eÍ n≥M ls Hh vf|d` ^Hkoæk¥h gksrh gS\ (B) lkekftd` U;k; d`h vo|kj.k (Concept of Social Justice) lkekftd` U;k; d`h vo|kj.k eÍ nks vo|kj.k,a gß%lkekftd` vkSj U;k;\ lkekftd` d`k lEcU| lekt ls gS] ¥sfd`u ds`o¥ O;fâ` lewg ;k HhÈM ek( lekt ugÓ gS\ O;fâ`;kÍ ds` e÷; ijLij vUr# lEcU| (Interaction) ds` œ`¥LoÔi tks ,d` lEcU| ew¥d` vewrZ lajpuk cu tkrh gS oLrqr# og vewrZ lajpuk gh lekt d`g¥krh gS ,oa O;fâ` d`k lekt eÍ gksuk mld`k lkekftd` gksuk d`gk tk ld`rk gS ;gk∑ LiÆV gS fd` O;fâ` d`ks lkekftd` ^k.h ekuk x;k gS] vxj ,slk ugÓ gS rks og O;fâ` ugÓ ojuΩ ;k rks iæq gS ;k nsork gS\ lekt ls ijs O;fâ` d`k d`ksbZ vƒZ ugÓ gS O;fâ`xr Ôi ls Hh O;fâ` fd`lh leqnk; d`k bd`kbZ lnL; ds` Ôi eÍ gh viuh igpku j[rk gS\ blf¥, lkekftd` vkSj vlkekftd` voLƒk,a rks gksrh gß] ¥sfd`u lektks®j (A–Social) voLƒk fujƒZd` gS\ ;fn O;fâ` d`ks LokHkfod` Ôi ls lkekftd` ^k.h eku f¥;k x;k gS rks fd`lh Hh O;fâ` d`k lkekthd`j. (Socialization) ds` ek÷;e ls fd`lh lkekftd` ;k lkeqnkf;d` laxBu eÍ vUrjHwr gks tkuk mld`k lkekftd` gksuk d`g¥krk gS\ O;kid` Ôi eÍ d`gk tk, rks lekt ls lEcfU|r lHh lUnHZ% lkekftd` lanHZ gß ,oa lkekftd` lanHZ ds` lanHZ eÍ gksus ok¥s lHh vU;k; lkekftd` vU;k; gß vkSj fd`lh Hh Ôi eÍ bld`k fuokj. d`juk lkekftd` U;k; gS\ U;k; ds` Hh fofHUu Hsn gksrs gß ftueÍ ^eq[ gß% ☛ ^kÎ`frd` U;k; (Natural Justice) ☛ uSfrd` U;k; (Moral Justice)

☛ ☛ ☛

fof|d` U;k; (Legal Justice) O;fâ`xr U;k; (Individual Justice) lkewfgd` U;k; (Collective Justice) blh lUnHZ eÍ vjLrw us U;k; ds` tks nks Hsn fd`, gß os Hh egRoiw.Z gß] os gß% forj.kRed` (Distributory) vkSj ^frd`kjkRed` (Retributory) vjLrw ds` vuqlkj O;fâ` lekt d`k lnL; rks gks ld`rk gS] ¥sfd`u ukxfjd` og rHh d`g¥k,xk] tcfd` og jkT; d`h jktuhfr eÍ lf∂`; Ôi ls ;ksxnku d`jrk gS vkSj blh lUnHZ eÍ vjLrw d`grs gß fd` fd`lh Hh jkT; ;k lekt eÍ fd`lh O;fâ` d`k tks lf∂`; ;ksxnku gksrk gS mlds` lekuqikr eÍ lekt d`h lEif® d`k mfpr forj.] forj.kRed` U;k; d`g¥krk gS vkSj bld`k fu"s| forjk.kRed` vU;k; d`g¥krk gS bls gh forj.kRed` lkekftd` vU;k; d`grs gß] ¥sfd`u ;g ,d` vknæZ (Ideal) fLƒfr gS O;ogkj eÍ ;g d`gÓ ij Hh ¥kxw ugÓ gS] D;kÍfd` O;fâ` lnL; ds` ;ksxnku d`k Bhd`– Bhd` vkd`¥u lEHo ugÓ gS] bld`k d`ksbZ iSekuk ugÓ gS\ vjLrw ds` vuqlkj jkT; ds` d`kj.kÍ d`k rnΩuqÔi mfpr ik¥u ^frd`kjkRed` (Retributory) U;k; gS vkSj bld`k fu"s| ^frd`kjkRed` vU;k; gS ftlds` ^frd`kj ds` Ôi eÍ jkT; n≥M d`k ^ko|ku d`jrk gS\ ,slk U;k; Hh lkekftd` U;k; d`h ifjf| eÍ gh vkrk gS\ ,d` d`Y;k.d`kjh jkT; ogh gS ftleÍ forj.kRed` o ^frd`kjkRed` nksukÍ ^d`kj ds` lkekftd` U;k; lafufgr gks\ bl lUnHZ eÍ vjLrw d`k Lof.Ze e÷; (Golden Mean) d`k fl*kUr Hh egRoiw.Z gS\ oLrqr# fd`lh d`ks tks ns; (Due) gS mls nsuk U;k; gS vkSj ns; d`ks vns; d`juk vU;k; gS\ vc ^'u mRiUu gksrk gS fd` ns; D;k gS= tks vf|d`kj gS og ns; (Due) gS ;gÓ ij vjLrw d`grs gß fd` vf|d`kj ls vf|d` d`h ^kfIr Hh vU;k; gS vkSj nwljh vksj vf|d`kj d`ks vkafæd` ;k iw.Z Ôi ls vns; d`j nsuk Hh vU;k; gS pw∑fd` vf|d`kj o d`®ZO; lkekftd` lanHZ eÍ gh gksrs gß blf¥, ;g lkekftd` vU;k; gS\ vjLrw ds` vuqlkj bu nksukÍ ns; vkSj vns; ds` e÷; eÍ vkuqikfrd` ns; Lof.Ze e÷; gS vkSj ogh lkekftd` U;k; gS\ MsfoM Ìwe ds` vuqlkj lekt eÍ vf|d`kjkÍ o d`®ZO; nksukÍ d`h leqfpr iwfrZ U;k; gS\ bueÍ ls fd`lh ,d` d`h Hh vkafæd` ;k iw.Z vkiwfrZ–lkekftd` vU;k; gS\ fd`lh Hh ^d`kj d`k i”ikr] fd`lh Hh Ôi eÍ fd`;k x;k HsnHko] NqvkNwr] ˜∑p– uhp] tkfrokn] oxZokn] lE^nk;okn vkfn

ds` Ôi eÍ gksus ok¥k i”ikr lkekftd` lUnHZ eÍ gh gksrk gS blf¥, ;s lHh lkekftd` vU;k; ds` Ôi gß\ æks". Hh lkekftd` vU;k; d`k gh ,d` lk|u gS bu lc d`k ^frd`kj d`jrs gq, lekt eÍ fuÆi”rk oLrqr# lkekftd` U;k; gS\ lekt eÍ iwoZ eÍ gq, lkekftd` vU;k; pkgÍ og neu ds` Ôi eÍ gks] æks". ds` Ôi eÍ gks] i”ikr ds` Ôi eÍ gks] d`h vuqiwfrZ fœ`j og pkgs lkekftd` mid`j.kÍ ds` }kjk gks] jktuSfrd` ;k lafo|kfud` mid`j.kÍ ds` }kjk gks] lkekftd` U;k; d`g¥k,xk\ ;gk∑ ij ,d` egRoiw.Z ckr d`h vksj ÷;ku nsuk vko';d` gS fd` ;g vuqiwfrZ lkekftd` U;k; d`k ds`o¥ fu"s|kRed` i” gh d`g¥k ld`rh gS\ bld`k vƒZ gqvk fd` lkekftd` U;k; ds` fu"s|kRed` vkSj fo|k;d` nksukÍ i” gksrs gß ftl ^d`kj ls fd` v¯glk ds` nksukÍ i” gksrs gß\ iwoZ eÍ gqbZ vU;k; iw.Z ”fr ds` ds`o¥ vuqiwfrZ ·eqvkotk‚ lkekftd` U;k; rks gS] ¥sfd`u ;g ds`o¥ mld`k fu"s|kRed` Ôi gS\ blds` vfrfjâ` lkekftd` U;k; d`k fo|k;d` Ôi Hh gksrk gS ,oa gksuk pkfg, tgk∑ fd` bl vuqiwfrZ ds` vfrfjâ`%ihfÈMr ;k ^Hkfor ds` f¥, ifjiwfrZ Hh d`h tk,] ogÓ lkekftd` U;k; d`k fo|k;d` i” d`g¥k,xk\ ;gÓ ij lkekftd` U;k; ds` nks ^kÔikÍ d`ks Hh le> ¥suk vko';d` gS% (1) fl*kUr eÍ lkekftd` U;k; (Social

lkekftd` U;k; ds` lUnHZ eÍ fuEu pkj fLƒfr;kÍ ij ÷;ku nsuk pkfg,% 1. O;fâ` d`k O;fâ` ds` ^fr vU;k; 2. O;fâ` d`k leqnk; ds` ^fr vU;k; 3. leqnk; d`k O;fâ` ds` ^fr vU;k; 4. leqnk; d`k leqnk; ds` ^fr vU;k; mi;qZâ` fLƒfr;kÍ eÍ ls B, C, D fufoZokn Ôi ls vkSj LiÆVr# lkekftd` vU;k; d`h fLƒfr;k∑ gß% fLƒfr A d`ks ¥sd`j erHsn gks ld`rk gS%iRuh d`k ifr ds` ^fr fd`, x, vR;kpkj d`ks d`ksbZ O;fâ`xr vU;k; ;k æks". ds` Ôi eÍ ¥s ld`rk gS] ¥sfd`u esjk er ;g gS fd` furkUr O;fâ`xr dq`N gksrk gh ugÓ gS] D;kÍfd` tks Hh O;fâ` gß os fd`lh lekt ;k leqnk; ds` lnL; ds` Ôi eÍ gh O;fâ` gS vU;ƒk mls O;fâ` d`guk gh lkƒZd` ugÓ gS\ blf¥, lekt ds` O;fâ` lnL; d`k lekt ds` nwljs O;fâ` lnL; ds` ^fr vU;k; Hh B, C, D fLƒfr;kÍ d`h Hk∑fr gh lkekftd` vU;k; gh gksxk\ vr# O;fâ` ;k leqnk; }kjk fd`lh lekt eÍ O;fâ` ;k leqnk; ds` ^fr fd`;k x;k fd`lh Hh ^d`kj d`k vU;k;] lkekftd` vU;k; gh gS vkSj bld`k fd`lh Hh Ôi eÍ fu"s|kRed` vkSj fo|s;kRed` rjhds` ls d`h xbZ vuqiwfrZ vkSj ifjiwfrZ tksfd` ds`o¥ lS*kfUrd` ugÓ gS ojuΩ O;kogkfjd` o okLrfod` gS] lkekftd` U;k; d`g¥k,xk\

(C) uSfrd`rk ,oa lkekftd` U;k; eÍ vUrlZEcU| (Interrelation (2) O;ogkj eÍ lkekftd` U;k; (Social in Morality and Social Justice in Practice) Justice) foMEcuk ;g gS fd` lkekftd` U;k; ds` vf|d`kaæ mik; lS*kfUrd` Lrj rd` gh lkekftd` U;k; ds` lUnHZ eÍ leqnk; lhfer gksd`j jg tkrs gß\ O;ogkj eÍ mud`h ls gksrk gqvk bd`kbZ lnSo O;fâ` gh gksxk vuqik¥uk tc rd` u gks U;k; d`k ;g ,oa O;fâ` d`k lEcU| uSfrd`rk ls gksrk gS ^;kl lkƒZd` ugÓ d`gk tk ld`rk\ esjh ;k d`gÍ fd` uSfrd`rk d`k lEcU| O;fâ` ls n~fÆV eÍ bl vksj O;fâ`] lekt ,oa jkT; gksrk gS] D;kÍfd` uSfrd` d`eZ ftls vkpj. lHh d`ks ÷;ku nsuk vfrvko';d` gS] ;g d`grs gß og lad`Yi tU;rk ls fuxfer ,d` To¥Ur leL;k gS\ gks r k gS vkS j la d `Yi tU;rk tho|kjh lekt eÍ fd`lh d`kj.oæ tks tgk∑ O;fâ` eÍ gh gksrh gß« leqnk; eÍ ;g lad`Yi gksuk pkfg, og ogk∑ ugÓ gS vkSj tks tgk∑ tU;rk lEHo gS ;k ugÓ vkSj gS rks fd`l ugÓ gksuk pkfg, og ogk∑ gS\ ;g lkekftd` ^d`kj ;g æks| d`k fo"; gS] ¥sfd`u ;gk∑ vU;k; gß\ bls cn¥us d`h vko';d`rk gS\ rnΩuqÔi tks tgk∑ gksuk pkfg, og ogk∑ gS ij bruk LiÆV gks pqd`k gS fd` tc lekt vkSj tks tgk∑ ugÓ gksuk pkfg, og ogk∑ ugÓ ;k leqnk; eÍ mld`k O;fâ` lnL; uSfrd` gS ;fn ,slk gks tk, rks lkekftd` U;k; gksrk gS] mleÍ uSfrd` lnΩxq.kÍ d`k vkf|D; mlds` pfj( eÍ gksrk gS] tksfd` mls Lor# lekt eÍ fufgr gks tk,xk\ tks ftld`ks fe¥uk pkfg, og mls lnΩpfj( cukrk gS vƒkZrΩ O;fâ` lnL; eÍ fe¥s vkSj tks ugÓ fe¥uk pkfg, og ugÓ fe¥s ‘uSfrd`rk’ fo»eku jgrh gS rks lEcfU|r ;fn ,slk u gks vƒkZrΩ tks ugÓ fe¥uk pkfg, leqnk; eÍ Hh uSfrd`rk cuh jgrh gS vkSj og fe¥ tk, vkSj tks fe¥uk pkfg, og rc ^k;# lkekftd` vU;k; ugÓ gksrk vkSj ugÓ fe¥s] rks og Hh lkekftd` vU;k; d`h blds` foijhr tc lekt eÍ O;fâ` lnL; gh vuSfrd` gks tkrs gß] rks lkekftd` fLƒfr gksxh\ Justice in Theory)

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/899

vU;k; d`k tud` cu tkrs gß blf¥, ,d` n~fÆV ls d`g ld`rs gß fd`%lkekftd` vU;k; ds` ew¥ eÍ nqÆpfj(rk vkSj vuSfrd`rk gh gksrh gS\ blf¥, esjk er ;g gS fd` lkekftd` U;k; d`h vuqiwfrZ vkSj ifjiwfrZ gsrq lEcfU|r O;fâ` o O;fâ` lnL;kÍ d`k pfj(oku vkSj uSfrd`rk ls ifjiw.Z gksuk vfrvko';d` gS ,oa lkekftd` U;k;iw.Z lkeqnkf;d` okrkoj. gh O;fâ` uSfrd`rk ls iwfjiw.Z gks ikrk gS\ blf¥, uSfrd`rk vkSj lkekftd` U;k; u ds`o¥ ,d`-nwljs ls lEcfU|r gS ojuΩ iwjd` Hh gS\ uSfrd`rk ,oa lkekftd` U;k; ijLij ?fuÆB Ôi ls lEcfU|r gS\ O;fâ` ;k O;fâ`;kÍ d`k lewg tks vuSfrd` gksrk gS] rks og vU; O;fâ` leqnk;kÍ ij vU;k; d`jrk gS\ lewg }kjk fd`lh O;fâ` leqnk; ij vU;k; d`juk lkekftd` vU;k; d`g¥krk gS ,oa bld`k fuokj. d`juk lkekftd` U;k; d`g¥krk gS\ Hkjrh; n~fÆVd`ks. ls ns[Í] rks JhenΩHxor xhrk eÍ ;»fi vU;k; æCn ugÓ vk;k gS] ¥sfd`u v|eZ d`h vo|kj.k ogk∑ cgqr LiÆV gS xhrk eÍ Hh d`gk x;k gS fd` ∏O;fâ` eÍ tc jtksxq. d`k vkf|D; gksrk gS vkSj nsoh; lEink ds` Lƒku ij ‘vklqjh lEink’ d`k mn; gks tkrk gS] rks O;fâ` o O;fâ` leqnk; v|eZ d`h vksj cÈ
t¥ok;q ifjorZu ¥s[

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tk,axs\ e÷; iwoZ ;wjksi eÍ ckÈ< ds` [rjs cÈ< tk,axs\ nf”. vkSj e÷; vejhd`k eÍ ckfjæ d`e gksus ls tax¥kÍ }kjk d`kcZu MkbvkWDlkbM ds` vkRelkrhd`j. d`h lEHkouk ?Vsxh\ vV¥kf≥Vd` leqnz rV ij ckÈ< vk,xh] ?kl ds` eSnku uÆV gks tk,axs\ v≠`hd`k I;klk ej tk,xk] ,fæ;k egk}hikÍ eÍ fgek¥;h X¥sfæ;j VwVÍxs fi?¥Íxs] blls leqnz d`k t¥-Lrj cÈ<sxk] cgqr ls ”s( t¥-lekf| ¥s ¥Íxs] ^ikr d`e gkÍxs] [srh d`h gk¥r [jkc gksxh\ vkLV_sf¥;k vkSj U;wth¥S≥M eÍ ikuh d`h csgn d`eh gks tk,xh] tho-tUrqvkÍ d`h ^k. gkfu gksxh] rVh; ”s( eÍ >a>kor cÈ<Íxs] |zqoh; ”s(kÍ eÍ cœZ` fi?¥sxh vkSj X¥sfæ;j f[ldÍ`xs] xYœ`LV_he T;knk mxz gksxh] ouLifr vkSj tho-tUrqvkÍ d`k thou [rjs eÍ iÈMsxk\ vusd` nsækÍ eÍ eRL;ks»ksx vkSj m»ksx ds` Ôi eÍ iuik i;ZVu pkSiV gks tk,xk\ ;s rks ^kjfEHd` foukæ ds` bækjs gß\ ‘X¥ksc¥okfeÛx’ d`h H;kud`rk d`k lEiw.Z thou ij ?ksj foukæd`kjh vlj gksxk\ i;kZoj. j”k ;k xzhu gkml xSl fu;a(. ds` f¥, ,d` oSf'od` laf| D;ksVks eÍ gqbZ ƒh\ 2001 eÍ vejhd`k ;g d`gd`j mlls ckgj vk x;k fd` bls Lohd`kjus ls mld`h vƒZO;oLƒk d`ks uqd`lku igq∑psxk\ ;fn d`ksbZ fod`klæh¥ nsæ gksrk rks ml ij reke fd`Le ds` ^frca| ¥x tkrs\ vejhd`k tSls leƒZ nsæ d`ks vU;k; d`jus ls d`kSu jksds`= ‘X¥ksc¥okfeÛx’ ds` f¥, lcls vf|d` m®jnk;h vkSj vius vkS»ksfxd` d`pjs vkSj ^nw". ls vkstksu d`h ijr ir¥h d`jus d`k ftEesnkj nsæ bl nqnZæk d`ks jksd`us eÍ Hkx ugÓ ¥s jgk mYVs bjkd`] vœ`xkfuLrku tSls nsækÍ ij vk∂`e. ƒksi d`j ok;qe≥M¥ eÍ d`kcZu MkbvkWDlkbM ds` œS`¥ko d`h [q¥h ^næZuh d`jrk gS\ oSls Hh mlds` æL(kL( H≥Mkj d`e ^nw".d`kjh ugÓ gß\ bl ij Hh og X¥ksc¥ okfeÛx ds` ckjs eÍ nqfu;k ds` O;ogkj d`ks gh ugÓ] fopkj d`ks Hh [keksæ d`j nsuk pkgrk gS\ 18 v^S¥] 2007 d`ks ig¥h ckj fczVsu d`h ig¥ ij la;qDr jkÆV_ X¥ksc¥okfeÛx ij ppkZ d`h ig¥ gqbZ] rks Hh vejhd`k us ppkZ d`k fojks| fd`;k\ mlds` lkƒ phu vkSj Ôl Hh ækfe¥ ƒs\ bu rhukÍ cÈMs nsækÍ ds` vkS»ksfxd` LokƒksÛ d`ks bl fo"; ij ppkZ ls vius ˜ij ^frcU| ¥xus d`k [rjk e∑Mjkrk ¥x jgk gS\ vusd` nsækÍ eÍ ‘X¥ksc¥okfeÛx’ ij vuqla|ku gks jgs gß vkSj blls cpus ;k mls lhfer d`jus ds` ^;kl æqÔ gks pqds` gß\ ukosZ us ekpZ 2007 ls ‘Los¥ ckMZ’ }hi eÍ ,d` vUrjkZÆV_h; cht H≥Mkj ij d`ke æqÔ d`j fn;k gS tgk∑ cœZ` ds` d`kœ`h vUnj ,slk lqjf”r Lƒku cuk;k tk jgk gS ftleÍ ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/901

rhl ¥k[ fd`Le ds` cht lax~ghr fd`, tk ldÍ`xs] rkfd` uÆV gksrs chtkÍ d`h fd`Le lqjf”r jgs\ |zqo ^nsæ d`ks ‘X¥ksc¥ okfeÛx’ ds` ^Hko ls cpkus d`h d`ksfææ Hh p¥ jgh gS] D;kÍfd` ukosZ d`ks irk gS ;fn ;g u gksxk rks |zqoh; cœZ` ds fi?¥us ls leqnz d`h lrg vx¥s lkS o"ksÛ eÍ pk¥hl lÍVhehVj ˜∑ph mB tk,xh ftlls gksus ok¥s foukæ d`k vanktk mls gS\ d`bZ nsæ vius d`ks.kÍ ls v÷;;u d`j jgs gß] ;gk∑ rd` fd` cPpkÍ d`h Ropk ij rki cÈ<us ds` ^HkokÍ d`k Hh v÷;;u gks jgk gS\ Hwt¥] leqnz] ouksit] ^kf.;kÍ ds` thou vkSj i¥k;u d`k Hh v÷;;u fd`;k tk jgk gS\ dq`N nsækÍ us oukÍ d`ks lqjf”r j[us vkSj mud`h o~f* d`jus d`h ;kstuk Hh cukbZ gS\ vkS»ksxhd`j. ds` ckjs eÍ u, fljs ls fopkj d`k nkSj vk;k gS\ tkxÔd` nsækÍ d`k ehfM;k ¥ksxkÍ d`ks X¥ksc¥okfeÛx ds` [rjkÍ ls lko|ku d`j jgk gS vkSj mlls cpus ds` ^;kl ds` f¥, ^fæ”. ns jgk gS\ ;g rF; gS fd` X¥ksc¥okfeÛx d`k vlj ftu nsækÍ ij gksus ok¥k gS mueÍ fod`klæh¥ nsæ ^eq[ gß\ bueÍ Hh Hkjr] D;kÍfd` ;g [sfrgj nsæ gS] blds` rhu vksj leqnz vkSj ,d` vksj fgek¥; gS] ftlls fud`¥h ufn;k∑ d`jksÈMkÍ Hkjrh;kÍ d`k Hj.-iks". d`jrh gß\ ftl |jrh ij fgek¥; ds` v¥kok lalkj ds` X;kjg ^kÎ`frd` vk'p;ksÛ eÍ ls ,d` ‘lqUnj ou’ gS] tgk∑ nqfu;k ds` lokZf|d` ck?kÍ d`h cLrh gS\ leqnz eÍ ikuh cÈ<us ls lqUnj ou ds` Mwc tkus d`h ^c¥ vkæad`k gS\ ‘oYMZ okbM œ`≥M’ d`h jiV ds` vuqlkj fgek¥; ls ¥sd`j vestu rd` nqfu;k ds` lHh ^kÎ`frd` vk'p;Z bl vkink d`h pisV eÍ vkus ok¥s gß\ X¥sfæ;j ds` fi?¥us VwVus ls fgek¥; ^fro"Z nl ls iUnzg œ`hV |ld jgk gS\ blls Hkjh lad`V iSnk gksxk] ftld`k ,d` utkjk geus dq`N o"Z ig¥s m®jd`kæh ds` ÷oal eÍ ns[k gS\ ge vkS»ksxhd`j. vkSj Î`f" Hwfe ds` fuÆBqj bLrsek¥ ds eke¥s eÍ ftrus mrko¥s gß mlls T;knk mrko¥kiu Hw-laj”.] ou laj”.] ^nw". fuokj. vkSj lkSj ˜tkZ ds` mi;ksx ds` ^fr gksuk pkfg,\ ,d` o~” d`kVus ij nl o~” ¥xkus d`h ^frKk ls ;fn ge viuh okfud`h d`ks tksÈMÍ] ;fn d`kcZu MkbvkWDlkbM mRltZu ok¥s m»ksxkÍ ij ¥xke ¥xk,a] d`kcZu xSl iSnk d`jus ok¥h phtkÍ ·ftleÍ js≠`htjsVj] ijŒ;we] ,vj d`≥Mhæuj vkfn‚ ufn;kÍ vkSj t¥kæ;kÍ d`ks xank d`jus ok¥h phtkÍ ls cpÍ ;k ikuh d`ks LoPN d`jus d`h d`ksbZ fof| fod`flr d`jÍ\ Î`f" eÍ ukbV_kstu] Î`f(e moZjd`kÍ ds` bLrsek¥ ij jksd` ¥xk,a vkSj d`kcZu MkbvkWDlkbM d`e d`jus ok¥h fo»qrΩ-^.k¥h

d`k bLrsek¥ d`jÍ] rks æk;n viuh vkSj nsæ d`h H¥kbZ d`jÍxs\ ojuk ;g X¥ksc¥okfeÛx reke vkinkvkÍ ds` lkƒ Hq[ejh] dq`iks".] chekjh vkSj lkekftd` ekuoh; vijk|kÍ d`ks tUe nsxk\ ekSle ds` cn¥rs fetkt us fod`kl nj d`h vkÈM ¥sd`j la;e cjrus ls cp jgs nsækÍ d`ks Hh vc ca|u Lohd`kjus ds` f¥, etcwj tÔj d`j fn;k gS\ eke¥k pkgs okrkoj. eÍ vds`¥s 25 ^frær d`kcZ u MkbvkWDlkbM mx¥us ok¥s vejhd`k d`k gks ;k fœ`j fod`kl d`k Lokn p[ pqd`h Hkjr vkSj phu tSlh rst jŒrkj vƒZO;oLƒkvkÍ d`k] lHh bl ckr d`ks Lohd`kjus ¥xs gß fd` t¥ok;q ifjorZu d`h pqukSrh ls fuiVus ds` f¥, lk>s ^;klkÍ d`h tÔjr gS] ¥sfd`u lk>k d`ksfæækÍ d`h ckrkÍ ds` lkƒ ftEesnkjh d`k tqvk ,d`-nwljs ds` da`|kÍ ij Mk¥us ds` ^;kl Hh tkjh gß\ lkjk iÍp œ∑`l jgk gS d`her ij\ fo'o cßd` ds` ,d` vkd`¥u ds` eqrkfcd` i;kZoj. d`ks vc rd` gq, uqd`lku d`ks ;fn i¥Vuk gS] rks nqfu;k d`ks vius vkfƒZd` fod`kl nj d`k 5 ^frær fgLlk ^nw". eqDr rd`uhd`kÍ vkSj laj”. ^;klkÍ ds` uke d`juk gksxk\ fod`klæh¥ nsæ blh ckr ls vkæafd`r gß fd` d`gÓ ^nw". eqDr rd`uhd`kÍ ds` uke ij Vsd` vkWœ` d`j jgh mud`h vƒZO;oLƒkvkÍ ds` ij u d`rj fn, tk,a\ gk¥kafd` fod`kl d`h vkÈM eÍ rhljh nqfu;k ds` nsæ ml H;kog HfoÆ; ls uk tkus D;kÍ eq∑g eksÈM jgs gß] ftld`h lcls T;knk ekj mud`h gh vkcknh d`ks >s¥uh gksxh\ la;qDr jkÆV_ }kjk xfBr vkbZihlhlh d`h rktk fjiksVZ ls ;g lkœ` gS fd` i;kZoj. ds cn¥rs fetkt d`h lcls cÈMh d`her ,fæ;k vkSj v≠`hd`k d`h ml vkcknh d`ks pqd`kuh gksxh tks ig¥s gh viuk thou cpkus ds` f¥, la?"Z d`j jgh gS\ gk¥ gh eÍ teZuh ds` gS¥htÍMe eÍ tqVs nqfu;k ds` vkB |uh nsæ reke erHsnkÍ ds` ckotwn bl ckr ds` f¥, rks jkth gq, gß fd` ;fn |jrh d`ks cpkuk gS rks okrkoj. eÍ gj lk¥ igq∑p jgh d`kcZu MkbvkWDlkbM d`h ek(k d`ks 2050 rd` vk|k d`juk gksxk\ mUgkÍus ;g Hh ekuk fd` nqfu;k eÍ vkS»ksfxd` fod`kl d`h va|k|qa| nkSÈM æqÔ d`jus ds` d`kj. blds` nqÆifj.kekÍ d`ks
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vkt fo'o d`h 17 ^frær vkcknh d`k ?j d`gs tkus ok¥k Hkjr H¥s gh xzhu gkml xSlkÍ eÍ viuh 4 ^frær fgLlsnkjh ds` NksVs vk∑d`ÈMkÍ d`ks fn[kd`j bB¥krk gks] ¥sfd`u flDds` d`k nwljk ig¥w Hh gS\ Hkjr ftu vk∑d`ÈMkÍ d`k gok¥k nsrk gS og u ds`o¥ iqjkus gß] cfYd` blds` vkd`¥u d`h d`ksbZ d`kjxj O;oLƒk gh ugÓ gS\ ,sls eÍ tc nqfu;k ds` 90 ^frær ls vf|d` nsæ 3 ^frær ls d`e d`kcZu MkbvkWDlkbM NksÈMrs gkÍ rc 4 ^frær mRltZu ij Hkjr d`k [qæ gksuk fd`ruk [ks[¥k lkfcr gksrk gS\ vUrjkZÆV_h; Lrj ij Hkjr ds` d`kcZu mRltZu d`k vkd`¥u 1994 ds` ckn ls ugÓ fd`;k x;k gS ftl le; vƒZO;oLƒk 6 ^frær d`h fod`kl nj Nwus d`ks ƒh\ ;fn nsæ d`h vƒZO;oLƒk blh xfr ls p¥rh jgh rks 2031 rd` O;kolkf;d` ˜tkZ mi;ksx eÍ d`jhc 9 ^frær d`h o~f* gksxh\ d`jhc nl lk¥ ig¥s la;qDr jkÆV_ fod`kl d`k;Z∂`e ·;w,uMhih‚ Hkjr d`ks bl ckr ds` f¥, vkxkg d`j pqd`k gS fd` egt 6 ^frær d`h vkfƒZd` fod`kl nj ds` f¥, Hkjr ds` i;kZoj. d`ks gj lk¥ 13·8 fcf¥;u MkW¥j d`h d`her pqd`kuh iÈMrh gS\ jkÆV_h; i;kZoj. uhfr ;g ekurh gS fd` ekSle d`k cn¥rk fetkt nsæ ds` t¥ lalk|u] tax¥] Î`f"] rVh; b¥kd`kÍ vkSj ¥ksxkÍ ds` LokLF; d`h n~fÆV ls ¯prk d`k lcc gS\ t¥ok;q ifjorZu d`h Mjkouh rLohj [Óprh la;qDr jkÆV_ d`h fjiksVZ eÍ isæ vkd`¥u Hkjr ds` f¥, [klh ijsækuh d`k lcc gks ld`rs gß] D;kÍfd` nsæ eÍ 60 ^frær Î`f" ds`o¥ ekulwu ij fuHZj gS\ blds` v¥kok leqnz d`h cÈkSrkÍ ds` HfoÆ; ij lokf¥;k fuæku ¥xk ld`rs gß\ ,sls eÍ vfLƒj jktuhfrd` gk¥kr ok¥s nf”. ,fæ;k ds` ikuh d`ks

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∏d`ksbZ Hh Hkjrh; ‘LoIu eÍ Hh ugÓ’ lksprk fd` Lora(rk fe¥us ds` ckn vaxzsth nsæ d`h jkÆV_Hk"k vƒok fæ”k] æklu d`h Hk"k gksxh vkSj mifLƒr tulewg mud`k leƒZu d`jrk gS\π ·xka|hth ds` 1916 eÍ cukjl fgUnw fo'ofo»k¥; eÍ fn, x, lkoZtfud` Hk". ls‚

gekjs nsæ o lEiw.Z fo'o eÍ ,d` er ls ;g Lohd`kj fd`;k tkrk gS fd` xka|hth ,d` egkRek ƒs] ,d` lar ƒs] ,d` cÈMs fopkjd` ƒs] mUgkÍus Hkjr d`ks vktkn d`jok;k\ mUgkÍus ekuo thou ds` lHh ”s(kÍ ij vius fopkj j[s\ vus d ` vk|kjHwr fl*kUrkÍ d`h jpuk d`h] gk¥kafd` og vkSipkfjd` ,oa ^kekf.d` Ôi ls d`ksbZ fæ”kfonΩ] lektækL(h] vƒZækL(h ;k Hk"kfoKkuh ugÓ ƒs ] ¥sfd`u mUgkÍus vius lEiw.Z thou eÍ O;ogkjoknh Kku d`h xaxk cgkbZ gS] ftld`h lkƒZd`rk vkt Hh gS\ xka|hth d`k fæ”k ds` ek÷;e d`ks ¥sd`j] tks fpUru ,oa foeæZ ƒk] og vkt Hh oSKkfud`] O;kogkfjd`] euksoSKkfud` rƒk rkfdZ`d` |jkr¥kÍ ij lR; lkfcr gksrk gS\ bl lEcU| eÍ ckiw d`k LiÆV er ƒk fd` ∏fæ”k d`k ek÷;e ds`o¥ vkSj ds`o¥ ekr~Hk"k gksuh pkfg, rƒk leLr vU; Hk"kvkÍ eÍ mld`k Lƒku ^ƒe gksuk pkfg,\π Lora(rk ds` la?"Z ds` lkƒ–lkƒ ckiw fæ”k ds` ek÷;e ds` lEcU| eÍ O;kIr mƒ¥siu d`ks ¥sd`j d`kœ`h fpfUrr ƒs\ blf¥, mUgkÍus mlh le; d`g fn;k ƒk fd` ∏eß nsæ ds` ^fr viuk d`rZO; le>rk gw∑ fd` fæ”k ds` ckjs eÍ esjs fopkj lcd`ks LiÆV Ôi ls ek¥we gks tk,a vkSj mueÍ ls tks ;ksX; ek¥we gkÍ mUgÍ os xzg. d`jÍ\ Hk"k ds` ek÷;e ds` lEcU| eÍ esjk ;g fuÆd`"Z gS fd` Hkjr eÍ mPp fæ”k] tks fonsæh Hk"k eÍ nh tkrh gS] ftlls gekjs jkÆV_ d`h vikj ckSf*d` o uSfrd` gkfu gqbZ gS\ blds` uqd`lku d`h H;ad`jrk d`k ge Bhd` ls vanktk ugÓ ¥xk ld`rs\ ,slh fæ”k ikus ok¥s ge ¥ksxkÍ d`ks bld`k fæd`kj vkSj U;k;k|hæ nksukÍ cuuk gS] tks ¥xHx vlEHo d`ke gS\π ckiw d`k ;g fuÆd`"Z vkt gekjs nsæ ds` lUnHZ eÍ v”jæ# lR; lkfcr gqvk] D;kÍfd` Hk"k ek( vfHO;fâ` `d`k ek÷;e izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/903

ugÓ] cfYd` cgqr xgjk lE^R;; gS\ ^R;sd` Hk"k ds` lkƒ d`ksbZ fofæÆV l˙;rk] laLÎ`fr vkSj vkRecks| vfHUu Ôi ls tqÈMk gksrk gS\ ;g u le>us ds` d`kj. gh vkt Hkjr eÍ Hk"k lEcU|h foeæZ ^k;# mƒ¥k gS\ vkt vaxzsth ds` ckSf*d`] ^æklfud` vkSj æSf”d` f∂`;kd`¥kikÍ d`h Hk"k cu tkus ls Hkjrh; tux. ds` f¥, d`fBu fLƒfr cu xbZ gS\ bl xEHhj rRo d`ks misf”r d`j vaxzsth d`ks cÈ
eÍ ;g Hh Lohd`kj fd`;k x;k fd` ∏vaxzsth d`ks vf|d`kf|d` d`e vk;q ls Ldw`¥kÍ eÍ iÈ iÈMrk gS] og vlÌ gS\ …… blls gekjs Lukrd` vf|d`rj fud`Ees] d`etksj fu:Rlkgh] jksxh o d`ksjs ud`¥ph cu tkrs gß] mueÍ [kst fopkj d`jus d`h æfâ`] lkgl] |hjt] ohjrk] fuMjrk vkSj vU; xq. ”h. gks tkrs gß\π crkb,] fd`lh jkÆV_ usrk eÍ euksfoKku d`h blls vf|d` vkSj D;k le> gksxh= og vius nsæ d`ks bl rjg fud`Eek] d`etksj vkSj ud`¥ph gksrs gq, dS`ls lgu d`jsxk= rƒkd`fƒr ,¥hV oxZ ·vfHtu‚ tgk∑ ml le; vaxzsth Hk"k o vaxzstkÍ d`h Lrqfr d`j jgk ƒk] ,d` vanÔuh vkSifuosfæd`rk d`ks tUe ns jgk ƒk] ftld`h tÈMÍ vkt Hh fn[kbZ ns jgh gß] ml le; xka|hth bl

^d`kj ds` nqÆp∂`kÍ ls H¥h-Hk∑fr ifjfpr ƒs\ os tkurs ƒs fd` ;g nqÆp∂` Hkjr d`ks viuh Hkjrh;rk ls d`kVus d`k rƒk mls ekufld` Ôi ls ijkfJr d`jus d`k ƒk\ vkt ;g ckr Hh fl* gksrh gS% nsæ eÍ vc ,sls vla“; eg∑xs Ldw`¥ gß] tgk∑ ekr~Hk"k eÍ ckr d`juk euk gh ugÓ] ojuΩ naMuh; Hh gS\ th gk∑] lafo|ku eÍ ntZ jkÆV_Hk"k eÍ ckr d`juk naMuh; gS! cPpkÍ d`ks nsæh Hk"kvkÍ ls cpkd`j j[k tkrk gS\ Hk"k;h fnokf¥;kiu d`k blls cÈMk utkjk D;k gksxk= ftl nsæ d`h ek,∑ vius tUekr cPpkÍ d`ks VwVh–œw`Vh fxurh ds` pUn vad` fl[kus eÍ vius vkid`ks xkS j okfUor le>rh gß] ckgj ls vkus ok¥s esgekukÍ ds` le” ck¥d` ds` rksrk jVUr vaxzsth Kku d`ks vfHeku ds` lkƒ ^nfæZr fd`;k tkrk gS csVk Mksxh d`gk∑ gS=] vkid`h uksth ·ukd`‚ d`gk∑ gS=] Vhƒ fn[kvks%gßM okæ d`jks\ gn rks rc gksrh gS tc vaxzsth Kku u gksus ij fgUnh d`ks vaxzsth d`h æS¥h eÍ cks¥d`j ml fnæk d`h ”friwfrZ d`j nh tkrh gS\ Hk"k;h n~fÆVd`ks. ls nsæ d`h vkt d`h ifjfLƒfr;kÍ d`ks ns[d`j ,slk ¥xrk gS fd` ckiw d`k fæ”k o fæ”k ^.k¥h lEcU|h elkSnk ‘cqfu;knh fæ”k’ fd`ruh v»ru o oSKkfud` ƒk] ijUrq gekjs nsæ eÍ bld`k uke ¥sus ls ¥ksx æjekrs gß\ ge ¥ksxkÍ us eæhu fonsækÍ ls ¥h] iw∑th fonsækÍ ls ¥h ij vc geÍ æCnko¥h Hh fonsækÍ d`h pkfg,\ cqfu;knh rk¥he d`ks if'pe ds` fæ”kækfL(;kÍ us tc ‘odZ` ,Dlihfj;al’ d`k uke fn;k rks ge ¥ksx mld`h vksj vkÎ`ÆV gq,\ egkuΩ xka|hoknh ,oa xqtjkr jkT; ds` iwoZ jkT;ik¥ JheUukjk;.th 1949 eÍ fo'o Hze. ds` f¥, x, ƒs rc os 80 o"hZ; ^ks\ MΩ;wbZ ls U;w;kdZ` eÍ fe¥s rƒk mUgkÍus MΩ;wbZ d`ks ckiw d`h cqfu;knh rk¥he d`k lkfgR; HÍV fd`;k\ mls ns[d`j MΩ;wbZ us d`gk fd` ∏xka|hth d`ks ;g ckr dS`ls lw>h fd` mRiknu ds` lkƒ–lkƒ fæ”k p¥s\ cqfu;knh rk¥he gh æq* fæ”kækL( gS\π lqud`j cÈMk vPNk ¥xrk gS fd` oSf'od` fæ”kækL(h ;g ekurs gß fd` cqfu;knh fæ”k okLrfod` fæ”k gS] fæ”k d`k ek÷;e ekr~Hk"k gh gksuh pkfg,] ¥sfd`u gekjs nsæ ds` ¥ksx d`grs gß fd` ;g ckiw d`h |qu gS% p¥ks cPpkÍ d`ks iÈ
d`j ld`rk] mlh rjg viuh ok.h ds` vHko eÍ d`ksbZ O;fâ` dq`N ugÓ d`j ld`rk\π fonsæh Hk"k ds` ^;ksx ds` lEcU| eÍ dq`N ¥ksxkÍ d`k rdZ` gS fd` vUrjkZÆV_h; la^s". vkSj nqfu;k d`ks tkuus o le>us ds` f¥, vaxzsth vko';d` gS\ fo'oiV¥ ij Hk"k ls vf|d` egRo bl ckr d`k gksrk gS fd` cks¥ d`kSu jgk gS] vkSj D;k cks¥us ok¥k ;fn egRoiw.Z nsæ ;k O;fâ` gS] rks og fd`lh Hk"k eÍ cks¥s mld`h ckr d`ks ntZukÍ Hk"kvkÍ eÍ ÔikUrfjr gksd`j d`jksÈMkÍ ¥ksxkÍ }kjk vkils–vki lquh–le>h tkrh gS\ ,sls rdZ` ij ckiw us ckj–ckj ;gh d`gk ƒk% ∏mud`ks xjt gksxh rks os esjh ckr lquÍxs\ eß viuh ckr viuh Hk"k eÍ d`gw∑xk\ ftld`ks xjt gksxh] og lqusxkπ] rƒk ∏……… ;fn eß cks¥uk tkurk gw∑ vkSj esjs cks¥us eÍ d`ksbZ ,slh ckr jgsxh ftlls okbljk; ¥kH mBk ldÍ`] rks og vo'; esjh ckrÍ fgUnh eÍ cks¥us ij Hh lqu ¥Íxs\π bl lEcU| eÍ ,d` nwljk rdZ` ,p\ okbZ\ ækjnk ^lkn d`k ^klafxd` ¥xrk gS\ muds` vuqlkj] vkt ¥ks x va x z s t h Hk"k ds` i”ikrh vUrjkZÆV_h; le> o lE^s". ds` f¥, ugÓ cfYd` viuk vUrjkZÆV_h;d`j. d`jus ds` f¥, d`jrs gß% ∏vaxzsth vkt fd`lh ^xfr ds` ikliksVZ ds` Ôi eÍ vf|d` ns[h tkrh gS\ vusd` ¥ksxkÍ ds` f¥, fuLlUnsg ml ;k(k d`h ig¥h lhÈ vlÌ o ftY¥r Hjk gS\ vkt gekjs nsæ eÍ vaxzsth d`k fopkjghu eksg gS] ftlls ge fucZ¥ o æfâ`ghu cu x, gß\ vkt Hkjr ftu ogekÍ d`k fæd`kj gS] mueÍ lcls cÈMk oge ;g gS fd` lœ`¥rk o rdZ`æq* fpUru d`h ”erk ds` fod`kl ds` f¥, vaxzsth vko';d` gS] tcfd` vaxzsth fæ”k ^.k¥h d`k lcls cÈMk lqfu;ksftr chtkjksfir Hze gS\ fæ”k ds` fonsæh ek÷;ekÍ us gekjh nsæh Hk"kvkÍ d`h ^xfr vkSj fod`kl d`ks jksd` fn;k gS\ vUr eÍ ckiw us cÈMs LiÆV o d`ÈMs æCnkÍ eÍ d`gk gS fd` ∏vxj esjs gkƒ eÍ rkukækgh l®k gks] rks eß vkt ls gh fonsæh ek÷;e ds` tfj, nh tkus ok¥h gekjs ¥ÈÈMd`kÍ vkSj

¥ÈMfd`;kÍ d`h fæ”k cUn d`j nw∑ vkSj lkjs fæ”d`kÍ vkSj ^ksœs`ljkÍ ls ;g ek÷;e rqjUr cn¥ok nw∑ ;k mUgÍ cj[kLr d`jk nw∑\ eß ikBΩ; iqLrd`kÍ d`h rS;kjh d`k bUrtkj ugÓ d`Ô∑xk\ os rks ek÷;e ifjorZu ds` ihNs–ihNs vius-vki p¥h tk,axh\ ;g ,d` ,slh cqjkbZ gS] ftld`k rqjUr b¥kt gksuk pkfg,\π vkxs p¥d`j xka|hth us f¥[k gS fd` ∏nsæ ds` ukStokukÍ ij Mk¥k x;k fonsæh Hk"k ds` ek÷;e d`k ?krd` cks> bfrgkl eÍ ,d` lcls cÈMk nks" ekuk tk,xk\ bl ek÷;e us jkÆV_ d`h æfâ` gj ¥h gS] fo»kfƒZ;kÍ d`h vk;q ?Vk nh gS] mUgÍ vke turk ls nwj d`j fn;k gS vkSj fæ”. d`ks fcuk d`kj. [phZ¥k o cukoVh cuk fn;k gS\ vxj ;g ^f∂`;k vc Hh tkjh jgh rks tku iÈMrk gS fd` og jkÆV_ d`h vkRek d`ks uÆV d`j nsxh\ blf¥, fæf”r Hkjrh; fonsæh ek÷;e ds` H;ad`j oæhd`j. ls ckgj fud`¥ tk,] mruk gh mud`k vkSj turk d`k ¥kH gksxk\π ¥sfd`u bl lUnHZ eÍ gekjs jkÆV_ d`h orZeku næk ns[Í rks ijra( d`k¥ ls Hh cqjh næk gS\ xka|hth ds` Hk"kbZ foeæZ d`ks] tks oSKkfud` d`lkSVh ij tk∑pk vkSj le>k gqvk ƒk% mls vkt jkÆV_ ds` usr~Rod`kjh æSf”d` laLƒku o gekjs fæ”k-efUnj lc dq`N le>rs gq, Hh Hq¥k cSBs gß\ bu laLƒkukÍ eÍ vaxzsth gh fo}rk d`k ^ek. gS\ [sn d`k fo"; ;g gS fd` æSf”d` xq.o®k d`k ^ek.u nsus ok¥s laLƒku Hh jkÆV_Hk"k ds` ek÷;e ls fæ”k nsus ok¥s laLƒkukÍ d`ks nks;ke ntkZ ^nku d`jrs gß\ fæ”k laLƒkukÍ d`h Hk"k ek÷;e d`ks ¥sd`j ,slh næk D;kÍ gS= ^R;q®j eÍ fgUnh d`h ^frfÆBr if(d`k d`knfEcuh eÍ fnY¥h fo'ofo»k¥; ds` vaxzsth ds` ^k÷;kid` gjhæ f(osnh ds` ^d`kfær vk¥s[ ‘vaxzsth d`k cks¥ck¥k’ eÍ of.Zr fopkj ,d`ne lVhd` o lehphu gS% ∏ge vkil eÍ vaxzsth blf¥, ugÓ cks¥rs fd` ,slk d`juk vko';d` gS ;k lqfo|ktud` gS] cfYd` ;g fn[kus ds` f¥, cks¥rs gß fd` ge rqe ls cÈ
rHh rks vkt ds` Hkjr eÍ gj,d` O;fâ` d`h ¥k¥lk gS fd` og vaxzsth lh[s

vkSj vaxzsth cks¥ lds`\ bruk ^paM gS vaxzsth d`k cks¥ck¥k\π ftl rjg vkt ds` Hkjr eÍ nw|–NkN–jcÈMh ds` Lƒku ij iSIlh– d`ks¥k xk∑o–
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/905

lEeku d`h] mud`h foæs"rkvkÍ d`ks le rel="nofollow">us o Lohd`kj d`jus d`h ckr mlds` ckn gh vk ld`rh gS ] mlds ` ig¥s d`Hh ugÓ ……… bl lEcU| eÍ ckiw vkxs d`grs gß fd` ∏esjh ;g n~È< ekU;rk gS fd` gekjh laLÎ`fr eÍ tSlh ewY;oku fuf|;k∑ gß] oSlh fd`lh nwljh laLÎ`fr eÍ ugÓ gß\ geus mls igpkuk ugÓ gS] geÍ mlds` v÷;;u d`k frjLd`kj d`juk] mlds` xq.kÍ d`h d`e d`her d`juk fl[k;k x;k gS\ vius vkpj. eÍ mld`k O;ogkj d`juk rks geus ¥xHx NksÈM gh fn;k gS\ vkpkj ds` fcuk d`ksjk ckSf*d` Kku ml futhZo nsg d`h rjg gS] ftls elk¥k Hj ds` lqjf”r j[k tkrk gS\ og æk;n ns[us eÍ vPNk ¥xrk gS] fd`Urq mleÍ ^sj.k nsus d`h æfâ` ugÓ gksrh\π vkæ; LiÆV gS% xka|hth fonsæh Hk"kvkÍ ds` o mld`h tkud`kjh rƒk fl[¥kbZ ds` fojks|h ugÓ ƒs] mud`k fojks| ekr~Hk"k d`h txg d`ks gÈMius ok¥h fonsæh Hk"k ds` LoÔi ls gS\ Lo;a xka|hth us d`gk fd` ∏vxj vaxzsth ekr~Hk"k d`ks gÈMiuk pkgrh gS] ftld`h og gd`nkj ugÓ gS] rks eß mlls l“r uœ`jr d`Ô∑xk\ ;g ckr ekuh gqbZ gS fd` vaxzsth vkt lkjh nqfu;k d`h Hk"k cu xbZ gS\ blf¥, eß mls nwljh tqcku ds` rkSj ij txg nw∑xk] ¥sfd`u fo'o-

fo»k¥; ds` ikBΩ;∂`ekÍ o Ldw`¥kÍ eÍ ug˝Ó\ og dq`N ¥ksxkÍ ds` lh[us d`h pht gks ld`rh gS] ¥k[kÍ d`jksÈMkÍ d`h ugÓ] vius lkƒZd` er ds` vUr eÍ ckiw d`grs gß% ∏ftl rjg gekjh vktknh d`ks tcjnLrh Nhuus ok¥s vaxzs tkÍ d`h lh;klh gqdw`erkÍ d`ks geus lœ`¥rkiwoZd` bl nsæ ls fud`k¥ fn;k] mlh rjg gekjh laLÎ`fr d`ks nckus ok¥h vaxzsth Hk"k d`ks Hh geÍ ;gk∑ ls fud`k¥ ckgj d`juk pkfg,] gk∑ O;kikj vkSj jktuhfr d`h vUrjkZÆV_h; Hk"k ds` ukrs le~* vaxzsth d`k viuk LokHkfod` Lƒku gesæk d`k;e jgsxk\π vr# LiÆV gS fd` xka|hth fæ”k ds` ek÷;e ds` Ôi eÍ ekr~Hk"k d`ks ds`Unz eÍ j[d`j gh fæ”k vkSj nsæ ds` ckSSf*d`– lkaLÎ`frd` fod`kl pkgrs ƒs\ vkt ds` Hk"kbZ i;kZoj. ds` LoÔi d`ks ns[d`j fonsæh Hk"kvkÍ ·foæs"d`j vaxzsth‚ d`h Hwfed`k d`ks lhfer d`jus d`h vko';d`rk gS%blls eqVΩBh Hj ¥ksxkÍ d`ks gkfu gks ld`rh gS] tcfd` foæk¥ tuekul jkgr d`h lk∑l ¥sxk rƒk O;kid` iSekus ij jkÆV_ eÍ jpukRed` lalkj d`k mn; gksxk\ ;g foeæZ tSls lkS o"Z iwoZ Hh lp ƒk] vkt Hh gS] pkgs bls nsus ok¥s egkiq:" vc gekjs chp ugÓ fn[rs …… muds` liukÍ ds` Hkjr eÍ vkt Hh ekr~Hk"k d`ks vius lgh Lƒku d`h r¥kæ gS…… ●

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Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ,oa laL—fr

15.

fd`l ækld` us jktd`h; vfH¥s[kÍ d`ks [qnokus d`h ijEijk æqÔ d`j Hkjrh; bfrgkl d`ks O;ofLƒr Ôi ^nku d`jus eÍ egRoiw.Z ;ksxnku fn;k gS= % ekS;Z lezkVΩ væksd` us ‘rgd`hd`–,–fgUn’ uked` xzUƒ d`h jpuk fd`lus d`h= % v¥c:`uh us fd`u lß|o Lƒ¥kÍ ls ;Kh; osfn;k∑ ^kIr gqbZ gß= % ¥ksƒ¥ vkSj d`k¥hcaxk ls egkohj d`k tUe 540 bZlk iwoZ ds` ¥xHx oSæk¥h eÍ d`gk∑ gqvk ƒk= % dq`≥Mxzke eÍ i~Fohjkt pkSgku ds` fo:* eqgEen xkSjh d`h lgk;rk d`jus ds` d`kj. fd`l ækld` d`ks nsænzksgh d`h laKk nh tkrh gS= % d`UukSt ds` jktk t;pan d`ks lYrur d`k¥ ds` lqYrkukÍ }kjk cuokbZ xbZ efLtnkÍ eÍ lcls ig¥h dq`Oor–m¥–bL¥ke efLtn d`k fuekZ. fd`lus d`jok;k ƒk= % dq`rqcqˆhu ,scd` us fd`l ^fl* lwœ`h lar ds` thoud`k¥ eÍ ,d` ds` ckn ,d` lkr ækld` fnY¥h lYrur d`h xˆh ij vklhu gq,= % futkeqnΩnhu vkSf¥;k ds` thoud`k¥ eÍ uwjtgk∑ us vius ^Hko ls [qn ‘iknækg csxe’ d`h mikf| ¥h vkSj vius firk d`ks ‘,rekn–mnΩ–nkS¥k‘ d`h mikf| ^nku d`jokbZ\ mlds` firk d`k uke D;k ƒk= % fetkZ x;kl csx ‘b¥kgkckn d`h lfU|’ fd`u nks i”kÍ ds` chp gqbZ ƒh= % vaxzstkÍ rƒk ækgvk¥e f}rh; ds` chp ¥kWMZ os¥st¥h ds` lkƒ lcls ig¥s lgk;d` lfU| fd`l jkT; ds` ækld` us d`h= % gSnjkckn ds` futke us

16.

17. 18. 19.

20.

Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk ,oa lafo/kku 21. 22.

23.

24.

25.

jk"Vªh; LorU=rk vkUnksyu

26.

11.

:gs¥[≥M eÍ jksfg¥k usrk d`kSu ƒk ftlus fczfVæ æklu d`ks pqukSrh nh= % vtheqY¥k 12. ¥kWMZ ds`¯ux us uoEcj 1858 eÍ d`gk∑ vk;ksftr njckj eÍ Hkjr eÍ ∂`kmu ds` æklu d`h ?ks".k d`h= % b¥kgkckn eÍ vk;ksftr njckj eÍ 13. fd`l bfrgkld`kj us 1857 ds` fonzksg d`ks ‘Hkjr d`k ^ƒe Lora(rk laxzke’ d`gk gS= % oh\ Mh\ lkojd`j us 14. d`¥d`®k eÍ fgUnw d`kW¥st’ vkSj ‘osnkar d`kW¥st’ d`h Lƒkiuk fd`lus d`h ƒh= % jktk jkeeksgu jk; us izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/906

;ax caxk¥ vkUnks¥u d`h ig¥ eq“; Ôi ls fd`lds` }kjk d`h xbZ ƒh= % gsujh fofo;u Msjksft;ks }kjk fd`l eqfL¥e lekt lq|kjd` d`ks vaxzstkÍ us ‘ukbV gqM’ d`h mikf| ^nku d`h ƒh= % lS;n vgen [ku d`ks ‘ds`ljh’ lekpkj-i( ds` lEiknd` d`kSu ƒs= % ck¥ xaxk|j fr¥d` 1856 eÍ fo|ok iqufoZokg d`kuwu fd`lds` ^;klkÍ ls cuk;k x;k= % bZ'ojpUnz fo»klkxj ds` ^;klkÍ ls Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl d`h Lƒkiuk fd`l ok;ljk; ds` æklud`k¥ eÍ gqbZ= % ¥kWMZ Mœ`fju ds` æklud`k¥ eÍ ‘fof¥;e d`tZu okb¥h’ d`h gR;k fd`l ∂`kfUrd`kjh us d`h ƒh= % enu¥k¥ |Óxjk us

27. 28.

29.

30.

Hkjrh; lafo|ku ds` vuqlkj ‘jktuhfrd` æfâ`’ d`k vk|kj gS% % Hkjr d`h turk ‘iaƒfujis”’ (Secular) æCn d`ks fd`l lafo|ku laæks|u }kjk lafo|ku eÍ lfEef¥r fd`;k x;k gS= % 42oÍ (1976) lafo|ku laæks|u }kjk Hkjr ds` lafo|ku eÍ lfEef¥r uhfr–funsZæd` rRo fd`l nsæ ds` lafo|ku ls ^sfjr gß= % vk;j¥S≥M ds` lafo|ku ls Hkjrh; lafo|ku eÍ ‘ew¥ d`rZO;kÍ’ d`ks fd`l lafo|ku laæks|u }kjk lfEef¥r fd`;k x;k gS= % 42oÍ (1976) lafo|ku laæks|u }kjk ‘feuh d`aLVhVΩ;wæu’ (Mini Constitution) fd`ls d`gk tkrk gS= % 42oÍ lafo|ku laæks|u d`ks lafo|ku eÍ laæks|u d`h ^f∂`;k d`k mY¥s[ fd`l vuqPNsn eÍ fd`;k x;k gS= % vuqPNsn 368 eÍ d`k;Z lapk¥u eÍ jkÆV_ifr d`h lgk;rk d`kSu d`jrk gS= % eaf(ifj"nΩ nknj vkSj ukxj gos¥h Hkjr eÍ ækfe¥ gksus ls iwoZ fd`lds` mifuosæ ƒs= % iqrZxk¥ ds` flfDd`e d`ks fd`l lafo|ku laæks|u ds` }kjk Hkjr la? eÍ iw.Z jkT; ds` Ôi eÍ ækfe¥ fd`;k x;k= % 36oÍ lafo|ku–laæks|u }kjk Hkjrh; lafo|ku fd`l ^d`kj d`h ukxfjd`rk ^nku d`jrk gS= % ,d`¥

cßd` vkWœ` cÈMkSnk d`h czkfUMax iafâ` (Branding Line) D;k gS= % India’s International Bank 49. cßd` vkWœ` cÈMkSnk d`k ¥ksxkÍ (Logo) gS% % Baroda Sun xaxk MsYVk ds` æh"Z ij fLƒr igkfÈM;k∑ d`kSulh gß= % jkteg¥ igkfÈM;k∑ 50. Hkjr eÍ vktd`¥ cgqr ls cßd` vius xzkgd`kÍ d`ks M–c߯d`x lqfo|k ns jgs gß\ ‘M–c߯d`x’ eÍ M d`k bLrsek¥ fd`lds` f¥, ‘flftxh’ (Syzygy) D;k gS= fd`;k x;k gS= % lw;Z] pUnzek d`h led`ksf.d` fLƒfr % Mobile Phone ds` f¥, vfYcMks (Albedo) D;k gS= % lw;Z ls i~Foh d`h vksj ^kIr ˜Æek d`k og Hkx] tks fcuk i~Foh ,oa ok;qe≥M¥ d`ks xeZ fd`, foKku ,oa rduhdh ijkorZ (Reflect) gks tkrk gS\ fo'o ^fl* ‘m¥ax’ (Ullang) fd`Le d`h pk; fd`l nsæ eÍ 51. jâ`nkc d`k fu;a(. d`kSu d`jrk gS= iSnk d`h tkrh gS= % vf|o~Dd` (Adrenal) % rkboku eÍ 52. D¥ksjksfœ`¥ d`k [fut ?Vd` gS% fd`l Hkjrh; Lƒku d`ks ‘vUrfj” uxj’ ds` miuke ls Hh tkuk % eSXuhfæ;e tkrk gS= % Jhgfjd`ksVk d`ks 53. foVkfeu B d`h d`eh ls d`kSulk jksx gks tkrk gS= % csjh–csjh uwfc;ku e:Hwfe d`gk∑ fLƒr gS= % lwMku eÍ 54. æqÆd` cœZ` D;k gksrh gS= % Bksl d`kcZu MkbvkWDlkbM d`ks¥fEc;k d`k iqjkuk uke D;k gS= % U;w xszusMk 55. ,¥\ ih\ th\ xSl eÍ D;k gksrk gS= % C;wVsu vkSj ^ksisu ds`Unzh; lhLeks¥kWftd`¥ vkWCtjosVjh (Central Seismo56. ¥sUt d`k fu;e fd`ld`h fnæk tkuus ds` f¥, ^;ksx fd`;k logical Observatory) d`gk∑ fLƒr gS= tkrk gS= % d`ksMkbZ d`uk¥ eÍ % ^sfjr fo»qrΩokgd` c¥ d`h Hkjr d`k lcls ¥Eck ck∑| gS% % ghjkdq`M ck∑| 57. ^frck|k (Impedance) d`k O;qR∂`e (Reciprocal) d`g¥krk gS% rs¥qxw xaxk ifj;kstuk d`k mˆs'; D;k gS= % ^os';rk (Admittance) % Î`Æ.k unh t¥ d`ks psUubZ ¥kuk 58. ihf¥;k (Jaundice) fd`l vax d`k jksx gS=

Hkkjr ,oa fo'o dk Hkwxksy

31. 32. 33.

34.

35.

36. 37. 38.

39. 40.

41.

42.

43. 44. 45. 46.

47.

48.

% ;Î`r (Liver) d`k Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk 59. ∏nzo lHh fnækvkÍ eÍ leku nkc ikfjr d`jrk gSπ ;g d`ƒu fd`l fu;e ls lEcfU|r gS= % ikLd`¥ ds` fl*kUr ls cßd` nj d`k vƒZ gS% % og nj ftl ij Hkjrh; fjtoZ cßd` okf.fT;d` 60. ekuo æjhj d`k lkekU; rki 37° fd`l Lds`¥ ij gksrk gS= % ds`fYou Lds`¥ ij cßd`kÍ ds` fofue; fc¥ d`k ∂`; ;k fMLd`kmaV d`jrk gS iw∑th cktkj d`k fofu;ked` (Capital Market Regulator) —f"k gS% % lsch (SEBI) 61. f}–mˆsæh; ‘tkS’ (Barley)%nkus ,oa pkjs nksukÍ ds` f¥,] d`h in BRICS eÍ R fd`lds` f¥, bLrsek¥ fd`;k x;k gS= ubZ fd`Le ‘RD–2715’ fj¥ht gsrq igpkuh (Identified) % Ôl (Russia) ds` f¥, xbZ gS] tks e÷; ^nsæ] N®hlxÈ<] xqtjkr] jktLƒku ds` FDI d`k vƒZ gS% d`ksVk ,oa mn;iqj ”s(kÍ rƒk m®j ^nsæ ds` >k∑lh e≥M¥ d`h % Foreign Direct Investment fd`u nækvkÍ gsrq mi;qâ` gS= fd`l fonsæh cßd` d`h Hkjr eÍ lokZf|d` æk[k,a gß= % le; ls cqckbZ ,oa ¯lfpr nækvkÍ gsrq % fczVsu ds` LVS≥MMZ pkVZMZ cßd` ·ih¥k xs:`bZ ^frjks|h‚ NASDAQ eÍ lwphc* gksus ok¥h ig¥h Hkjrh; d`Eiuh 62. ‘LohV vkSjsUt’ (Sweet Orange–Citrus Sinensis) dq`¥ d`kSulh gS= (Family) ÔVslh (Rutaceae) d`h ubZ fd`Le ‘œq`¥s ekSlEch’ % buœ`ksfll (Infosys) (Phule Mosambi) ,oa ,flM ¥kbe (Acid Lime%[±k Hkjr eÍ ∂s ` fMV js¯Vx (Credit Rating) ,tÍfl;kÍ d`k uhcw) d`h ‘œq`¥s æcZrh’ (Phule Sharbati) fd`Le fd`l Î`f" fofu;ked` (Regulator) d`kSu gS= fo'ofo»k¥; ls fod`flr d`h xbZ gß=……… % egkRek œq`¥s Î`f" fo»kihB jkgqjh ·egkjkÆV_‚ % lsch (SEBI)

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/907

63.

64.

65.

66.

67.

68.

69.

70.

uhcw (Citrus) d`h ubZ ^tkfr;k∑ (Citrus genotype) NRCC–Pummelo–1, 2, 3, 4 ,oa 5’ fd`l laLƒku }kjk fod`flr d`h xbZ gß`= % National Research Centre for Citrus (NRCC), ukxiqj ·egkjkÆV_‚ xsgw∑ (Triticum Aestivum L.) d`h ubZ ^tkfr ‘ H D – 2932’–Bread Wheat nsj ls cqokbZ] e÷;e moZjrk ,oa ¯lfpr nækvkÍ ds` f¥, e÷; ^nsæ] N®hlxÈ<] jktLƒku] xqtjkr] egkjkÆV_ rƒk d`ukZVd` jkT;kÍ ds` f¥, mi;qâ`] fod`flr d`h xbZ gS] ftleÍ HD d`k vƒZ gS% % Highyielding Delhi vƒkZrΩ ‘IARI’, iwlk laLƒku] ubZ fnY¥h ls fj¥ht fd`l vUu œ`l¥ (Cereal Crop) d`h ubZ ^tkfr;k∑ ·o"Z 2008-09 eÍ‚ fod`flr d`h xbZ gß] tSls% VL–892, PBW– 550, WH–1021, HI–1544 ,oa HPW–251……… % xsgw∑ (Bread Wheat) o"Z 2008-09 eÍ fod`flr ubZ fd`LeÍ (Central Release)– Hybrid–6129 ·lad`j‚] Improved Samba Mahsuri ,oa Improved Pusa Basmati–1 fd`l |kU; œ`l¥ (Cereal Crop) d`h gß= % |ku (Rice) fd`l |kU; œ`l¥ (Cereal Crop) d`h State Release Varieties gß] tks o"Z 2008-09 ds` nkSjku fj¥ht d`h xbÛ= % |ku (Rice) ,d` ubZ fod`flr i*fr ‘Jh’ (SRI–Rice Intensification System) vƒkZrΩ |ku l?urk ^.k¥h eÍ ikS|kÍ d`k vkilh œ`kl¥k (20 × 20 cm Row × Plant Spacing), mit eÍ 36–49% d`h cÈ
[ksydwn 71.

okVjiks¥ks d`h gj Vhe eÍ f[¥kfÈM;kÍ d`h la“;k gksrh gS%

73.

74. 75.

76. 77. 78. 79. 80.

fofo/k 81. 82. 83.

84. 85. 86.

87. 88. 89. 90. 91.

%7 72. fo'o eÍ ekm≥V ,ojsLV ij pÈ<us ok¥h ^ƒe efg¥k d`kSu 92. ƒh= % tqUd`ks rkcsbZ (Junko Tabei) izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/908

fd`l f[¥kÈMh d`k miuke ‘Msful n ehusl’ (Dennis the Menace) gS= % vkUnzs vxklh (Andrea Agassi) d`k tq¥kbZ 2008 eÍ gSnjkckn eÍ [s¥h xbZ twfu;j ,fæ;k d`i gkWd`h eÍ d`kSulk nsæ thrk`= % Hkjr gk¥ gh eÍ viuk ig¥k foEcYMu f[rkc thrus ok¥k jkœs`¥ uMk¥ fd`l [s¥ d`k f[¥kÈMh gS= % ¥kWu Vsful d`k fot; gtkjs V_kWœ`h d`k lEcU| fd`l [s¥ ls gS= % f∂`ds`V ls [s¥dw`n ds` ”s( eÍ mRÎ`ÆVrk ds` f¥, d`kSulk iqjLd`kj fn;k tkrk gS= % vtqZu iqjLd`kj vks¥fEid` eæk¥ d`h fo";oLrq eÍ ƒk% % tuhZ vkWœ` gkeZuh (Journey of Harmony) vtqZu iqjLd`kj ls lEekfur vuwi Jh|j d`k lEcU| fd`l [s¥ ls gS= % cSMfeUVu ls jktho xka|h [s¥jRu vokMZ 2007 ls fd`l f[¥kÈMh d`ks lEekfur fd`;k x;k= % egsUnz ¯lg |ksuh d`ks

Hkjr ds` vfUre xouZj tuj¥ d`kSu ƒs= % p∂`orhZ jktxksik¥kpkjh S.D.R. d`k iwjk Ôi gS% % Lisæ¥ M_kbax jkbVΩl (Special Drawing Rights) xzhu c߯d`x d`k D;k vƒZ gS= % cßd`kÍ }kjk i;kZoj. ds` vuqdw`¥ ifj;kstukvkÍ d`ks fo® fn;k tkuk ,d` egkuh jksekafVd` ukVd` d`knEcjh d`k ¥s[d` d`kSu ƒk= % ck.H± ‘ÿkV oÍV jkWUx’ (What Went Wrong) iqLrd` d`h ¥sf[d`k d`kSu gß= % fd`j. csnh fH¥kbZ bLikr la;U( d`k fuekZ. fd`l nsæ ds` lg;ksx ls fd`;k x;k ƒk= % lksfo;r la? ds` lg;ksx ls pk∑n ij mrjus ok¥k nwljk vkneh d`kSu ƒk= % cÈt ,fYM_u (BUZZ Aldrin) fxj ou fd`lds` f¥, ^fl* gS= % ¯lg lÍDpqjh (Lion Sanctuary) ds` f¥, ‘'osr d`ks;¥k’ fd`ls d`grs gß= % t¥fo»qrΩ d`ks m®jh |zqo eÍ Hkjr ds` vuqla|ku ds`Unz d`k uke gS% % fgekfnz (Himadri) Hkjr ljd`kj d`h ;kstuk ‘vkæk’ d`k lEcU| fd`l ”s( ls gS= % LokLF; ,oa ifjokj d`Y;k. ls o"Z 2008 eÍ ^d`kæ ,oa eankfd`uh vkEVs fd`l vUrjkZÆV_h; iqjLd`kj ls lEekfur gq, ƒs`= % jSeu eSXlsls iqjLd`kj ls

93.

Hkjr ljd`kj us ‘tÍMj ct¯Vx’ (Gender Budgeting) fd`l ^;kstu ls d`k;kZfUor d`h gS= % ;g lqfuf'pr d`jus ds` f¥, fd` lHh ;kstukvkÍ d`ks efg¥k d`Y;k. ds` f¥, ctV liksVZ fe¥s 94. Hkjr ds` jkÆV_ifr] tks jkÆV_ifr cuus ls iwoZ HkjrjRu ls lEekfur gq,% % MkW\ loZiY¥h jk|kÎ`Æ.u rƒk MkW\ tkfd`j gqlSu 95. iæqvkÍ eÍ ‘feYd` œ`hoj’ chekjh fd`ld`h d`eh ds` d`kj. gksrh gS= % dS`fYl;e d`h d`eh ds` d`kj. 96. ekuo æjhj ds` fd`l vax }kjk ;wfj;k (Urea) d`ks jâ` ls fœ`YVj fd`;k tkrk gS`= % o~Dd`kÍ (Kidneys) }kjk 97. tksgkUlcxZ ·n\ v≠`hd`k‚ eÍ vk;ksftr ‘fel oYMZ’ ^fr;ksfxrk eÍ ‘fel oYMZ 2008’ fd`ls ?ksf"r fd`;k x;k= % lsU;k lqf[uksok (Ksenya Sukhinova) 98. ‘csLV vkWœ` n cqd`j ^kbt’%2009 ·loksZRÎ`ÆV cqd`j iqjLd`kj‚ gk¥ gh eÍ fd`l ¥sf[d`k d`ks fn;k x;k`= % fg¥sjh ekaVs¥ d`ks ·Î`fr%oqYœ` gkW¥‚ 99. fd`l ,d`ek( Hkjrh; d`ks vƒZækL( eÍ ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj fe¥k gS= % veR;Z lsu d`ks 100. HkjrjRu mLrkn fcfLeY¥k [k∑ fd`l ok» ;a( ds` oknu eÍ fo“;kr jgs= % ægukbZ oknu eÍ 101. fo'o fjd`kWMZ d`h fxuht cqd` ds` vuqlkj fo'o eÍ lcls cÈMk fgUnw efUnj d`kSulk gS= % v”j|ke efUnj ·fnY¥h‚ 102. 2008 ds` vks¥fEid` [s¥kÍ d`h VkWpZ d`k uke D;k j[k x;k= % Cloud of Promise 103. Back to the Vedas ·osnkÍ d`h vksj ¥kSVks‚ ukjk fd`lus fn;k ƒk= % n;kuUn ljLorh us 104. ∏Hkjr ,oa fo'o d`h leL;kvkÍ d`h lœ`¥rk ds` f¥, lektokn gh ,d`ek( dq`Uth gSπ (“The only key to

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106.

107.

108. 109.

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m®j ^nsæ ¥ksd lsok vk;ksx ·eq“;‚ ijh{kk (2007), 1-8-2009 d`k g¥ iz'u-i(

14.

lkekU; v÷;;u ·^ƒe ^'u-i(‚

01.

02.

03.

04.

05.

06.

07.

fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ;qXe lgh lqesf¥r ugÓ gS= (A) ?kuk % vd`jk (B) d`hfu;k % uSjksch (C) ukehfc;k % ¯oMgqd` (D) ukbthfj;k % jckr fuEuf¥f[r t¥MeÔe÷;kÍ eÍ ls fd`l t¥MeÔe÷; ls ,d` lqjax ;wukbVsM ¯d`xMe rƒk ≠`kal d`ks tksÈMrh gS= (A) Msfol LV_sV (B) MsuekdZ` LV_sV (C) LV_sV vkWœ` Mksoj (D) LV_sV vkWœ` ftczkYVj fuEukafd`r fd`l nsæ–lewg eÍ eDd`k eq“; Hkstu ds` Ôi eÍ ^;ksx eÍ vkrk gS= (A) if'peh ;wjksi (B) Ôl (C) e÷; v≠`hd`k (D) nf”.–iwoZ ,fæ;k Hkjr d`k lcls cÈMk canjxkg gS% (A) foæk[kiVueΩ eÍ (B) eqEcbZ eÍ (C) rwrhd`ksfju eÍ (D) d`kaM¥k eÍ lad`ksæ unh lhek cukrh gS% (A) fcgkj ,oa if'pe caxk¥ ds` chp (B) vle ,oa v:.kp¥ ^nsæ` ds`` chp (C) vle ,oa if'pe caxk¥ ds` chp (D) fcgkj ,oa >kj[≥M ds` chp ihj iatk¥ Js.h ikbZ tkrh gS% (A) v:.kp¥ ^nsæ eÍ (B) tEew ,oa d`'ehj eÍ (C) iatkc eÍ (D) m®jk[≥M eÍ m®j ^nsæ d`k fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk uxj jkÆV_h; jktekxZ–2 }kjk ugÓ tksÈMk tkrk = (A) vkxjk (B) b¥kgkckn (C) ¥[u˜ (D) okjk.lh

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/910

08.

09.

10.

11.

12.

13.

fuEuf¥f[r ufn;kÍ eÍ d`kSu v÷;kjksfir (Superimposed) unh d`k mnkgj. gS= (A) v¥d`uank (B) d`kslh (C) pEc¥ (D) xksnkojh fd`u d`kjd`kÍ us m®jh Hkjr ls nf”.h Hkjr eÍ phuh m»ksx ds` Lƒkfud` LƒkukUrj. eÍ lgk;rk d`h= 1. xUus d`k ^fr ,d`ÈM mPprj mRiknu 2. xUus eÍ ædZ`jk d`k vf|d` gksuk 3. isjkbZ d`k vf|d` ¥Eck ekSle 4. lLrk Je uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j d`k p;u d`hft,% dw`V # (A) 1 ,oa 2 (B) 2 ,oa 3 (C) 1, 2 ,oa 3 (D) 2, 3 ,oa 4 fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu œ`l¥Í vf|d`kaær# fuokZgew¥d` Î`f" ds` vUrxZr iSnk d`h tkrh gß= (A) eksVs vukt rƒk pko¥ (B) d`ikl rƒk rEckdw` (C) pk; rƒk d`gok (D) lfCt;k∑ rƒk œ`¥ lkxkSu rƒk lk¥ fd`lds` mRikn gß= (A) mÆ. d`fVcU|h; æqÆd` ir>ÈMh ou (B) mÆ. d`fVcU|h; lnkcgkj ou (C) mÆ. d`fVcU|h; d∑`Vh¥s ou (D) ioZrh; ou ‘rq¥cq¥’ ifj;kstuk fuEukafd`r fd`l unh ij fLƒr gS= (A) fpukc (B) jkoh (C) O;kl (D) >s¥e fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu lksu unh d`k okLrfod` lzksr gS`= (A) ægMks¥ ft¥s eÍ vejda`Vd` (B) ægMks¥ ft¥s eÍ lksueqÈMk (C) fc¥kliqj ft¥s eÍ lksu oPNjokj (D) eaM¥k iBkj

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ;qXe lgh lqesf¥r gS= vkf≥od` la;a( pk¥w gksus d`k o"Z (A) d`ksVk % 1989 (B) d`d`jkikj % 1984 (C) dS`xk % 1999 (D) d`¥iDd`e % 1995 Hkjr eÍ jcj m»ksx fLƒr gS% (A) iafte eÍ (B) cax¥kSj eÍ (C) iqnqpsjh eÍ (D) vkSjaxkckn eÍ ekpZ 2009 eÍ cz©ksl felkb¥ ^”si. fd`;k x;k% (A) iks[ju ls (B) pk∑nhiqj ls (C) ds`i ds`uojs¥ ls (D) Jh gfjd`ksVk ls ftu nsækÍ us ek¥kckj–2009 ds ` v˙;kl eÍ Hkx f¥;k\ os gß% (A) phu] bax¥S≥M] Ôl (B) phu] Hkjr] Ôl (C) Hkjr] vejhd`k] tkiku (D) tkiku] bax¥S≥M] vejhd`k btjkb¥ }kjk mi¥C| d`jk, x, rhu ‘œ`kYd`u vokDl’ Hkjr eÍ ig¥h ckj ^kIr gq,% (A) ekpZ 2009 eÍ (B) v^S¥ 2009 eÍ (C) ebZ 2009 eÍ (D) œ`jojh 2009 eÍ o"Z 2008 d`k ukscs¥ ækfUr iqjLd`kj fotsrk gß% (A) v¥ xksjs (B) eqgEen ;wuql (C) ejf® vgfrlkjh (D) oaxkjh eƒkbZ fu|Zu ,oa xzkeh. ¥ksxkÍ d`ks ;ksxnku nsus gsrq ‘gwoj esM¥’ ds` f¥, fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ls ekpZ 2009 eÍ pquk x;k gS= (A) lSe fi(ksnk (B) ,\ih\ts\ vCnq¥ d`¥ke (C) ,e\,l\ Lokehukƒu (D) ckck vkEVs v^S¥ 2009 eÍ th–20 d`k fæ[j lEes¥u lEiUu gqvk% (A) tsusok eÍ (B) ¥anu eÍ (C) isfjl eÍ (D) jkse eÍ

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

noksl ·fLoVΩtj¥S≥M‚ eÍ tuojh 2009 eÍ vk;ksftr fo'o vkfƒZd` eap ds` okf"Zd` lEes¥u eÍ Hkjr d`k ^frfuf|Ro fd`;k ƒk% (A) eueksgu ¯lg us (B) d`e¥ukƒ us (C) ih\ fpnEcje us (D) d`fi¥ flCc¥ us ¥ksd` lHk d`h v÷;” cuus ok¥h ^ƒe efg¥k gß% (A) fot;¥{eh if≥Mr (B) ljksftuh uk;Mw (C) bfUnjk xka|h (D) ehjk dq`ekj 66oÍ xksYMu X¥ksc vokMΩZl eÍ fd`l ewoh d`ks loZJsÆB ewoh d`k iqjLd`kj fn;k x;k gS= (A) ek¥ bZ (B) L¥eMkWx fef¥;us;j (C) fn MkdZ` ukbV (D) nh jhMj fuEuf¥f[r ;qXekÍ eÍ d`kSulk lgh lqesf¥r ugÓ gS= gk¥ eÍ inΩe iqjLd`kj iqjLd`kj ikus ok¥s (A) Hhelsu tksæh % Hkjr jRu (B) vfHuo fcUnzk % inΩe foHw". (C) æs[j xqIrk % inΩe Hw". (D) ,s'o;kZ jk; % inΩe Jh baVjusæu¥ bafM;u fœ`Ye ,ds`Mseh ds` ed`kvks eÍ gq, iqjLd`kj lekjksg eÍ loZJsÆB vfHusrk d`k iqjLd`kj fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ls fe¥k= (A) vferkH cPpu (B) )`frd` jksæu (C) vfH"sd` cPpu (D) l¥eku [ku 2009 ds` pquko i'pkrΩ ubZ ljd`kj d`k m®jnkf;Ro ¥s ¥sus ij ig¥h ckj ^|kuea(h eueksgu ¯lg ikfd`Lrku ds` jkÆV_ifr vkflœ` v¥h tjnkjh ls d`gk∑ fe¥s= (A) d`kfgjk (B) ¥anu (C) æa?kbZ (D) ;sd`krsfjucxZ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`u nsækÍ us æa?kbZ lg;ksx laxBu (SCO) ds` 16 tw u ] 2009 d`ks gq, lEes¥u eÍ ^s”d` d`h gSfl;r ls Hkx f¥;k= 1. Ôl 2. Hkjr 3. ikfd`Lrku 4. bZjku

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/911

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j d`k p;u d`hft,% dw`V # (A) 1 ,oa 2 (B) 2 ,oa 3 (C) 3 ,oa 4 (D) 2, 3 ,oa 4 ml f[¥kÈMh d`k uke crkb, ftls jktho xka|h [s¥ jRu vokMZ 2008 ls lEekfur fd`;k x;k gS\ (A) lfpu rsUnq¥d`j (B) vfu¥ dq`Ec¥s (C) xkSre xEHhj (D) ,e\ ,l\ |ksuh vks¥fEid` 2008 eÍ ,d` ek( Hkjrh; Lo.Z ind` fotsrk gß% (A) lqnsæ dq`ekj (B) iad`t vkMokuh (C) egsæ Hwifr (D) vfHuo fcUnzk ,fæ;k d`i gkWd`h VwukZeÍV 2009 d`k fotsrk ƒk% (A) phu (B) e¥sfæ;k (C) ikfd`Lrku (D) nf”. d`ksfj;k ekpZ 2009 eÍ lEiUu 17 oÓ jkÆV_h; lhfu;j efg¥k œq`Vck¥ ^fr;ksfxrk d`k fotsrk ^nsæ ƒk% (A) ef.iqj (B) ukxk¥S≥M (C) rfe¥ukMq (D) if'pe caxk¥ ftu nks [s¥kÍ d`ks o"Z 2012 eÍ ¥anu eÍ lEiUu gksus ok¥s vks¥fEid` [s¥kÍ ls ckgj d`j fn;k x;k gS] gß% (A) cSMfeUVu rƒk Vsc¥ Vsful (B) ckLds`Vck¥ rƒk okW¥hck¥ (C) Vsful rƒk dq`'rh (D) lkWŒVok¥ rƒk cslck¥ fuEuf¥f[r ;qXekÍ eÍ ls d`kSu lgh lqesf¥r ugÓ gS= (A) lqæh¥ dq`ekj % dq`'rh (B) vkuUn iokj % cSMfeUVu (C) vtqZu jko % |uqfoZ»k (D) iad`t vkMokuh % fuækusckth lqYrku vt¥ku ækg gkWd`h VwukZeÍV] 2009 d`h fotsrk Hkjrh; Vhe ds` d`Irku ƒs% (A) fn¥hi Vd`hZ (B) jktik¥ ¯lg (C) lanhi ¯lg (D) oh\ j?qukƒ ebZ 2009 eÍ ,fæ;k d`i gkWd`h VwukZeÍV lEiUu gqvk% (A) Hkjr eÍ (B) e¥sfæ;k eÍ

(C) (D) 37.

38.

39.

40.

nf”. d`ksfj;k eÍ la;qâ` vjc vehjkr eÍ jkÆV_h; [s¥] 2011 d`k vk;kstu fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l jkT; eÍ gksxk= (A) fnY¥h (B) xksok (C) egkjkÆV_ (D) jktLƒku ,d` œ`l¥ ^.k¥h] ftlds` vUrxZr œ`l¥kÍ d`ks jksi. fd`, x, isÈMkÍ d`h d`rkjkÍ ds` chp ds` Lƒku eÍ mxk;k tkrk gS] d`g¥krh gS% (A) fj¥s ∂`kW¯ix (B) fe¥ok∑ [srh (C) vUr#œ`l¥h (D) ,s¥s ∂`kW¯ix (Alley Cropping) ftIle d`h vf|d` ek(k vko';d` gksrh gS% (A) |ku d`h œ`l¥ eÍ (B) cjlhe d`h œ`l¥ eÍ (C) xsgw∑ d`h œ`l¥ eÍ (D) ew∑xœ`¥h d`h œ`l¥ eÍ Hwfe eÍ mi¥C| t¥ d`h ˜ijh lhek fud`k¥h tkrh gS% 1 1 (A) ckj ij (B) ckj ij 3 2 (C)

41.

42.

43.

44.

45.

2 3

ckj ij (D) 1 ckj ij

vjgj d`k tUeLƒku gS% (A) vejhd`k (B) Hkjro"Z (C) n\ v≠`hd`k (D) felz m»ku ,oa okfud`h fo'ofo»k¥; fLƒr gS% (A) d`ks;EcVwj eÍ (B) lks¥u eÍ (C) ik¥eiqj eÍ (D) iUr uxj eÍ ghjksbu ^kIr gksrh gS% (A) Hkax ls (B) vœ`he iksLrk ls (C) rEckdw` ls (D) lqikjh ls Hkjr eÍ lks;kchu d`k vxz.h mRiknd` gS% (A) N®hlxÈ< (B) e÷; ^nsæ (C) egkjkÆV_ (D) m®j ^nsæ ‘o:.k’ ^tkfr gS% (A) ljlkÍ d`h (B) v¥lh d`h (C) lwjteq[h d`h (D) fr¥ d`h

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

51.

52.

¥kßx d`h [srh gksrh gS% (A) ds`j¥ eÍ (B) d`ukZVd` eÍ (C) rfe¥ukMq eÍ (D) m®j ^nsæ eÍ fuEuf¥f[r oâ`O;kÍ ij fopkj d`hft,% d`ƒu (A) : Hkjr eÍ if'pe caxk¥ eN¥h d`k lcls cÈMk mRiknd` gS\ d`kj. (R) : if'pe caxk¥ ds` lkxj rV ds` fd`ukjs eRL; m»ksx lqfod`flr gS\ uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j d`k p;u d`hft,% dw`V # (A) A vkSj R nksukÍ gh lgh gß rƒk A d`h lgh O;k“;k R gS (B) A vkSj R nksukÍ lgh gß] fd`Urq A d`h lgh O;k“;k R ugÓ gS (C) A lgh gS] fd`Urq R x¥r gS (D) A x¥r gS] fd`Urq R lgh gS Hkjr eÍ pko¥ d`h [srh ds` vUrxZr lokZf|d` ”s( ik;k tkrk gS% (A) vkU|z ^nsæ eÍ (B) mÈMhlk eÍ (C) m®j ^nsæ eÍ (D) if'pe caxk¥ eÍ lokZf|d` ¥ksd`f^; [s¥ lkexzh vkrh gS% (A) ¥qf|;kuk ls (B) tk¥a|j ls (C) d`kuiqj ls (D) vkxjk ls fd`l cßd` us loZ^ƒe phu eÍ viuh æk[k [ks¥h= (A) vkbZ\Mh\ch\vkbZ\ cßd` (B) ,p\Mh\,œ`\lh\ cßd` (C) LVsV cßd` vkWœ` bf≥M;k (D) iatkc usæu¥ cßd` ,;j bafM;k rƒk bafM;u ,;j¥kbUl ds` ,d`hd`j. ds` ckn ubZ bd`kbZ fd`l uke ls tkuh tkrh gS= (A) bafM;u ,;jost (B) bafM;k ,;j¥kbUl (C) ,;j bafM;k (D) b≥Mks–,;j lgd`kjh bd`kb;kÍ d`h næk eÍ fd`l ”s( d`ks fod`kl d`h ˜∑ph nj ^kIr gqbZ= (A) phuh (B) lw(h oL( (C) twV (D) lheÍV

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/912

53.

54.

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62.

fo'o cßd` d`k eq“;k¥; gS% (A) euh¥k eÍ (B) ok¯æxVu eÍ (C) U;w;kWdZ` eÍ (D) tsusok eÍ bUlkbM V_s¯Mx lEcfU|r gS% (A) æs;j cktkj ls (B) ?qÈMnkSÈM ls (C) d`jkjksi. ls (D) vUrjkZÆV_h; O;kikj ls fefJr vƒZO;oLƒk d`k vkæ; gS% (A) ¥?q ,oa c~gnΩ m»ksxkÍ d`k lg– vfLrRo (B) lkoZtfud` ,oa futh ”s(kÍ d`k lg–vfLrRo (C) |uh ,oa fu|Zu d`k lg–vfLrRo (D) vƒZO;oLƒk eÍ Î`f" ,oa m»ksx nksukÍ d`k lao|Zu Hkjr eÍ Mht¥ ¥ksd`kseksfVo batu d`k d`kj[kuk Lƒkfir gS% (A) fprjatu eÍ (B) teæsniqj eÍ (C) okjk.lh eÍ (D) psUubZ eÍ vn~'; fu;kZr d`k vƒZ gS% (A) lsokvkÍ d`k fu;kZr (B) ^frcfU|r lkeku d`k fu;kZr (C) vf¥f[r lkeku d`k fu;kZr (D) rLd`jh ls lkeku d`k fu;kZr fo'o O;kikj laxBu d`k eq“;k¥; gS% (A) nksgk eÍ (B) tsusok eÍ (C) jkse eÍ (D) U;w;kWdZ` eÍ tkSuiqj ægj d`h Lƒkiuk fd`lus d`h ƒh= (A) eqgEen rqx¥d` (B) œ`hjkst ækg rqx¥d` (C) bczkghe ækg æd`hZ (D) fld`Unj ¥ksnh 2001 d`h tux.uk ds` vuqlkj m®j ^nsæ d`k tula“;k ?uRo gS% (A) 689 ^fr oxZ fd`¥ksehVj (B) 589 ^fr oxZ fd`¥ksehVj (C) 489 ^fr oxZ fd`¥ksehVj (D) 389 ^fr oxZ fd`¥ksehVj m®j ^nsæ eÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh tutkfr lokZf|d` tula“;k ok¥h gS= (A) lgfj;k (B) ƒkÔ (C) vxfj;k (D) ekghxhj m®j ^nsæ eÍ gß% (A) 60 ¥ksd` lHk lhV (B) 70 ¥ksd` lHk lhV

(C) 80 ¥ksd` (D) 90 ¥ksd`

lHk lhV lHk lhV 63. vkscjk rki fo»qr ds`Unz d`h Lƒkiuk fd`l nsæ ds` lg;ksx ls d`h xbZ= (A) lksfo;r Ôl (B) tkiku (C) teZuh (D) vejhd`k 64. 2001 bZ\ d`h tux.uk ds` vuqlkj m®j ^nsæ eÍ efg¥k lk”jrk nj gS% (A) 38·87 (C) 33·12 65.

66.

67.

68.

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71.

(B) 43·53 (D) 42·22

m®j ^nsæ eÍ lcls ˜∑pk ck∑| d`kSulk gS= (A) ekrk–Vh¥k (B) estk (C) fjgUn (D) jke–xaxk m®j ^nsæ eÍ ;wjsfu;e mi¥C| gS% (A) ¥f¥riqj ft¥s eÍ (B) >k∑lh ft¥s eÍ (C) fetkZiqj ft¥s eÍ (D) gehjiqj ft¥s eÍ fœ`jkstkckn fd`l mRiknu ds` f¥, eægwj gS= (A) pwfÈM;k∑ (B) rk¥s (C) pkdw` (D) twrs fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk m®j ^nsæ d`k ¥ksd`xhr ugÓ gS= (A) fcjgk (B)
Institute for Sub– Horticulture–CISH)

fLƒr gS% (A) >k∑lh eÍ (B) lgkjuiqj eÍ (C) ¥[u˜ eÍ (D) okjk.lh eÍ 72. Hkjrh; miegk}hi eÍ Î`f" ds` ^kphure lk{; d`gk∑ ls ^kIr gq, gß= (A) ¥ksƒ¥ (B) gÈMIik (C) esgjxÈ< (D) eaqfMxkd`

73.

74.

75.

76.

77.

78.

79.

80.

81.

)`Xosfnd` d`k¥ eÍ fuÆd` fd`l vax d`k vkHw". ƒk= (A) d`ku d`k (B) x¥k d`k (C) ckgq d`k (D) d`¥kbZ d`k m®j oSfnd` d`k¥ eÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ud`ks vk;Z laLÎ`fr d`k |qj le>k tkrk ƒk= (A) vax] ex| (B) d`ksl¥] fonsg (C) dq`:] iapk¥ (D) eRL;] æwjlsu fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus fxjukj ”s( eÍ t¥ lalk|u O;oLƒk ds` f¥, loZ^ƒe ig¥ d`h= (A) pUnzxqIr ekS;Z (B) væksd` (C) :nznkeuΩ (D) Ld`UnxqIr ¥qfEcuh xkSre cq* d`k tUe Lƒku ƒk] bld`k leƒZu fd`lds` ,d` vfH¥s[ ls gksrk gS= (A) væksd` (B) d`fuÆd` (C) g"Z (D) |eZik¥ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l xqIr jktk d`k ,d` vU; uke nsoxqIr ƒk= (A) leqnzxqIr (B) pUnzxqIr II (C) dq`ekjxqIr (D) mi;qZâ` eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ xksfoUnpUnz xgÈMok¥ d`h ,d` jkuh dq`ekjnsoh us |eZp∂`–ftu fogkj d`gk∑ cuok;k ƒk= (A) cks| x;k (B) jktx~g (C) dq`æhuxj (D) lkjukƒ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l oaæ }kjk ^k;# efg¥kvkÍ d`ks ^æklu eÍ mPp in ^nku fd`, tkrs ƒs= (A) pks¥ (B) pk¥qD; (C) ik¥ (D) lsu fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk jktiwr jktk laxhr ij ,d` iqLrd` ds` ¥s[d` ds` Ôi eÍ tkuk tkrk gS= (A) t;pUnz xgÈMok¥ (B) i~Fohjkt pkSgku (C) jk.k dq`EHk (D) eku¯lg fnY¥h d`k d`kSulk lqYrku eaxks¥ usrk paxst [k∑ d`k led`k¥hu ƒk= (A) bYrqrfeæ (B) jft;k

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/913

(C) (D)

82.

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89.

90.

c¥cu v¥kmˆhu f[¥th HwjktLo ^æklu ds` ”s( eÍ æsjækg ,oa vd`cj ds` e÷; fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu uSjUr;Z d`h d`ÈMh ƒk= (A) chjc¥ (B) VksMje¥ (C) Hxokunkl (D) Hkje¥ ‘‘ek( ,d` eq´h cktjs ds` pDd`j eÍ eßus viuk lkezkT; [ks fn;k gksrk\’’ bl d`ƒu d`ks vki fd`l e÷;d`k¥hu ækld` ls lEc* d`jÍxs= (A) v¥kmˆhu f[¥th (B) eksgEen rqx¥d` (C) æsjækg (D) vkSjaxtsc fd`lds` le; ls ejkBk jktk ukpht gks x;k vkSj isæok okLrfod` ækld`= (A) ck¥kth fo'oukƒ (B) ckthjko –I (C) ck¥kth jko (D) ek|o jko I tgk∑xhj us VkWel jks d`ks d`gk∑ fe¥us d`k volj fn;k ƒk= (A) vkxjk (B) vtesj (C) fnY¥h (D) œ`rsgiqj lhd`jh fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSuls ,d` laxhr ok» ctkus eÍ vkSjaxtsc d`h n”rk ƒh= (A) flrkj (B) i[kot (C) oh.k (D) mi;qZâ` eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ vkSjaxtsc ds` fd`l iq( us fonzksg d`jds` jktiwrkÍ ds` fo:* vius firk d`h fLƒfr nqcZ¥ d`j nh ƒh= (A) vkte (B) vd`cj (C) eqvTte (D) d`ke c“æ O;kikj ds` f¥, Hkjr vkus ok¥s ;ksjksih; ¥ksxkÍ eÍ ^ƒe d`kSu ƒs= (A) Mp (B) vaxzst (C) ≠`kalhlh (D) iqrZxk¥h 1843 ds` ,DV V us fd`l ckr d`ks xSjd`kuwuh cuk fn;k= (A) ck¥ fookg (B) fææq gR;k (C) lrh (D) xq¥keh fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu vle eÍ 1857 d`h ∂`kfUr d`k usrk ƒk= (A) nhoku efujke n®

(B) (C) (D)

d`UnisZ'oj ¯lg iqjUnj ¯lg fi;k¥h c:vk 91. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l ,DV }kjk Hkjr d`k æklu bZLV bf≥M;k d`Eiuh ls jkteqdq`V ds` vf|d`kj eÍ p¥k x;k= (A) xouZesUV vkWœ` bf≥M;k ,DV 1858 (B) bf≥M;u d`kmfUlYl ,DV 1861 (C) jkW;¥ VkbfVYl ,DV 1876 (D) bf≥M;u d`kmfUlYl ,DV 1892 92.

93.

94.

95.

96.

97.

98.

Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl d`h ^ƒe cSBd` d`gk∑ gqbZ ƒh= (A) cEcbZ (B) iwuk (C) enzkl (D) d`¥d`®k 1880 ds` næd` eÍ ‘bf≥M;u fejj’ v[ckj d`k ^d`kæu d`gk∑ ls gksrk ƒk= (A) cEcbZ (B) d`¥d`®k (C) enzkl (D) ikWf≥Mpsjh lqjsUnzukƒ cuthZ }kjk Lƒkfir ml laxBu d`k uke cr¥kb, ftld`k 1886 eÍ bf≥M;u usæu¥ d`kaxzsl eÍ fo¥; gks x;k% (A) bZLV bf≥M;k ,lksfl,æu (B) ¥Unu bf≥M;k lkslk;Vh (C) bf≥M;u ,lksfl,æu (D) bf≥M;u usæu¥ d`kU≠s`Ul fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus oukZD;q¥j ^sl ,DV d`k ^orZu fd`;k= (A) ¥kWMZ f¥Vu (B) ¥kWMZ fjiu (C) ¥kWMZ d`tZu (D) ¥kWMZ gs¯LVXt Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxz sl ds` lwjr vf|osæu] 1907 d`k v÷;” d`kSu ƒk= (A) vkj\ ch\ ?ks" (B) ch\ th\ fr¥d` (C) ,uh cslÍV (D) th\ ds`\ xks[¥s ¥Unu eÍ bf≥M;u gkseÔ¥ lkslk;Vh d`ks fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus p¥k;k ƒk= (A) ,uh cslÍV (B) ck¥ xaxk|j fr¥d` (C) ';keth Î`Æ. oekZ (D) eksgunkl d`jepUn xka|h Hkjr eÍ 1918 eÍ ^ƒe etnwj la? d`h Lƒkiuk d`h% (A) ,u\ ,e\ tksæh us (B) ch\ ih\ okfM;k us (C) oh\ oh\ fxfj us (D) ,l\ ,\ Mkaxs us

4.

99.

tf¥;k∑ok¥k ckx gR;kd`kaM ds` fojks| eÍ ok;ljk; d`h d`k;Zd`kfj.h ifj"nΩ d`h lnL;rk ls fd`lus bLrhœ`k ns fn;k= (A) egkRek xka|h (B) jchUnzukƒ VSxksj (C) æad`ju uk;j (D) teuk¥k¥ ctkt 100. egkRek xka|h ds` pEikju lR;kxzg d`k fd`lus fojks| fd`;k ƒk= (A) jchUnzukƒ VSxksj (B) ,u\ th\ jaxk (C) jktdq`ekj æqD¥ (D) jktsUnz ^lkn 101. xnj-i( d`k ^ƒe vad` fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l Hk"k eÍ ^d`kfær gqvk= (A) mnwZ (B) fgUnh (C) vaxzsth (D) ejkBh 102. ‘cUnh thou’ iqLrd` d`k ¥s[d` d`kSu ƒk= (A) nhucU|q fe( (B) gse pUnzkd`j (C) jke^lkn fcfLe¥ (D) æphUnz lkU;k¥ 103. Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl ls lEcfU|r fuEuf¥f[r ?VukvkÍ ij fopkj d`hft,% 1. xka|h–bfoZu le>kSrk 2. Hxr¯lg d`h œ`k∑lh 3. Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl d`k 1931 d`k d`jkph vf|osæu 4. pUnzæs[j vktkn d`h ægknr uhps fn, x, dw`V ls ?VukvkÍ d`k lgh d`k¥kuq∂`e ^kIr d`hft,% dw`V # (A) 4, 1, 2, 3 (B) 1, 2, 3, 4 (C) 2, 3, 4, 1 (D) 4, 1, 3, 2

104.

(A) (B) (C) (D) 105.

106.

107.

108.

109.

lwph-I d`ks lwph-II ls lqesf¥r d`hft, rƒk lwfp;kÍ ds` uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j d`k p;u d`hft,% lwph-I 110. (a) ,uh cslsUV (b) MkW\ jktsUnz ^lkn (c) tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ (d) vfEcd`k pj. etwenkj lwph-II 1. x~g æklu vkUnks¥u 2. pEikju lR;kxzg 3. Hkjrh; jkÆV_ h ; d`ka x z s l d`k ¥[u˜ vf|osæu] 1916

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/914

Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl d`k ¥kgkSj vf|osæu] 1929 (a) 1 1 4 3

(b) 2 2 3 2

(c) 4 3 2 1

uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j d`k p;u d`hft,% dw`V #

(d) 3 4 1 4

fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus 1935 ds` vf|fu;e ds` ckjs eÍ d`gk ƒk] ∏,d` d`kj ftleÍ czsd` rks gS ij batu ugÓπ= (A) tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ (B) lh\ jktxksik¥kpkjh (C) egkRek xka|h (D) ,l\lh\ cksl 1940 eÍ jsfMd`¥ Mseks∂s`fVd` ikVhZ d`k xBu fd`lus fd`;k= (A) bUnzlsu (B) ,e\ ,u\ jk; (C) lksesUnzukƒ VSxksj (D) æphUnzukƒ lkU;k¥ O;fâ`xr lR;kxzg fd`lds` }kjk ^kjEH fd`;k x;k= (A) egkRek xka|h (B) i±kfH lhrkje…;k (C) tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ (D) fouksck Hkos fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus xka|hth ds` vkUnks¥ukÍ d`ks ‘jktuhfrd` fœ`jkSrh’ d`gk= (A) ¥kWMZ psElœ`ksMZ (B) ¥kWMZ osc¥ (C) ¥kWMZ f¥uf¥ƒxks (D) ¥kWMZ ekaVsX;w eqfL¥e ¥hx us ‘lh|h d`k;Zokgh fnol’ euk;k% (A) 12 vxLr] 1942 d`ks (B) 16 vxLr] 1943 d`ks (C) 16 vxLr] 1946 d`ks (D) 14 vxLr] 1947 d`ks Lokrafl;ks®j d`k¥ eÍ ?fVr fuEuf¥f[r ?VukvkÍ d`ks d`k¥∂`ekuqlkj O;ofLƒr d`hft,% 1. xksok eqfâ` 2. n¥kbZ¥kek d`k Hkxd`j Hkjr vkuk 3. pkm ,u ¥kbZ d`k Hkjr eÍ vkxeu 4. [zq'pso ,oa cq¥xkfuu d`h Hkjr ;k(k

(A) (B) (C) (D)

1, 3, 2, 4 2, 1, 4, 3 3, 4, 1, 2 4, 2, 3, 1

111.

ekeY¥iqje eÍ jƒ Lekjd`kÍ ds` fuekZ. ds` f¥, fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu m®jnk;h ƒs= (A) pks¥ (B) iY¥o (C) ik≥M; (D) pk¥qD; 112. ,¥hœß`Vk ds` ^kphu Lekjd` ^k;# gß% 1. ckS* 2. tSu 3. æSo 4. oSÆ.o uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j d`k p;u d`hft,% dw`V # (A) 1 (C) 3 113.

(B) 2 (D) 1 ,oa 3

fuEuf¥f[r efUnjkÍ eÍ ls fd`ls æS¥Î`r LƒkiR; d`k vk'p;Z ekuk tkrk gS= (A) c~gnh'oj efUnj] ratkoqj (B) ¯¥xjkt efUnj] ,¥ksjk (C) dS`¥kæ efUnj] ,¥ksjk (D) d`Unfj;k egknso efUnj] [tqjkgks 114. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l Lƒku ds` [≥Mgj fot;uxj d`h ^kphu jkt|kuh d`k ^frfuf|Ro d`jrs gß= (A) vgenuxj (B) chtkiqj (C) xks¥dqa`Mk (D) gEih 115. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kS u lk ;q X e lqesf¥r ugÓ gS= (A) vd`cj d`k ed`cjk % fld`Unjk (B) tgk∑xhj d`k ed`cjk % lgnjk (C) æs[ l¥he fp'rh d`k ed`cjk % œ`rsgiqj lhd`jh (D) æs[ futkeqnΩnhu vkSf¥;k d`k ed`cjk % vtesj 116. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk Lƒku xq:ukud` d`k tUe Lƒ¥ ƒk= (A) ve~rlj (B) ukHk (C) ukud`kuk (D) ukUnsj

117.

118.

119.

120.

121.

122.

egkjktk t;¯lg II us os|æk¥k,a d`gk∑ cuokbZ ƒÓ= 1. fnY¥h 2. t;iqj 3. mTtSu 4. okjk.lh uhps ds` dw`V ls lgh m®j d`k p;u d`hft,% dw`V # (A) 1 ,oa 2 (B) 1 ,oa 3 (C) 2 ,oa 3 (D) 1, 2, 3 ,oa 4 fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus egkjkÆV_ ds` x.ifr mRlo d`k ,slk d`k;kd`Yi fd`;k fd` og ,d` jkÆV_h; mRlo gks x;k vkSj mld`k LoÔi jktuSfrd` gks x;k= (A) jkenkl (B) fæokth (C) egknso xksfoUn jkukMs (D) ck¥ xaxk|j fr¥d` Hkjr d`h ^kphu d`¥k ijEijkvkÍ d`ks iq u thZ f or d`jus ds ` f¥, ,d` ‘bf≥M;u lkslk;Vh vkWœ` vksfj;aV¥ vkVZ’ d`h Lƒkiuk d`h ƒh% (A) vcuhUnzukƒ VSxksj us (B) uUn¥k¥ cksl us (C) vflrdq`ekj g¥|j us (D) ve~rk æsjfx¥ us fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ls isfjl d`h jkW;¥ ,fæ;kfVd` lkslk;Vh d`h lnL;rk ^nku d`h xbZ ƒh= (A) nknkHkbZ ukSjksth (B) ekbds`¥ e|qlwnu n® (C) jktk jkeeksgu jk; (D) foosd`kuUn laLÎ`r ds` ^ƒe fo'ofo»k¥;h; ihB d`h Lƒkiuk loZ^ƒe d`gk∑ gqbZ ƒh= (A) bax¥S≥M eÍ (B) ≠`kal eÍ (C) teZuh eÍ (D) Ôl eÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus d`gk ƒk% ∏bZ'oj d`h bPNk ƒh fd` eß lc |eksÛ d`ks ,d` fuxkg ls ns[w∑] blhf¥, mlus nwljh vk∑[ d`h jksæuh ¥s ¥hπ= (A) egkjktk j.thr ¯lg (B) egkjktk æsj¯lg (C) egkjktk n¥hi ¯lg (D) mi;qZâ` eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/915

123.

fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l nsork d`ks 130. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l egklkxj ds` d`¥k eÍ g¥ f¥, ^nfæZr fd`;k x;k rVh; ”s( d`ks ‘Tok¥k ifjf|’ d`grs gS= gß= (A) Î`Æ. (B) c¥jke (A) va| egklkxj (C) d`kfrZds`; (D) eS(s; (B) ^ækUr egklkxj (C) fgUn egklkxj 124. fuEuf¥f[r ;qXekÍ eÍ d`kSulk lqesf¥r (D) mi;qZâ` eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ ugÓ gS= (A) tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ 131. m®j ^nsæ eÍ ‘vkWijsæu xzhu’ d`c % fgUn Lojkt ¥kxw fd`;k x;k ƒk= (B) ekS¥kuk vcq¥ d`¥ke vktkn (A) 1 tq¥kbZ] 2001 % bafM;k foUl ≠`hMe (B) 2 vDVwcj] 2001 (C) lqHk"pUnz cksl (C) 1 tq¥kbZ] 2005 % bafM;u LV_x¥ (D) 6 twu] 2006 (D) ¥k¥k ¥ktir jk; 132. lalkj ds` fd`l nsæ eÍ lajf”r Hwfe % vugSih bf≥M;k d`k loksZ®e ra( gS= 125. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ d`kSulk o"Z fnlEcj (A) phu 2009 eÍ æd` laorΩ d`k o"Z gksxk= (B) d`ksLVk jhd`k (A) 1931 (B) 1952 (C) Hkjr (C) 2066 (D) 2087 (D) fLoVΩtj¥S≥M 126. Hkjr d`k lcls NksVk nl¥k[h uxj 133. Hkjr eÍ lokZf|d` ”kjh; ”s( ik;k gS% tkrk gS% (A) ve~rlj (A) xqtjkr jkT; eÍ (B) b¥kgkckn (B) gfj;k.k jkT; eÍ (C) jktd`ksV (C) iatkc jkT; eÍ (D) fot;okÈMk (D) m®j ^nsæ jkT; eÍ 127. NksVk ukxiqj iBkj d`k lokZf|d` 134. Hkjr eÍ gkƒh ifj;kstuk d`h æqÔvkr ?uk clk ft¥k |uckn D;kÍ gS= d`h xbZ ƒh% (A) mitk˜ fe±h rƒk nkeksnj ls (A) 1968 eÍ (B) 1970 eÍ fud`k¥h xbZ ugjkÍ }kjk ¯lpkbZ d`h (C) 1972 eÍ (D) 1974 eÍ lqfo|k (B) d`ks;¥k] ¥ksgk] vHzd`] rk∑ck 135. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ;qXe lgh lqesf¥r gS= bR;kfn d`k ik;k tkuk (A) fle¥hik¥% vle (C) [uu m»ksx d`k fod`kl rƒk vkS»ksxhd`j. (B) uksd`jsd`% es?k¥; (D) mi;qZâ` lHh (C) fngkax fnckax% flfDd`e (D) vxLR;e¥kbZ% d`ukZVd` 128. Hkjr d`h tux.uk }kjk fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l oxZ ds` uxj ¥?q 136. 2001 d`h tux.uk fjiksVZ ds` vuqlkj uxjkÍ d`h Js.h eÍ lfEef¥r fd`, Hkjr eÍ iq:"–L(h vuqikr gS% tkrs gß= (A) 1000 : 930 (A) oxZ VI (B) 1000 : 934 (B) oxZ V vkSj VI (C) 1000 : 926 (C) oxZ IV, V vkSj VI (D) 1000 : 933 (D) oxZ III, IV, V vkSj VI 137. 2001 d`h tux.uk ds` vk|kj ij fd`l jkT; eÍ eq f L¥e vkcknh 129. Hkjr eÍ lokZf|d` uxj ftueÍ ef¥u lokZf|d` gS= cfLr;k∑ ^frosfnr gß] ik, tkrs gß% (A) vle (A) vkU|z ^nsæ eÍ (B) fcgkj (B) egkjkÆV_ eÍ (C) m®j ^nsæ (C) rfe¥ukMq eÍ (D) if'pe caxk¥ (D) m®j ^nsæ eÍ

138. 2001

d`h tux.uk ds` vuqlkj 147. fuEukafd`r eÍ ls d`kSulk nsæ fo'o d`h fuEuf¥f[r jkT;kÍ eÍ ls fd`leÍ ¯¥x rhljh lcls cÈMh vƒZO;oLƒk gS= vuqikr mPpre gS= (A) tkiku (B) e¥sfæ;k (A) vkU|z ^nsæ (C) Hkjr (D) phu (B) N®hlxÈ< 148. Hwe÷; js[k xqtjrh gS% (C) fgekp¥ ^nsæ (A) e÷; v≠`hd`k x.jkT; ls gksd`j (D) >kj[≥M (B) d`hfu;k ls gksd`j 139. og jkT; ftlus 1991–2001 ds` (C) lkjkokd` ls gksd`j nkSjku U;wure tula“;k o~f* nj (D) osustq,¥k ls gksd`j vafd`r d`h gS] d`kSu gS= 149. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ;qXe lgh (A) vkU|z ^nsæ (B) ds`j¥ lqesf¥r gS= (C) rfe¥ukMq (D) if'pe caxk¥ [fut mRiknd` ”s( 140. Hkjr eÍ ^ƒe fu;fer tux.uk (A) rk∑ck % ,sjhtksuk fd`l o"Z d`h xbZ= (B) d`ks;¥k % d`jktkl (A) 1921 (B) 1881 (C) ¥kSg v;Ld`` % jklruwjk (C) 1911 (D) 1931 (D) isV_ksf¥;e % Mksuokl 141. fuEuf¥f[r nsækÍ eÍ ls fd`UgÍ ‘Lof.Ze v|ZpUnz’ eÍ lfEef¥r fd`;k tkrk gS= 150. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu lf∂`; Tok¥keq[h gß= 1. vœ`xkfuLrku 1. vd`kad`kxqvk 2. bZjku 2. d`ksVksiksiSDlh 3. bjkd` 3. ,Vuk 4. ikfd`Lrku 4. Œ;wth;kek uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j d`k uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j d`k p;u d`hft,% p;u d`hft,% dw`V # dw`V # (A) 1 ,oa 2 (B) 3 ,oa 4 (A) 1 ,oa 2 (B) 3 ,oa 4 (C) 1, 2 ,oa 3 (D) 1, 2 ,oa 4 (C) 1, 2 ,oa 3 (D) 2, 3 ,oa 4 142. fuEuf¥f[r ;q X ekÍ eÍ d`kS u lgh lqesf¥r ugÓ gS= m®j O;k“;k lfgr (A) fd`Ec¥hZ % ghjk (B) foVokVlZjßM % lksuk (C) dS`Vaxk` % rk∑ck (D) lkj % ¥kSg v;Ld` 143. fuEuf¥f[r nsækÍ eÍ fd`leÍ ^tuu nj mPpre gS= (A) vœ`xkfuLrku (B) ckaX¥knsæ (C) Hkjr (D) ikfd`Lrku 144. v¥sXtsf≥M_;k leqnzi®u gS% (A) felz d`k (B) btjkb¥ d`k (C) tksMZu d`k (D) ¥hfc;k d`k 145. fuEuf¥f[r nf”. ,fæ;kbZ nsækÍ eÍ fd`ld`k tula“;k ?uRo lokZf|d` gS= (A) Jh¥ad`k (B) Hkjr (C) usik¥ (D) ikfd`Lrku 146. œ`kjl d`h [kÈMh lhek ugÓ cukrh gS% (A) cgjhu ls (B) bjkd` ls (C) dq`oSr ls (D) vkseku ls izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/916

lkekU; v÷;;u 01.

02.

03.

04.

05.

fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls ehFksu xSl ds` lzksr d`kSu gß= 1. |ku (Paddy) ds` [sr 2. d`ks;¥s d`k [uu 3. ?js¥w iæq 4. vknzZ Hwfe ”s( (Wetlands) viuk m®j uhps fn, x, dw`V d`h lgk;rk ls <∑wfÈ<,% dw`V # (A) ds`o¥ 1 vkSj 4 (B) ds`o¥ 2 vkSj 3 (C) ds`o¥ 1, 2 vkSj 3 (D) 1, 2, 3 vkSj 4 fuEuf¥f[r jksxkÍ eÍ ls d`kSu ,d` okbjl }kjk gksrk gS= (A) gStk (Cholera) (B) fMIƒhfj;k (Diphtheria) (C) fgiSVkbfVl (Hepatitis) (D) e¥sfj;k (Malaria) bUlqf¥u ,d` ^d`kj d`k% (A) ¥o. (Salt) gS (B) gkWeksZu (Hormone) gS (C) ,Utkbe (Enzyme) gS (D) foVkfeu (Vitamin) gS fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l ,d` tUrq ds` ≤n; eÍ rhu d`ksÆBd` (Chambers) gksrs gß`= (A) ˜∑V (B) dq`®k (C) eN¥h (D) es
08.

09.

10.

11.

12.

4·5 – 4·6 6·45 – 6·55 7·35 – 7·45 8·25 – 8·35

06.

fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu ,d` foVkfeu A d`k ^eq[ lzksr ugÓ gS= (A) xktj (B) vaxwj 13. (C) iihrk (D) id`k vke 07. fd`lh inkƒZ d`ks xeZ d`jus ds` nkSjku mld`k ^lkj.% (A) ds`o¥ Bksl inkƒZ eÍ gksrk gS (B) inkƒZ ds` Hkj eÍ o~f* d`jrk gS ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/920

14.

f”frt ds` fud`V lw;Z ,oa pUnzek nh?Zo~®kd`kj (Elliptical) ^rhr gksrs gß\ ;g gS% (A) viorZu (Refraction) ds` d`kj. (B) O;frd`j. ?Vuk ds` d`kj. (C) ,d` ^d`kfæd` Hze ds` d`kj. (D) mud`h okLrfod` vkÎ`fr ds` d`kj. (C) lHh nzo vkSj Bksl inkƒksÛ eÍ 15. >aMkÍ ds` ¥gjkus d`k d`kj. gS% leku nj ls gksrk gS (A) [EHs ds` æh"Z vkSj r¥h ds` (D) inkƒZ ds` ?uRo d`ks ?Vkrk gS ok;qe≥M¥h; nkc eÍ vUrj fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu d`kcZu d`k ^kÔi (B) ok;q nkc ds` fo:* ?"Z. d`"Z ugÓ gS= (C) gok d`k rhoz osx (A) [fÈM;k (B) œq`¥jhu (D) xq:Roh; (Gravitational) (C) ghjk (D) xzsœ`kbV ¯[pko fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu vf|d` ^p≥M 16. js≠`htjsVj eÍ [k» inkƒZ d`ks rktk t¥u (Burns) iSnk d`jrk gS= j[us gsrq lokZf|d` fujkin (Safest) (A) mc¥rk gqvk ikuh rkieku gS% (B) Hki (A) 4° C (B) 8° C (C) xeZ gok (C) 0° C (D) 10° C (D) lw;Z d`h fd`j.Í 17. Vh\oh\ eÍ ,d` gh ds`c¥ }kjk d`bZ pSu¥kÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ld`k ‘lksuksxzkœ`h’ d`ks ,d` lkƒ lapfjr d`juk lEHo gS% eÍ mi;ksx gksrk gS= (A) cS≥M–pkSÈMkbZ (Bandwidth) ds` (A) lw{e rjaxÍ (Microwaves) pquko d`h ^f∂`;k }kjk (B) vojâ` fd`j.Í (Infra–red (B) fœ`YVjkÍ }kjk ‘ckbZikl’ ^f∂`;k Rays) }kjk (C) ijkJO; rjaxÍ (Ultrasonic (C) vko~f® ds` cgqlads`ru foHktu waves) ^f∂`;k }kjk (D) ÷ofu rjaxÍ (Sound waves) (D) jsfM;ksrjaxkÍ d`h ekWMq¥u (ModLopkf¥r okgu fuokZrd` d`k lokZf|d` ulation) ^f∂`;k }kjk vkfo"k¥q (Most toxic) |krq ^nw"d` 18. fuEuf¥f[r ckS* xzUƒkÍ eÍ ls d`kSu gS= ‘lks¥g egktuinkÍ’ d`k mY¥s[ (A) d`kWij (B) ¥sM (Lead) d`jrk gS= (C) dS`Mfe;e (D) ejd`jh ·ikjk‚ (A) vaxq®j fud`k; d`e oksYVst ij d`k;Z d`jus ij fo»qrΩ (B) efT>e fud`k; eksVj ^k;# t¥ tkrs gß] D;kÍfd`% (C) [qnΩnd` fud`k; (A) os vf|d` fo»qrΩ |kjk [Óprs gß (D) nh? fud`k; ·^;ksx d`jrs gß‚ tks oksYVst d`h ^fr19. gÈMIiu laLÎ`fr ds` Lƒ¥ ,oa mud`h ¥ksekuqikrh gksrh gS fLƒfr lEcU|h fuEuf¥f[r ;qXekÍ eÍ (B) os vf|d` fo»qrΩ |kjk [Óprs gß ] ls d`kSu ,d` lgh lqesf¥r ugÓ gS= tks oksYVst ds` oxZew¥ d`h ^fr(A) vk¥exhjiqj % m®j ^nsæ ¥ksekuqikrh gksrh gS (B) jk[hxÈ
lgk;d` leh”k vf|d`kjh ijh{kk (2006), 23-8-2009 d`k g¥ iz'u-i(

(A) (B) (C) (D)

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

vMaeku vkSj fud`ksckj jaxwu cßd`kWd` Ygklk ‘gsfEexs’ uoik"kf.d` laLÎ`fr (Neolithic culture) d`k iqjkLƒ¥ gS% (A) d`'ehj ?kVh eÍ (B) xaxk ?kVh eÍ (C) foU÷; ”s( eÍ (D) nf”. Hkjr eÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus ‘f(–jRukÍ’ ij c¥ fn;k gS= (A) cq* us (B) euq us (C) egkohj us (D) æad`jkpk;Z us iqjkik"k.;qxhu (Palaeolithic) euq Æ ; d`k eq“; |U|k ƒk% (A) Î`f" (B) iæqik¥u (C) eN¥h id`ÈMuk (D) vk[sV vkSj laxzg fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu pUnzxqIr f}rh; ds` njckj ls lEc* ƒk= (A) gfjls. (B) vk;ZH± (C) ohjlsu (D) oklq¥ Hkjr eÍ ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx d`h loZ^ƒe Lƒkiuk fd`l vf|fu;e ds` }kjk gqbZ ƒh= (A) bf≥M;k d`kmfUl¥ ,DV] 1892 (B) xouZesUV vkWœ` bf≥M;k ,DV] 1919 (C) d`kmfUl¥ (D) xouZesUV 1935

(A) (B) (C) (D)

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

,DV] 1909 vkWœ` bf≥M;k ,DV]

27.

35.

fnY¥h ds` fd`l lqYrku us ‘fld`Unj egkuΩ’ d`h mikf| |kj. d`h ƒh= (A) v¥kmnΩnhu f[¥th (B) c¥cu 36. (C) eksgEen-fcu-rqx¥d` (D) fld`Unj ¥ksnh 28. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l lqYrku us vkxjk uxj d`h uÓo Mk¥h ƒh= (A) cg¥ks¥ ¥ksnh (B) fld`Unj ¥ksnh (C) bczkfge ¥ksnh (D) æsjækg 37. 29. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l eqx¥ lsukuk;d` ds` lkƒ fæokth us iqjU|j d`h laf| (1665 bZ \ ) ij gLrk”j fd`, ƒs= ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/921

ækbLr [k∑ fn¥sj [k∑ tloUr ¯lg t;¯lg fd`lds` le; eÍ egkjkuh foDVksfj;k d`ks dS`lj–,–fgUn d`h mikf| fe¥h ƒh= (A) dS`¯ux (B) f¥Vu (C) fjiu (D) d`tZu egkRek xka|h us viuh vkRed`ƒk (Autobiography) ew¥r# fd`l Hk"k eÍ f¥[h ƒh= (A) vaxzsth eÍ (B) xqtjkrh eÍ (C) ejkBh eÍ (D) fgUnh eÍ Hkjr ds` eq“; U;k;k|hæ tfLVl ds`\ th\ ck¥kÎ`Æ.u }kjk nsæ d`k ^ƒe ekWM¥–bZ–U;k;k¥; œ`jojh–2009 eÍ ^kjEH fd`;k x;k\ ;g ?Vuk fd`l jkT; eÍ ?Vh= (A) d`ukZVd` eÍ (B) gfj;k.k eÍ (C) xqtjkr eÍ (D) fnY¥h eÍ vuqæh¥u lfefr d`h Lƒkiuk fd`lus d`h ƒh= (A) ih\ fe(k us (B) okjhUnz ?ks" us (C) oh\ Mh\ lkojd`j us (D) ujsUnz xkslkbÛ us fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l jkT; ds` ækld` d`ks fczfVæ }kjk dq`æklu (Misgovernance) ds` cgkus l®kP;qr fd`;k x;k ƒk= (A) ukxiqj (B) >k∑lh (C) vo| (D) lrkjk d`kd`ksjh "MΩ;a( (Conspiracy) ds`l gqvk ƒk% (A) 1920 eÍ (B) 1925 eÍ (C) 1930 eÍ (D) 1935 eÍ Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl ds` ¥kgkSj vf|osæu tgk∑ ‘iw.Z Lojkt’ d`h ek∑x mBkbZ xbZ ƒh] d`h v÷;”rk fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus d`h ƒh= (A) egkRek xka|h us (B) ¥k¥k ¥ktir jk; us (C) lqHk" pUnz cksl us (D) tokgj ¥k¥ usgÔ us fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl vf|osæu eÍ ‘Hkjr NksÈMks’ ^Lrko ikl fd`;k x;k ƒk= (A) xqokgkVh vf|osæu] 1926 (B) enzkl vf|osæu] 1927

(C) (D)

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

cEcbZ vf|osæu] 1942 cEcbZ vf|osæu] 1946 fd`lus jchUnzukƒ VSxksj d`ks ‘egkuΩ ^gjh’ (Great Sentinel) d`gk ƒk= (A) egkRek xka|h us (B) MkW\ jktsUnz ^lkn us (C) ekS¥kuk vcq¥ d`¥ke vktkn us (D) lqHk" pUnz cksl us ‘gw os;j n æwnzkt’ uked` iqLrd` d`k ¥s[d` d`kSu ƒk= (A) egkRek T;ksfrck œq`¥s (B) ch\ vkj\ vEcsMd`j (C) egkRek xka|h (D) mi;qZâ` eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ls ‘Hkjr NksÈMks vkUnks¥u’ d`h ukf;d`k d`gk tkrk gS= (A) lqpsrk Î`i¥kuh d`ks (B) ljksftuh uk;Mw d`ks (C) ˜"k esgrk d`ks (D) v:.k vklœ` v¥h d`ks fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk usrk Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl d`k d`Hh Hh v÷;” ugÓ jgk= (A) MkW\ jktsUnz ^lkn (B) xksik¥ Î`Æ. xks[¥s (C) vkpk;Z Î`i¥kuh (D) ck¥ xaxk|j fr¥d` Hkjr ds` foHktu d`ks LohÎ`fr nsus ok¥s 14 twu] 1947 ds` d`kaxzsl ds` fnY¥h vf|osæu ds` v÷;” ƒs% (A) vkpk;Z ts\ ch\ Î`i¥kuh (B) tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ (C) jktsUnz ^lkn (D) ljnkj oY¥HHkbZ iVs¥ ‘lR; æks|d` lekt’ ds` laLƒkid` ƒs% (A) HkLd`jjko tkno (B) xksik¥ ckcw o¥kax (C) T;ksfrck œq`¥s (D) Jh ukjk;. xq: f[¥kœ`r vkUnks¥u ds` ^eq[ usrk ƒs% 1. eksgEen v¥h 2. ækSd`r v¥h 3. f¥;kd`r v¥h 4. vcq¥ d`¥ke vktkn fuEuf¥f[r dw`V ls lgh m®j pqfu,% dw`V # (A) 1, 2, 3 (C) 1, 2

(B) 2, 3 (D) 1, 2, 4

45.

v^S¥ 1916 eÍ Lƒkfir ‘bf≥M;u gkseÔ¥ ¥hx’ d`k fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu ^ƒe v÷;” ƒk= (A) ,uh csls≥V (B) ch\ th\ fr¥d` (C) tkstsœ` cSifVLVk (D) ,u\ lh\ ds`¥d`j 46. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu vf[¥ Hkjrh; d`kaxzsl d`k v÷;” ¥xkrkj N# o"ksÛ rd` jgk= (A) tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ (B) nknkHkbZ ukSjksth (C) vcq¥ d`¥ke vktkn (D) xksik¥ Î`Æ. xks[¥s 47. Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl ds` mnkjoknh rƒk d`VΩVjoknh ^oxZ mlds` fd`l vf|osæu eÍ iqu# ,d`tqV gq, ƒs= (A) 1922 % d`jkph vf|osæu (B) 1916 % ¥[u˜ vf|osæu (C) 1921 % cEcbZ vf|osæu (D) 1920 % d`¥d`®k vf|osæu 48. lwph-I vkSj lwph-II d`ks lqesf¥r d`hft, rƒk uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j pqfu,% lwph -I (a) vcq¥ d`¥ke vktkn (b) fœ`jkstækg esgrk (c) ,uh csls≥V (d) egkRek xka|h lwph -II 1. ckWEcs ∂`ksfud`¥ 2. v¥–fg¥k¥ 3. ;ax bf≥M;k 4. U;w bf≥M;k dw`V # (A) (B) (C) (D)

(a) 2 4 2 4

(b) 1 1 3 1

(c) 4 3 4 2

(B)

51.

52.

53.

54.

(d) 3 2 1 3

49.

fnukad` 20 œ`jojh] 1947 d`ks 55. ^|kuea(h ,V¥h us fczfVæ ljd`kj d`k Hkjr NksÈM nsus d`k fu.Z; ?ksf"r fd`;k fo¥Ecre% (A) flrEcj 1947 rd` (B) tuojh 1948 rd` (C) vxLr 1948 rd` 56. (D) twu 1948 rd` 50. Hkjrh; laln d`h d`k;Zokgh eÍ ‘æwU; d`k¥’ (Zero Hour) d`k vƒZ gS% (A) l( d`k ^ƒe ?≥Vk ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/922

tc foæs"kf|d`kj ^Lrko LohÎ`r gksrk gS (C) ^'ud`k¥ ds` iwoZ d`k d`k¥ (D) ^'ud`k¥ ds ` vUr vkSj d`k;Zlwph eÍ f¥[s nwljs fo";kÍ ·,tsUMk‚ ds` chp d`k le; fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk d`ƒu lgh ugÓ gS= (A) jkÆV_ifr laln d`ks lansæ Hst ld`rs gß (B) jkÆV_ifr laln ds` ^R;sd` lnu d`ks cq¥k (Summon) ld`rs gß (C) jkÆV_ifr laln d`k vax ugÓ gß (D) jkÆV_ifr ¥ksd` lHk d`ks fo?fVr d`j ld`rs gß eq“; pquko vk;qâ` d`ks inP;qr fd`;k tk ld`rk gS% (A) laln ds` nksukÍ lnukÍ ds` ^R;sd` ds` nks-frgkbZ cgqer }kjk (B) Hkjr ds` eq“; U;k;k|hæ ds` ijeæZ ls Hkjr ds` jkÆV_ifr }kjk (C) ml ^f∂`;k }kjk tks loksZPp U;k;k¥; ds` U;k;k|hækÍ ds` inΩP;qfr ds` lEcU| eÍ ¥kxw gksrh gS (D) eaf(ifj"nΩ ds` ijkeæZ ij Hkjr ds` jkÆV_ifr }kjk Hkjrh; lafo|ku LiÆV Ôi ls ‘^sl d`h Lora(rk’ d`h O;oLƒk ugÓ d`jrk gS] ijUrq ;g Lora(rk vUrfuZfgr gS% (A) vuqPNsn 19 (i) ·v‚ eÍ (B) vuqPNsn 19 (i) ·c‚ eÍ (C) vuqPNsn 19 (i) ·l‚ eÍ (D) vuqPNsn 19 (i) ·n‚ eÍ dq`N ew¥ vf|d`kj lSfud` c¥ ds` lnL;kÍ d`ks ^kIr ugÓ gß\ bl fo"; ij fu.Z; ¥sus d`k vf|d`kj fd`ls ^kIr gS= (A) jkÆV_ifr d`ks (B) j”kea(h d`ks (C) laln d`ks (D) Hkjr ds` eq“; U;k;k|hæ ls ijkeæZ ls jkÆV_ifr d`ks mijkÆV_ifr insu (Ex-Officio) v÷;” gksrk gS% (A) jkT; lHk d`k (B) jkÆV_h; fod`kl ifj"nΩ d`k (C) ;kstuk vk;ksx d`k (D) mi;qZâ` eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ Hkjr eÍ ;q* ?ksf"r d`jus vƒok ækfUr le>kSrs d`k fu.Z; ¥sus gsrq fof| ds` vuqlkj d`kSu l”e gS= (A) ^|kuea(h (B) laln (C) jkÆV_ifr (D) eaf(ifj"nΩ

57.

58.

59.

60.

61.

62.

63.

64.

lafo|ku d`k 52ok∑ laæks|u lEcfU|r gS% (A) n¥cn¥ (Defection) ls (B) vkj”. (Reservation) ls (C) fuokZpu (Election) ls (D) vYila“;d`kÍ (Minorities) ds` laj”. ls os fo";] ftu ij ds`Unz vkSj jkT; ljd`kjÍ nksukÍ d`kuwu cuk ld`rh gß] mfY¥f[r gS% (A) la? lwph (Union List) eÍ (B) jkT; lwph (State List) eÍ (C) leorhZ lwph (Concurrent List) eÍ (D) vofæÆV lwph (Residuary List) eÍ Hkjr ds` jkÆV_ifr ds` fjâ`-Lƒku d`k Hjk tkuk vko';d` gS% (A) 90 fnukÍ eÍ (B) 6 eghukÍ eÍ (C) 1 o"Z eÍ (D) laln }kjk fu|kZfjr vof| eÍ Hkjr us ‘leorhZ lwph’ (Concurrent List) d`k fopkj x~ghr fd`;k ƒk% (A) ;w\ ,l\ ,\ ds` lafo|ku ls (B) fLoVΩtj¥S≥M ds` lafo|ku ls (C) vkLV_sf¥;k ds` lafo|ku ls (D) ;w\ ,l\ ,l\ vkj\ ds` lafo|ku ls vk;kr–fu;kZr (EXIM) cßd` Lƒkfir gqvk ƒk% (A) 1981 eÍ (B) 1982 eÍ (C) 1985 eÍ (D) 1989 eÍ orZeku eÍ Hkjr eÍ gß% (A) 21 jkT; rƒk 11 la? ”s( (B) 24 jkT; rƒk 7 la? ”s( (C) 25 jkT; rƒk 9 la? ”s( (D) 28 jkT; rƒk 7 la? ”s( ‘vke vkneh chek ;kstuk’ lkekftd` lqj”k ^nku d`jrh gS% (A) xzkeh. ”s( ds` leLr Jfed`kÍ d`ks (B) ægjh ”s( ds` leLr Jfed`kÍ d`ks (C) xzkeh. ”s( ds` leLr Hwfeghu Jfed`] tks xjhch js[k ds` uhps gß] d`ks (D) mi;qZâ` lHh d`ks jkstxkj ds` n~fÆVd`ks. ls m®j ^nsæ eÍ lcls cÈMk m»ksx gS% (A) fe¥ fufeZr oL( (B) peZ (Leather) m»ksx (C) lhesUV m»ksx (D) gƒd`j?k (Handloom)

65.

¥ksd` lHk fuokZpu 2009 eÍ vf|d`re dS`UMhMsVΩl d`h la“;k ftuds` i” eÍ bZ\ oh\ ,El }kjk oksV Mk¥s tk ld`rs gß ftlls vf|d` la“;k eÍ ernku i( 72. d`k ^;ksx vko';d` gksxk] og gS% (A) 60 (C) 56

66.

67.

68.

69.

70.

71.

(B) 64 (D) 58

‘cßd` nj’ og C;kt nj gS ftl ij% (A) O;kikfjd` cßd` turk d`ks )`. nsrs gß (B) O;kikfjd` cßd`] O;kikfjd` cßd`kÍ d`ks )`. nsrs gß (C) O;kikfjd` cßd` lgd`kjh cßd`kÍ d`ks )`. nsrs gß (D) ds`Unzh; cßd` O;kikfjd` cßd`kÍ ds` fc¥kÍ d`k iqucZVΩVk (Rediscount) d`jrk gS ml Hkjrh; vƒZækL(h d`k uke crkb, ftls ∏f¥;ksufVœ` (Leontif) vokMZ] 2009π ls lEekfur fd`;k x;k gS\ xr le; eÍ bl vokMZ ls ts\ ds`\ xS¥czsƒ] veR;Z lsu vkfn d`ks lEekfur fd`;k x;k ƒk% (A) MkW\ eksUVsd` ¯lg vg¥wokf¥;k (B) lh\ jaxjktu (C) ækUrk flUgk (D) chuk vxzok¥ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk d`ƒu lgh ugÓ gS= (A) xUuk e¥sfæ;k d`h ,d` ^eq[ ckxkuh œ`l¥ gS (B) ?kuk eÍ d`ksd`ks d`h Î`f" ¥ksd`f^; gS (C) d`gok czkth¥ d`h ,d` egRoiw.Z ckxkuh œ`l¥ gS (D) Jh¥ad`k pk; ds` mRiknu gsrq ^fl* gS œq`Ygj >h¥] Hkjr ds` fd`l jkT; eÍ fLƒr gS= (A) e÷; ^nsæ eÍ (B) m®jk[≥M eÍ (C) fcgkj eÍ (D) m®j ^nsæ eÍ fn¥h jkt|kuh gS% (A) mtcsfd`Lrku d`h (B) iwohZ freksj d`h (C) d`Ètkfd`Lrku d`h (D) ¥kvksl d`h [dZ` }hi rs¥ fu;kZr d`k ^eq[ VfeZul gS% (A) bZjku eÍ

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/923

73.

74.

75.

76.

(B) (C) (D)

bjkd` eÍ 77. d`uSfM;u iSflfœ`d` js¥os p¥rh gS% dq`oSr eÍ (A) Mq¥qƒ vkSj ekWfUV__;¥ ds` e÷; l˜nh vjfc;k eÍ (B) lLd`Vwu vkSj D;wcsd` ds` e÷; (C) fl;kfV¥ vkSj fouhisx ds` e÷; tula“;k ?uRo d`ks ns[rs gq, 2001 d`h tux.uk ds` vuqlkj fuEuf¥f[r (D) cßdq`oj ,oa gSf¥œS`Dl ds` e÷; pkj jkT;kÍ d`ks vkjksgh ∂`e (Ascend- 78. Hkjr eÍ bZjh vkSj ew∑xk jsæe d`k ing Order) eÍ O;ofLƒr d`hft,\ uhps lcls cÈMk mRiknd` gS% fn, x, dw`V d`h lgk;rk ls viuk (A) vkU|z ^nsæ (B) d`ukZVd` m®j pqfu,% (C) vle (D) if'pe caxk¥ 1. if'pe caxk¥ 2. iatkc 3. egkjkÆV_ 4. rfe¥ukMq 79. lokZf|d` egRoiw.Z ;wjsfu;e v;Ld` fu”si fLƒr gß% dw`V # (A) tSjs eÍ (B) d`ukMk eÍ (A) 2, 1, 3, 4 (B) 3, 4, 1, 2 (C) phu eÍ (D) ikfd`Lrku eÍ (C) 4, 3, 2, 1 (D) 3, 4, 2, 1 80. d`ƒu (A) : Hkjr eÍ nsæ d`h Hkoh gkseqZt t¥laf| tksÈMrh gS% ˜tkZ ek∑x d`h vkiwfrZ d`k lcls (A) vjc lkxj vkSj vkseku d`h [kÈMh vkæk^n lzksr v.q ˜tkZ gS\ d`ks d`kj. (R) : Hkjr eÍ v.q [fut (B) vjc lkxj vkSj ¥k¥ lkxj d`ks loZ( lq¥H gß\ (C) œ`kjl d`h [kÈMh vkSj vkseku d`h uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j pqfu,% [kÈMh d`ks dw `V # (D) ¥k¥ lkxj vkSj vnu d`h [kÈMh d`ks (A) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lgh gß rƒk (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS isfjuht ik;k tkrk gS% (B) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lgh gß] (A) ≠`kal vkSj teZuh ds` chp ijUrq (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k (B) ≠`kal vkSj bV¥h ds` chp ugÓ gS (C) Lisu vkSj ≠`kal ds` chp (C) (A) lgh gS] ijUrq (R) x¥r gS (D) Lisu vkSj iqrZxk¥ ds` chp (D) (A) x¥r gS] ijUrq (R) lgh gS lwph-I vkSj lwph-II d`ks lqesf¥r 81. fo'o eÍ lokZf|d` O;Lr lkeqfnzd` O;kod`hft, rƒk uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh lkf;d` ekxZ (Ocean Trade Route) m®j pqfu,% gS% lwph -II (A) iukek ugj lwph -I ·cUnjxkg‚ ·nsæ‚ (B) Lost ugj (C) ds`i vkWœ` xqM gksi (a) v¥ ok> 1. bZjku (D) m®jh vV¥kfUVd` (b) cUnj vCckl 2. btjkb¥ (c) nksgk 3. d`rj 82. m®j ^nsæ eÍ xjhch js[k ls uhps jgus ok¥kÍ d`k lcls d`e ^frær gS% (d) gSœ`k 4. l˜nh vjfc;k (A) vkxjk eÍ (B) ckxir eÍ dw`V # (C) ¥[u˜ eÍ (D) esjB eÍ (a) (b) (c) (d) (A) 4 3 2 1 83. fuEukafd`r eÍ ls d`kSu ,d` d`ƒu lgh (B) 4 1 3 2 gS= (C) 2 3 4 1 (A) vaMeku ,oa fud`ksckj }hi ^ok¥fHf® (Coral) mRif® ok¥s gß (D) 1 4 3 2 (B) ekWfjæl }hi ^ok¥fHf® (Coral tq¥kbZ 2009 eÍ] ,e\ ih\ ljd`kj us Reef) mRif® ok¥k gS ,d` fd`¥ksehVj ¥Ech xqœ`k ftld`k (C) fgUn egklkxj eÍ vf|d`kaæ }hi uke ‘e~xsUnzukƒ xqœ`k’ j[k x;k] egk}hi (Continental) ^d`kj ds` gß ftleÍ HhecsVd`k ds` leku ’jkWd` (D) ¥”}hi }hi Tok¥keq[h; isfUVaXl’ gS] fd` [kst d`h ?ks".k d`h\ (Volcanic) mRif® ok¥s gß ml tuin d`k uke crkb, ftleÍ ;g xqœ`k fLƒr gS% 84. ‘es?k V_kWfid`’ D;k gS= (A) tc¥iqj (B) bUnkSj (A) Hkjr ,oa ≠`kal }kjk fod`flr (C) jk;lsu (D) mTtSu fd`, tkus ok¥k ^Lrkfor mixzg

ftld`k vkæ; v;uo~®kÍ ds` chp ds` (A) xkSre xEHhj 99. bfUnjk xka|h ækfUr iqjLd`kj 2008 ds` ^nsækÍ ij fuxjkuh j[uk gksxk f¥, fd`ls pquk x;k gS= (B) ohjsUnz lgokx (B) d`dZ` js[k ds` vklikl p¥us ok¥h (A) xkMZu czkmu d`ks (C) tghj [ku gok,a (B) eksgEen v¥-cjnsbZ d`ks (D) gjHtu ¯lg (C) ÷ofu d`h xfr ls rst p¥us ok¥h (C) gkfen d`jtbZ d`ks 92. Hkjr d`h 11 fd`¥ksehVj ¥Ech] lcls ≠`kalhlh ,;j∂`kŒV (D) fud`ks¥l ljd`ksth d`ks vf|d` ¥EckbZ ok¥h igkÈMh js¥–lqjax (D) mi;qZâ` eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ tq¥kbZ 2009 eÍ ¥xHx iwjh fufeZr 100. vejhd`h jkÆV_ifr pqus tkus ds` iwoZ 85. tux.uk 2001 ds` vuqlkj Hkjr eÍ gksus d`ks ƒh\ lqjax tks cfugk¥ ls cjkd` vksckek lkaln (Senator) ƒs% tula“;k ?uRo D;k ƒk= ^kjEH gksrh gS] d`k vUr gS% (A) d`ks¥ksjkMks ls (A) 319 (B) 320 (A) ckjkew¥k (B) d`kthxq≥M (B) Œ¥ksfjMk ls (C) 322 (D) 324 (C) m|eiqj (D) Jhuxj (C) bf¥uk;l ls 86. ml nsæ d`k uke crkb, ftlds` 93. Mh\ vkj\ Mh\ vks \ }kjk fod`flr (D) tkWftZ;k ls jkÆV_ifr 60 oÍ x.ra( fnol ijsM cS f ¥fLVd` felkb¥ vfXu III d`h (26–01–2009) ds` eq“; vfrfƒ ƒs= m®j O;k“;k lfgr ekjd` ”erk 3000 fd`eh gS\ vfXu (A) Vd`hZ IV fod`flr d`h tk jgh gS\ vfXu IV (B) fp¥h d`h ^Lrkfor ekjd` ”erk D;k gS= (C) d`tkfd`Lrku (A) 3500 fd`eh (B) 4500 fd`eh (D) mi;qZâ` eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ (C) 5500 fd`eh (D) 6000 fd`eh 87. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l m»ksxifr d`ks 2008 eÍ inΩe foHw". ls lEekfur 94. ch¯tx vks¥fEid` 2008 d`k vkWfœ`fæ;¥ æqHad`j (Mascot) D;k ƒk= fd`;k x;k= (A) usos (Neve) (A) vfu¥ vEckuh (B) bÈÈTth (Izzy) (B) eqds`æ vEckuh (C) œq`vk (Fuwa) (C) jkgq¥ ctkt (D) jru uo¥ VkVk (D) mâ` eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 88. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`u Hkjrh; jkT;kÍ 95. fiPpkuosoÓ (95th) Hkjrh; foKku eÍ œ`jojh–ekpZ 2008 eÍ fo|ku lHk d`kaxzsl vk;ksftr d`h xbZ% ds` pquko gq, ƒs= (A) cax¥kSj eÍ (A) xqtjkr] fgekp¥ ^nsæ] iatkc (B) ubZ fnY¥h eÍ (B) es?k¥;] uxk¥S≥M] f(iqjk (C) eqEcbZ eÍ (C) d`ukZVd`] e÷; ^nsæ] uxk¥S≥M (D) foæk[ki®ue eÍ (D) xksvk] egkjkÆV_] rfe¥ukMq 96. eqEcbZ eSjkƒu 2008 ds` fotsrk ƒs% 89. iqLrd` ‘lh vkWœ` ikWiht’ (Sea of (A) gs¥h xsczfl¥klh Poppies) ds` ¥s[d` d`k uke crkb,% (B) tkWu ds`¥kbZ (A) vferko ?ks" (C) fœ`¥seku ckWbV (B) vjfoUn vfMxk (D) jke¯lg ;kno (C) psru Hxr 97. feæu 2007 ‘^R;sd` xk∑o ,d` Kku (D) fod`kl LoÔi ds`Unz vkUnks¥u’ d`h Hkjr eÍ fuEu90. ,¥ vd`h¥k ds` ckjs eÍ fuEu d`ƒukÍ f¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lds` }kjk vxqvkbZ ij fopkj d`hft, vkSj crkb, fd` d`h tk jgh gS= bueÍ ls d`kSu ,d` lgh gS= (A) ,e\ ,l\ Lokehukƒu (A) ;g Ôekfu;k d`k ,d` ^fl* (B) lSe fi(ksnk nqxZ gS (C) ,\ih\ts\ vCnq¥ d`¥ke (B) ;g ≠`kal d`k ,d` ^fl* nqxZ gS (D) mâ` eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ (C) ;g bV¥h eÍ ,d` Lƒ¥ gS 98. o"Z 2008 d`k vƒZækL( eÍ ukscs¥ (D) ;g Lisu eÍ ,d` Lƒ¥ gS iqjLd`kj ^nku fd`;k x;k gS% 91. v^S¥ 2009 eÍ foÈtMsu fo'o VsLV (A) ¥s D¥sft;ks d`ks XI d`h ?ks".k d`h xbZ ftleÍ 5 (B) ekfVZu pSYœ`h d`ks Hkjrh; f∂`ds`V f[¥kÈMh lfEef¥r (C) ekfVZu vgfrlkjh d`ks fd`, x, gß\ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu f[¥kÈMh mleÍ lfEef¥r ugÓ gS= (D) ik¥ ∂S`xeSu d`ks ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/924

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16.

lkekU; tkud`kjh ·Le~fr ij vk|kfjr‚

1.

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Hkjrh; fjtoZ cßd` d`jÍlh uksV tkjh d`jrk gS% (A) fu;r izR;;h iz.k¥h ds` vUrxZr (B) vf|d`re izR;;h iz.k¥h ds` vUrxZr (C) fu;r U;wure vkj{k. iz.k¥h ds` vUrxZr (D) vuq i krh vkj{k. iz . k¥h ds ` vUrxZr d`kS u lk fnu vUrjkZ Æ V_ h ; ekuo vf|d`kj fnol gS = (A) 10 fnlEcj (B) 24 vDVwcj (C) 25 uoEcj (D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ Hh ugÓ 1959 rd` ikfd`Lrku d`h jkt|kuh ƒh% (A) bL¥kekckn (B) d`jkph (C) ¥kgkSj (D) gSnjkckn Hkjr d`h flf¥d`kWu oS¥h fLƒr gS% (A) nsgjknwu eÍ (B) cßx¥wj eÍ (C) gSnjkckn eÍ (D) Jhuxj eÍ ‘‘bf≥M;k foUt œz`hMe’’ iqLrd` ds` ¥s[d` gß% (A) dq`¥nhi uÚ;j (B) ekS¥kuk vcq¥ d`¥ke vktkn (C) tokgj ¥k¥ usgÔ (D) bafnjk xka|h tokgj jkstxkj ;kstuk fdz`;kfUor d`h tkrh gS% (A) xzke iapk;rkÍ }kjk (B) ft¥k d`¥DVjkÍ }kjk (C) jkT; ljd`kjkÍ }kjk (D) ds`Unzh; ljd`kj }kjk ¥ksd` lHk vk;ksftr d`jus ds` f¥, visf{kr x.iwfrZ ·d`ksje‚ D;k gS = (A) 1/6 (C) 1/10

8.

(B) 1/8 (D) 1/5

(A) (B) (C) (D)

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jkÆV_ifr iz|kuea(h foi{k d`k usrk fup¥s lnu d`k v÷;{k xka|hth ds` fons'kh oLrqvkÍ ds` cfgÆd`kj ds` vkUnks¥u d`k ¥{; ƒk% (A) iw.Z Lora(rk (B) fczfV'k-fojks|h Hkouk iSnk d`juk (C) d`Y;k.-jkT; d`ks izksRlkgu (D) dq`Vhj m»ksxkÍ d`ks izksRlkgu Hkjr ds` jkÆV_ifr in ds` f¥, fu|kZfjr vf|d`re vk;q lhek D;k gS`= (A) 58 o"Z (B) 60 o"Z (C) 62 o"Z (D) d`ksbZ vf|d`re vk;q lhek ugÓ gS` lqYrku vt¥u 'kkg gkWd`h VwukZesUV 2009 d`k œ`kbu¥ [s¥k x;k ƒk = (A) Hkjr vkSj e¥sf'k;k ds` chp (B) Hkjr vkSj ikfd`Lrku ds` chp (C) ikfd`Lrku vkSj e¥sf'k;k ds` chp (D) e¥sf'k;k vkSj tkiku ds` chp 2011 fdz`ds`V fo'o d`i d`k vkfrF; la;qDr Ôi ls fd`;k tk,xk% (A) Hkjr] Jh¥ad`k] ikfd`Lrku vkSj ckaX¥kns'k }kjk (B) Hkjr] Jh¥ad`k vkSj ckaX¥kns'k }kjk (C) ckaX¥kns'k] ikfd`Lrku vkSj Jh¥ad`k }kjk (D) ckaX¥kns'k] ikfd`Lrku vkSj Hkjr }kjk fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l Hkjrh; jkT; d`h jktHk"k vaxzsth gS = (A) uxk¥S≥M (B) f(iqjk (C) vle (D) ef.iqj lwpuk d`k vf|d`kj vf|fu;e fd`l o"Z ikfjr gqvk ƒk = (A) 2001 (C) 2004

(B) 2005 (D) 2002

lalnh; izd`kj d`h ljd`kj eÍ ‘‘og 15. Hkjr eÍ FERA d`k Lƒku ¥s f¥;k gS% (A) FEMA us (B) FETA us cjkcj ok¥kÍ eÍ ig¥k gksrk gS\’’ og d`kSu gS = (C) FENA us (D) FELA us

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/927

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vkbZlhlh }kjk ‘o"Z 2008 d`k mHjrk gqvk f[¥kÈMh’ iqjLd`kj Jh¥ad`k ds` fd`l fdz`ds`Vj d`ks fn;k x;k ƒk = (A) vtark eÍfMl (B) eqfƒ;kg eqj¥h|ju (C) lh\ d`iqxsMsjk (D) ,e\ esgÔœ` in ‘ih lh’ d`k vƒZ gS% (A) izkbosV d`EI;wVj (B) ilZu¥ d`EI;wVj (C) izksœs`'ku¥ d`EI;wVj (D) ilZu¥ dS`Ydq`¥sVj foLMsu }kjk fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l Hkjrh; fdz`ds`Vj d`ks ‘2008 d`k ¥h¯Mx fdz`ds`Vj’ ?ksf"r fd`;k x;k gS`= (A) ,e\ ,l\ |ksuh (B) ohjsUnz lgokx (C) vfu¥ dqa`c¥s (D) lkSjH xkaxq¥h blzks (ISRO) d`k orZeku v÷;{k d`kSu gS= (A) th\ ek|ou uk;j (B) vfu¥ d`kd`ksnd`j (C) eksgu ,l\ 'ks±h (D) ,e\ vj¯one Jh ,u\ xksik¥Lokeh d`h lsokfuo~f® ds` ckn eq“; pquko vk;qDr d`k in fd`lus lEHk¥k gS = (A) oh\ ,l\ lair (B) ,l\ okbZ\ dq`jS'kh` (C) uohu pko¥k (D) ,e\ ,l\ fx¥ cjkcj vUrjk¥kÍ ij mlh ˜∑pkbZ ds` LƒkukÍ d`ks tksÈMus ok¥h d`kYifud` js[k,∑ gksrh gß% (A) gS';wj (B) da`Vwj (C) LikWV-gkbV (D) vkblksej iqLrd` ‘ekbZ ,DlisfjeÍVΩl fon V_qƒ’ ds` ¥s[d` gß% (A) ekS¥kuk vcq¥ d`¥ke vktkn (B) xksfoUn oY¥H iar (C) eks\ d`\ xka|h (D) rkjk v¥h csx n VkbEl vkWœ` bf≥M;k losZ{k. }kjk fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l iz f l¨ O;olk;h d`ks ‘fctul ilZu vkWœ` fn bZ;j 2008’ ekuk x;k gS = (A) jru VkVk (B) jkgq¥ ctkt

(C) (D) 24.

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vkfnR; fcÈM¥k ¥{eh fe®¥ fd`lh vƒZO;oLƒk eÍ eqnzk ds` ewY; vkSj d`her Lrj ds` chp lEcU| gksrk gS% (A) vuq¥kse ·Mk;jsDV‚ (B) izfr¥kse ·buolZ‚ (C) lekuqikfrd (D) fLƒj ewY;Ökl fd`lds` cjkcj gksrk gS = (A) ld`¥ jkÆV_h; mRikn%fuo¥ jkÆV_h; mRikn (B) fuo¥ jkÆV_h; mRikn%ld`¥ jkÆV_h; mRikn (C) ld`¥ jkÆV_h; mRikn%oS;fDrd` vk; (D) oS;fDrd` vk;%oS;fDrd` d`j fd`lh vƒZO;oLƒk eÍ {ks(kÍ d`ks lkoZtfud` vkSj futh eÍ fd`l vk|kj ij oxhZd~`r fd`;k tkrk gS = (A) jkstxkj d`h 'krsÛ (B) vkfƒZd` xfrfof|;kÍ d`k LoÔi (C) m»ekÍ d`k LokfeRo (D) d`Pph lkefxz;kÍ d`k iz;ksx LVSxŒ¥s'ku fLƒfr gS% (A) xfrjks| vkSj voLœ`hfr d`h (B) xfrjks| vkSj eanh d`h (C) xfrjks| vkSj eqnzkLœ`hfr d`h (D) xfrjks| vkSj iqu:Rƒku d`h jktLƒku eÍ [srÈMh fd`lds` f¥, izfl¨ gS = (A) d`kWij d`h [nkuÍ (B) ekbd`k d`h [nkuÍ (C) ckWDlkbV d`h [nkuÍ (D) pwuk-iRƒj d`h [nkuÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh unh Tokjuneq[ ·,Lpq,jh‚ cukrh gS = (A) ueZnk (B) d`kosjh (C) d~`Æ.k (D) egkunh Hkjrh; e:Lƒ¥ d`h ,d` egRoiw.Z unh gS% (A) ¥wuh (B) ueZnk (C) d~`Æ.k (D) C;kl ukxktqZulkxj ck∑| d`k fuekZ. fd`l unh ij gqvk gS = (A) d~`Æ.k (B) pEc¥ (C) d`kslh (D) lr¥qt vka|z izns'k eÍ vuariqj ft¥k fd`lds` f¥, izfl¨ gS =

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/928

(A) (B) (C) (D) 33.

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rk∑ck ·d`kWij‚ tLrk ·¯td`‚ vHzd` ·ekbd`k‚ Lo.Z ·xksYM‚ cgknqj 'kkg ƒk% (A) vfUre ¥ks|h 'kkld` (B) 'ksj'kkg lwjh d`k m®jkf|d`kjh (C) vfUre eqx¥ 'kkld` (D) ejkBk 'kkld` f'kokth d`k m®jkf|d`kjh eax¥ ikaMs us 1857 ds` fonzksg d`h ig¥h xks¥h p¥kbZ ƒh% (A) cSjd`iqj eÍ (B) esjB eÍ (C) d`kuiqj eÍ (D) >k∑lh eÍ ftu lalk|ukÍ d`k iz;ksx ckj-ckj fujUrj fd`;k tk ld`rk gS] mUgÍ d`gk tkrk gS% (A) tSo (B) vtSo (C) vuohd`j.h; (D) uohd`j.h; ds`j¥ ds` rV d`ks d`grs gß% (A) d`kÍd`. rV (B) ek¥kckj rV (C) d`ksjkseaM¥ rV (D) ds`ukjk rV lk∑ph d`k egkuΩ Lrwi gS% (A) m®j izns'k eÍ (B) e÷; izns'k eÍ (C) v:.kp¥ izns'k eÍ (D) vka|z izns'k eÍ d`¥kukSj eÍ jkT;kfH"sd` ds` le; vd`cj d`h vk;q fd`ruh ƒh = (A) lok rsjg (B) iUnzg (C) vBkjg (D) chl vk;Z l˙;rk eÍ euqÆ; ds` thou ds` vk;q ds` vkjksgh dz`ekuqlkj fuEuf¥f[r pj.kÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk fod`Yi lgh gS = (A) cz©p;Z%x~gLƒ%okuizLƒ%laU;kl (B) x~gLƒ% cz©p;Z%okuizLƒ%laU;kl (C) cz©p;Z%okuizLƒ%laU;kl%x~gLƒ (D) x~gLƒ% laU;kl%okuizLƒ%cz©p;Z fd`lus d`gk ƒk] ‘Lojkt esjk tUefl¨ vf|d`kj gS vkSj eß bls ¥sd`j jgw∑xk’`= (A) eks\ d`\ xka|h (B) ch\ th\ fr¥d` (C) th\ ds`\ xks[¥s (D) ch\ vkj\ vEcsMd`j

41.

‘pjd`’ fd`lds` njckj eÍ izfl¨ fpfd`Rld` ƒk = (A) g"Z (B) panzxqIr ekS;Z (C) v'kksd` (D) d`fuÆd` 42. jDr ds` AB—oxZ ok¥k O;fDr ,sls O;fDr d`ks jDrnku d`j ld`rk gS ftlds` jDr d`k oxZ gks% (A) A (C) AB 43.

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46.

47.

if{k;kÍ d`ks cgqr ˜∑pkbZ ij mÈMrs le; lk∑l d`h ijs'kkuh D;kÍ ugÓ eglwl gksrh = (A) muds` œs`œ`ÈMs cgqr cÈMs gksrs gß (B) os fufÆdz`;rk ds` lkƒ mÈMrs gß (C) mueÍ vfrfjDr ok;q-d`ks'k gksrs gß (D) os d`e vkWDlhtu d`k iz;ksx d`jrs gß pkSjh-pkSjk d`kaM ds` ckn xka|hth us Lƒfxr d`j fn;k% (A) lfou; voKk vkUnks¥u (B) f[¥kœ`r vkUnks¥u (C) vlg;ksx vkUnks¥u (D) Hkjr NksÈMks vkUnks¥u jsœz`htjsVj [k» inkƒksÛ d`ks [jkc gksus ls cpkrs gß D;kÍfd`% (A) blds` U;wu rkieku ij thok.q vkSj œ`œwa`nh fufÆdz`; gksrs gß (B) blds` U;wu rkieku ij jksxk.q ej tkrs gß (C) blds` U;wu rkieku ij jksxk.q te tkrs gß (D) ;g [k» inkƒksÛ d`ks jksxk.qjfgr d`j nsrk gS og pqfu, tks feJ. ugÓ gS% (A) ok;q (B) xSlks¥hu (C) ,¥\ih\th\ (D) vklqr t¥ og rkieku ftld`k ikBΩ ; ka d ` œ`kjsugkbV vkSj lsfYl;l nksukÍ iSekus ij ogh gksrk gS] gS% (A) 40° (C) –34°

48.

(B) B (D) O

(B) –40° (D) –140°

igkÈMkÍ ij t¥ d`e rkieku ij mc¥rk gS D;kÍfd`% (A) igkÈMkÍ ij BaM gksrh gS (B) igkÈMkÍ ij d`kcZu MkbvkWDlkbM d`e gksrh gS (C) igkÈMkÍ ij ok;q nkc d`e gksrk gS (D) vkWDlhtu d`e gksrh gS æs" i~ÆB 945 ij

lkekU; v÷;;u 1.

jkMkj bes¯tx lSVs¥kbV (RISAT–2) lEcU|h fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ ij fopkj d`hft,% 1. ;g ig¥k Hkjrh; lS V s ¥ kbV ·mixzg‚ gS] ftl ij ekb∂`ksoso bes¯tx foU;kl mi¥C| gS\ 2. ;g mixz g Hkjr d`h lq j ”klkeF;Z (Defence capabilities) d`ks cÈ
o~ f ®;kÍ ds ` f¥,

lqfuf'pr volj izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/929

9.

fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ ij fopkj d`hft,% 1. ¥”}hi lalnh; pquko-”s( ls fuokZfpr eqgEen genqY¥k lbZn 15oÓ ¥ksd` lHk eÍ lokZf|d` ;qok laln lnL; gß\ 2. vxkƒk ds`\ laxek 15oÓ ¥ksd` lHk d`h lokZf|d` ;qok ds`Unzh; ea(h gß] tks fæ¥kax lalnh; pquko ”s( d`k (D) mPprj fæ”k ds` ckn O;ko^frfuf|Ro d`jrh gS\ lkf;d` ^fæ”. (Vocational training) mi;qZDr d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk/ls lgh gS/gß = 4. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ld`ks vkfƒZd` (A) ds`o¥ 1 fl*kUr ds` ”s( eÍ mlds` fofæÆV ;ksxnku ds` f¥, o"Z 2009 d`k (B) ds`o¥ 2 f¥vksfUVœ` vokMZ fn;k x;k gS = (C) 1 vkSj 2 nksukÍ (A) eksUVsd`¯lg vg¥wokf¥;k (D) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2 (B) ^ksœs`lj chuk vxzok¥ 10. 1 tw u ] 2009 d`ks vV¥kafVd` lkxj (C) ^ksœs`lj veR;Z lsu ij ∂S`æ gq, AF 447 d`h nq?ZVuk ds` fo"; eÍ fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ ij fopkj (D) txnhæ Hxorh d`hft,% 5. ”s(œ`¥ d`h n~fÆV ls fuEuf¥f[r eÍ 1. ,;jcl A330–200 is f jl ls ls d`kSulk ,d` ¥ksd` lHk pquko ”s( fj;ks fM tsuhjks tk jgh ƒh\ lcls cÈMk gS = 2. ;g vuqlwfpr mÈMku vius xUrO; (A) d`PN (B) d`k∑xÈMk d`h vksj tkrs gq, lkekU;r# d`dZ` (C) ¥ˆk[ (D) iVuk lkfgc js[k (Tropic of Cancer) d`ks 6. bf≥M;u fef¥Vjh Vs_¯ux Vhe ikj d`jrh gS\ (IMTRAT) fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l mi;qZDr d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk/ls lgh nsæ ds` lSU; vf|d`kfj;kÍ d`ks ^fæ”. gS/gß = nsrh gS = (A) ds`o¥ 1 (A) usik¥ (B) ckaX¥knsæ (B) ds`o¥ 2 (C) ek¥nho (D) HwVku (C) 1 vkSj 2 nksukÍ (D) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2 7. fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ ij fopkj d`hft,% 11. pUnzxqIr f}rh; ds` ckjs eÍ fuEuf¥f[r 1. xzhu xousZUl vokMZlΩ ckWEcs uspqj¥ d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk ,d` lgh ugÓ gS = fgLV_h lkslkbVh (BNHS) }kjk laLƒkfir fd`, x, gß\ (A) mlds` njckj eÍ d`kf¥nkl ,oa vej¯lg ^fl* fo}kuΩ (Scholars) ƒs 2. xzhu xousZUl vokMZ] 2008 ÿs ¥ ækdZ` ds` laj”. d`h viuh ifj(B) mlus vius lkezkT; d`k foLrkj oSokfgd` lEcU|kÍ ,oa fot;kÍ nksukÍ ls ;kstuk ij VkVk dS`fed`Yl us fd`;k ^kIr fd`;k gS\ (C) mlus dq`csj ukxk uke d`h ukxk mi;qZDr d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk/ls lgh jktdq`ekjh ls fookg fd`;k gS/gß = (D) mlus viuh iq(h ^Hkorh d`k (A) ds`o¥ 1 fookg vgkse jktdq`ekj ds` lkƒ fd`;k (B) ds`o¥ 2 (C) 1 vkSj 2 nksukÍ 12. egkRek xka|h us lkE^nkf;d` vf|fu.Z; (Communal Award) ds ` fo:* (D) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2 ‘vkej. vuæu’ fd`;k\ rƒkfi mUgkÍus 8. i;Z V u inko¥h ‘iS j kMkbl vuvuæu lekIr d`j fn;k] D;kÍfd`% ,DlI¥ksMZ’ fd`ls fufnZÆV d`jrh gS = (A) d`kaxzslh usrkvkÍ us egkRek xka|h (A) tEew vkSj d`'ehj d`ks vf|fu.Z; ekuus ds` f¥, lœ`¥rk(B) m®j-iwohZ Hkjr iwoZd` lEer d`j f¥;k (C) N®hlxÈ< (B) fczfVæ ljd`kj us lkE^nkf;d` vf|fu.Z; d`ks okil ¥s f¥;k (D) m®jk[≥M

jkÆV_h; j”k vd`kneh ijh”k, 30-8-2009 d`k g¥ iz'u-i(

(C) (D)

13.

14.

15.

16.

iwuk iSDV lEikfnr gqvk d`etksj oxksÛ us vf|fu.Z; d`k [q¥d`j fojks| fd`;k pEikj. lR;kxzg (1917) ds` fo"; eÍ fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ ij fopkj d`hft,% 1. pEikj. lR;kxzg us Hkjrh; jktuhfr eÍ tuusrk ds` Ôi eÍ egkRek xka|h d`h ^ƒe mifLƒfr d`ks fpÕkafd`r fd`;k\ 2. jktsUnz ^lkn vkSj ts\ ch\ d~`i¥kuh tSls ;qok jkÆV_okfn;kÍ us pEikj. eÍ egkRek xka|h ds` lkƒ d`ke fd`;k ƒk\ 3. blh vkUnks¥u ds` nkSjku egkRek xka|h us lR;kxzg ds` vius næZu d`k fuÔi. fd`;k\ mi;qZDr d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk/ls lgh gS/gß = (A) ds`o¥ 3 (B) 1 vkSj 2 (C) 2 vkSj 3 (D) 1 vkSj 3 egkRek xka|h us 1906 eÍ nf”. vœz`hd`k eÍ fn iSflo jsfÈtLVsUl ,lks f æ,æu d`k loZ ^ ƒe fuekZ . fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lds` vkjEH fd`, tkus ds` fo:* vfH;ku la?fVr d`jus ds` f¥, fd`;k ƒk = (A) iks¥ VSDl (B) iathd`j. ^ek.-i( (C) Hkjrh; O;olkf;;kÍ ds` fo:* fo|ku (D) Hkjrh;kÍ d`ks erkf|d`kj ls oafpr d`jus gsrq fo|ku 1935 ds` Hkjr ljd`kj vf|fu;e d`k jkÆV_h; vkUnks¥u ij D;k ^Hko iÈMk = (A) blus vkUnks¥u d`ks læDr fd`;k (B) blus ¥ksxkÍ d`ks lUrqÆV d`j vkUnks¥u d`ks d`etksj fd`;k (C) blus vkUnks¥u d`ks d`etksj fd`;k] D;kÍfd` fgUnw vkSj eql¥ekukÍ ds` f¥, i~ƒdΩ` fuokZpue≥M¥ us erHsn mRiUu d`j fn, (D) blus vkUnks¥u d`ks d`etksj fd`;k] D;kÍfd` vf|fu;e ls la?h; O;oLƒk d`k vkjEH gqvk fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk ,d` ‘U;kflrk’ (Trusteeship) ds` fo"; eÍ lgh ugÓ gS = (A) ‘U;kflrk’ lekt d`h iw∑thoknh O;oLƒk d`ks ,d` lerkoknh O;oLƒk eÍ ÔikUrfjr d`jus d`k lk|u ^nku d`jrh gS

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/930

(C) oxZ la?"Z (Class Struggle) (D) uo ¥ks d `ra ( d`k fl*kUr (Theory of New Democracy)

(B)

;g bl vkLƒk ij vk|kfjr gS fd` ekuo ^d~`fr d`Hh Hh ifjæks|u ls ijs ugÓ gksrh (C) ;g lEif® ds` futh LokfeRo ds` fd`lh vf|d`kj d`ks ekU;rk ugÓ nsrh flok; ogk∑ rd` tgk∑ rd` lekt }kjk vius d`Y;k. ds` f¥, bld`h vuqefr nh tk lds` (D) ;g |u ds` LokfeRo vkSj ^;ksx ds` fo|k;h fofu;eu d`k viotZu d`jrh gS 17. ¥ksd` lHk d`k v÷;” fd`ld`ks lEcksf|r d`j R;kxi( f¥[d`j viuk in R;kx ld`rk gS = (A) jkÆV_ifr (B) ^|kuea(h (C) ¥ksd` lHk d`k mik÷;” (D) Hkjr d`k eq“; U;k;ewfrZ 18. Hkjr ds` jkÆV_ifr ds` fo:* egkfH;ksx (Impeachment) d`h ^f∂`;k d`kSu vkjEH d`j ld`rk gS = (A) ds`o¥ ¥ksd` lHk (B) ds`o¥ jkT; lHk (C) laln d`k nksukÍ eÍ ls d`ksbZ Hh lnu (D) d`ksbZ fo|ku lHk 19. Hkjr eÍ ia p o"hZ ; ;ks t ukvkÍ d`k vuqeksnu d`jus ok¥k æh"ZLƒ fud`k; d`kSulk gS = (A) ;kstuk vk;ksx (B) jkÆV_h; fod`kl ifj"nΩ (C) vUrjkZT; ifj"nΩ (Interstate

22.

fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ ij fopkj d`hft,% 1. LoxhZ; eksjkjth nslkbZ d`h v÷;”rk eÍ xfBr ^æklfud` lq|kj vk;ksx d`h fjiksVZ eÍ ¥ksd`ik¥ vkSj ¥ksd`k;qDr laLƒkvkÍ d`h Lƒkiuk d`h laLrqfr d`h xbZ ƒh\ 2. ¥ks d `ik¥ ljd`kj ds ` mPprj LƒkukÍ ds` HzÆVkpkj d`h tk∑p d`jus ok¥h Hkjr eÍ æh"ZLƒ laLƒk gS\ mi;qZDr d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk/ls lgh gS/gß = (A) ds`o¥ 1 (B) ds`o¥ 2 (C) 1 vkSj 2 nksukÍ (D) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2 23. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu Hkjrh; ¥ksd`rU( eÍ ,d` lafo|kusrj lao~f* gS = (A) Hkjr d`k egkU;k;oknh (B) Loæklh ft¥k (Autonomous Districts) (C) jktuhfrd` (D) jkT; lHk

n¥ d`k milHkifr 24. lektokn fd`lds` fo:* gS = (A) lkekftd` lqj”k ;kstuk (B) |u d`k leku forj. (C) fucZ U | ^fr;ks f xrk ( Unrestricted Competition) (D) lkewfgd` LokfeRo vkSj

^cU|u 25. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk og ^ƒe Council) eqfL¥e lSU; d`ek≥Mj ƒk] ftlus lsu (D) la?h; eaf(e≥M¥ (Union Cabijktoaæ d`k r“rk i¥Vd`j fcgkj vkSj net) caxk¥ d`ks vius jkT; eÍ fe¥k;k = (A) egewn xou 20. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l ij jkT; ljd`kj d`h vuU; vf|d`kfjrk (B) cf“r;kj f[¥th (Exclusive jurisdiction) gS = (C) vkfn¥ ækgh (A) fuxed`j (Corporation tax) (D) æEl-mnΩ-nhu (B) lhekæqYd` (Customs duty) 26. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh ,d` xqIr (C) fc∂`hd`j (Sales tax) d`k¥ d`h jktHk"k ƒh = (A) ik¥h (B) ekx|h (D) vk;d`j (Income tax) (C) ^kd~`r (D) laLd~`r 21. lkE;okn ds` fuEuf¥f[r fl*kUrkÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk ,d` d`k¥Z ekDlZ d`k 27. ¥anu eÍ lEiUu gq, xks¥est lEes¥ukÍ fl*kUr ugÓ gS = d`h d`k;Zlwph D;k ƒh = (A) }U}kRed` HkSfrd`okn (Dialecti(A) lkbeu d`ehæu d`h fjiksVZ ij cal Materialism) fopkj-foeæZ d`juk (B) ,sfrgkfld` HkSfrd`okn (Histori(B) Hkjr ds` f¥, ,d` lafo|ku d`k cal Materialism) fuekZ. d`juk

(C)

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

Hkjr d`h lkE^nkf;d` leL;k d`k lek|ku [kstuk (D) Hkjr ds` ‘æksf"r oxksÛ’ (Depressed classes) d`h leL;kvkÍ d`k lek|ku [kstuk Hkjr eÍ ^sl d`h Lora(rk% (A) laln d`h fof| ds` v|hu ¥ksxkÍ d`ks mi¥C| gS (B) lafo|ku eÍ fofæÆVr# micfU|r gS (C) vfHO;fDr-LokrUfl; ds` vf|d`kj eÍ vUrfuZfgr gS (D) vf|æklh vknsæ ds` v|hu Hkjr ds` ¥ksxkÍ d`ks mi¥C| gS fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ ij fopkj d`hft,% 1. olUr fo"qo (Vernal equinox) 21 ekpZ d`ks iÈMrk gS 2. fo"qo ds` fnu Hwe÷;js[k ij lw;Z lh|k flj ds` ˜ij gksrk gS 3. fo"qo ij fnukÍ d`h ¥EckbZ eÍ cn¥ko lw;Z ds` lkis” i~Foh ds` >qd`ko eÍ ifjorZukÍ ds` ifj.ke gß\ mi;qZDr d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk/ls lgh gS/gß = (A) ds`o¥ 1 vkSj 2 (B) ds`o¥ 1 (C) 1, 2 vkSj 3 (D) ds`o¥ 2 vkSj 3 fœ`¥hihUl ds` mÆ.d`fVcU|h; p∂`okr (Tropical cyclone) d`ks D;k d`grs gß = (A) Vkbœw`u (B) fof¥-fof¥ (C) ^Hatu (Hurricane) (D) cSXohvks (Baguio) pEc¥ unh fd`ld`k fgLlk gS = (A) lkcjerh nzks.h (B) xaxk nzks.h (C) ueZnk nzks.h (D) xksnkojh nzks.h lwph–I d`ks lwph–II ls lqesf¥r d`hft, vkSj lwfp;kÍ ds` uhps fn, x, dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`j lgh m®j pqfu,% lwph –I ·m»ksx‚ (a) æS¥-jlk;u (Petrochemicals) (b) ,s¥qfefu;e (c) b¥sDV_kWfuDl (d) Hkjh bUthfu;jh lwph –II ·Lƒku‚ 1. jk∑ph 2. gSnjkckn 3. oMksnjk 4. d`ksjkiqV

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/931

37.

fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls og d`kSulk lgh ∂`e gS] ftleÍ tSls-tSls d`ksbZ Hwi~ÆB ls nwj tkrk gS] xSlÍ ok;qe≥M¥ ls (A) ¥qIr gksrh tkrh gß = (B) (A) d`kcZu MkbvkWDlkbM # vkWDlh(C) tu # ukbV_kstu (D) (B) vkWDlhtu # ukbV_kstu # d`kcZu 33. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ,d` MkbvkWDlkbM U;wth¥S≥M ds` m®jh ,oa nf”.h }hikÍ (C) d`kcZu MkbvkWDlkbM # ukbV_ksd`ks i~ƒdΩ` d`jrk gS = tu # vkWDlhtu (A) œ`ksoks t¥MeÔe÷; (Foveaux (D) ukbV_kstu # vkWDlhtu # d`kcZu Strait) MkbvkW DlkbM (B) ckl t¥MeÔe÷; 38. laæksf|r d~`f" lefÆV ^cU|u ;kstuk (C) dq`d` t¥MeÔe÷; ·fjokbÈTM eS∂`ks eSusteÍV vkWœ` (D) Vksjsl t¥MeÔe÷; ,xzhd`Ypj Ld`he‚] 2008–09 lEcU|h 34. fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ ij fopkj fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk/ls lgh gS/ d`hft,% gß = 1. i~Foh d`k ?w.Zu v” mlds` d`”h; 1. jkT;kÍ vkSj la? ^ækflr ”s(kÍ d`ks ler¥ ls 90° ij ugÓ gS\ ld`¥ æL; ”s( ,oa ¥?q rƒk 2. i~Foh d`k ?w.Zu v” 23·5° ij lhekar tksr ”s(kÍ ds` vk|kj ij vkur gS fuf|;kÍ d`k fu;ru d`juk\ mi;qZDr d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk/ls lgh 2. jkT;kÍ vkSj la? ækflr ”s(kÍ d`ks gS/gß = ;g lgk;rk 100% vuqnku ds` (A) ds`o¥ 1 Ôi eÍ nh tkrh gS\ (B) ds`o¥ 2 uhps fn, x, dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`j lgh m®j pqfu,% (C) 1 vkSj 2 nksukÍ (D) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2 dw`V # (A) ds`o¥ 1 35. fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ ij fopkj (B) ds`o¥ 2 d`hft,% (C) 1 vkSj 2 nksukÍ 1. ok;q d`h ueh |kj. ”erk vkSj (D) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2 mld`h okLrfod` vknzZrk ds` vUrj d`ks lar~fIr U;wurk (Saturation 39. ok;qe≥M¥h; ijrkÍ ds` Lrj. lEcU|h deficit) d`grs gß\ fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ ij fopkj d`hft,% 2. lar~fIr rd` igq∑pus ds` f¥, ok;q 1. lHh rw œ `ku vkS j es ? kPNUurk d`ks ftl rki rd` æhfrr fd`;k (Cloudiness) lerkie≥M¥ rd` tkrk gS] mls vkslkad` ( Dew lhfer jgrs gß\ point) d`grs gß\ 2. i”kH-es ? (Cirrus clouds) mi;qZDr d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk/ls lgh ”ksHe≥M¥ d`h ˜ijh ijrkÍ ij gS/gß = curs gß\ (A) ds`o¥ 1 3. lerkie≥M¥ ‘leueu ijr’ (B) ds`o¥ 2 (Isoclinal layer) Hh gksrh gS\ (C) 1 vkSj 2 nksukÍ mi;qZDr d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSuls lgh (D) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2 gß = (A) ds`o¥ 1 vkSj 2 36. Hkjr ds` fofo| fd`LekÍ ds` œ`¥kÍ ,oa lfCt;kÍ ds` eq“; mRiknd` gksus d`k (B) ds`o¥ 1 vkSj 3 D;k d`kj. gS = (C) ds`o¥ 2 vkSj 3 (A) bld`k c~grΩ tula“;k vkd`kj (D) 1, 2 vkSj 3 (B) bld`k cÈMk Hw”s( 40. Hwi~ÆB d`ks blds` v|j ”s(kÍ eÍ Bksl (C) bld`h d~`f"t¥ok;oh (AgroinkƒksÛ d`k teko d`jrs gq, cukus climatic) ifjfLƒfr;kÍ eÍ ifjorZu ok¥h ^f∂`;k d`ks D;k d`grs gß = (A) vi?"Z. (Abrasion) (D) lkekftd`-lkaLd~`frd` ?Vuk eÍ fofo|rk (Diversity) (B) lEihMu (Agglomeration) dw`V #

(a) 3 1 3 1

(b) 4 2 2 4

(c) 2 4 4 2

(d) 1 3 1 3

(C) (D)

r¥ksPpu (Aggradation) 45. fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ ij fopkj d`hft,% 52. fuEuf¥f[r ækd`kÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk ,d` oU; i®kxksHh (Wild cabbage) ls lfUu?"Z. (Attrition) 1. vUrjkZÆV_h; fnukad` js[k Hwlagfr (Landmass) d`ks cpkrs gq, VsÈ
59.

,d` fi≥M d`k Hkj ml Lƒku ij (C) ';kurk xq.kad` ls ?uRo d`k 71. ,d` ¥SEi eÍ |kjk I, oksYVrk V ds` 9·8 N gS] tgk∑ g = 9·8 ms– 2 gS\ vuqikr gS lkƒ-lkƒ ifjofrZr gksrh gS] tSlk mld`k nzO;eku fd`ruk gS = (D) ';kurk xq.kad` ls i~ÆB ruko d`k vuqikr gS (A) æwU; (B) 9·8 fd`xzk (C) 10 fd`xzk (D) 1 fd`xzk 65. tc rs¥ ikuh ij rSjrk gS] rks ikuh V d`k i~ÆB ruko% 60. ;fn fd`lh gYds` fi≥M vkSj fd`lh (A) rqjUr æwU; gks tkrk gS Hkjh fi≥M ds` laosx leku gß] rks% (B) d`kœ`h d`e gks tkrk gS I (A) gYds` fi≥M d`h xfrt ˜tkZ] (C) d`kœ`h cÈ < gks tkrk gS Hkjh fi≥M d`h xfrt ˜tkZ ls vf|d` ˜ij fp( eÍ fn[k;k x;k gS\ fuEugS (D) v^Hkfor jgrk gS f¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ,d` |kjk I ds` lkƒ-lkƒ æfDr P d`k ifjorZu gS = (B) gYds` fi≥M d`h xfrt ˜tkZ] 66. d`k∑p ds` nks [ks[¥s xks¥kÍ ij fopkj Hkjh fi≥M d`h xfrt ˜tkZ ls d`e gS d`hft,] ftueÍ ,d` eÍ ikuh vkSj nwljs eÍ ikjn gS\ ^R;sd` nzo] xks¥s eÍ mlds` (C) gYds` fi≥M d`h xfrt ˜tkZ] Hkjh (A) vk;ru ds` ¥xHx 10oÍ fgLls rd` fi≥M d`h xfrt ˜tkZ ds` cjkcj gS P Hjk gS\ æwU; xq:Ro okrkoj. eÍ% (D) nksukÍ fi≥MkÍ d`h xfrt ˜tkZ,a (A) xks¥s ds` vUnj ikuh vkSj ikjn laosx ls LorU( gß LosPNk ls rSjrs gß 61. 5 fd`xzk nzO;eku d`h ,d` oLrq ,d` I (B) ikuh d`k∑p ij ,d` ijr cukrk jLlh ds` Nksj ij c∑|h gS\ ;fn jLlh gS] tcfd` ikjn (Mercury) rSjrk gS d`ks lh|s ˜ij d`h rjœ` 0·30 ms –2 ds` Roj. ds` lkƒ [Ópk tk,] rks ml (C) ikjn d`k∑p ij ,d` ijr cukrk (B) jLlh eÍ ruko (Tension) fuEugS« tcfd` ikuh rSjrk gS P f¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk gksxk = (D) ikuh vkSj ikjn nksukÍ d`k∑p ij (A) 30·5 N (B) 40·5 N ijr cukrs gß I (C) 50·5 N (D) 60·5 N 67. α = β t + λ lEcU| eÍ α vkS j λ d`ks ehVj rƒk t d`ks lsd`≥M (s) eÍ ukik 62. vxj m nzO;eku d`ks ,d` ¯L^x ls tkrk gS\ β d`k SI ek(d` D;k gksxk = ¥Vd`k;k tkrk gS] rks ¯L^x 10 lseh (C) (A) m (B) ms cÈ< tkrh gS\ ;fn Hkfjr ¯L^x d`ks uhps d`h rjœ` ƒksÈMk [Ópd`j NksÈM (C) s (D) ms –1 P fn;k tkrk gS] rks ml fud`k; d`k 68. fd`lh oLrq d`ks 15 ls e h œ`ksd`l nwjh d`Eiu-d`k¥ (Period of Vibration) ok¥s vor¥ niZ. ds` lEeq[ 5 lseh I D;k gksxk = nwj j[k x;k\ ^frfcEc d`k D;k LoÔi (A) 0·27 lsd`≥M gksxk = (B) 0·35 lsd`≥M (A) vkHklh (Virtual), vkof|Zr ugÓ (D) (C) 0·49 lsd`≥M (B) vkHklh] vkof|Zr P (D) 0·64 lsd`≥M (C) okLrfod` (Real), vkof|Zr ugÓ (D) okLrfod`] vkof|Zr 63. ,d` iqLrd` fd`lh est ds` r¥ ij j[h xbZ gS\ ;fn iqLrd` ij i~Foh ds` 69. 7·20 vkisf”d` ?uRo ok¥s <¥oÍ ¥ksgs I xq:Roh; d`"Z. d`ks gh f∂`;kc¥ eku d`k ?uRo D;k gS = 72. ,d` pk¥d` eÍ ftleÍ |kjk ^okfgr gS] f¥;k tk,] rks ^frf∂`;k c¥ vk;kflr (A) 7·20 fd`xzk/eh3 usV pktZ D;k gS = gksxk% 3 (B) 720 fd`xzk/eh (A) lnSo |ukRed` (A) iqLrd` }kjk est ij (C) 72 fd`xzk/eh3 (B) lnSo )`.kRed` (B) iqLrd` }kjk i~Foh ij (D) 7200 fd`xzk/eh3 (C) æwU; (C) est }kjk iqLrd` ij 70. gekjh vkd`kæxaxk ds` lehi ds` ”s(kÍ (D) ;k rks |ukRed` ;k )`.kRed` (D) est }kjk i~Foh ij eÍ i~Foh ds` vkd`kj ds` cjkcj xzgkÍ d`h [kst ds` f¥, vfHd`fYir nwjchu d`ks 73. ekuo d`.Z (Human ear) d`k JO; 64. fd`lh nzo d`h xfrd` ';kurk (Kinetic vko~f® ifjlj fd`ruk gS = D;k d`grs gß = viscosity )% (A) 20 gVΩZt ls 200 gVΩZt (A) gc¥ nwjchu (A) ?uRo ls ';kurk xq.kad` d`k (B) 2 gVΩZt ls 20 gVΩZt (B) ds`I¥j nwjchu vuqikr gS (C) d`ksijfud`l nwjchu (C) 200 gVΩZt ls 2000 gVΩZt (B) i~ÆB ruko ls ';kurk xq.kad` d`k vuqikr gS (D) U;wVu nwjchu (D) 20 gVΩZt ls 20000 gVΩZt izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/933

74. 4 Ω

nwljk vk|k fgLlk rs¥ eÍ fuefTtr fd`, rSjrk gS\ CGS ek(d`kÍ eÍ xks¥s ds` inkƒZ d`k ?uRo D;k gS =

la;qDr ^frjks| ikus ds` f¥, fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l ,d` ^frjks| d`ks 12 Ω ^frjks| ds` lekUrj eÍ j[k gh tk,xk = (A) 2 Ω (C) 6 Ω

(B) 4 Ω (D) 8 Ω

75. 20 Ω ^frjks| 5 A d`h |kjk

d`h ,d` fo»qrΩ bLrjh ¥srh gS\ 30 lsd`≥M eÍ mleÍ fod`flr ˜Æek ·tw¥ eÍ‚ fd`ruh gksxh = (A) 5 kJ (C) 15 kJ

(B) 10 kJ (D) 20 kJ

76. 220 V ^nk; ¥kbu ls ;qDr ,d` ?j 9 A ds` Œ;wt ls jf”r gS\ 60 W ds`

vf|d`re fd`rus cYc lekUrj eÍ vkWu fd`, tk ld`rs gß = (A) 11 (C) 33

(B) 22 (D) 44

(A) 3·3 (C) 7·2 81.

(B) 6·4 (D) 12·8

(B) (C) (D)

86.

ckYVh ds ` Ns n ls fxjrk ikuh ijo¥f;d` iƒ ( Parabolic path) cukrk gS\ ;fn ckYVh xq:Ro ds` v|hu eqDr Ôi ls fxjrh gS] rks ikuh d`k ^okg ·ok;q ^frjks| d`h mis”k d`jrs gq,‚% (A) fxjrh ckYVh ds` lkis” js[h; iƒ eÍ gksxk (B) fxjrh ckYVh ds` lkis” ijo¥f;d` iƒ eÍ gksxk 87. (C) :d` tk,xk (D) d`e gks tk,xk] ¥sfd`u cgrk jgsxk

xqf.r vuqikrkÍ d`k fu;e rqY; vuqikrkÍ d`k fu;e la;ksth vk;ru d`k fu;e leku ek(k (50 fexzk ) ds` t¥ ds` fuEuf¥f[r pkj uew u s 100 fexzk |kfjrk ds` pkj chd`jkÍ eÍ Mk¥s x,\ muds` Doƒukad`kÍ d`k ,d` gh rkiekih ls ;ƒkƒZ fu|kZj. fd`;k x;k\ ckd`h rhu uewukÍ d`h vis”k d`kSuls t¥ ds` uewus d`k Doƒukad` U;wure gksxk = (A) vklqr t¥ (Distilled water) (B) cksr¥cUn [fut t¥ (C) dw`i t¥ (Well water) (D) lkxj t¥ (Sea water) ^;ksxæk¥kvkÍ eÍ æhrdq`≥M cukus gsrq okÆiæh¥ d`kcZ f ud` fo¥k;d`kÍ ls fefJr d`jus ds` f¥, lw[h cœZ` d`k mi;ksx fd`;k x;k\ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls lw[h cœZ` ds` Ôi d`ks igpkfu,% (A) xSlh; d`kcZu MkbvkWDlkbM (B) nzo d`kcZu MkbvkWDlkbM (C) Bksl d`kcZu MkbvkWDlkbM (D) Bksl gkbM_kstu MkbvkWDlkbM vE¥ uh¥s f¥Vel d`ks ¥k¥ d`jrk gS vkSj ”kjd` ¥k¥ f¥Vel d`ks uh¥k d`jrk gS\ ,d` fo»kƒhZ us ,d` nzo d`k ¥k¥ f¥Vel-i( ls ijh”. fd`;k] rks mleÍ d`ksbZ cn¥ko ugÓ ik;k\ ;g nækZrk gS fd` og nzo% (A) ”kjd` (Base) ugÓ gS (B) vE¥ (Acid) ugÓ gS (C) u rks vE¥ gS vkSj u gh ”kjd` (D) æq* t¥ gh gksuk pkfg, fuEuf¥f[r ”kjd`kÍ d`ks muds` ”kjd` ^kcY; ds` o|Zeku ∂`e eÍ O;ofLƒr d`hft,% 1. lksfM;e gkbM_kWDlkbM 2. eSXuhfæ;e gkbM_kWDlkbM 3. ,s¥qfefu;e gkbM_kWDlkbM 4. veksfu;e gkbM_kWDlkbM uhps fn, x, dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`j lgh m®j pqfu,% dw`V #

,d` oLrq d`ks m®¥ ¥sUl ds` eq“; 82. 0°C ds` 1 xzke cœZ` d`ks 100°C ds` 1 ``xz k e Hki ds` lkƒ fefJr fd`;k v” ij 12 lseh d`h nwjh ij j[k x;k tkrk gS\ rkih; lUrq¥u ds` ckn gS vkSj ,d` fuf'pr vkeki d`k feJ. d`k rki D;k gksxk = vkHklh ^frfcEc curk gS\ ;fn oLrq d`ks ¥sUl ls vkSj 8 lseh nwj f[ld`k;k (A) 0°C (B) 50°C tkrk gS] rks vkHklh ^frfcEc ds` gh 88. (C) 80°C (D) 100°C eki d`k ,d` okLrfod` ^frfcEc curk gS\ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh ,d` 83. fuEuf¥f[r rRokÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk ,d` lkekU; rki ij nzo voLƒk eÍ jgrk ¥sUl d`h œ`ksd`l nwjh gS = gS = (A) 15 lseh (B) 16 lseh (A) ikjn (Mercury) (C) 18 lseh (D) 20 lseh (B) lhlk (Lead) 78. vk∑[ fofHUu oLrqvkÍ d`ks fofHUu (C) lksfM;e (Sodium) nwfj;kÍ ij ns[ jgh gS\ vifjorhZ jgus (D) dS`fYl;e (Calcium) ok¥k ^kp¥ (Parameter) d`kSulk gS = 84. ,s¥qfefu;e ¥ksgs ls vf|d` vfH(A) vfHus( ¥Íl d`h œ`ksd`l nwjh f∂`;kæh¥ gksrk gS] ¥sfd`u ,s¥qfefu;e 89. ¥ksgs d`h vis”k d`e vklkuh ls (B) vfHus( ¥Íl ls oLrq d`h nwjh la”kfjr ( Corroded) gksrk gS] (C) vfHus( ¥Íl d`h o∂`rk-f(T;k,a D;kÍfd`% (D) vfHus( ¥Íl ls ^frfcEc d`h (A) vkWDlhtu ,d` j”h vkWDlkbM nwjh ijr cuk nsrh gS 79. ,d` d`ekuh d`h ¥EckbZ ‘l’ vkSj d`ekuh (B) ;g ,d` mRd~`ÆV (Noble) |krq gS fLƒjkad` ‘k ’ gS\ mld`ks l 1 vkS j l 2 (C) ¥ks g k vklkuh ls ikuh ls ^fr¥EckbZ ds` nks [≥MkÍ eÍ d`kVk x;k] f∂`;k d`jrk gS rkfd` l1 = nl2 ; l1 ¥EckbZ d`h d`ekuh d`k c¥-fLƒjkad` (Force constant) (D) ¥ksgk vk;u (Ions) cukrk gS D;k gS = (A) 4, 2, 1, 3 (B) 4, 1, 2, 3 85. fuEuf¥f[r fu;ekÍ eÍ ls fd`l ,d` (A) k (1 + n) (B) k (C) 4, 3, 2, 1 (D) 1, 2, 3, 4 fu;e ds` vk|kj ij ;g lwfpr gksrk (C) k/(n + 1) (D) k[(n + 1)/n] gS fd` tc nks ;k vf|d` xSlÍ ,d`- 90. fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ ij fopkj 3 d`hft,% nwljs ls vfHf∂`;k d`jrh gß] rks 80. ,d` crZu eÍ 13·6 xzke/lseh ?uRo 3 muds` vk;ru ,d` lj¥ vuqikr eÍ 1. lkcqu d`k vE¥h; t¥ eÍ mi;ksx ds` ikjn ds` ˜ij 0 · 8 xzke/lseh gksrs gß = ugÓ d`j ld`rs\ ?uRo d`k rs¥ gS\ ,d` lekaxh xks¥k (Homogeneous sphere) vius (A) nzO;eku vuqikrh vfHf∂`;k d`k 2. lkcqu d`k vk;uh Hkx –COO – . vk;ru d`k vk|k fgLlk ikjn eÍ vkSj fu;e Na + gS\ 77.

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/934

3.

viektZd` (Detergent) d`h vis”k 2. CO2 ,d` vE¥h; vkWDlkbM gS\ 100. d`ƒu (A) : ckƒÔe ds` Hhxs œ`æZ ij lkcqu t¥ eÍ tYnh ?q¥rk gS\ iÈ M s pq V d`h-Hj >kx (Pinch of 3. CO2 pwus ds` ikuh d`ks nwf|;k d`j foam) ds` pkjkÍ vksj d`k o~®h; ”s( nsrk gS\ mi;qZDr d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk/ls lgh lw [ k ^rhr gksrk gS\ gS/gß = mi;qZDr d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk/ls lgh (A) 1 vkSj 2 (B) 2 vkSj 3 gS/gß = d`kj. (R) : lkcqu ds` v.q Hhxs œ`æZ (C) ds`o¥ 3 (D) ds`o¥ 1 ij t¥ d`h ir¥h ijr ds` i~ÆB ruko (A) 1 vkSj 2 (B) 2 vkSj 3 d`ks ?Vk nsrs gß vkSj i~ÆB ”s(œ`¥ d`ks (C) ds`o¥ 3 (D) 1 vkSj 3 91. lwph–I d`ks lwph–II ls lqesf¥r d`hft, cÈ 7 ¥sfd`u 14 ugÓ nks oDrO; gß%,d` d`ks ‘d`ƒu (A)’ rƒk (C) < 7 nwljs d`ks ‘d`kj. (R)’ d`gk x;k gS\ bu (D) 14 nksukÍ oDrO;kÍ d`k lko|kuhiwoZd` ijh”. d`j bu ^'ukaækÍ ds` m®j uhps fn, x, 93. ghjk (Diamond) gS% dw`V d`h lgk;rk ls pqfu,% (A) lqpk¥d` vkSj e~nq dw`V # (B) vpk¥d` vkSj e~nq (A) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lgh gß vkSj (C) vpk¥d` vkSj d`Bksj (R), (A) d`k lgh LiÆVhd`j. gS (D) lqpk¥d` vkSj d`Bksj (B) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lgh gß ijUrq 94. ,s¥qfefu;e isUV ls lEcfU|r fuEu(R), (A) d`k lgh LiÆVhd`j. f¥f[r d`ƒukÍ ij fopkj d`hft,% ugÓ gS 1. ;g d`kœ`h vPNk ˜Æek ^frjks|d` (C) (A) lgh gS] ijUrq (R) x¥r gS gS\ 2. bleÍ vPNk fo»qrΩ ^frjks| gksrk (D) (A) x¥r gS] ijUrq (R) lgh gS gS\ 98. d`ƒu (A) : vejhd`h Lora(rk laxzke 3. bld`k xeZ ikuh ds` ikbi ds` f¥, ds` nkSjku vejhfd`;kÍ us fczfVæ laln ^;ksx ugÓ gks ld`rk\ }kjk vf|jksfir d`jkÍ ds` Hqxrku ls mi;qZDr d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk/ls lgh bud`kj d`j fn;k\ gS/gß = d`kj. (R) : vejhfd`;kÍ d`k fczfVæ (A) 1 vkSj 3 (B) ds`o¥ 1 laln eÍ ^frfuf|Ro ugÓ ƒk\ (C) 1 vkSj 2 (D) 2 vkSj 3 99. d`ƒu (A) : lkbeu d`ehæu ds` fo:* nsæO;kih vkUnks¥u gqvk\ 95. d`kcZu MkbvkWDlkbM (CO2) ls tqÈMs gq, dq`N d`ƒu uhps fn, x, gß% d`kj. (R) : lkbeu d`ehæu ds` lnL;kÍ us nsæO;kih vkUnks¥u d`ks 1. CO2 ,d` tgjh¥h (Poisonous) ns[rs gq, viuk d`ke cUn d`j fn;k\ xSl gS\ izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/935

æs" i~ÆB 876 d`k d`ks iwjk fd`;k tk,xk rƒk ,l ,e 3 (SM3) felkb¥ d`ks 2015 ls vf|ÆBkfir d`jus ds` f¥, iks¥S≥M ,oa psd` x.jkT; ls okrkZ p¥ jgh gS\ vksckek ^æklu d`k nkok gS fd` la;qDr jkT; d`h iwohZ ;wjksi lqj”k uhfr eÍ mi;qZDr laæks|u] ftls uhfrxr cn¥ko d`guk mfpr ugÓ gksxk] Ôl ds` ncko rƒk ^frf∂`;k d`k ifj.ke ugÓ gS] fd`Urq vksckek ds` vk¥kspd` bls Ôl d`ks rqÆV d`jus ds` f¥, mBk, x, d`ne ds` Ôi eÍ gh ns[rs gß\ fjifC¥d`u ikVhZ us rks bld`h vk¥kspuk Ôl ds` lkeus leiZ. ds` Ôi eÍ d`h gS\ oSls] bleÍ nks jk; ugÓ gks ld`rh gß fd` lqj”k uhfr ds` bl laæks|u us Ôlla;qDr jkT; ds` e÷; nwjh d`ks dq`N lhek rd` d`e d`jus d`k d`ke fd`;k gS\ Ôl ds` jkÆV_ifr esnosnso us bld`k Lokxr ‘lgh fnæk eÍ mBk, x, jpukRed` d`ne’ ds` Ôi eÍ fd`;k gS\ Ôl us d`gk gS fd` bld`k ld`kjkRed` ^R;q®j nsrs gq, Ôl d`h ljd`kj ckfYVd` ”s( eÍ ‘Ld`Unj felkb¥’ vf|ÆBkfir d`jus ds` vius fu.Z; d`ks jksd` jgh gS\ bruk gh ugÓ mlus vœ`xkfuLrku eÍ lSfud` lkexzh d`h vkiwfrZ ds` f¥, vejhd`h ;kukÍ d`ks Ôlh ok;q ”s( ds` bLrsek¥ d`h vuqefr ns nh gS rƒk ijek.q d`k;Z∂`e ij bZjku ljd`kj ij ^frcU| ¥xkus d`h uhfr ij Hh Ôl la;qDr jkT; d`k lkƒ nsus d`ks rS;kj gks jgk gS\ Ôlh jkÆV_ifr ds` vuqlkj ^frcU| ifj.kenk;d` ugÓ gksrs gß] fd`Urq dq`N ifjfLƒfr;kÍ eÍ vifjgk;Z gks tkrs gß\ bl rjg tgk∑ rd` Ôl d`k lEcU| gS] vksckek }kjk iwohZ ;wjksi lqj”k uhfr eÍ fd`;k x;k laæks|u okafNr ifj.ke ns jgk gS\ ●●● A Unique Book on Personality Development

UPKAR’S

HOW TO ADD NEW DIMENSIONS TO YOUR PERSONALITY By : (Prof.) R. P. Chaturvedi

Code No. 1521 ●●●

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/936

Rs. 65/-

UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA–2

(B) 50,000 :i, (C) 1,00,000 :i, (D) 5,00,000 :i,

vkxkeh cßd` ih\ vks\] ,e\ ch\ ,\ vkfn ijh”kvkÍ ds` f¥, fo'ks" g¥ iz'u

m»ksx O;kikj txrΩ 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

'kq¨rk d`h igpku ds` f¥, C;wjks vkWœ` bf≥M;u LVS ≥ MMΩ l Z (BIS) }kjk ‘gks¥ekdZ`’ fpUgkad`u fd`u mRiknkÍ ij fd`;k tkrk gS = (A) b¥sDV_kWfud` (B) Lo.Z vkHw". (C) elk¥s (D) Ms;jh mRikn ‘,l ,Dl 4 ’ uke ls ¥Dtjh d`kj fd`l d`Eiuh d`k mRikn gS = (A) ek:fr (B) gq≥MbZ (C) tuj¥ eksVlZ (D) ctkt vkWVks Hkjr LVs t-IV ekud` fd`lls lEcfU|r gS = (A) c߯d`x (B) chek (C) vkWVkseksckb¥ (D) ehfM;k ckW¥hoqM LVkj )`frd` jks'ku fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l eksckb¥ œ`ksu lsok ds` czkaM ,EcslMj gß = (A) fj¥k;al (B) VkVk bafMd`kWe (C) oksMkœ`ksu (D) ,;jVs¥ gk¥ gh eÍ vfLrRo eÍ vk;k ‘vkbZ lh bZ ,Dl’ (ICEX) D;k gS = (A) cEcbZ LVkWd` ,DlpÍt d`k ,d` u;k 'ks;j ewY; lwpd`kad` (B) ,d` u;k d`eksfMVh ,DlpÍt (C) jkÆV_h; LVkWd` ,DlpÍt d`k u;k fo»qr lwpd`kad` (D) jkÆV_h; Kku usVodZ` ds` rgrΩ ,d` u;k usVodZ` œ`ksClZ if(d`k ds` o"Z 2009 ds` rktk vkd`¥u eÍ fc¥ xsVΩl d`ks vejhd`k d`k lcls |uh O;fDr crk;k x;k gS\ bl vkd`¥u eÍ mud`h dq`¥ lEif® d`k ewY; fd`ruk vk∑d`k x;k gS = (A) 20 vjc Mk¥j (B) 30 vjc Mk¥j (C) 40 vjc Mk¥j (D) 50 vjc Mk¥j fd`l jkT; ds` iwoZ eq“;ea(h ds` fo:¨ euh ¥kma¯M_x ,DV ds` rgrΩ eqd`nek xr vDVwcj ekg eÍ ntZ fd`;k x;k gS = (A) N®hlxÈ<

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/937

15.

(B) (C) (D)

>kj[≥M m®jk[≥M 16. fcgkj 8. lkoZtfud` {ks( ds` fd`l cßd` us viuh Lƒkiuk ds` 75 oÍ o"Z eÍ izos'k bl o"Z ·2009 eÍ‚ fd`;k gS = (A) cßd` vkWœ` cÈMkSnk (B) cßd` vkWœ` bf≥M;k 17. (C) cßd` vkWœ` egkjkÆV_ (D) d`kWiksZjs'ku cßd` 9. ‘isjkWV flLVEl’] ftlds` vf|xzg. gsrq ,d` lkSnk MS¥ d`Eiuh us fd`;k gS] fd`l {ks( d`h d`Eiuh gS = (A) vkbZ Vh (B) vkS"f| (C) ,œ`,elhth (D) fo»qrΩ 10. d`bZ lIrkg rd` )`.kRed` cuh jgus ds` i'pkrΩ Hkjr eÍ eqnzkLœ`hfr d`h nj 18. xr flrEcj ekg eÍ 'kwU; ls ˜ij vkbZ gS\ ¥xkrkj fd`rus lIrkg rd` ;g nj )`.kRed` cuh jgh ƒh = (A) 7 (C) 11 11.

fo'o vkfƒZd` eap (World Eco- 19. nomic Forum) ds` oSf'od` izfrLi¨kZ lwpd`kad` d`h n~fÆV ls Hkjr d`k fo'o eÍ d`kSulk Lƒku 2009-10 eÍ jgk gS= (A) 37 (C) 65

12.

(B) 9 (D) 13

(B) 49 (D) 132

ekuo fod`kl fjiksVZ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lds` }kjk tkjh d`h tkrh gS = 20. (A) vUrjkZÆV_h; eqnzk d`ks" (B) fo'o cßd` (C) la;qDr jkÆV_ fod`kl d`k;Zdz`e (D) fo'o vkfƒZd` eap 13. o"Z 2009 d`h ekuo fod`kl fjiksVZ eÍ ekuo fod`kl lwpd`kad` d`h n~fÆV ls Hkjr d`k fo'o eÍ d`kSu-lk Lƒku fu|kZfjr fd`;k x;k gS = 21. (A) 65 ok∑ (B) 84 ok∑ (C) 114 ok∑ (D) 134 ok∑ 14. ds`Unzh; izR;{k d`j cksMZ ds` rktk fn'kk-funsZ'kkÍ ds` rgrΩ fd`rus :i, ls vf|d` d`k migkj Lohd`kj d`jus ij vk; d`j nsuk gksxk = (A) 25,000 :i,

o"Z 2009 d`h ekuo fod`kl fjiksVZ eÍ fd`l ns'k d`k ekuo fod`kl lwpd`kad` loksZPp crk;k x;k gS = (A) vejhd`k (B) fLoVΩtj¥S≥M (C) ukWosZ (D) vkbl¥S≥M th-20 d`k vkxkeh f'k[j lEes¥u o"Z 2010 eÍ fd`l ns'k eÍ vk;ksftr fd`;k tk,xk = (A) vejhd`k (B) d`ukMk (C) œz`kal (D) tkiku fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ls Hkjrh; flusek m»ksx d`k loksZPp nknk lkgsc œ`kYds` iqjLd`kj o"Z 2007 ds` f¥, xr vDVwcj ekg eÍ iznku fd`;k x;k gS = (A) eUuk Ms (B) fn¥hi d`qekj (C) eukst dq`ekj (D) vnwj xksik¥d~`Æ.u nknk lkgsc œ`kYds` iqjLd`kj ds` rgrΩ nh tkus ok¥h iqjLd`kj jkf'k gS% (A) 5·0 ¥k[ :i, (B) 7·5 ¥k[ :i, (C) 10·0 ¥k[ :i, (D) 25·0 ¥k[ :i, lokZf|d` izfrfÆBr ukscs¥ iqjLd`kjkÍ eÍ ¥xHx fd`ruh jkf'k ·Mk¥j ewY; eÍ‚ izR;sd` iqjLd`kj ds` rgrΩ nh tkrh gS= (A) 4 ¥k[ MkW¥j (B) 7 ¥k[ MkW¥j (C) 14 ¥k[ MkW¥j (D) 21 ¥k[ MkW¥j o"Z 2009 eÍ vƒZ'kkL( d`k ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj ikus ok¥s nks vƒZ'kkfL(;kÍ eÍ vejhd`k d`h bf¥ukWj vkWLV_e 'kkfe¥ gß\ vƒZ'kkL( ds` {ks( eÍ ;g iqjLd`kj ikus ok¥h og d`kSulh efg¥k gS = (A) ig¥h (B) nwljh (C) rhljh (D) pkSƒh ihjke¥ gSYƒ ds`;j d`h Lokfr ihjke¥ m»ksx O;kikj txrΩ ds` fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l laxBu d`h v÷;{k xr vDVwcj ekg eÍ cukbZ xbZ gß = (A) fœ`Dd`h (FICCI) (B) ,lkspSe (ASSOCHAM) (C) ih,pMhlhlhvkbZ (D) lh vkbZ vkbZ

22.

cq¥xkfj;k d`h bfjuk cksd`ksok fuEu- 25. eanh ds` p¥rs Hkjr d`h fd`l foeku (C) lh,lvkbZ,œ` f¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l laLƒk/,tÍlh ds` lsok d`Eiuh us vius lkr foeku (D) lhvkjih,œ` izeq[ ds` Ôi eÍ d`k;ZHkj 'kh?z gh iVΩVs ij nsus ds` f¥, ig¥ gk¥ gh eÍ 29. iou ˜tkZ d`h Lƒkfir {kerk eÍ 'kh"Z laHk¥Íxh = d`h gS = Lƒku fd`l ns'k d`k gS = (A) vUrjkZÆV_h; eqnzk d`ks" (A) ,;j bf≥M;k (A) vejhd`k (B) phu (B) fo'o cßd` (B) tSV ,;jost (C) czkth¥ (D) Hkjr (C) fo'o O;kikj laxBu (C) xks ,;j 30. vDVw c j 2009 eÍ] 2008-09 d`h (D) ;wusLd`ks (D) ¯d`x fœ`'kj ekSfnzd` ,oa lk[ uhfr d`h nwljh 23. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ls vk|kfjd` 26. Hkjr eÍ ,d` u;k ijek.q fct¥h?j (Sekfld` leh{kk eÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls lajpuk] uoizorZu o lwpuk (Infrasfd`l ft¥s eÍ Lƒkfir d`jus d`h fd`l nj eÍ ifjorZu Hkjrh; fjtoZ tructure, Innovation and InformaukfHd`h; fo»qr fuxe d`h ;kstuk gS= cßd` }kjk fd`;k x;k gS= tion) ij iz|kuea(h d`k l¥kgd`kj (A) d`ksfPp ·ds`j¥‚ (A) cßd` nj xr vDVwcj ekg eÍ fu;qDr fd`;k (B) ukfld` ·egkjkÆV_‚ x;k gS = (B) ud`n vkj{k. vuqikr (C) ea M ¥k ·e÷; iz n s ' k‚ (A) lSe fi(kSnk (C) jsiks nj (D) jktd`ksV ·xqtjkr‚ (B) th\ ek|ou uk;j (D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 27. ;wjksi ds` fd`rus ns'kkÍ eÍ vc ,d`hd~`r (C) MkW\ lehj cz©pkjh m®jek¥k eqnzk ‘;wjks’ izp¥u eÍ gS = (D) MkW\ lh\ jaxjktu (A) 12 (B) 15 24. pk¥w fo®h; o"Z 2009-10 eÍ izR;{k (C) 18 (D) 21 d`jkÍ ls fd`ruh jkf'k ds` jktLo olw¥h d`k ds`Unz ljd`kj d`k la'kksf|r 28. lqj{kk ds` f¥, fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls ¥{; gS`= fd`l v¨Z lSU; c¥ d`h l'kqYd` lsok,∑ futh {ks( d`h d`Eifu;kÍ }kjk (A) 2,10,000 d`jksÈM :i, vc izkIr d`h tk ld`rh gß = (B) 2,90,000 d`jksÈM :i, (A) ,l,lch (C) 3,70,000 d`jksÈM :i, (B) vkbZVhchih ●●● (D) 4,00,000 d`jksÈM :i,

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/938

(B) (C) (D)

m\^\ ih\lh\,l\ lfEef¥r jkT;/voj v|huLƒ lsok fo'ks" p;u ·izk\‚ ijh{kk (2004), 24-5-2009 d`k g¥ iz'u-i( 16.

Hwxks¥ 01.

02.

03.

04.

05.

06.

07.

fo'o eÍ d`ikl (Cotton) d`k lcls cÈMk mRiknd` gS% (A) phu (B) Hkjr (C) lwMku (D) la;qâ` jkT; vejhd`k fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ;qXe lqesf¥r ugÓ gS= (A) Yok;j unh % ≠`kal (B) ehuke unh % d`EcksfM;k (C) vksfjuksd`ks unh % osustq,¥k (D) ok¥ unh % nf”. v≠`hd`k fd`f¥eUtkjks Tok¥keq[h (Volcano) ik;k tkrk gS% (A) bV¥h eÍ (B) b≥Mksusfæ;k eÍ (C) d`hU;k eÍ (D) fœ`¥hihUl eÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ld`ks ‘iksVZ vkWœ` œ`kbo lht’ d`gk tkrk gS= (A) ds`i Vkmu (B) gokuk (C) ekLd`ks (D) O¥kfMoksLVd` fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu fHUu ^d`kj ds` [fut (Mineral) d`k mRiknu d`jrk gS= (A) Mksuckl (B) f∂`oksbZ jksx (C) d`kjkxaMk (D) dq`tckl Dokaxpks ,d` ^eq[ uxj gS% (A) m®jh phu eÍ (B) iwohZ phu eÍ (C) nf”.h phu eÍ (D) if'peh phu eÍ lwph-I rƒk lwph-II d`k lqes¥ d`hft, rƒk fuEuf¥f[r dw`V ls lgh m®j pqfu,% lwph- I ·e:`Lƒ¥‚ (a) vVkd`kek e:Lƒ¥ (b) fxClu e:Lƒ¥ (c) uqfc;u e:Lƒ¥ (d) iSVkxksfu;u e:Lƒ¥ lwph-II ·nsæ‚ 1. vtsZUVhuk 2. vkLV_sf¥;k 3. fp¥h 4. lwMku dw`V # (A) (B) (C) (D)

(a) 1 3 4 3

(b) 3 2 3 2

(c) 4 4 2 1

(d) 2 1 1 4

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/939

08.

09.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

;wjsfu;e uxj vofLƒr gS% (A) vkLV_sf¥;k eÍ (B) d`ukMk eÍ (C) Ôl eÍ (D) nf”. v≠`hd`k eÍ xzS≥M dS`U;ku fufeZr d`h xbZ gS% (A) d`ks¥ksjsMks unh }kjk (B) fj;ks xzS≥Ms unh }kjk (C) Lusd` unh }kjk (D) ;wd`ksu unh }kjk fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l nf”. iwohZ ,fæ;k ds` nsæ eÍ bZlkbZ |eZ lcls ^Hkoæk¥h gS= (A) e¥sfæ;k (B) fœ`¥hihUl (C) ¯lxkiqj (D) ƒkbZ¥S≥M fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu lqesf¥r ugÓ gS= (A) d`kjkx≥Mk % ¥kSg v;Ld` (B) fd`Ec¥hZ % ghjk (C) lkj % d`ks;¥k (D) foVokVlZjßM % lksuk fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`u ns æ kÍ d`ks LdS`≥Mhusfo;k eÍ lfEef¥r fd`;k tkrk gS= uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j pqfu,% 1. MsuekdZ` 2. vkbl¥S≥M 3. ukosZ 4. LohMu dw`V # (A) 1 ,oa 2 (B) 3 ,oa 4 (C) 1, 2 ,oa 4 (D) lHh d`ƒu (A) : vkslkd`k d`ks tkiku d`k eSUpsLVj d`gk tkrk gS\ d`kj. (R) : ;g tkiku d`k vxz.h (Leading) lwrh oL( ds`Unz gS\ uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j pqfu,% dw`V # (A) (A) rƒk (R) nksukÍ lgh gß rƒk (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS (B) (A) rƒk (R) nksukÍ lgh gß] ijUrq (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k ugÓ gS (C) (A) lgh gS] ijUrq (R) x¥r gS (D) (A) x¥r gS] ijUrq (R) lgh gS uhnj¥S≥M d`h jkt|kuh gS% (A) ,ElVMZe eÍ (B) fn gsx eÍ (C) jkVMZe eÍ (D) mVjspV eÍ iukek ugj iukek d`h [kÈMh d`ks tksÈMrh gS% (A) d`Eisps d`h [kÈMh ls

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

Msfj;u d`h [kÈMh ls gksUMwjkl d`h [kÈMh ls VsgqvkUVsisd` d`h [kÈMh ls Hkjr ds` HkSfed`h; bfrgkl d`k iqjk. egkd`Yi (Era) i~Foh ds` HkSfed`h; le; ekid` ds` vuqÔi gS% (A) vtho egkd`Yi (Azoic Era) ds` (B) e÷;tho egkd`Yi (Mesozoic Era) ds` (C) iqjktho egkd`Yi (Palaeozoic Era) ds` (D) ^kxΩ tho egkd`Yi (Proterozoic Era) ds` d`ƒu (A) : vkfdZ`;u fæ¥k,∑ Hkjr d`h ^kphure æS¥Í (Oldest Rocks) gß\ d`kj. (R) : ;s vR;f|d` ÔikUrfjr æS¥Í (Metamorphosed Rocks) gß\ uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j pqfu,% dw`V # (A) (A) rƒk (R) nksukÍ lgh gß rƒk (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS (B) (A) rƒk (R) nksukÍ lgh gß] ijUrq (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k ugÓ gS (C) (A) lgh gS] ijUrq (R) x¥r gS (D) (A) x¥r gS] ijUrq (R) lgh gS Hkjr eÍ lokZf|d` Î`f" ”s( (Cropped Area) ok¥k jkT; gS% (A) e÷; ^nsæ (B) fcgkj (C) iatkc (D) m®j ^nsæ Hkjr eÍ d`ks;¥k ds` nks lcls cÈMs mRiknd` gß% (A) fcgkj ,oa if'pe caxk¥ (B) >kj[≥M ,oa N®hlxÈ< (C) e÷; ^nsæ ,oa mÈMhlk (D) vkU|z ^nsæ ,oa N®hlxÈ< Hkjr eÍ m»ksxkÍ d`k muds` d`ks;¥k miHksx ds` lUnHZ eÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk lgh vojksgh vuq∂`e gS= (A) rkih; æfâ`] oL(] lhes≥V] ¥kSg ,oa bLikr (B) ¥kSg ,oa bLikr] lhes≥V] oL(] rkih; æfâ` (C) rkih; æfâ`] ¥kSSg ,oa bLikr] lhes≥V] oL( (D) ¥kSg ,oa bLikr] rkih; æfâ`] lhes≥V] oL( lwph-I rƒk lwph-II d`k lqes¥ d`hft, rƒk uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j pqfu,% lwph- I lwph-II ·vkS»ksfxd` ds`Unz‚ ·m»ksx‚ (a) vk∑o¥k 1. ˜uh oL( (b) d`iwjƒ¥k 2. moZjd` (c) ¥qf|;kuk 3. js¥ fMCcs (d) lgkjuiqj 4. d`kxt

27.

dw`V # (A) (B) (C) (D) 22.

(a) 1 2 2 4

(b) 2 3 3 2

(c) 3 4 1 1

(d) 4 1 4 3

28.

fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu Hkjr eÍ fofæÆV ekulwu ouLifr (Vegetation) d`ks ^nfæZr d`jrk gS= (A) mÆ.d`fVca|h; lnki.hZ ou (Tropical Evergreen Forest) (B) mÆ.d`fVca|h; i.Zikrh ou (Tropical Deciduous Forest) (C) mÆ.d`fVca|h; d`k∑Vsnkj ou (Tropical Thorn Forest) (D) miksÆ.d`fVca|h; lnki.hZ ou (Sub-Tropical Evergreen Forest)

23.

fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ;qXe lqesf¥r ugÓ gS= (A) gSnjkckn % Î`Æ.k (B) tc¥iqj % ueZnk (C) d`ksVk % pEc¥ (D) ukfld` % xksnkojh 24. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ;qXe lqesf¥r ugÓ gS= (A) cS¥kMh¥k % N®hlxÈ< (B) ds`euxq≥Mh % d`ukZVd` (C) uksvkeq≥Mh % >kj[≥M (D) xq:efglkuh % egkjkÆV_ 25. d`ƒu (A) : Hkjr ds` m®jh eSnku eÍ xaxk unh d`k ekxZ nf”.–iwohZ gS\ d`kj. (R) : iksVoj iBkj eÍ vrhr eÍ mRƒku ds` lk{; fe¥s gß\ uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j pqfu,% dw`V # (A) (A) ,oa (R) nksukÍ lgh gß rƒk (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS (B) (A) ,oa (R) nksukÍ lgh gß] ijUrq (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k ugÓ gS (C) (A) lgh gS] ijUrq (R) x¥r gS (D) (A) x¥r gS] ijUrq (R) lgh gS 26. d`ƒu (A) : Hkjr eÍ vUrLƒ¥h; t¥ekxksÛ (Inland Waterways) d`k cÈMs iSekus ij fod`kl ugÓ gqvk gS\ d`kj. (R) : Hkjr eÍ o"kZ ,d`leku (Uniform) ugÓ gS\ uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j pqfu,% dw`V # (A) (A) ,oa (R) nksukÍ lgh gß rƒk (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS (B) (A) ,oa (R) nksukÍ lgh gß] ijUrq (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k ugÓ gS (C) (A) lgh gS] ijUrq (R) x¥r gS (D) (A) x¥r gS] ijUrq (R) lgh gS

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/940

29.

30.

31.

32.

rs¥ unh lgk;d` (Tributary) unh gS% (A) xksnkojh unh d`h (B) Î`Æ.k unh d`h (C) egkunh d`h (D) ueZnk unh d`h fæid`h ¥k ^fl* ioZrh; njkZ (Mountain Pass) gS% (A) fgekp¥ ^nsæ d`k (B) tEew ,oa d`'ehj d`k (C) flfDd`e d`k (D) m®jk[≥M d`k gfj;k.k d`h lhek ugÓ fe¥rh gS% (A) fgekp¥ ^nsæ ls (B) e÷; ^nsæ ls (C) jktLƒku ls (D) m®jk[≥M ls ekgh unh fxjrh gS% (A) d`PN d`h [kÈMh eÍ (B) d`PN ds` ju eÍ (C) d`PN ds` f¥fV¥ ju eÍ (D) [EHkr d`h [kÈMh eÍ Hkjr eÍ pko¥ d`k lokZf|d` ”s( ik;k tkrk gS% (A) vkU|z ^nsæ eÍ (B) mÈMhlk eÍ (C) m®j ^nsæ eÍ (D) if'pe caxk¥ eÍ Hkjr ds` fuEuf¥f[r jkT;kÍ d`ks muds` pko¥ ds` mRiknu ds` vojksgh ∂`e eÍ O;ofLƒr d`hft,\ lgh m®j ds` p;u gsrq uhps fn, x, dw`V d`k mi;ksx d`hft,% 1. vkU|z ^nsæ 3. iatkc 2. m®j ^nsæ 4. if'pe caxk¥ dw`V # (A) 3, 4, 2, 1 (C) 4, 2, 1, 3

33.

dw`V # (A) 1 ,oa 2 (C) 3 ,oa 4

(B) 2 ,oa 3 (D) 2 ,oa 4

Hkjr eÍ lokZf|d` æq* ¯lfpr ”s( (Net Irrigated Area) ik;k tkrk gS% (A) gfj;k.k eÍ (B) e÷; ^nsæ eÍ (C) m®j ^nsæ eÍ (D) iatkc eÍ 36. Hkjr ds` fuEuf¥f[r jkT;kÍ d`ks muds` nqX| mRiknu ds` vojksgh ∂`e eÍ O;ofLƒr d`hft,\ lgh m®j ds` p;u gsrq uhps fn, x, dw`V d`k mi;ksx d`hft,% 1. vkU|z ^nsæ 2. iatkc 3. jktLƒku 4. m®j ^nsæ dw`V # 35.

(A) 4, 2, 3, 1 (C) 1, 2, 3, 4 37.

38.

39.

40.

(B) 4, 1, 3, 2 (D) 2, 4, 1, 3

Hkjr eÍ eDd`k (Maize) ds` nks c~g®e mRiknd` gß% (A) vkU|z ^nsæ ,oa egkjkÆV_ 41. (B) d`ukZVd` ,oa m®j ^nsæ (C) vkU|z ^nsæ ,oa fcgkj (D) d`ukZVd` ,oa vkU|z ^nsæ 34. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSuls d`ƒu lgh gß= lgh m®j ds` p;u gsrq fuEuf¥f[r dw`V d`k mi;ksx d`hft,% 42. 1. Hkjr eÍ Tokj d`k lokZf|d` ”s( d`ukZVd` eÍ ik;k tkrk gS\ 2. Hkjr eÍ jktLƒku tkS d`k lcls cÈMk 43. mRiknd` gS\ 3. Hkjr eÍ egkjkÆV_ ds`¥s d`k lcls cÈMk mRiknd` gS\ 4. Hkjr eÍ m®j ^nsæ vk¥w d`k lcls cÈMk mRiknd` gS\

(B) 4, 3, 2, 1 (D) 1, 4, 2, 3

Hkjr eÍ d`Ppk ˜u d`k c~g®e mRiknd` (Largest Producer) gS% (A) vkU|z ^nsæ (B) tEew ,oa d`'ehj (C) d`ukZVd` (D) jktLƒku fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ;qXe lqesf¥r ugÓ gS= (A) bZjh jsæe % vle (B) ew∑xk jsæe % v:.kp¥ ^nsæ (C) ægrwr jsæe % d`ukZVd` (D) Vlj jsæe % >kj[≥M Hkjr eÍ |kfRod` [futkÍ d`h lokZf|d` [nkuÍ ikbZ tkrh gß% (A) xqtjkr eÍ (B) >kj[≥M eÍ (C) d`ukZVd` eÍ (D) mÈMhlk eÍ Hkjr eÍ ¥kSg v;Ld` ds` nks c~g®e (Largest) mRiknd` gß% (A) >kj[≥M ,oa mÈMhlk (B) xksok ,oa N®hlxÈ< (C) mÈMhlk ,oa d`ukZVd` (D) vkU|z ^nsæ ,oa mÈMhlk Hkjr eÍ ^kÎ`frd` xSl d`h ^eq[ vkiwfrZ ^kIr d`h tkrh gS% (A) vkU|z ^nsæ ls (B) vle ls (C) xqtjkr ls (D) ckWEcs gkbZ ls Hkjr eÍ ær ^frær xk∑o fo»qrhÎ`r gß% (A) N®hlxÈ< eÍ (B) egkjkÆV_ eÍ (C) iatkc eÍ (D) rfe¥ukMq eÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk uxj lh|h rkSj ij Lof.Ze prqHqZt (Golden Quadrangle) ls ugÓ tqÈMk gS= (A) vgenkckn (B) cs¥xke (C) Hqous'oj (D) ¥[u˜

dw`V # jkÆV_h; egkekxZ la“;k 1 fnY¥h d`ks tksÈMrk 55. lwph -I rƒk lwph-II d`ks lqesf¥r d`hft, (a) (b) (c) (d) gS% rƒk uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j (A) 1 2 4 3 pqfu,% (A) d`ks¥d`krk ls (B) eqEcbZ ls (B) 2 3 4 1 lwph- I lwph-II (C) ve~rlj ls (D) ¥[u˜ ls (C) 4 3 2 1 ·Lƒkuh; iouÍ ‚ ·ns æ‚ 45. Hkjr eÍ vuq l w f pr tutkfr;kÍ d`h (D) 2 4 3 1 (a) fpuw d ` 1. U;wth¥S≥M lokZf|d` tula“;k ikbZ tkrh gS% 51. fuEuf¥f[r ufn;kÍ eÍ ls d`kSuls vkjksfir (b) ukos Z L Vj 2. fLoVΩtj¥S≥M (A) >kj[≥M eÍ viokg ra( (Superimposed Drainage (c) feLV_k¥ 3. ;w\ ,l\ ,\ (B) e÷; ^nsæ eÍ System) ds` mnkgj. gß= uhps fn, x, (d) œ`ks g u 4. Lisu dw ` V ls lgh m®j pq f u,% (C) mÈMhlk eÍ dw ` V # 1. cukl 2. pEc¥ (D) N®hlxÈ< eÍ (a) (b) (c) (d) 3. xks e rh 4. ueZnk 46. i~Foh d`h mRif® ls lEcfU|r la?±u (A) 3 1 4 2 dw`V # ifjd`Yiuk (Collision Hypothesis) (B) 2 1 3 4 laæksf|r Ôi gS% (A) 1 rƒk 2 (B) 2 rƒk 3 (C) 3 2 4 1 (C) 1 rƒk 3 (A) xzgk.q ifjd`Yiuk (Planetesimal (D) 3 rƒk 4 (D) 4 3 1 2 Hypothesis) d`k 52. d`ksisu ds` fo'o t¥ok;q ds` oxhZd`j. ds` (B) }Srkjd` ifjd`Yiuk (Binary Star vk|kj ij lwph-I vkSj lwph-II d`k lqes¥ 56. ok;qe≥M¥ ds` fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l ijr eÍ t¥okÆi d`k lokZf|d` lads`Unz. Hypothesis) d`k d`hft, rƒk fuEukafd`r dw`V ls lgh m®j (Concentration) ik;k tkrk gS= (C) Tokjh; ifjd`Yiuk (Tidal Hypopqfu,\ (A) vk;u e≥M¥ (Ionosphere) thesis) d`k lwph- I ·^rhd`‚ (B) e÷; e≥M¥ (Mesosphere) (D) lqijuksok ifjd`Yiuk (Supernova (a) Af (b) Aw (C) lerki e≥M¥ (Stratosphere) Hypothesis) d`k (c) Cf (d) Cs (D) ”ksH e≥M¥ (Troposphere) 47. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ld`k mi;ksx i~Foh lwph-II ·t¥ok;q‚ d`h vk;q ds` fu|kZj. eÍ ugÓ fd`;k tkrk gS= 57. ok;qe≥M¥ eÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk 1. if'peh ;wjksih; t¥ok;q (A) lkeq f nz d ` ¥o.rk (Oceanic es? lokZf|d` ˜∑pkbZ ij ik;k tkrk gS= 2. Hwe÷;lkxjh; t¥ok;q Salinity) (A) i”kH–d`iklh (Cirro–Cumulus) 3. Hwe÷;js[h; t¥ok;q (B) lw;Z d`k Tokjh; c¥ (Tidal Force) (B) i”kH (Cirrus) 4. lokuk t¥ok;q (C) volknhd`j. (Sedimentation) Lrjh (Stratus) (C) dw`V # (D) pUnzek d`k Tokjh; c¥ (Tidal (D) d`iklh (Cumulus) (a) (b) (c) (d) Force) (A) 1 3 4 2 58. tukafd`d`h; la∂`e. fl*kUr (Demo(B) 4 2 1 3 48. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu I¥sV foorZu graphic Transition Theory) d`ks ^fr(C) 3 4 1 2 fl*kUr (Plate Tectonic Theory) d`k ikfnr fd`;k ƒk% (D) 3 4 2 1 vk|kj ugÓ gS= (A) ,\ bZ\ ,sd`jeSu us (A) Hw e ≥M¥h; t¥ok;q ifjorZ u 53. |zqoh; lhekxzkÍ (Polar Fronts) ds` ckjs eÍ (B) ƒkWel jkWcVZ ekYƒl us (Global Climatic Change) fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ ij fopkj d`hft, (C) MCY;w\ ,l\ ƒkWEilu ,oa ,œ`\ rƒk uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j (B) egk}hih; foLƒkiu (Continental MCY;w\ uksVsLVsu us pqfu,% Drift) (D) ,\ bZ\ ,sd`jeSu ,oa MCY;w\ ts¯¥Ld`h 1. ;s e÷; v”kaæh; HkxkÍ eÍ nksukÍ us (C) lkxj-r¥ ^lj. (Sea Floor xks¥k*ksÛ eÍ fufeZr gksrs gß\ Spreading) 2. ;s ^ækUr vkSj vU| egklkxjkÍ ds` 59. fuEuf¥f[r Hkjrh; tutkfr;kÍ eÍ ls (D) iqjkpqEcd`h;rk (Palaeomagnetism) d`kSu nzkfoÈM oaæ ls lEcfU|r gS= uhps m®jh HkxkÍ eÍ vf|d` fod`flr gksrs fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j pqfu,% gß\ 49. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l Hw–vkÎ`fr d`h (1) vaxkeh ukxk jpuk iou f∂`;k ls ugÓ gksrh gS= 3. ;s |zqoh; lkxjh; vkSj mÆ.d`fVca|h; (2) HksfV;k egk}hih; ok;qjkfæ;kÍ ds ` vfHlj. (A) cqVsl (B) bUlsYcxZ (3) xkÍM (Convergence) ls curs gß\ (C) ¥Siht (D) ;kjMk∑Xl (4) laƒk¥ 4. ;s lhekxz (Fronts) xzhÆe )`rq eÍ 50. lwph -I rƒk lwph -II d`k lqes¥ d`hft, rƒk dw `V # vf|d` lf∂`; jgrs gß\ fuEuf¥f[r dw`V ls lgh m®j pqfu,% (A) 1 ,oa 2 (B) 2 ,oa 3 dw`V # lwph- I (C) 3 ,oa 4 (D) 1 ,oa 4 (A) 1 ,oa 2 (B) 2 ,oa 3 (a) jsfM;ks|feZrk fl*kUr (C) 1 ,oa 3 (D) 3 ,oa 4 60. ekuo ^tkfr;kÍ ds` forj. ls lEcfU|r (b) egk}hih; fœ`l¥u fl*kUr isVh ,oa laLrj fl*kUr d`ks ^frikfnr 54. egklkxjkÍ ds` fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l Hkx (c) rkih; ladq`pu fl*kUr fd`;k ƒk% eÍ tuojh vkSj tq¥kbZ eÍ egklkxjh; (d) rkih; laogu rjax fl*kUr (A) ,\lh\ gSMu us |kjkvkÍ (Ocean Currents) ds` fHUu ra( lwph-II ns[s tkrs gß= (B) ,\ ,¥\ ∂`kscj us 1. gksEl 2. tks¥h (A) m®jh ^ækUr (B) m®jh vU| (C) gcZVZ fjÈt¥h us 3. Ms¥h 4. ts≠`ht (C) nf”.h vU| (D) m®jh fgUn (D) fxzfœ`ƒ Vs¥j us 44.

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/941

61.

62.

63.

64.

65.

66.

67.

68.

‘Lƒku–d`k;Z–tulk|kj.’ (Place– Work– Folk) ds` f(Ro d`ks ^Lrqr fd`;k ƒk% (A) ,\ ts\ gcZVZlu us (B) lh\ ch\ œ`klsV us (C) ¥h I¥s us (D) iSfV_d` xsMht us fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu ifjorZuæh¥ Î`f" ds` ^d`kj gß= uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j pqfu,% 1. >w¯ex 2. feYik 3. V_d` œ`kfeÛx 4. œS`ts≥Mk dw`V # (A) 1 ,oa 2 (B) 2 ,oa 3 (C) 3 ,oa 4 (D) 1 ,oa 4 d`ƒu (A) : ioZrkÍ eÍ tula“;k foj¥ (Sparsely) gksrh gS\ d`kj. (R) : ;s vYi lalk|ukÍ (Scanty Resources) ds` ^nsæ gß\ uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j pqfu,\ dw`V # (A) (A) rƒk (R) nksukÍ lgh gß rƒk (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS (B) (A) rƒk (R) nksukÍ lgh gß] ijUrq (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k ugÓ gS (C) (A) lgh gS] ijUrq (R) x¥r gS (D) (A) x¥r gS] ijUrq (R) lgh gS ^lEHkO;okn d`h lad`Yiuk (Concept of Probabilism) d`ks ^frikfnr fd`;k ƒk% (A) lh\ Mh\ œ`ksMZ us (B) bZ\ lh\ lsEiq¥ us (C) thu czwaæ us (D) vks\ ,p\ ds`\ LisV us ‘i~Foh ds` fu;e ds` ckjs eÍ mlh ls gh iwNuk pkfg,’ oâ`O; gS% (A) gSxjLV_ßM d`k (B) gkVZæksuZ d`k (C) fjVj d`k (D) LV_Scks d`k fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus ∏lekosæh inkuq∂`e fl*kUrπ (Nested Hierarchy Theory) d`k ^friknu fd`;k ƒk= (A) vxLr ¥kWæ (B) f∂`LVk¥j (C) isjksDl (D) fœ`fYczd` dq`njrh lalk|ukÍ d`h ‘vk|kjHwr Nk;k (Phantom Pile) lad`Yiuk’ d`k ^friknu fd`;k ƒk% (A) th\ v¥sDtS≥Mj us (B) th\,p\ fLeƒ us (C) ,u\ fxUlcxZ us (D) MCY;w\ bZ\ ftejesu us fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus ‘vkblksMksiku’ d`h lad`Yiuk d`ks fn;k gS= (A) vY≠s`M oscj us (B) Mh\ ,e\ fLeƒ us (C) okWu ƒwusu us (D) MCY;w\ btkMZ us

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/942

69.

uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j pqfu,% dw`V # (A) (A) rƒk (R) nksukÍ lgh gß rƒk (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS (B) (A) rƒk (R) nksukÍ lgh gß] ijUrq (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k ugÓ gS (C) (A) lgh gS] ijUrq (R) x¥r gS (D) (A) x¥r gS] ijUrq (R) lgh gS 77. ikfjfLƒfrd` ra( d`h fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh foæs"rk,a gß= lgh m®j ds` p;u gsrq uhps fn, x, dw`V d`k mi;ksx d`hft,% 1. ;g ,d` lao~r ra( (Closed System) gS ftleÍ inkƒZ vkSj ˜tkZ d`k vuojr ^okg gksrk jgrk gS\ 2. bld`k le; bd`kbZ ds` lUnHZ eÍ (Ecosystem Uniformity) i;Zos”. fd`;k tkrk gS\ (B) ikfjfLƒfrd` ra( d`h fofo|rk 3. bld`k la?Vu ˜tkZ] inkƒZ vkSj (Ecosystem Diversity) Lƒku ds` rhu ew¥Hwr la?Vd`kÍ }kjk (C) ikfjfLƒfrd` ra( d`h tfV¥rk gksrk gS\ (Ecosystem Complexity) 4. bld`h futh mRiknd`rk (Own (D) LolkE;kofLƒr f∂`;kfof| (HomeProductivity) gksrh gS\ ostatic Mechanism) dw`V # 72. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu ikfjfLƒfrd` ra( (A) 1 ,oa 2 (B) 2 ,oa 3 d`k Loiks"h (Autotroph of the Eco(C) 2 ,oa 4 (D) 3 ,oa 4 system) gS= 78. lwph -I rƒk lwph-II d`k lqes¥ d`hft, (A) tUrq (Animal) rƒk fuEuf¥f[r dw`V ls lgh m®j (B) ekuo (Man) pqfu,% (C) lw{e tho (Micro-organism) lwph-I lwph-II (D) ikS|k (Plant) ·jkÆV_h; m»ku‚ ·jkT;‚ 73. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu rktk t¥h; (a) d`kUgk 1. vle ikfjfLƒfrd` ra( d`k Hkx ugÓ gS= (b) jksg¥k 2. fgekp¥ ^nsæ (A) lfjrk ikfjfLƒfrd` ra( (River (c) ckanhiqj 3. e÷; ^nsæ Ecosystem) (d) d`kthjaxk 4. d`ukZVd` (B) >h¥ ikfjfLƒfrd` ra( (Lake dw`V # Ecosystem) (a) (b) (c) (d) (C) n¥n¥ ikfjfLƒfrd` ra( (Marsh fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus ‘æL; la;kstu ^nsæ’ d`h lad`Yiuk d`ks ^frikfnr fd`;k= (A) vY≠s`M oscj (B) ts\ lh\ ohoj (C) Mh\ fÿVYlh (D) vkj\ ts\ æks¥sZ 70. ‘¥ksds`æu ,≥M Lisl bd`ksukseh’ iqLrd` d`k ¥s[d` gS% (A) ,\ ¥kWæ (B) lh\ ,œ`\ tksUl (C) bZ\ MCY;w\ ftejesu (D) MCY;w\ btkMZ 71. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu ikfjfLƒfrd`h; fLƒjrk (Ecological Stability) d`ks cuk, j[us eÍ lgk;d` ugÓ gS= (A) ikfjfLƒfrd` ra( d`h ,d`Ôirk

Ecosystem) (D) Tokjuneq[h ikfjfLƒfrd` (Estuarine Ecosystem) 74.

ra(

(A) (B) (C) (D)

3 3 1 4

1 2 3 2

2 4 4 3

4 1 2 1

fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu tSfod` i;kZoj. (Biotic Environment) d`k Hkx gS= 79. Hkjr ds` Lƒ¥kÎ`frd` ekufp(kÍ (Topo(A) ok;qe≥M¥ (Atmosphere) graphical Maps of India) eÍ ,d` vaæ (B) tSoe≥M¥ (Biosphere) æhV d`k ekid` gksrk gS% (C) t¥e≥M¥ (Hydrosphere) (A) 1/25,000 (D) Lƒ¥e≥M¥ (Lithosphere) (B) 1/2,50,000 (C) 1/50,000 75. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu ikfƒZo ck;kse thoe≥M¥ ra( d`k Hkx ugÓ gS= (D) 1/1,25,000 (A) ikni ra( (Plant System) 80. ekSle d`h næk] æq* æL; ”s( (Net (B) tUrq ra( (Animal System) Crop Acreage), cq v kbZ d`h vof| (C) æS¥ ra( (Rock System) bR;kfn ,d` lkƒ ^nfæZr fd`;k tk ld`rk gS% (D) e~nk ra( (Soil System) (A) ghnjxzkœ` }kjk 76. d`ƒu (A) : t¥ok;q ifjorZu xjhckÍ ds` (B) D¥kbeksxzkœ` }kjk f¥, ekSr d`k œa`nk (Death Trap) gS\ (C) bxksZxzkœ` }kjk d`kj. (R) : blls chekfj;kÍ ds` cÈ<us d`k tksf[e gS\ (D) cS≥Mxzkœ` }kjk

81. 1 : 50,000

ds` ekid` ok¥s Lƒ¥kÎ`frd` ekufp( ij ^R;sd` æhV d`k eki gksrk gS% (A) 5′ v”kaæ × 5′ nsækUrj (B) 10′ v”kaæ × 10′ nsækUrj (C) 15′ v”kaæ × 15′ nsækUrj (D) 1° v”kaæ × 1° nsækUrj 82. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh cksu ^”si d`h foæs"rk ugÓ gS= (A) v”kaæ lads`Unzh; o∂` (Concentric Curves) gß (B) lHh v”kaækÍ ds` lgkjs ekid` lgh ik;k tkrk gS (C) lHh nsækUrjkÍ ds` lgkjs ekid` lgh ik;k tkrk gS (D) ;g ,d` le”s( ^”si (Equal Area Projection) gS 83. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l ekufp( ^”si ij |zqo d`ks ugÓ fn[k;k tk ld`rk gS= (A) le”s( cs¥ukd`kj (Cylindrical

(C) (D)

88.

89.

90.

Equal Area) (B) ejds`Vj (Mercator) (C) ek¥ohM (Mollweide) (D) lkbuqLokbM¥ (Sinusoidal) 84.

fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ;qXe lqesf¥r ugÓ gS= (A) |qU| (Haze) (B) vks¥k (Hail) (C) vksl (Dew) (D) bUnz|uq" (Rainbow) 85. rfÈMr >a>k (Thunderstorms) lEcfU|r gksrs gß% (A) i”kH es?kÍ (Cirrus Clouds) ls (B) e÷; d`iklh es?kÍ (Altocumulus Clouds) ls (C) o"kZ–Lrjh es?kÍ (Nimbo–Stratus Clouds) ls (D) d`iklh-o"hZ es?kÍ (Cumulo– Nimbus Clouds) ls 86. d`ƒu (A) : X¥ksc ij nks fcUnqvkÍ ds` chp d`h ¥?q®e nwjh c~grΩ o~® gksrk gS\ d`kj. (R) : lHh v”kaæ c~grΩ o~® ds` Hkx gß\ uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j pqfu,% dw`V # (A) (A) rƒk (R) nksukÍ lgh gß rƒk (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS (B) (A) rƒk (R) nksukÍ lgh gß] rƒk (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k ugÓ gS (C) (A) lgh gS] ijUrq (R) x¥r gS (D) (A) x¥r gS] ijUrq (R) lgh gS 87. Lusd` unh ^okfgr gksrh gS% (A) czkth¥ mPpHwfe ds` chp ls (B) d`ks¥fEc;k iBkj ds` chp ls

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/943

91.

92.

93.

94.

95.

96.

eSfDld`ks iBkj ds` chp ls ¥kjsfUæ;k mPp Hwfe ds` chp ls isfjuht ioZr lhek cukrs gß% (A) ≠`kal ,oa teZuh ds` chp (B) bV¥h ,oa fLoVΩtj¥S≥M ds` chp (C) iqrZxk¥ ,oa Lisu ds` chp (D) Lisu ,oa ≠`kal ds` chp nf”.h fp¥h eÍ ikbZ tkrh gS% (A) mÆ. e:Lƒ¥h; t¥ok;q (B) mÆ. ekulwu t¥ok;q (C) Hwe÷;lkxjh; t¥ok;q (D) if'peh ;wjksih; t¥ok;q æadq`|kjh oukÍ (Coniferous Forests) ds` ckjs eÍ fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ d`ks ifÈ<, rƒk uhps fn, x, dw`V ls lgh m®j pqfu,% 1. ;s d`ÈMh ¥d`ÈMh ok¥s gß\ 2. ;s xzhÆe )`rq eÍ if®;k∑ fxjkrs gß\ 3. bud`k O;kikfjd` n~fÆV ls lokZf|d` nksgu gqvk gS\ 4. bud`h bekjrh ¥d`ÈMh d`ks O;kikfjd` n~fÆV ls ‘Mh¥oqM’ d`gk tkrk gS\ dw`V # (A) 1 ,oa 2 (B) 2 ,oa 3 (C) 3 ,oa 4 (D) 1 ,oa 4 fo'o eÍ lokZf|d` fææq eR;Zrk (Infant Mortality) ok¥k nsæ gS% (A) vœ`xkfuLrku (B) bjkd` (C) bfƒ;ksfi;k (D) lksekf¥;k gk¥ eÍ lokZf|d` tula“;k o~f* ·^frær eÍ‚ ns[h xbZ gS% (A) ,fæ;k ds` nsækÍ eÍ (B) ¥SfVu vejhd`k ds` nsækÍ eÍ (C) v≠`hd`k ds` nsækÍ eÍ (D) vkslsfu;k ds` nsækÍ eÍ phu ,oa Hkjr ds` ckn fo'o d`k lcls cÈMk tula“;k ok¥k nsæ gS% (A) czkth¥ (B) b≥Mksusfæ;k (C) ikfd`Lrku (D) la;qâ` jkT; vejhd`k fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l nsæ d`h tula“;k eÍ lokZf|d` ^frær Ökl ik;k x;k gS= (A) cqYxkfj;k (B) tkftZ;k (C) tkiku (D) Ôl fuEuf¥f[r eÍs ls d`kSu nf”. iwoZ ,fæ;k d`k nsæ lokZf|d` uxjhÎ`r gS= (A) czwubZ (B) e¥sfæ;k (C) fœ`f¥ihUl (D) ¯lxkiqj if'pe ,fæ;k d`k lokZf|d` ?uk clk (Densely Populated) nsæ gS%

(A) (B) (C) (D) 97.

98.

99.

100.

cgjhu btjkb¥ ¥scuku la;qâ` vjc vehjkr fo'o d`k lcls cÈMk vukt (Cereals) mRiknd` gS% (A) czkth¥ (B) phu (C) Hkjr (D) la;qâ` jkT; vejhd`k fo'o ds` nks lcls cÈMs xsgw∑ mRiknd` gß% (A) vkLV_sf¥;k ,oa la;qâ` jkT; vejhd`k (B) d`ukMk ,oa Ôl (C) phu ,oa Hkjr (D) ≠`kal ,oa vtsZUVhuk fo'o eÍ d`kxt vkSj x®k (Paper Board) d`k lcls cÈMk mRiknd` gS% (A) d`ukMk (B) phu (C) tkiku (D) la;qâ` jkT; vejhd`k fuEuf¥f[r ;qXekÍ eÍ ls d`kSu lqesf¥r gS= (A) cgjhu % vd`eks¥k (B) eksYnksok % fo¥fu;l (C) ukbtj % fu;keh (D) Lokth¥S≥M % eksxkfnæw

m®j O;k“;k lfgr

●●●

æs" i~ÆB 928 d`k 49.

ikfjfLƒfrd`-ra( eÍ ˜tkZ d`k lzksr gS% (A) lw;Z (B) gjs ikS|s (C) izd`k'k-la'¥s". eÍ iSnk gksus ok¥h 'kdZ`jk (D) ,\ Vh\ ih\ 50. LVsu¥sl LVh¥ eÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk rRo ugÓ gksrk = (A) vk;ju (B) VaXLVu (C) dz`ksfe;e (D) fud`¥

m®j O;k“;k lfgr

●●●

UPKAR’S

L etter W riting An Art

[Useful for Competitive Exams.] By : B. L. Rawat Price : Rs. 55/Published by : UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA–2

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/945

;w\ih\ih\lh\,l\ lfEef¥r jkT;/voj v|huLƒ lsok fo'ks" p;u ·izk\‚ ijh{kk (2008), 22-2-2009 d`k g¥ iz'u-i(

jktuhfr foKku 01.

02.

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06.

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jkT; d`h mRif® d`k lokZf|d` Lohd`k;Z fl*kUr gS% (A) æfâ` fl*kUr (B) lkekftd` lafonk fl*kUr (C) fod`kloknh fl*kUr (D) nSoh mRif®–fl*kUr fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l vk;ksx d`h fu;qfâ` ds`Unz–jkT; lEcU|kÍ d`k ijh”. d`jus ds` f¥, d`h xbZ ƒh= (A) d`ksBkjh vk;ksx (B) ækg vk;ksx (C) ljd`kfj;k vk;ksx (D) e≥M¥ vk;ksx fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk in ds`o¥ lalnkRed` æklu ^.k¥h eÍ gh ik;k tkrk gS= (A) jkÆV_ifr (B) mi–jkÆV_ifr (C) ^|kuea(h (D) jktk fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ncko–lewg d`k d`k;Z ugÓ gS= (A) ljd`kj–fuekZ. ds` f¥, pquko ¥ÈMuk (B) vius i”|j v˙;fƒZ;kÍ d`ks fuokZfpr d`jkus eÍ lgk;rk d`juk (C) vius fgrkÍ d`h iwfrZ–gsrq fo|k;d`kÍ d`k leƒZu ^kIr d`jus ds` ^;kstu ls mUgÍ laj”. nsuk (D) tuer d`k leƒZu ^kIr d`jus ds` f¥, mls ^Hkfor d`juk fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk lalnh; æklu ^.k¥h d`k vifjgk;Z rRo ·xq.‚ gS= (A) ¥ph¥k lafo|ku (B) d`k;Zikf¥d`k rƒk fo|kf;d`k d`k leUo; (C) U;k;ikf¥d`k d`h loksZPprk (D) lalnh; lE^Hqrk ;g fd`lus d`gk] ∏¥sfo;kƒu vk∑X¥ Hk"k eÍ f¥[h xbZ jktuhfrd` næZu d`h egkure vkSj lEHor# ,d`ek( vfr m®e jpuk gSπ= (A) vksd`ækWV (B) M¯ux (C) lsckbu (D) ckdZ`j jkÆV_ifr ds` fuokZpu lEcU|h fookn d`k fu.Z; fd`lds` }kjk fd`;k tkrk gS= (A) fuokZpu vk;ksx (B) loksZPp U;k;k¥; (C) jkT; lHk (D) laln

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/946

08.

09.

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11.

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13.

¥ksd`k;qâ` viuk ^frosnu fd`lds` le” ^Lrqr d`j ld`rk gS= (A) eq“;ea(h (B) mPp U;k;k¥; ds` eq“; U;k;k|hæ (C) jkT;ik¥ (D) fo|kulHk ds` v÷;” ∏Lora(rk ml d`k;Z d`ks d`jus vƒok miHksx d`jus d`h ld`kjkRed` æfâ` ;k ”erk gS] tks d`jus vƒok miHksx d`jus ds` ;ksX; gS\π ;g fd`lus d`gk gS= (A) lqd`jkr (B) I¥sVks (C) d`k≥V (D) xzhu laoS|kfud` æklu d`k vƒZ gS% (A) lafo|ku ds` ^ko|kukÍ ds` vuqlkj æklu (B) fof| d`k æklu (C) ukxfjd` vf|d`kj (D) mi;qZâ` lHh fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh ljd`kj ‘lkewfgd` m®jnkf;Ro’ ds` fl*kUr ij d`k;Z d`jrh gS= (A) lalnkRed` (Parliamentary) (B) v÷;”kRed` (Presidential) (C) ,d`kRed` (Unitary) (D) la?kRed` (Federal) vf¥f[r lafo|ku lkekU;r# fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ld`ks viukrk gS= (A) jhfr fjokt ,oa ^p¥u (B) U;kf;d` fu.Z; (C) fofHUu le;kÍ ij fufeZr lafof| (D) mi;qZâ` lHh fuEuf¥f[r d`ks mlh ∂`e eÍ ¥xkb, ftl ∂`e eÍ os Hkjrh; lafo|ku d`h mˆsfæd`k eÍ mfY¥f[r gS% 1. lE^Hq (Sovereign) 2. lektoknh (Socialist) 3. x.jkT; (Republic) 4. iaƒ fujis” (Secular) 5. ¥ksd`ra(kRed` (Democratic) (A) (B) (C) (D)

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

1, 2, 4, 5, 3 3, 4, 5, 2, 1 1, 4, 2, 5, 3 1, 5, 4, 2, 3

d`ƒu (A) : jkT; ds` uhfr funsæd` rRo |eksZinsæ ds` vfrfjâ` dq`N ugÓ gS\

21.

d`kj. (R) : os jkT; d`ks d`ksbZ Hh fo|k;h æfâ` ^nku ugÓ d`jrs\ dw`V # (A) A rƒk R nksukÍ lgh gß] rƒk R, A d`h lgh O;k“;k gS (B) A rƒk R nksukÍ lgh gß] fd`Urq R, A d`h lgh O;k“;k ugÓ d`jrk (C) A lgh gS] fd`Urq R x¥r gS (D) A x¥r gS] fd`Urq R lgh gS loksZPp U;k;k¥; }kjk fn;k x;k ijkeæZ Hkjr ds` jkÆV_ifr ij% (A) ck÷;d`kjh (Binding) gS (B) ck÷;d`kjh ugÓ gS (C) dq`N fuf'pr eke¥kÍ eÍ ck÷;d`kjh gS (D) mi;qZâ` eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ ^tkra( d`k uo–mnkjoknh (NeoLiberal) fl*kUr gS% (A) ækL(h; ^tkrkaf(d` fl*kUr d`h vLohÎ`fr (B) ækL(h; ^tkrkaf(d` fl*kUr d`k ÔikUrj. (C) ækL(h; ^tkrkaf(d` fl*kUr d`k foÎ`r Ôi (D) mi;qZâ` eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu Lojkt ikVhZ ls lEcfU|r ƒk= (A) MkW\ jktsUnz ^lkn (B) ljnkj iVs¥ (C) eksrh¥k¥ usgÔ (D) tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ gkWCl ds` vuqlkj vuqca| gqvk ƒk% (A) turk ,oa ¥sfo;kƒu ds` chp (B) lekt ,oa ¥sfo;kƒu ds` chp (C) ^kÎ`frd` voLƒk eÍ jgus ok¥s ¥ksxkÍ ds` chp (D) usrkvkÍ ,oa ¥sfo;kƒu ds` chp fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk Hkjrh; jkT; ƒk tgk∑ lcls ig¥s iapk;r jkt ^.k¥h ¥kxw d`h xbZ= (A) jktLƒku (B) egkjkÆV_ (C) fcgkj (D) m®j ^nsæ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu lgh ugÓ gS= (A) eaf(ifj"nΩ ¥ksd` lHk ds` ^fr lkewfgd` Ôi ls m®jnk;h gS (B) ,d` ea(h tks fd`lh Hh lnu d`k lnL; ugÓ gS] N# ekg d`h vof| ds` ckn Hh ea(h jg ld`rk gS (C) ea(h jkÆV_ifr ds` ^lkn-i;ZUr in ij jgrs gß (D) eaf(;kÍ d`k osru nwljh lwph eÍ fofufnZÆV gS fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ld`k ekDlZokn ls es¥ ugÓ gS=

(A)

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

jkT; mRihÈMu (Oppression) d`k ;a( gS (B) jkT; lekIr gks tk,xk (C) |eZ ¥ksxkÍ ds` f¥, vœ`he (Opium) gS (D) jkT; ,d` vko';d` cqjkbZ (Necessary Evil) gS ‘turk ds`’ ¥ksd`f^; er }kjk lafo|ku ds` laæks|u d`h i*fr ikbZ tkrh gS% (A) fczVsu eÍ (B) fLoVΩtj¥S≥M eÍ (C) Ôl eÍ (D) Hkjr eÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu lE^Hqrk ds` cgq¥oknh fl*kUr (Pluralistic Theory) d`k ^eq[ ^oâ`k ƒk= (A) c̓e (B) ckÍnk (C) vkWfLVu (D) ¥kLd`h ‘Lora(rk ij pkj fucU|’ (Four Essays on Liberty) uked` iqLrd` fd`lus f¥[h= (A) gjcVZ LiÍlj (B) ts\ ,l\ fe¥ (C) vusZLV ckdZ`j (D) bZlk cf¥Zu fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l lEcU| eÍ Hkjrh; lafo|ku ds` vUrxZr laln ds` nksukÍ lnukÍ d`h la;qâ` cSBd` d`k ^ko|ku gS= (A) Hkjr ds` mijkÆV_ifr d`k fuokZpu (B) fo® fo|s;d` (C) lkekU; fo|s;d` (D) lafo|ku–laæks|u fo|s;d` lE^Hqrk ds` v}Sroknh fl*kUr d`k eq“; nks" ;g gS fd` og% (A) vf|d`kaæ turk ls vkKkik¥u d`h vis”k d`jrk gS (B) ¥ksd`ra( d`k fojks|h gS (C) lE^Hqrk d`h oS|kfud` ^Î`fr d`h O;k“;k d`jrk gS (D) lHh æfâ`;k∑ ,d` fuf'pr ekuo JsÆB eÍ fufgr d`j nsrk gS xka|h us fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l ij c¥ fn;k= (A) jktuhfr d`k vk÷;kRehd`j. (Spiritualisation) (B) jktuhfr d`k |kfeZd`hd`j. (Religiousation) (C) jktuhfr d`k fods`Unzhd`j. (Decentralisation) (D) mi;qZâ` eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

30.

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33.

34.

35.

36.

28.

‘, F;ksjh vkWœ` tfLVl’ uked` iqLrd` ds` ¥s[d` gß% (A) tkWu ¥kWd` (B) tkWu jkWYl (C) tkWu vkWfLVu (D) I¥sVks 29. fd`lus jktuhfrd` n¥kÍ d`ks ‘fopkjkÍ d`k n¥k¥’ d`gk gS= (A) czkbl (B) ¥kos¥ (C) eSd`kboj (D) feds`¥

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/947

37.

tks fopkjd` ‘jkT; d`ks la?kÍ d`k la?’ ekurs gß mUgÍ% (A) lektoknh (Socialists) d`gk tkrk gS (B) la?oknh (Federalists) d`gk tkrk gS (C) vjktd`rkoknh (Anarchists) d`gk tkrk gS (D) cgq¥oknh (Pluralists) d`gk tkrk gS Hkjr eÍ jkT; fof| d`h laoS|kfud` oS|rk d`ks pqukSrh nh tk ld`rh gS% (A) ds`o¥ jkT; ds` mPp U;k;k¥; eÍ (B) ds`o¥ loksZPp U;k;k¥; eÍ (C) mPp U;k;k¥; rƒk loksZPp U;k;k¥; nksukÍ eÍ (D) ds`o¥ ^æklfud` U;k;k¥; ·vf|d`j.‚ eÍ fuEukafd`r eÍ ls d`kSulk lafo|ku d`k vax ugÓ gS= (A) fuokZpu vk;ksx (B) fo® vk;ksx (C) vUrjkZT;–ifj"nΩ (D) ;kstuk vk;ksx fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh æfâ` Hkjr eÍ ds`o¥ jkT;lHk ds` ikl gS= (A) jkÆV_ifr ds` fo:* egkfH;ksx d`h d`k;Zokgh d`k ^kjEH d`juk (B) ubZ vf[¥ Hkjrh; lsok ds` fuekZ. d`h laLrqfr d`juk (C) egkU;k;oknh d`h fu;qfâ` d`juk (D) jkT;kÍ d`h lhekvkÍ eÍ ifjorZu d`juk vius fd`l vf|osæu eÍ eqfL¥e ¥hx us ;g ukjk fn;k] ∏foHktu d`jks vkSj ;gk∑ ls tkvksπ= (A) ¥kgkSj] 1940 (B) d`jk∑ph] 1933 (C) ¥[u˜] 1931 (D) d`jk∑ph] 1943 fuEuf¥f[r mnkjoknh usrkvkÍ eÍ ls fd`ls ∏pk∑nh d`h ok.h ok¥k oâ`kπ d`gk x;k gS= (A) nknkHkbZ ukSjksth (B) xksik¥ Î`Æ. xks[¥s (C) enu eksgu ek¥oh; (D) ,e\ th\ jkukMs lafo|ku ds` fd`l laæks|u }kjk Hkjr eÍ efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, xzke iapk;rkÍ eÍ 30% Lƒku vkjf”r fd`, x, gß= (A) 70oÍ (B) 71oÍ (C) 73oÍ (D) 74oÍ jkT;–lektokn (State Socialism) fo'okl d`jrk gS% (A) jkT;foghu lekt eÍ (B) tura( eÍ

(C) (D)

∂`kfUr eÍ fof|foghu jkT; eÍ 38. Hkjrh; lafo|ku d`k d`kSulk vuqPNsn laln d`ks ukxfjd`rk ds` vf|d`kj d`ks fu;fer (Regulate) d`jus d`h æfâ` ^nku d`jrk gS= (A) 8 (C) 10 39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

(B) 9 (D) 11

fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk d`ƒu lgh ugÓ gS= (A) Hkjr eÍ jkT;–fo|ku e≥M¥ jkT;– lwph ij d`kuwu cukrh gS (B) laln la? lwph ij d`kuwu cukrh gS (C) laln rƒk jkT; nksukÍ leorhZ lwph ij d`kuwu cuk ld`rs gß (D) leorhZ lwph ij ds`o¥ laln d`kuwu cuk ld`rh gS ;g fd`ld`k d`ƒu gS ∏tc jkT; gksxk rks Lora(rk ugÓ gks ld`rh] tc Lora(rk jgsxh rks jkT; vfLrRo eÍ ugÓ jgsxk=π (A) c̓e (B) fe¥ (C) ekDlZ (D) ¥sfuu Hkjrh; lafo|ku ds` vuqPNsn 18 ds` vUrxZr mikf|;kÍ ds` vUr d`k ^ko|ku gS\ blds` ckjs eÍ D;k lR; ugÓ gS= (A) ukxfjd` fd`lh fonsæh jkT; ls d`ksbZ mikf| Lohd`kj ugÓ d`jsxk (B) ,d` O;fâ`] tks Hkjr d`k ukxfjd` ugÓ gS] jkT; ds` v|hu ¥kH ds` in d`ks |kj. d`jrs gq, fd`lh fonsæh jkT; ls d`ksbZ mikf| jkÆV_ifr d`h lgefr ds` fcuk Lohd`kj ugÓ d`jsxk (C) jkT; fo»k vƒok lSfud` fofæÆVrk gsrq d`ksbZ mikf| ^nku ugÓ d`jsxk (D) mi;qZâ` eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ mu fo";kÍ ij d`kSu d`kuwu cuk,xk tks Hkjrh; lafo|ku eÍ nh xbZ rhukÍ lwfp;kÍ eÍ ls fd`lh eÍ Hh mfY¥f[r ugÓ gS= (A) jkT; fo|ku e≥M¥ (B) laln (C) laln vkSj jkT; fo|ku e≥M¥ nksukÍ (D) mi;qZâ` eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu Lojkt ikVhZ ls lEcfU|r ugÓ ƒk= (A) lh\ vkj\ nkl (B) ih\ vkj\ nkl (C) eksrh¥k¥ usgÔ (D) MkW\ ch\ ,l\ eqats eaf(ifj"nΩ jkÆV_ifr d`ks mlds` d`k;ksÛ eÍ ea(.k ,oa lgk;rk nsus ds` f¥, gS] ijUrq% (A) ^ƒe ckj jkÆV_ifr mld`h l¥kg ls c∑|k ugÓ gS

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

51.

(B) jkÆV_ifr viuk fu.Z; Lo;a ¥s ld`rk gS (C) jkÆV_ifr eaf(ifj"nΩ ls l¥kg ugÓ ¥s ld`rk gS (D) jkÆV_ifr eaf(ifj"nΩ d`h l¥kg d`ks mlds` iqufoZpkj ds` f¥, ¥kSVk ld`rk gS iapk;rh jkt ftl fl*kUr ij vk|kfjr gS] og gS% (A) fods`Unzhd`j. (Decentralisation) (B) vlads`Unzhd`j. (Deconcentration) (C) ¥ksd`rkaf(d` fods`Unzhd`j. (D) ¥ksd`rkaf(d` ds`Unzh;rkokn fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu lE^Hqrk ds` v}Sroknh fl*kUr d`k ^eq[ ^oâ`k ƒk= (A) ¥kWd` (B) c̓e (C) ckÍnk (D) vkWfLVu ‘, fefuLVj ,≥M fgt jslikaflfcf¥Vht’] uked` iqLrd` ds` ¥s[d` d`kSu gß= (A) MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg (B) MkW\ jktsUnz ^lkn (C) tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ (D) eksjkjth HkbZ nslkbZ ‘osLVfefuLVj ^freku (Model) bafxr d`jrk gS ,d` foæs" ^d`kj d`k% (A) jkT; (State) (B) lafo|ku (Constitution) (C) æklu (Government) (D) ^æklu (Administration) d`ƒu (A) : Lora(rk vkSj lekurk nksukÍ ¥ksd`ra( ds` vk|kj LrEH gß\ d`kj. (R) : nksukÍ d`k lEcU| O;fâ` ds` lokÛxh. fod`kl ls gS\ mâ` nksukÍ oâ`O;kÍ ij fopkj d`jrs gq, fn, x, fuEuf¥f[r dw`V ls vius lgh m®j d`k p;u d`hft,% dw`V # (A) A vkSj R nksukÍ lgh gß] vkSj R, A d`h lgh O;k“;k gS (B) A vkSj R nksukÍ lgh gß] fd`Urq R, A d`h lgh O;k“;k ugÓ gS (C) A lgh gS] fd`Urq R x¥r gS (D) A x¥r gS] fd`Urq R lgh gS fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu d`kaxzsl lksæf¥LV ikVhZ ls lEcfU|r ugÓ ƒk= (A) if≥Mr xksfoUn oY¥H iUr (B) MkW\ jke euksgj ¥ksfg;k (C) t; ^d`kæ ukjk;. (D) vkpk;Z ujsUnz nso lkbeu d`ehæu eÍ Hkjrh;kÍ d`ks lfEef¥r u d`juk ,d`% (A) jkÆV_h; vieku ƒk (B) tkrh; (Racial) vieku ƒk (C) (A) vkSj (B) nksukÍ ƒk (D) mi;qZâ` eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/948

52.

53.

54.

55.

56.

57.

Hkjrh; ukxfjd`kÍ d`ks ekSf¥d` vf|d`kjkÍ ij foosd`;qâ` fu;a(. ¥xkus d`k vf|d`kj% (A) loksZPp U;k;k¥; d`ks ^kIr gS (B) ^|kuea(h d`ks ^kIr gS (C) jkÆV_ifr d`ks ^kIr gS (D) laln d`ks ^kIr gS lkekftd` lafonkoknh fopkjd` ;g fl* d`juk pkgrs gß fd`% (A) jkT; loZæfâ`eku gS (B) jkT; lnk lgh gksrk gS (C) jkT; ekuoÎ`r (Man Made) gS (D) jkT; lekt ls ig¥s d`k gS fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh og foæs"rk gS tks ,d` jktuhfrd` n¥ d`ks ncko–lewg ls fHUu d`jrh gS= (A) n¥ O;fâ`;kÍ d`k ,d` lewg gksrk gS (B) ^R;sd` n¥ d`k viuk laxBu gksrk gS (C) ^R;sd` n¥ vfuok;Zr# fd`lh fuf'pr jktuSfrd` oSpkfjd`h ij vk|kfjr gksrk gS (D) n¥ d`k viuk d`ks" ·œ`≥M‚ gksrk gS Lojkt ikVhZ d`k eq“; mˆs'; ƒk% (A) iw.Z Lojkt ^kIr d`juk (B) d`kßfl¥kÍ eÍ ^osæ d`juk (C) vlg;ksx vkUnks¥u d`ks vkjEH d`juk (D) Hkjr ds` f¥, u, lafo|ku d`h ek∑x d`juk ‘f∂`Il feæu’ Hkjr vk;k ƒk% (A) 1928 eÍ (B) 1940 eÍ (C) 1942 eÍ (D) 1945 eÍ lwph-I d`ks lwph-I I ds` lkƒ lqesf¥r d`hft, rƒk lwfp;kÍ ds` uhps fn, x, dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq, lgh m®j d`k p;u d`hft,% lwph I ·¥s[d`‚ (a) ,p\ ts\ ¥kLd`h (b) ch\ th\ eksLd`k (c) lh\ lh\ eSDlh (d) vkj\ ,\ Mg¥ lwph II ·iqLrdÍ`‚ 1. ‘ikf¥fVd`¥ fœ`¥klœ`ht’ 2. ‘f¥cVhZ bu nh ekMuZ LVsV’ 3. ‘ekMuZ iksf¥fVd`¥ ,ukf¥fll’ 4. ‘nh Ô¯¥x D¥kl’ dw`V # (A) (B) (C) (D)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

2 4 1 3

4 3 2 2

1 2 3 4

3 1 4 1

58. 1936 eÍ

59.

60.

61.

62.

63.

64.

65.

66.

fd`lus d`gk% ∏xka|hokn tSlh d`ksbZ pht ugÓ gS=π (A) tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ (B) ekS¥kuk vktkn (C) VSxksj (D) egkRek xka|h ;g fd`lus d`gk ƒk fd` d`¥k ,oa foKku ds` fod`kl us ekuo d`ks cokZn d`j fn;k gS= (A) d`kUV (B) nkars (C) ekDlZ (D) Ôlks ^kÎ`frd` vf|d`kj d`h vo|kj.k ftlds` uke ls tqÈMh gS] og gS% (A) I¥sVks (B) eSfd`;kos¥h (C) ekDlZ (D) ¥kWd` jktuhfrd` psruk jkT; d`h mRif® ds` fl*kUr d`k ,d` d`kj. gS% (A) nSoh mRif® ds` fl*kUr eÍ (B) æfâ` ds` fl*kUr eÍ (C) lkekftd` lafonk ds` fl*kUr eÍ (D) fod`kloknh fl*kUr eÍ lektoknh jkT; c¥ nsrk gS% (A) jktuhfrd` Lora(rk ij (B) vkfƒZd` lqj”k ij (C) O;fâ`xr lEif® ds` vf|d`kj ij (D) U;k;ikf¥d`k d`h Lora(rk ij ,e\ ,\ ftUuk d`k ‘pkSng fcUnq’ fd`lds` fo:* ƒk= (A) vlg;ksx vkUnks¥u (B) usgÔ fjiksVZ (C) lkbZeu d`ehæu fjiksVZ (D) mi;qZâ` lHh Hkjr eÍ mi–jkÆV_ifr ds` fuokZpu lEcU|h fookn d`k fu.Z; d`jrk gS% (A) jkÆV_ifr (B) fuokZpu vk;ksx (C) loksZPp U;k;k¥; (D) laln d`ƒu (A) : Hkjr ljd`kj vf|fu;e 1935 d`k la?h; [≥M O;ogkj eÍ ugÓ vk;k\ d`kj. (R) : Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl us mld`k fojks| fd`;k\ dw`V # (A) A vkSj R nksukÍ lgh gß] vkSj R, A d`h lgh O;k“;k gS (B) A vkSj R nksukÍ lgh gß] fd`Urq R, A d`h lgh O;k“;k ugÓ gS (C) A lgh gS] fd`Urq R x¥r gS (D) A x¥r gS] fd`Urq R lgh gS ;g fd`lus d`gk ƒk fd` ∏;fn lE^Hqrk fuckZ| ugÓ gS] rks d`ksbZ jkT; vfLrRo eÍ ugÓ jgsxkπ=

(A) (B) (C) (D)

67.

68.

69.

70.

71.

72.

73.

74.

¥kWd` ¥kLd`h vkWfLVu mi;qZâ` eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ ∏n ikf¥fVd`¥ ck;ksxzkœ`h vkWœ` egkRek xka|hπ ds` ¥s[d` d`kSu gß= (A) th\ ,¥\ uUnk (B) ch\ vkj\ uUnk (C) th\ ,u\ |ou (D) mi;qZâ` eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ ¥kWd` us ftl fl*kUr d`h nkæZfud` vk|kjfæ¥k (Foundation) j[h] og ƒk% (A) ¥ksd`ra( (Democracy) (B) x.ra(okn (Republicanism) (C) laoS|kfud` jktra( (D) d`Y;k.d`kjh jkT; ∏euqÆ; ds` ukxfjd` lekt eÍ lfEef¥r gksus d`k mˆs'; mud`h lEif® d`h lqj”k gS\π ;g fd`lus d`gk ƒk= (A) gkWCl (B) ¥kWd` (C) Ôlks (D) fe¥ Hkjr ds` fu;a(d` ,oa egk¥s[k ijh”d` d`h fu;qfâ` d`h tkrh gS% (A) jkÆV_ifr }kjk (B) ¥ksd` lHk ds` v÷;” }kjk (C) ;kstuk vk;ksx ds` v÷;” }kjk (D) fo® ea(h }kjk Hkjrh; lafo|ku ds` fd`l vuqPNsn eÍ f¥[k gS fd` ea(hx. O;fâ`xr rƒk lkewfgd` Ôi ls ¥ksd` lHk ds` ^fr m®jnk;h gS= (A) vuqPNsn 74 eÍ (B) vuqPNsn 75 eÍ (C) vuqPNsn 76 eÍ (D) vuqPNsn 77 eÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l nsæ eÍ ukSd`jækgh d`h æqÔvkr ‘¥wV–^ƒk’ (Spoil System) ds` Ôi eÍ gqbZ= (A) baX¥S≥M (B) la;qâ` jkT; vejhd`k (C) Hkjr (D) ≠`kal ‘n usgÔt # eksrh¥k¥ ,≥M tokgj¥k¥’ uked` iqLrd` ds` ¥s[d` d`kSu gß= (A) th\ ,¥\ uUnk (B) ch\ vkj\ uUnk (C) ch\ vkj\ vEcsMd`j (D) ds`\ ,e\ eqUæh ¥kWd` ds` vuqlkj] fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ^kÎ`frd` vf|d`kj ugÓ gS= (A) thou (Life) (B) Lora(rk (Liberty)

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/949

lekurk (Equality) lEif® (Property) lkekftd` lafonk–fl*kUr d`ks fuÎ`ÆV bfrgkl] fuÎ`ÆV rdZ` vkSj fuÎ`ÆV vkpkj ækL( ds` Ôi eÍ vk¥kspuk d`h xbZ gS ………\π ;g fd`lus d`gk gS= (A) gsujh esu (B) ,p\ ts\ ¥kLd`h (C) ,œ`\ foYlu (D) vusZLV ckdZ`j fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk d`ƒu lgh ugÓ gS= (A) Hkjr d`k jkÆV_ifr jkT; lHk d`ks fo?fVr d`j ld`rk gS (B) |u fo|s;d` ds`o¥ ¥ksd` lHk eÍ ^Lrqr fd`;k tk ld`rk gS (C) eaf(ifj"nΩ ¥ksd` lHk ds` ^fr lkewfgd` Ôi ls m®jnk;h gS (D) jkT;ik¥ d`ks jkÆV_ifr gVk ld`rk gS ∏tks ;g d`grs gß fd` |eZ d`k jktuhfr ls ¥suk–nsuk ugÓ gS] os ugÓ tkurs fd` |eZ D;k gSπ= fd`lus mi;qZâ` oâ`O; fn;k= (A) xka|h (B) gkWCl (C) xzhu (D) fe¥ ekDlZ ds` vuqlkj ∏loZgkjk d`h rkukækgh’ (The Dictatorship of the Proletariat) O;â` d`jrk gS% (A) ,d` vYid`k¥hu jkT; d`ks (B) ,d` vknæZ jkT; d`ks (C) ,d` mnkjoknh jkT; d`ks (D) ,d` fujadq`æ (Autocratic) jkT; d`ks Hkjrh; lafo|ku ds` vuqPNsn 21 d`k mY¥a?u gksrk gS] ;fn% (A) vfH;qâ` ij eqd`nek p¥kus eÍ jkT; vlk|kj. fo¥Ec d`jrk gS (B) fd`lh ^ekf.r ikx¥ d`ks d`kjkokl d`k n≥M fn;k tkrk gS (C) fd`lh ukxfjd` d`k ikliksVZ vfuf'pr d`k¥ ds` f¥, tCr fd`;k tkrk gS (D) mi;qZâ` lHh ‘U;k;ikf¥d`k d`h Lora(rk’ (Independence of Judiciary) d`h vo|kj.k eÍ fufgr gS% (A) U;k;ikf¥d`k d`h loksZPprk (B) laln d`h loksZPprk (C) eaf(e≥M¥h; æklu (D) d`k;Z i kf¥d`k rƒk fo|kf;d`k ls U;k;ikf¥d`k d`h LorU(rk fd`lus jkT; d`h mRif® lEcU|h nSoh fl*kUr d`ks U;k;ksfpr Bgjkus gsrq ‘V_w ¥kW vkWœ` ≠`h equkd`hZt’ uked` iqLrd` f¥[h gS= (A) ¥qbZ 14ok∑ (B) tsUDl (C) vjLrw (D) tsEl I (C) (D)

75.

76.

77.

78.

79.

80.

81.

82.

fuEuf¥f[r d`ks d`k¥–∂`e ds` vuqlkj jf[,% (1) gkseÔ¥ vkUnks¥u (2) f[¥kœ`r vkUnks¥u (3) nk≥Mh ekpZ (4) pEikju lR;kxzg (A) 1, 4, 2, 3 (C) 4, 2, 1, 3

(B) 3, 4, 2, 1 (D) 4, 1, 3, 2

83.

Hkjrh; lafo|ku rnƒZ U;k;k|hækÍ d`h fu;qfâ` d`h O;oLƒk d`jrk gS% (A) loksZPp U;k;k¥; eÍ (B) mPp U;k;k¥; eÍ (C) ft¥k ,oa l( U;k;k¥; eÍ (D) mi;qZâ` lHh eÍ 84. fd`lus ukSd`jækgh d`h ‘¥k¥œ`hrkækgh’ iSnk d`jus ds` f¥, vk¥kspuk d`h gS= (A) bZ\ ,u\ X¥SMu (B) MCY;w\ ch\ equjks (C) jkEts E;ksj (D) pkYlZ bZ\ esfj;e 85. uhps fn, x, dw`V d`h lgk;rk ls ¥kWd` ds ` lkekftd` vuq c U| d`h fofHUu voLƒkvkÍ d`k lgh ∂`e crkb,% (1) ukxfjd` lekt (2) ljd`kj (3) ^kÎ`frd` voLƒk (4) lkekftd` vuqcU| (A) 1, 2, 3, 4 (C) 3, 4, 1, 2 86.

(B) 2, 3, 1, 4 (D) 4, 1, 3, 2

Hkjr eÍ d`ksbZ ea(h tks eaf(ifj"nΩ ls R;kxi( nsuk pkgrk gS] og viuk R;kxi( lEcksf|r d`jsxk% (A) ^|kuea(h d`ks (B) jkÆV_ifr d`ks (C) ¥ksd` lHk ds` v÷;” ·Lihd`j‚ d`ks (D) n¥ ds` v÷;” d`ks 87. fd`lus Ôlks ds` lkekU; lad`Yi ds` fl*kUr ds` lkƒ vkWfLVu ds` fuf'pr loksZPp æfâ` (Sovereign Power) ds` fl*kUr eÍ lkeatL; Lƒkfir fd`;k= (A) Vh\ ,p\ xzhu (B) ,p\ ts\ ¥kLd`h (C) lj gsujh esu (D) bZ\ ckdZ`j 88. fd`lus ;g fopkj fn;k fd` ,d` laoS|kfud` jkT; ∏og gS ftleÍ ljd`kj d`h æfâ`;k∑] ækflrkÍ ds` vf|d`kj rƒk nksukÍ ds` ikjLifjd` lEcU| vfH;ksftr gksrs gß=π (A) ds`\ lh\ ÿh;j (B) lh\ ,œ`\ LV_kax (C) d`k¥Z\ ts\ ≠s`Mfjd` (D) tsEl czkbl

89.

90.

91.

92.

93.

94.

95.

96.

fd`l laoS|kfud` laæks|u ds` vUrxZr Hkjr eÍ iapk;rh jkt d`ks laoS|kfud` vk|kj ^nku fd`;k x;k gS= (A) 42ok∑ (B) 52ok∑ (C) 67ok∑ (D) 73ok∑ jktuhfrd` n¥ d`h ifjHk"k loZ^ƒe nh xbZ% (A) cdZ` }kjk (B) c̓e }kjk (C) ¥kLd`h }kjk (D) ghxs¥ }kjk ‘Hkjr ds` loksZPp U;k;k¥;’ ds` fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu ls d`k;Z gß= 1. ukxfjd`kÍ ds` ekSf¥d` vf|d`kjkÍ d`h j”k d`juk\ 2. U;kf;d` iqujko¥ksd`u d`k d`k;Z\ 3. nf≥Mr dS`fn;kÍ d`ks ”eknku d`juk\ 4. jkT;kÍ ds` chp rƒk jkT;kÍ vkSj ds`Unz ds` chp ds` fooknkÍ d`k fu.Z; d`juk (A) 1, 2 vkSj 3 lgh gß (B) 1 vkSj 3 lgh gß (C) 1, 2 vkSj 4 lgh gß (D) 3 vkSj 4 lgh gß fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus ekDlZokn ds` O;kogkfjd` ^;ksx eÍ lokZf|d` ;ksxnku fn;k= (A) ,ÍftYl (B) ¥sfuu (C) Lrkf¥u (D) gScjekl fd`u ifjfLƒfr;kÍ eÍ Hkjrh; jkÆV_ifr vuqPNsn 352 ds` vUrxZr vkikrd`k¥ d`h mnΩ?ks".k d`j ld`rk gS= (1) ckÌ vk∂`e. (2) læL( fonzksg (3) ljd`kj d`k vLƒkf;Ro (4) vkfƒZd` lad`V (A) 1 rƒk 2 (B) 1 rƒk 3 (C) 2 rƒk 4 (D) ds`o¥ 1 vlg;ksx vkUnks¥u blf¥, Lƒfxr fd`;k x;k fd`% (A) bld`k mˆs'; ^kIr gks pqd`k ƒk (B) blls ;g irk p¥us ¥xk fd` turk ¯glk ds` ^;ksx d`ks ojh;rk nsus ¥xh ƒh (C) fczfVæ ljd`kj Hkjrh; usrkvkÍ ls ckrphr d`jus ds` f¥, rS;kj gks xbZ ƒh (D) mi;qZâ` eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu ;qXe lqesf¥r ugÓ gS= (A) bfUnjk xka|h %lEiw.Z ∂`kfUr (B) egkRek xka|h %V_LVhfæi (C) c¥oUrjk; esgrk %^tkrkaf(d` fods`Unzhd`j. (D) fouksck Hkos %vuqæklu ioZ fd`l fl*kUr d`h ;g ekU;rk gS fd` ∏jkT; d`h mRif® ;q*–Lƒ¥ eÍ gksrh gSπ\

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/950

(A) (B) (C) (D)

lkekftd` vuqcU| d`k fl*kUr æfâ` fl*kUr nSoh fl*kUr fod`kloknh fl*kUr 97. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu laln ds` fd`lh Hh lnu d`h d`k;Zokgh eÍ Hkx ¥s ld`rs gß= (A) loksZPp U;k;k¥; d`k eq“; U;k;k|hæ (B) mijkÆV_ifr (C) lkf¥flVj tuj¥ (D) ,VkuhZ tuj¥ 98. lalnh; æklu ^.k¥h d`h lœ`¥rk ds` f¥, vknæZ fLƒfr gS% (A) ,d` ^|ku n¥ O;oLƒk d`k gksuk (B) f}n¥h; O;oLƒk d`k gksuk (C) ,d` n¥h; O;oLƒk d`k gksuk (D) cgqn¥h; O;oLƒk d`k gksuk 99. Hkjrh; lafo|ku LiÆVr# ‘^sl d`h Lora(rk’ d`h O;oLƒk ugÓ d`jrk] ijUrq ;g Lora(rk vUrfuZfgr gS] vuqPNsn% (A) 19(1) d` eÍ (B) 19(1) [ eÍ (C) 19(1) x eÍ (D) 19(1) ? eÍ 100. fd`l nsæ ds` fpUrd`kÍ eÍ lE^Hqrk d`ks ljd`kj ds` ,d` vax ds` Ôi eÍ fufgr d`jus d`h lkekU; ^o~f® gS= (A) bax¥S≥M (B) ≠`kal (C) teZuh (D) fLoVΩtj¥S≥M 101. d`ƒu (A) : Hkjr foukæh jkT;kÍ (Destructible States) d`k la? gS\ d`kj. (R) : lafo|ku ij jkT;kÍ d`k fu;a(. ugÓ gS\ dw`V # (A) A vkSj R nksukÍ lgh gß] rƒk R, A d`h lgh O;k“;k d`jrk gS (B) A vkSj R nksukÍ lgh gß] fd`Urq R, A d`h lgh O;k“;k ugÓ d`jrk gS (C) A lgh gS] fd`Urq R x¥r gS (D) A x¥r gS] fd`Urq R lgh gS 102. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l ekDlZoknh fopkjd` d`ks ‘,d` es|koh fl*kUrd`kj’ (A Genius Theoretician) ds` Ôi eÍ of.Zr fd`;k x;k gS= (A) ¥sfuu (B) xzkElh (C) ekvks (D) d`kWVLd`h 103. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu ‘U;w bf≥M;k’ uked` iqLrd` ds` ¥s[d` gß= (A) nqxkZ nkl (B) vkj\ lh\ etwenkj (C) ,uh csls≥V (D) enu eksgu ek¥oh; 104. Hkjrh; la?okn (Indian Federation) c¥ nsrk gS% (A) æfâ`;kÍ ds` foHktu ij (B) jkT;kÍ d`h lqn~È
(C) (D)

105.

106.

107.

108.

109.

110.

111.

jkÆV_h;rkvkÍ ds` lkƒ le>kSrs ij jkÆV_ d`h ,d`rk ij d`ƒu (A) : jkT; d`h mRif® ds` lEcU| eÍ lafonk ^orZd`kÍ d`h O;k“;k x¥r gS\ d`kj. (R) : lafonkos®k lafonk d`h d`ksbZ fuf'pr frfƒ crkus eÍ leƒZ ugÓ gS\ dw`V # (A) A rƒk R nksukÍ lgh gß] vkSj R, A d`h lgh O;k“;k gS (B) A rƒk R nksukÍ lgh gß] fd`Urq R, A d`h lgh O;k“;k ugÓ gS (C) A lgh gS] fd`Urq R x¥r gS (D) R lgh gS] fd`Urq A x¥r gS lkekftd` vuqca| fl*kUr d`k ds`Unz fcUnq gS fd` jkT;% (A) ,d` ekuoÎ`r (Man Made) laLƒk gS (B) lE^Hq (Sovereign) gS (C) ¥ksd`rkaf(d` (Democratic) gS (D) fujadq`æ (Absolute) gS fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l nsæ eÍ ,d` n¥h; O;oLƒk gS= (A) teZuh eÍ (B) fLoVΩtj¥S≥M eÍ (C) ikfd`Lrku eÍ (D) phu eÍ Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl ds` ,sfrgkfld` ¥[u˜ vf|osæu (1916) d`h v÷;”rk d`h ƒh% (A) Jherh ,suh csls≥V us (B) ,l\ ,u\ cuthZ us (C) enu eksgu ek¥oh; us (D) ,\ lh\ etwenkj us la?h; O;oLƒk eÍ fd`l laLƒk d`ks ‘lafo|ku d`k lUrq¥u–p∂`’ (Balancing Wheel) ekuk tkrk gS= (A) fo|kf;d`k (Legislature) (B) d`k;Zikf¥d`k (Executive) (C) U;k;ikf¥d`k (Judiciary) (D) ^sl (Press) ;g er fd`ld`k gS fd` lE^Hq fcuk turk d`h lgefr ds` d`j ugÓ ¥xk ld`rk gS= (A) ckÍnk (B) xzksfæ;l (C) gkWCl (D) Ôlks

fd`lus d`gk fd` ∏jkT; oxZæklu d`k ,d` vax gS] ,d` oxZ }kjk nwljs ds` neu d`k vax ……π (A) ekDlZ (B) ¥sfuu (C) xzkElh (D) ekvks 112. lalnkRed` æklu eÍ oS|kfud` lE^Hq d`kSu gksrk gS= (A) ^|kuea(h (B) laln

(C) (D)

jkÆV_ifr loksZPp U;k;k¥; 113. ekDlZ ds` vuqlkj jkT; d`h mRif® gqbZ% (A) ekuo thou d`ks csgrj cukus ds` f¥, (B) thou vkSj Lora(rk d`ks cpkus ds` f¥, (C) xjhckÍ ds` æks". d`ks lekIr d`jus ds` f¥, (D) |uh ¥ksxkÍ ds` }kjk xjhckÍ ds` æks". d`ks oS|kfud`rk ^nku d`jus ds` f¥, 114. fuEuf¥f[r ekSf¥d` vf|d`kjkÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk ds`o¥ Hkjrh; ukxfjd`kÍ d`ks gh mi¥C| gS= (A) fof| ds` le” lekurk (B) volj d`h lekurk ·lkoZtfud` lsok;kstu ds` lEcU| eÍ‚ (C) |eZ d`h Lora(rk (D) æks". ds` fo:* vf|d`kj 115. ¥ksd` lHk ds` ckjs eÍ D;k lgh ugÓ gS= (A) ^frfuf|Ro tula“;k ij vk|kfjr gS (B) jkÆV_ifr }kjk vkaX¥–Hkjrh; leqnk; ds` nks ^frfuf| euksuhr fd`, tk ld`rs gß (C) pquko ds` mˆs'; ls jkT;kÍ ds` ”s(h; fuokZpu ”s( eÍ ck∑Vk tkrk gS (D) 33 ^frær lhVÍ efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, vkjf”r gß

119.

lektoknh fopkjd` ^kÎ`frd` lalk|ukÍ ds` jkÆV_h;d`j. d`k leƒZu d`jrs gß rkfd`% (A) mRiknu ds` ¥kxr ewY; d`ks d`e fd`;k tk lds`` (B) mRiknu cÈ
m®j O;k“;k lfgr

116.

Hkjr d`k jkÆV_ifr viuh fu"s|kf|d`kj æfâ` ·ohVks‚ d`k ^;ksx d`j ld`rk gS% (A) laln }kjk ikfjr fd`, x, lHh fo|s;d`kÍ ds` f¥, (B) ds`o¥ lafo|ku–laæks|u–fo|s;d`kÍ ds` f¥, (C) ds`o¥ |u fo|s;d`kÍ ds` f¥, (D) ds`o¥ lk|kj. fo|s;d`kÍ ds` f¥, 117. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk fo"; jkÆV_ifr ds` v÷;knsæ tkjh d`jus d`h æfâ` ds` vUrxZr ugÓ vkrk= (A) fd`lh u, d`kuwu d`k fuekZ. (B) fd`lh u, d`j d`k vkjksi. (C) ctV d`k ikl d`juk (D) lafo|ku d`k laæks|u 118. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus Lohd`kj fd`;k gS fd` O;fâ`;kÍ us jkT; eÍ] ^kÎ`frd` voLƒk ds` vius ^kÎ`frd` vf|d`kjkÍ ds` lkƒ] ^osæ fd`;k= (A) I¥sVks (B) ¥kWd` (C) Ôlks (D) mi;qZâ` eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/951

æs" i~ÆB 978 ij

(C) (D)

vkj\ ,\ ,l\/vkj\ Vh\ ,l\ ·^kjfEHd`‚ ijh{kk] 7-1-2009 d`k g¥ iz'u-i(

Hkjrh; bfrgkl 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

fo∂`efæ¥k fo'ofo»k¥; d`h Lƒkiuk d`h — (A) |eZik¥ us (B) nsoik¥ us (C) ukjk;u ik¥ us (D) efgik¥ us fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lds` funsZæu eÍ ok;ljk; ¥kWMZ gkfMÛx ij ce œÍ`d`k x;k= (A) [qnhjke cksl (B) jkl fcgkjh cksl (C) pUnzæs[j vktkn (D) jke^lkn fcfLe¥ rcd`kr-b-ukfljh ds` ¥s[d` gß— (A) feugkl-ml-fljkt (B) ft;kmˆhu cjuh (C) vehj [qljks (D) esgnh gqlSu vd`cj ds` le; d`k lcls cÈMk lksus d`k flDd`k d`g¥krk ƒk— (A) b¥kgh (B) t¥k¥h (C) nke (D) æalc fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu ogkch vkUnks¥u d`k usrk ƒk`= (A) eqgEen v¥h (B) vte¥ [k∑ (C) lS;n vgen (D) ,l\ ,\ vUlkjh vd`cj us d`c tft;k d`h lekfIr d`h= (A) 1563 (C) 1565

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

(B) 1564 (D) 1566

7.

jkuh >k∑lh jsthesUV lEcfU|r gS— 17. vkÈtkn fgUn œ`kSt xka|h fczxsM usgÔ fczxsM vkÈtkn fczxsM 18. 8. vƒZækL( eÍ fd`rus rhƒksÛ (Officials) d`k mY¥s[ gS= (A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) 16 (C) 18

(B) 17 (D) 19

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/952

tkSuiqj d`h Lƒkiuk d`h— (A) c¥cu us (B) fx;klqˆhu rqÈx¥d` us (C) eqgEen-fcu-rqÈx¥d` us (D) fœ`jksÈt ækg rqÈx¥d` us vkxe fl*kUr |eZ lkfgR; gS— (A) ckS| |eZ (B) tSu |eZ (C) czk©. |eZ (D) osn xqIr ujs æ pUnzxqIr II d`h nwljh jkt|kuh ƒh— (A) mTtSu (B) ek¥ok (C) lkSjkÆV_ (D) esgjks¥h egkRek cq* d`k lEcU| fd`lls gS= (A) eY¥ (B) nso (C) ækD; (D) d`ksf¥; fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu ekS;Z ækld` tSu ƒk= (A) dq`.k¥ (B) lEizfr (C) næjƒ (D) tk¥kSd` e÷; ,fæ;k d`k fl*kUr v¥cÔuh fd`lds` le; Hkjr vk;k= (A) egewn xtuoh (B) eqgEen xksjh (C) dq`rqcqˆhu ,scd` (D) bYrqrfeæ pks¥ ækld` vuq;k;h (Followers) ƒs — (A) oSÆ.o |eZ (B) æSo |eZ (C) ækDr |eZ (D) tSu |eZ ekS;Z ;qx eÍ vofUriƒ ƒk— (A) m®jh ^kUr (B) nf”.h ^kUr (C) if'peh ^kUr (D) iwohZ ^kUr ijekj fuoklh ƒs— (A) ek¥ok (B) jktLƒku (C) xqtjkr (D) mÈMhlk ∏ekS;Z lkezkT; ds` iru ds` f¥;s czk©. ^frf∂`;kokn m®jnk;h ƒk\π fd`lus d`gk`= (A) gj^lkn ækL(h (B) ;w\ ,u\ ?ks"k¥

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

Mh\Mh\ d`ksækEch jksfe¥k ƒkij vaxzsth bZLV bafM;k d`Eiuh d`ks caxk¥] fcgkj rƒk mÈMhlk d`h ‘nhokuh’ d`k vuqnku 1765 bZ\ eÍ fd`lds` lkƒ gqbZ lfU| ls ^kIr gqvk ƒk= (A) ækg vk¥e f}rh; (B) ehj d`kfle (C) fljkt-mn-nkS¥k (D) ≠`kafll tkslsœ` MwI¥s oukZdq`¥j ^sl ,DV ikl gqvk— (A) 1877 eÍ (B) 1878 eÍ (C) 1879 eÍ (D) 1880 eÍ ;wukuh jktnwr Mkbesd`l fd`lds` æklud`k¥ eÍ Hkjr vk;k= (A) pUnzxqIr ekS;Z (B) fcUnqlkj (C) væksd` (D) c~gnzƒ vaxzsth vkfƒZd` uhfr d`ks fd`lus ∏vkSifuosfæd` vƒZuhfrπ (Colonial Economy) d`h laKk nh= (A) egkRek xka|h (B) tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ (C) ljnkj oY¥H HkbZ iVs¥ (D) enu eksgu ek¥oh; eql¥ekukÍ ds` f¥, i~ƒdΩ` fuokZpu O;oLƒk d`c gqbZ`= (A) 1908 (C) 1910

24.

(B) 1909 (D) 1911

egkRek xka|h d`k oDrO; ∏,d` m®j frƒh; ps d `π (A post-dated cheque) fd`lls lEcfU|r ƒk= (A) lkbeu d`ehæu (B) f∂`Il feæu (C) dS`fcusV feæu (D) ;ax glcS≥M feæu 25. fd`l ok;ljk; ds` le; Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl d`h Lƒkiuk gqbZ= (A) ¥kWMZ MÈœ`fju (B) ¥kWMZ fjiu (C) ¥kWMZ ¥SUlMkmu (D) ¥kWMZ d`tZu 26. œ`ksVZ fof¥;e d`gk∑ ij fLƒr ƒk= (A) enzkl (B) eN¥hi±e (C) mÈMhlk (D) d`¥d`®k 27. ∏bafM;u ,ihxzkœ`hπ ds` ¥s[d` gß— (A) Mh\lh\ ljd`kj (B) vksYMsucxZ

(C) (D)

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

,œ`\ ,œ`\ ikftZVj ,p\ Mh\ lkad`f¥;k vaxzstkÍ us viuk ig¥k O;kikfjd` ds`Unz (Trade centre) d`gk∑ Lƒkfir fd`;k= (A) d`¥d`®k (B) lwjr (C) cEcbZ (D) d`ukZVd` vk¥kj d`¥ke d`kSu ƒs= (A) cq* ds` fæÆ; (B) egRoiw.Z ckS* lUr (C) cq* ds` v÷;kid` (D) ækld` ftUgkÍus ckS* |eZ d`h vk¥kspuk d`h Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl ds` fd`l vf|osæu eÍ ∏xka|h-bjfou le>kSrkπ d`k vuqeksnu fd`;k x;k= (A) d`jkph vf|osæu (B) ¥kgkSj vf|osæu (C) d`¥d`®k vf|osæu (D) f(iqjk vf|osæu f}rh; vkSj r~rh; xks¥est lEes¥u eÍ fd`l mnwZ d`fo d`ks vkefU(r fd`;k x;k ƒk= (A) œS`Èt vgen œS`t (B) eksgEen bd`ck¥ (C) tksæ e¥hgkcknh (D) fœ`jkd` xksj[iqjh ‘fgLVksfjd`k’ ds` ¥s[d` gß— (A) tfLVu (B) gsjksMksVl (C) fM;ksMksjl (D) esxLƒuht d`k¥h caxk fLƒr gS— (A) xqtjkr (B) iatkc ·ikfd`Lrku‚ (C) jktLƒku (D) gfj;k.k Hkjrh; LorU(rk laxzke eÍ Lonsæh vkUnks¥u ds` lUnHZ eÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk d`ƒu lR; ugÓ gS= (A) caxk¥ eÍ Lonsæh vkUnks¥u d`k eq“; xhr jfoUnzukƒ d`k ∏vkekj lksukj caxk¥π ƒk (B) lS;n gSnj jÈtk Hkjr eÍ Lonsæh vkanks¥u d`k usr~Ro d`j jgs ƒs (C) x.ifr vkSj fæokth egksRlo vkUnks¥u d`k ek÷;e cuk (D) 1907 eÍ gq, lwjr foHktu us Lonsæh vkUnks¥u d`ks d`etksj fd`;k

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/953

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu nklkÍ (Slaves) d`k ækSd`hu ƒk= (A) v¥kmˆhu f[¥th (B) fx;klqˆhu rqxÈ¥d` (C) eqgEen-fcu-rqxÈ¥d` (D) fœ`jksÈt ækg rqxÈ¥d` Jo.cs¥xks¥k d`k lEcU| gS— (A) pUnzxqIr ekS;Z (B) væksd` (C) foÆ.qxqIr (D) næjƒ leqnz xqIr d`ks ∏Hkjr d`k usiksf¥;uπ fd`lus d`gk= (A) vkj\ ds`\ eq[thZ (B) vkj\ lh\ n® (C) vkj\ ,l\ æekZ (D) oh\ ,\ fLeƒ lYrurd`k¥ eÍ fd`l Hk"k d`ks jkt Hk"k (State language) d`k ntkZ fn;k x;k= (A) vjch (Arabic) (B) Èœ`kjlh (Persian) (C) rqd`hZ (Turkish) (D) mnwZ (Urdu) vd`cj us nglk¥k ^ƒk d`h æqÔvkr d`h — (A) 1575 eÍ (B) 1580 eÍ (C) 1590 eÍ (D) 1602 eÍ fd`l eqx¥ lezkVΩ us eulcnkjh O;oLƒk eÍ ∏nq v Lik-flgvLikπ i*fr viuk;h= (A) vd`cj (B) tgk∑xhj (C) ækgtgk∑ (D) vkSjaxÈtsc fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus vius minsækÍ eÍ lekt ,oa ifjokj ds` f¥, efg¥kvkÍ ds` egRo d`ks igpkuk= (A) xq:ukud` (B) lar jfonkl (C) lar Kkus'oj (D) lar rqd`kjke væksd` }kjk foftr d`¯¥x ;q* d`k fooj. ik;k tkrk gS— (A) fæ¥k¥s[ I eÍ (B) fæ¥k¥s[ V eÍ (C) LrEH¥s[ VII eÍ (D) fæ¥k¥s[ XIII eÍ ‘f}t’ fd`ls d`gk tkrk ƒk= (A) czk©.] ”f(;] oS'; (B) ”f(;] oS';] æwnz (C) czk©.] oS';] lwnz (D) æwnz] ”f(;] czk©.

44. 14 oÓ

ærkCnh d`k ^fl* ;k(h bCucrwrk fuoklh ƒk — (A) osful (B) tsusok (C) Lisu (D) m®jh v≠`hd`k 45. fuÈtkeqˆhu vkSf¥;k vkSj ulh:ˆhu fpjkx ƒs— (A) lksgjkonhZ lar (B) fp'rh lar (C) uDæcUnh lar (D) fl¥fl¥k 46. fnY¥h lYrur eÍ dq`¥ fd`rus jktoaæ gq,= (A) 2 (C) 4 47.

r~rh; ckS* laxhfr (Buddhist d`h v÷;”rk fd`lus d`h= (A) egkd`Lli (B) olqfe( (C) v'o?ks" (D) eksXxf¥iq® frLl [jkt ls rkRi;Z ƒk— (A) Hwfe d`j (B) x~g d`j (C) )`. (D) d`kuwu fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu eqfL¥e usrk ,uh cslsUV }kjk Lƒkfir gkse Ô¥ ¥hx eÍ ækfe¥ gqvk= (A) eqgEen bÈd`ck¥ (B) eqgEen v¥h ftUuk (C) lS;n vgen [k∑ (D) vcq¥ d`¥ke vkÈtkn jkS¥V ,DV ikl gqvk— (A) 1916 eÍ (B) 1917 eÍ (C) 1918 eÍ (D) 1919 eÍ laxe ls rkRi;Z gS — (A) nf”. Hkjr d`k jktoaæ (B) rfe¥ |eZ xzaƒ (C) rfe¥ fo}kukÍ d`h lHk,a (D) nf”. Hkjr d`k ^kphu uke fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls ^kphure Lrwi d`kSulk gS`= (A) lk∑ph Lrwi (B) fiijkok Lrwi (C) Hjgqr Lrwi (D) vejkorh Lrwi fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l iqLrd` eÍ pUnzxqIr ekS;Z d`ks ‘o~"¥’ d`gk x;k= (A) eqnzkjk”l (B) vƒZækL( (C) bfUMd`k (D) egkoaæ Assembly)

48.

49.

50.

51.

52.

53.

(B) 3 (D) 5

54.

55.

56.

57.

58.

59.

60.

61.

62.

fuEuf¥f[r eÍ eÍ ls fd`l lEes¥u eÍ tSu|eZ nks HkxkÍ eÍ foHkftr gqvk= (A) ^ƒe tSu lEes¥u (B) f}rh; tSu lEes¥u (C) r~rh; tSu lEes¥u (D) prqƒZ tSu lEes¥u ∏Hkjr Hkjrh;kÍ ds` f¥, gSπ fd`lus d`gk= (A) Lokeh foosd`kuUn (B) enueksgu ek¥oh; (C) n;kuUn (D) ck¥ xaxk|j fr¥d` fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk lgh ugÓ gS= (A) Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`ka x z s l d`k d`¥d`®k vf|osæu (1887) (B) Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`ka a x z s l d`k ¥[u˜ vf|osæu (1916) (C) Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl d`k x;k vf|osæu (1922) (D) Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`ka x z s l d`k f(iqjh vf|osæu (1939) bZjkuh i*fr ‘lÈtnk’ d`h æq:vkr d`h — (A) c¥cu us (B) jfÈt;k us (C) bYrqrfeæ us (D) eqgEen rqxÈ¥d` us eksgEen xksjh d`h gR;k d`h— (A) gkÈtjk us (B) [ks[j us (C) ;qrZok¥ us (D) c¥wph us ∏Lojkt esjk tUefl* vf|d`kj gS\π fd`lus d`gk= (A) ck¥ xaxk|j fr¥d` (B) nknkHkbZ ukSjksth (C) usrkth lqHk"pUnz cksl (D) Hxr ¯lg ¯o÷;kp¥ d`h igkfÈM;kÍ d`ks ikj d`jus ok¥k ^ƒe rqdZ` lqYrku ƒk— (A) bYrqrfeæ (B) c¥cu (C) v¥kmˆhu f[¥th (D) fœ`jkstækg rqxÈ¥d` vtUrk fp(d`¥k d`k lEcU| gS — (A) tSu |eZ (B) czk©. |eZ (C) ækDr |eZ (D) ckS* |eZ vkuUneB ds` ¥s[d` ƒs— (A) cafd`e pUnz pVthZ (B) æjr pUnz pVthZ (C) johUnzukƒ VSxksj (D) ,l\ lh\ cksl

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/954

63. “Poverty and un-British Rule in India” ds` ¥s[d` gß— (A) ¥k¥k ¥ktir jk; (B) nknkHkbZ ukSjksth (C) lqjsUnz ukƒ cuthZ (D) vkj\ lh\ n® 64.

74.

fd`l d`kuwu ds` }kjk Hkjr ds` bZLV bafM;k d`Eiuh d`k æklu lekIr gqvk 75. gS= (A) jsX;w¥s¯Vx ,DV] 1773 (B) fiV d`k bafM;k ,DV] 1784 (C) xouZesUV vkWœ` bf≥M;k ,DV] 1858 (D) eks¥sZ-feUVks

,DV] 1909 65. fd`l ;qx eÍ czk©. ”f(;kÍ d`h rq¥uk 76. eÍ ghu (Inferior) ekus tkrs ƒs= (A) oSfnd` ;qx (B) ckS* ;qx (C) ekS;Z ;qx (D) ekS;ksZ®j ;qx 66. ckS* lkfgR; eÍ fd`rus fiVd` gß= (A) 1 (C) 3 67.

68.

69.

70.

71.

72.

73.

(B) 2 (D) 4

jk.k lkaxk lEcfU|r gß — (A) ek¥ok ls (B) [tqjkgks ls (C) ekaMw ls (D) esokÈM ls Hkjr NksÈMks vkUnks¥u 1942 bZ\ ds` fd`l eghus eÍ vkjEH gqvk ƒk= (A) tuojh eÍ (B) tq¥kbZ eÍ (C) vxLr eÍ (D) fnlEcj eÍ i~Fohjkt jklks d`h jpuk fd`lus d`h= (A) pUnojnkbZ (B) xq.k<Ω; (C) vehj [qljks (D) lkenso ikaMΩ; ds`fUnzr ƒs— (A) enqjS (B) ratkSj (C) vkU|z ^nsæ (D) d`kosjhi®u ekS;Zd`k¥ eÍ ‘Hkx’ ƒk— (A) x~g d`j (B) Hwfe d`j (C) t¥ d`j (D) fgj≥; fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu ‘lhekUr xka|h’ ds` uke ls tkus tkrs ƒs= (A) lj lS;n vgen [k∑ (B) lS;n vehj v¥h (C) vcq¥ d`¥ke vkÈtkn (D) vCnq¥ xŒœ`kj [k∑ xnj ikVhZ ds` laLƒkid` ƒs— (A) oklqnso c¥oUr œ`ÈMds` (B) fou; nkeksnj lkojd`j (C) ¥k¥k gjn;k¥ (D) Hxr ¯lg

77.

78.

79.

80.

tkf¥;k∑ok¥k ckx gR;kd`kaM d`h tk∑p ds` f¥, cukbZ xbZ lfefr d`k uke ƒk— (A) lkbeu d`ehæu (B) g≥Vj d`ehæu (C) jse≥M d`ehæu (D) f¥uf¥ƒxks d`ehæu bZLV bafM;k d`Eiuh ds` æklu eÍ fd`l d`ksVZ d`ks œ`kStnkjh vih¥ d`jus d`k loksZPp d`ksVZ ekuk x;k= (A) lfdZ`V d`ksVZ (B) ^kUrh; d`ksVZ (C) lnj nhokuh (D) lnj fuÈtkekr fd`l eqx¥ækld` us vius æklud`k¥ eÍ jktiwr ,oa ejkBk eulcnkjkÍ d`h la“;k eÍ vf|d` o~f* d`h= (A) vd`cj (B) tgk∑xhj (C) ækgtgk∑ (D) vkSjaxÈtsc d`kaxzsl ds` fd`l vf|osæu eÍ ‘iw.Z Lojkt’ d`h ek∑x d`h xbZ= (A) ¥[u˜ vf|osæu 1916 (B) d`¥d`®k vf|osæu 1917 (C) d`kuiqj vf|osæu 1925 (D) ¥kgkSj vf|osæu 1929 ;wukuh ¥s[d`kÍ us fd`l ekS;Z ækld` d`ks ‘vfe(?kr’ d`h laKk nh= (A) pUnzxqIr ekS;Z (B) fcUnqlkj (C) væksd` (D) næjƒ fd`l fonsæh ;k(h us 1420 eÍ fot;uxj lkezkT; d`h ;k(k d`h= (A) vYgukfl;l fufd`fru (B) œ`fj'rk (C) vCnqj jTÈtkd` (D) fud`ks¥ks-Mh-d`ksUVh d`c vkSjaxtsc us ‘vk¥exhj’ d`h mikf| (Title) |kj. d`h= (A) 1658 (C) 1660

81.

(B) 1659 (D) 1661

fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lds` æklud`k¥ eÍ fot;uxj lkezkT; vfLrRo (Existence) eÍ vk;k= (A) fx;klqˆhu rqxÈ¥d` (B) eqgEen-fcu-rqxÈ¥d` (C) fœ`jkst ækg rqxÈ¥d` (D) ukfl:ˆhu egewn ækg

82.

83.

84.

85.

86.

87.

88.

89.

90.

91.

‘nLrd`’ æCn ls rkRi;Z gS— (A) fonzksg (Riot) (B) æqYd`eqDr O;kikj (Duty free

(C)

;q* ds` ¥wV ds` ek¥ eÍ jkT; d`k fgLlk (D) ru“okg ds` cn¥s eÍ Hwfe ds` ¥xku d`k vuqnku trade) (C) cUnjxkg (Port) 92. ∏^R;sd` Hkjrh; HzÆVpkjh gSπ] fd`lus d`gk= (D) ckÈtkj (Market) (A) ¥kWMZ d`kuZokf¥l vd`cj us d`c nkl^ƒk d`k var d`j (B) ¥kWMZ os¥st¥h ekuo vf|d`kjkÍ d`ks laj”. fn;k= (C) ¥kWMZ gsfLVaXl (A) 1582 (B) 1583 (D) ¥kWMZ M¥gkSÈth (C) 1584 (D) 1585 93. oSY¥ksj d`k fonzksg (Mutiny) fd`l o"Z ‘bafM;u eql¥eku’ ds` ¥s[d` gß— gqvk= (A) MCY;w\ MCY;w\ g≥Vj (A) 1764 (B) 1806 (B) lj vkxk [k∑ (C) 1857 (D) 1935 (C) vrq¥kuUn p∂`orhZ 94. fn¥okÈMk d`k efUnj mnkgj. gS— (D) fjÈtkm¥ d`jhe (A) ckS* LƒkiR; (Buddhist archiHkjr d`k vafre xouZj tuj¥ vkSj tecture) ^ƒe ok;ljk; (Viceroy) d`kSu ƒk= (B) tSu LƒkiR; (Jain architec(A) ¥kWMZ ¥kWjÍl (B) ¥kWMZ es;ks ture) (C) ¥kWMZ ds`¯ux (D) ¥kWMZ f¥Vu (C) eqx¥ LƒkiR; (Mughal architecture) Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl ds` fd`l (D) lYrur LƒkiR; (Sultnate vf|osæu d`h v÷;”rk lqHk" pUnz architecture) cksl us d`h ƒh= 95. rkteg¥ d`k fæYid`kj (Architect) (A) gfjiqjk (B) ukxiqj fuoklh ƒk— (C) ¥kgkSj (D) fnY¥h (A) bV¥h d`k (B) ≠`kal d`k ∏;g u rks ^ƒe ƒk] u gh jkÆV_h; (C) Vd`hZ d`k (D) felz d`k vkSj u gh LorU(rk ds` f¥, ;q*π] 1857 ds` fonzksg ds` lEcU| eÍ mDr 96. 800 ls 1200 bZ\ rd` Hkjrh; lekt d`h ^eq[ foæs"rk ƒh— d`ƒu fd`ld`k gS= (A) lkeUrokn (Feudalism) (A) oh\Mh\ lkojd`j (B) mnkjokn (Liberalism) (B) ,l\ ,u\ lsu (C) lerkokn (Egalitarianism) (C) vkj\ lh\ etwenkj (D) x.rU( (Republic) (D) cÍtkfeu fMÈtjS¥h VksMje¥ ds` Hw jktLo O;oLƒk eÍ 97. jS;rokÈMh O;oLƒk (Settlement) d`k ^kjEH gqvk— d`kSulh Hwfe d`Hh Hh [k¥h ugÓ (A) enzkl (B) caxk¥ jgrh ƒh= (C) cEcbZ (D) vle (A) iks¥t (B) iÈMkSrh 98. ∏ikVhZt ,≥M ikWf¥fVDl bu eqx¥ (C) pkpÈM (D) cUtj d`ksVZπ ds` ¥s[d` gß— ukxktqZu Lrwi fufeZr gqvk— (A) lrhæ pUnz (B) bjÈœ`ku gchc (A) ckS*;qx eÍ (B) ekS;Z;qx eÍ (C) uq:¥ glu (D) vrgj v¥h (C) xqIr;qx eÍ (D) xqIrks®j ;qx eÍ 99. eqx¥kÍ ds` le; gq, LƒkiR; æS¥h eÍ vle d`k ^kphu uke gS — ifjorZu d`g¥krk gS— (A) ikok (B) d`keÔi (A) fgUnw bL¥kfed` æS¥h (C) fiIi¥hou (D) jkexzke (B) xksfƒd` æS¥h (C) bL¥kfed` æS¥h fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls ∏bDrkπ d`k vƒZ (D) œ`kjlh æS¥h d`kSulk gS= (A) T;sÆB m®jkf|d`kj (Primogeni- 100. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu vd`cj ds` ture) d`k fl*kUr uojRukÍ eÍ ækfe¥ ugÓ ƒk= (A) chjc¥ (B) VksMje¥ (B) jktd`h; Hwfe d`k lSfud`kÍ ds` f¥, vuqnku (C) eku ¯lg (D) cnk;w∑uh

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/955

mÂkj O;k“;k lfgr

gfj;k.k fo»k¥; v÷;kid` ik(rk ·ekLVj/feLVjSl‚ ijh{kk] 26-7-2009 d`k g¥ iz'u-i(

18.

lkekftd` foKku ·Le~fr ij vk|kfjr‚

19.

1. 1848 eÍ

≠`kalhlh d`¥kd`kj ≠s`fM_d` lkWj;w us fp(kÍ d`h ,d` Δk~a[¥k cukbZ ƒh\ mlds` Δk~a[¥k eÍ fd`rus fp( ƒs`=

(A) 3 (C) 8

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

(B) 6 (D) 4

(B) 1880–1891 ds` (C) 1859–1870 ds` (D) 1759–1770 ds`

chp chp chp

Hkjr d`h tux.uk 2001 eÍ fod`¥kax tula“;k d`h x.uk ds` f¥, fd`rus ^d`kj la;qDr jkÆV_la? d`h Lƒkiuk d`c gqbZ= d`h fod`¥kaxrk,a lfEef¥r d`h x;h ƒÓ`= (A) 26 vDVwcj] 1947 (A) ik∑p (B) N# (B) 26 vDVwcj] 1948 (C) rhu (D) pkj (C) 24 vDVwcj] 1945 11. 13 v^S¥] 1919 d`ks tf¥;k∑ok¥k ckx eÍ (D) 24 vDVwcj] 1946 ¥ksx fd`l d`k fojks| d`jus ds` f¥, bV¥h ds` ,d`hd`j. ds` nkSjku ihMekW≥V,d`f(r gq, ƒs= lkfMZfu;k d`k ^|kueU(h d`kSu ƒk= (A) lkbeu d`ehæu (A) foDVj beSuq,¥ (B) ekWUVsX;w-psElœ`ksMZ fjiksVZ (B) d`kcwj (C) jkS¥sV ,sDV (C) efTtuh (D) xouZesUV vkWœ` bf≥M;k ,sDV (D) xSjhckWYMh 12. fe±h d`h ikjxE;rk fd`ld`h laf∂`;k gksrh og Lƒku tks xzhufop ds` 74° if'pe eÍ gS= fLƒr gS] ogk∑ ij le; gksxk% (A) xBu ,oa xgjkbZ d`h (A) 5 ?≥Vs 42 feuV ihNs (B) lja|zrk ,oa xBu d`h (B) 5 ?≥Vs 42 feuV vkxs (C) lja|zrk ,oa xgjkbZ d`h (C) 4 ?≥Vs 56 feuV ihNs (D) lja|zrk] xBu ,oa xgjkbZ d`h (D) 4 ?≥Vs 56 feuV vkxs 13. jkÆV_h; ekuo vf|d`kj vk;ksx eÍ fd`rus ifjpk¥u Hwfe tksr d`k lokZf|d` ”s( lnL;kÍ d`k ^ko|ku gS= fuEuf¥f[r ^d`kj ds` fd`lku ds` vUrxZr (A) 9 (B) 10 gS% (C) 7 (D) 8 (A) e÷;e fd`lku (B) cÈMs fd`lku 14. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls D;k vuqlwfpr tutkfr (C) lhekar fd`lku (D) ¥?q fd`lku d`h foæs"rk ugÓ gS= lajpukRed` csjkstxkjh mRiUu gksus d`k (A) vUrfoZokg d`kj. gS% (B) lkekU; laLÎ`fr (A) `d`Pps ek¥kÍ d`k vHko (C) fuf'pr Hw-Hkx d`k vHko (B) vi;kZIr mRiknu ”erk (D) lkekU; Hk"k (C) voLœ`hfrd` næk,∑ (D) Hkjh m»ksxkÍ ds` ^fr >qd`ko 15. ˜tkZ lerk ds` vk|kj ij ,d` Vu rs¥ cjkcj gS% jkÆV_h; tula“;k uhfr] 2000 ds` vuqlkj (A) 1 fcf¥;u dS`¥ksjh ds` nsæk eÍ ,d` fLƒj tula“;k ^kIr d`jus d`k ¥{; iwjk fd`;k tkuk gS% (B) 10 fcf¥;u dS`¥ksjh ds` (A) 2040 rd` (B) 2045 rd` (C) 1 fef¥;u dS`¥ksjh ds` (C) 2030 rd` (D) 2035 rd` (D) 10 fef¥;u dS`¥ksjh ds` tc pUnzek] i~Foh ds` lcls utnhd` 16. lh\ vkbZ\ ,l\ eÍ d`ks;¥k d`k lcls cÈMk gksrk gS] rks ,slh fLƒfr d`g¥krh gS% mRiknd` ”s( gS% (A) Nk;k (Umbra) (A) fipksjk (B) d`kjkxaMk (B) ^PNk;k (Penumbra) (C) MkWust (D) dq`tckl (C) viHw (Apogee) 17. luΩ 1944 eÍ czsVu oqMΩl lEes¥u gqvk (D) miHw (Perigee) ƒk% bV¥h d`k ,d`hd`j. gqvk% (A) ≠`kal eÍ (B) teZuh eÍ (A) 1959–1970 ds` chp (C) vejhd`k eÍ (D) bax¥S≥M eÍ

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/957

10.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

‘oS'ohd`j.’ æCn d`k ^;ksx loZ^ƒe fd`;k ƒk% (A) gsujh ikW¥lu us (B) ,¥u xzhuLiSu us (C) ikW¥ ∂q`xeSu us (D) fƒ;ksMksj ¥sfoV us fd`l o"Z ‘bf≥M;u œ`kWjsLV ,sDV’ cuk ƒk= (A) 1865 eÍ (B) 1927 eÍ (C) 1875 eÍ (D) 1878 eÍ fd`l xzg d`h fo"qorh; f(T;k lokZf|d` gksrh gS= (A) eax¥ (B) i~Foh (C) c~gLifr (D) æfu fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk d`j ds`Unz ljd`kj }kjk ugÓ ¥xk;k tkrk= (A) fuxe d`j (B) euksjatu d`j (C) vk;d`j (D) migkj d`j d`k¥Z ekDlZ vkSj ,aftYl us ‘lkE;oknh ?ks".k-i(’ ^d`kfær fd`;k ƒk% (A) 1848 eÍ (B) 1918 eÍ (C) 1648 eÍ (D) 1748 eÍ ¥ksd`lHk eÍ nks vkaX¥ Hkjrh;kÍ ds` euksu;u d`k fu.Z; fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu d`jrk gS= (A) ^|kueU(h (B) jkÆV_ifr (C) mijkÆV_ifr (D) ¥ksd`lHk d`k Lihd`j fd`lh Lƒku ds` v”kaæ d`k fu|kZj. fd`;k tkrk gS% (A) fd`lh Lƒku d`h ;kE;ks®j ds` fu|kZj. }kjk (B) ifjf| eÍ d`ks.h; nwjh ls Hkx nsd`j (C) lw;Z-?ÈMh d`h d`h¥ }kjk (D) fD¥uksehVj }kjk lE^Hqrk fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ld`k vko';d` xq. gS= (A) ljd`kj (B) jkT; (C) laln (D) jktk e≥M¥ vk;ksx us viuh fjiksVZ ljd`kj d`ks d`c ^Lrqr d`h ƒh= (A) v^S¥] 1982 (B) v^S¥] 1983 (C) 31 fnlEcj] 1980 (D) v^S¥] 1981 ‘≠Í`p-bUMks-pkbuk’ d`k xBu fd`l o"Z gqvk ƒk= (A) 1587 eÍ (B) 1557 eÍ (C) 1857 eÍ (D) 1887 eÍ ,d` ¥hi o"Z eÍ gksrs gß% (A) 364 fnu (B) 365 fnu ,oa ,d` vfrfjDr jkr

(C) 365 fnu (D) 366 fnu 29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

‘Hkjr fuekZ.’ d`k;Z∂`e eÍ lfEef¥r gß% (A) nl ?Vd` (B) ckjg ?Vd` (C) N# ?Vd` (D) vkB ?Vd` fo'o cßd` us viuh fo'o fod`kl fjiksVZ] 2009 eÍ fuEu vk; d`h vƒZO;oLƒkvkÍ d`k oxhZd`j. okf"Zd` ^frO;fDr vk; ds` vk|kj ij fuEuf¥f[r ^d`kj ls fd`;k gS% (A) $ 835 ;k d`e (B) $ 935 ;k d`e (C) $ 635 ;k d`e (D) $ 735 ;k d`e fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l ægj d`ks Hkjr d`k ig¥k |qvk∑ jfgr ægj ?ksf"r fd`;k x;k gS= (A) ve~rlj (B) fæe¥k (C) paMhxÈ< (D) cax¥kSj fd`l xzg ij fnu ¥xHx mrus gh le; d`k gksrk gS] ftruk fd` i~Foh ij gksrk gS`= (A) æq∂` (B) c~gLifr (C) eax¥ (D) æfu teZuh d`k ,d`hd`j. gqvk% (A) 1866–1871 ds` chp (B) 1880–1891 ds` chp (C) 1766–1771 ds` chp (D) 1859–1870 ds` chp fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu ekuo iw∑th d`k ,d` lzksr ugÓ gS= (A) ^fæ”. ij O;; (B) ^kS»ksfxd`h ij O;; (C) fæ”k ij O;; (D) ^okl ij O;; fd`l o"Z vkSj d`gk∑ ij ‘f[¥kœ`r lfefr’ d`k xBu gqvk ƒk= (A) 1921, enzkl (B) 1919, gSnjkckn (C) 1921, d`¥d`®k (D) 1919, cEcbZ fe±h eÍ xgjs jax vkus d`k d`kj. gS% (A) d`etksj lajpuk (B) d`ks¥kW;M d`h mifLƒfr (C) Ìwel teko (D) vf|d`` fu”k¥u lafo|ku ds` vuqPNsn 25 ls 28 eÍ ukxfjd`kÍ d`ks d`kSu-lk vf|d`kj ^nku fd`;k x;k= (A) |kfeZd` LorU(rk d`k vf|d`kj (B) laoS|kfud` mipkjkÍ d`k vf|d`kj (C) LorU(rk d`k vf|d`kj (D) lekurk d`k vf|d`kj iapæh¥ ds` fl*kUrkÍ d`k ^friknu d`c fd`;k x;k ƒk=

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/958

twu] 1954 (B) v^S¥] 1955 twu] 1950 (D) v^S¥] 1953 vtqZu lsuxqIrk vk;ksx d`k lEcU| gS% (A) v^R;” d`jkÍ ls (B) vlaxfBr ”s( ls (C) Î`f" )`. ls (D) ¥?q m»ksxkÍ ls lksus d`h jsr eq“;r# ik;h tkrh gS% (A) vaVkdZ`fVd`k ds` rVh; HkxkÍ eÍ (B) nf”. v≠`hd`k ds` rVh; HkxkÍ eÍ (C) ds`j¥ ds` rVh; HkxkÍ eÍ (D) v¥kLd`k ds` rVh; HkxkÍ eÍ ‘varjkZÆV_h; eqnzk d`ks"’ d`h Lƒkiuk fd`l o"Z gqbZ ƒh= (A) 1943 eÍ (B) 1942 eÍ (C) 1945 eÍ (D) 1944 eÍ X;kjgoÓ iapo"hZ; ;kstuk d`k¥ eÍ u, jkstxkj voljkÍ ds` l~tu d`k ¥{; gS] ¥xHx% (A) 680 ¥k[ (B) 780 ¥k[ (C) 480 ¥k[ (D) 580 ¥k[ HsÈMÍ mi;ksxh gß% (A) nw| ds` f¥, (B) ˜u ds` f¥, (C) ekal ds` f¥, (D) mi;qZDr lHh ds` f¥, fd`l xzg ds` lokZf|d` mixzg gß`= (A) v:. (B) o:. (C) c~gLifr (D) æfu Hkjrh; lafo|ku us la?oknh O;oLƒk fuEu ls ¥h gS% (A) d`ukMk (B) ≠`kal (C) vejhd`k (D) vkLV_sf¥;k vf¥f[r lafo|ku d`k mnkgj. gS% (A) bax¥S≥M (B) vejhd`k (C) tkiku (D) ≠`kal Hkjrh; laln ds` nksukÍ lnukÍ d`h la;qDr cSBd` fd`l lEcU| eÍ gksrh gS= (A) lafo|ku laæks|u fo|s;d` (B) Hkjr ds` mi-jkÆV_ifr d`k fuokZpu (C) lk|kj. fo|s;d` (D) fo® fo|s;d` v”kaæ d`k rkRi;Z gS% (A) i~Foh ds` >qd`ko d`h rq¥uk eÍ fd`lh vaMkd`kj lrg d`h d`ks.h; nwjh (B) lw;Z d`h fd`j.kÍ ds` vaækÍ d`h rq¥uk eÍ fd`lh lrg d`h d`ks.h; nwjh (C) i~Foh d`h lrg ij fLƒr fd`lh fcUnq d`k ;kE;ks®j ds` v|hu fo"qorΩ js[k ds` m®j vƒok nf”. d`h d`ks.h; nwjh (D) lw;Z d`h fd`j.kÍ d`h vis”k ;kE;ks®j d`h d`ks.h; nwjh (A) (C)

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

51.

52.

53.

okLrfod` lE^Hq d`h l®k fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l ij vk|kfjr gS= (A) lafo|ku ij (B) laln ij (C) d`kuwu ij (D) d`kuwu ij ugÓ jkWDlkYV] ,ugkbM_kbV ,oa ftIle] ;s lHh gß% (A) d`kcZfud` fu”si (B) okfÆir fu”si (C) v'eeqnzuh; fu”si (D) vijnh fu”si ‘,tÍV vkWjÍt’ ,d`% (A) fo;ruke d`h [qfœ`;k ,tÍlh gS (B) fo;ruke d`h fof| lafgrk gS (C) tgj gS (D) jktuhfrd` laxBu gS ^ƒe O;fDr ftlus ;g d`gk fd` i~Foh ,d` xks¥k gS] og ƒk% (A) d`ksifuZd`l (B) ,jkVkWfLƒuh (C) xS¥hf¥;ks (D) vkfdZ`feMhÈt orZeku fd`l næd` eÍ eqnzkLœ`hfr d`h vkSlr okf"Zd` nj fuEuf¥f[r o"Z eÍ U;wure jgh gS`= (A) 2006–07 (C) 2002–03

54.

55.

56.

57.

58.

(B) 2007–08 (D) 2005–06

fo'o cßd` }kjk okf"Zd` ^frO;fDr vk; ds` vk|kj ij fd`;s tkus ok¥s vƒZO;oLƒkvkÍ ds` oxhZd`j. ds` vuqlkj fo'o fod`kl fjiksVZ] 2009 eÍ Hkjr d`ks fuEuf¥f[r oxZ eÍ j[k x;k gS% (A) mPp e÷;e vk; d`h vƒZO;oLƒk,∑ (B) mPp vk; d`h vƒZO;oLƒk,∑ (C) fuEu vk; d`h vƒZO;oLƒk,∑ (D) fuEu e÷;e vk; d`h vƒZO;oLƒk,∑ fo'o d`k ig¥k bZd`ks-d`EI;wVj fd`l nsæ us cuk;k gS= (A) uhnj¥S≥M (B) U;wth¥S≥M (C) fLoVΩtj¥S≥M (D) vk;j¥S≥M fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu o~grΩ o~® gS= (A) ed`j-js[k (B) m®j|zqoh; o~® (C) Hwe÷; js[k (D) d`dZ`-js[k os d`kSu ^eq[ æfDræk¥h ;wjksih; nsæ ƒs] ftUgkÍus la;qDr Ôi ls 1815 eÍ usiksf¥;u d`ks gjk;k ƒk= (A) Ôl] bV¥h] ^æk vkSj vkWfLV_;k (B) Ôl] bV¥h] ^æk] vkSj fLoVΩtj¥S≥M (C) fczVsu] Ôl] vkWfLV_;k vkSj vejhd`k (D) fczVsu] Ôl] ^æk vkSj vkWfLV_;k fo'o cßd` d`h ,d` fjiksVZ ds` vuqlkj Hkjr Lo;a d`ks ,d` ‘Kku vƒZO;oLƒk’ ds` Ôi eÍ fuEuf¥f[r o"Z rd` Lƒkfir d`j ld`rk gS% (A) 2025 (C) 2015

(B) 2030 (D) 2020

eÍ ‘fgUn Lojkt’ uked` iqLrd` fd`lus f¥[h ƒh= (A) ljnkj oY¥H HkbZ iVs¥ (B) egkRek xka|h (C) tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ (D) eksrh¥k¥ usgÔ fd`lh fe±h d`h ih-,p d`k eku crkrk gS% (A) mld`h vk;q d`ks (B) mld`h jklk;fud` f∂`;k d`ks (C) mld`h moZjrk d`ks (D) mld`h o;Ld`rk d`ks lafo|ku ds` vuqPNsn 24 ds` vUrxZr fd`rus o"Z ls d`e vk;q ok¥s fd`lh cPps d`ks d`kj[kukÍ] [kukÍ ;k fd`lh vU; tksf[e Hjs d`ke eÍ fu;qDr ugÓ fd`;k tk ld`rk= (A) 16 o"Z (B) 18 o"Z (C) 14 o"Z (D) 15 o"Z fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu nf”. ,fæ;kbZ ”s(h; lg;ksx laxBu ·n”sl‚ d`k lnL; ugÓ gS= (A) Jh¥ad`k (B) vœ`xkfuLrku (C) phu (D) ikfd`Lrku vUrjkZÆV_h; eqnzk d`ks" ds` gk¥ ds` ,d` losZ”. eÍ Hkjr eÍ d`k¥s |u d`k vuqeku gS] ¥xHx% (A) GNP d`k 40 ^frær (B) GNP d`k 50 ^frær (C) GNP d`k 20 ^frær (D) GNP d`k 30 ^frær œw`¥kÍ d`h ?kVh fd`l jkT; eÍ fLƒr gS= (A) m®j ^nsæ (B) fgekp¥ ^nsæ (C) e÷; ^nsæ (D) tEew ,oa d`'ehj d`kSu-lk nsæ vkbZ\ ,e\ ,œ`\ vkSj fo'o cßd` ds` fd`lh Hh œS`l¥s d`ks ‘ohVks’ d`j ld`rk gS= (A) vejhd`k (B) phu (C) Ôl (D) fczVsu ∏fo'o miHksDrk vf|d`kj fnolπ euk;k tkrk gS% (A) 15 flrEcj d`ks (B) 15 fnlEcj d`ks (C) 15 ekpZ d`ks (D) 15 twu d`ks jktLƒku ds` pjokgkÍ d`k uke gS% (A) HlkbZ (B) æsjik (C) jkbZd` (D) |uxkj i~Foh viuh |qjh ij ?werh gS% (A) iwjc ls if'pe d`h vksj (B) nf”. ls m®j d`h vksj

59. 1909

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63.

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66.

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68.

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/959

m®j ls nf”. d`h vksj if'pe ls iwjc d`h vksj lafo|ku ds` fd`l vuqPNsn eÍ iapk;rh jkt O;oLƒk d`k ^ko|ku gS= (A) vuqPNsn 39 (B) vuqPNsn 40 (C) vuqPNsn 37 (D) vuqPNsn 38 jkT; d`k ^ƒe oSKkfud` oxhZd`j. fd`lus fd`;k ƒk= (A) vjLrw (B) ,Dohukl (C) lqd`jkr (D) I¥sVks ‘jkÆV_h; [k» lqj”k feæu’ ls lEcfU|r fuEu oDrO;kÍ ij fopkj d`hft,] rƒk bueÍ ls ,d` x¥r oDrO; d`ks Nk∑fV;s% (A) ;g 2007-08 eÍ ^kjEH fd`;k x;k ƒk (B) ;g nsæ ds` lHh jkT;kÍ eÍ d`k;kZfUor fd`;k tk jgk gS (C) ;g ,d` ds`Unz ljd`kj }kjk ^k;ksftr d`k;Z∂`e gS (D) bld`k mˆs'; ”s( foLrkj rƒk mRiknd`rk o~f* ds` ek÷;e ls pko¥] xsgw∑ rƒk nk¥kÍ ds` mRiknu eÍ o~f* d`juk gS nsækUrj d`k rkRi;Z gS% (A) i~Foh d`h lrg ij fLƒr fd`lh fcUnq d`k ds`Unzh; ;kE;ks®j ds` iwoZ vƒok if'pe d`h d`ks.h; nwjh (B) ds`Unzh; ;kE;ks®j ds` v|hu ,d` lh| eÍ fLƒr fcUnqvkÍ d`h d`ks.h; nwjh (C) vaækÍ eÍ i~Foh ds` ds`Unzh; Hkx ls ekih x;h jSf[d` nwjh (D) ds`Unzh; fcUnq d`h vis”k fd`lh fcUnq ls ekih x;h o∂`h; nwjh xzhu d`h jkT; d`h vo|kj.k gS% (A) jkT; ,d` ¥{; ds` f¥, lk|u gS (B) jkT; ,d` d`kuwuh laLƒk gS (C) jkT; vius vki eÍ ,d` ¥{; gS (D) jkT; bZ'ojh; LoÔi gS tc æs¥ ÔikUrfjr gksrk gS] rks ;g cukrk gS% (A) L¥sV (B) œ`kb¥kbV (C) fæLV (D) ;s lHh f∂`ds`V ds` [s¥ eÍ jax-Hsn uhfr fd`l nsæ us viukbZ= (A) bax¥S≥M (B) vkLV_sf¥;k (C) Hkjr (D) v≠`hd`k lcls ¥Ech ijNkbZ cusxh% (A) Vsjk Ms¥ Œ;wxks eÍ (B) oksLrkWd` eÍ (C) ,ad`jst eÍ (D) fLiVΩlcxsZu eÍ Hkjr eÍ 1981–2001 d`h vof| eÍ gqbZ tula“;k d`h o~f* d`ks fuEuf¥f[r ^d`kj ls oxhZÎ`r fd`;k tk ld`rk gS% (A) rhoz mPp o~f* (C) (D)

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(B) mPp o~f* ds` lkƒ |heh iÈMus ds` LiÆV fpÕ (C) vo:* tula“;k (D) |heh o~f* jkÆV_h; xzkeh. fod`kl laLƒku fLƒr gS% (A) xk∑|huxj eÍ (B) Hqous'oj eÍ (C) paMhxÈ< eÍ (D) gSnjkckn eÍ fuEuf¥f[r œ`l¥kÍ eÍ ls fd`l œ`l¥ d`ks d`her fLƒjhd`j. d`ks" ;kstuk ds` vUrxZr lfEef¥r ugÓ fd`;k x;k gS= (A) pk; (B) d`ikl (C) jcj (D) rEckdw` Hwfe d`h mPprk d`ks O;Dr fd`;k tkrk gS% (A) leqnzr¥ d`h vis”k œ`hV vƒok ehVj eÍ (B) cÍp ekdZ` }kjk (C) ehVj eÍ (D) fd`eh eÍ ‘;wukbVsM ¯d`xMe vkWœ` xzsV fczVsu’ d`k xBu fd`l o"Z gqvk ƒk= (A) 1688 eÍ (B) 1798 eÍ (C) 1707 eÍ (D) 1810 eÍ fo'o cßd` }kjk ^d`kfær fo'o fod`kl fjiksVZ] 2009 d`h ds`Unzh; fo";-oLrq gS% (A) fod`kl rƒk vx¥h ihÈ
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nkeksnj unh fxjrh gS% (A) caxk¥ d`h [kÈMh eÍ (B) ,d` ¥o. n¥n¥ eÍ (C) xaxk unh eÍ (D) gqx¥h unh eÍ nqfu;k d`h lcls ig¥h Hwfexr js¥ ds` ig¥s [≥M d`k mnΩ?kVu d`c gqvk ƒk= (A) 11 fnlEcj] 1863 (B) 11 fnlEcj] 1879 (C) 10 tuojh] 1863 (D) 10 tuojh] 1879 fo'o cßd` us viuh ubZ vUrjkZÆV_h; fu|Zurk js[k fuEuf¥f[r Lrj ij fu|kZfjr d`h gS% (A) $ 1·75 ^frfnu (B) $ 2·25 ^frfnu (C) $ 1·25 ^frfnu (D) $ 1·50 ^frfnu ^fl* ˜∑V es¥k gS% (A) vtesj (B) chd`kusj (C) iqÆd`j (D) jkbZd`ksV ,slk xzg tks lw;Z d`h ifj∂`ek d`jus eÍ lokZf|d` le; ¥srk gS] og gS% (A) v:. (B) c~gLifr (C) I¥wVks (D) o:. 73oÍ laæks|u ds` œ`¥LoÔi lafo|ku eÍ d`kSulk u;k Hkx tksÈMk x;k= (A) Hkx XI (B) Hkx XIII (C) Hkx IX (D) Hkx X ¥ph¥s lafo|ku d`k mnkgj. d`kSulk gS= (A) Hkjrh; lafo|ku (B) fLoVΩtj¥S≥M d`k lafo|ku (C) vejhd`k d`k lafo|ku (D) bax¥S≥M d`k lafo|ku ‘bu fMœs`Ul vkWœ` X¥ksc¥kbtsæu’ uked` iqLrd` ds` ¥s[d` gß% (A) tkslsœ` fLVΩxf¥VΩt (B) ikW¥ ∂q`xeSu (C) veR;Z lsu (D) txnhæ Hxorh tc ge ……… ·fMxzh‚ iwjc d`h vksj tkrs gß] rks Lƒkuh; le; eÍ ,d` ?≥Vs d`h ……… gks tkrh gS\ (A) 10°, d`eh (B) 15°, cÈ
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/960

Hw-iiZVh eÍ lcls vf|d` ik;k tkus ok¥k 109. uhfr funsæd` rRo lafo|ku ds` fd`l Hkx rRo gS% eÍ mY¥s[uh; gß= (A) gkbM_kstu (B) ,s¥qfefu;e (A) Hkx III (B) Hkx IV (C) Hkx I (C) vkWDlhtu (D) flf¥d`kWu (D) Hkx II 99. xka|h d`ks fd`lus ‘uaxk œ`d`hj’ d`gk= 110. Hkjrh; lafo|ku ds` fd`l vuqPNsn eÍ ukxfjd`rk lEcU|h O;oLƒk d`h x;h gS= (A) ¥kWMZ f¥VΩVu (B) pfpZ¥ (A) vuqPNsn 20 ls 24 (C) tkWtZ iape (D) ¯¥d`u (B) vuqPNsn 33 ls 38 100. Ètkj ds` iru ds` ckn Ôl eÍ ljd`kj (C) vuqPNsn 5 ls 11 cukbZ% (D) vuqPNsn 10 ls 14 (A) ¥sfuu us (B) cksYæsfod` us (C) ds`jsULd`h us (D) LVkf¥u us 111. mPpre U;k;k¥; ds` U;k;k|hækÍ d`h fu;qfDr fd`ld`h l¥kg ij d`h tkrh gS= 101. Hkjr eÍ tula“;k d`h okf"Zd` o~f* nj (A) Hkjr d`k eq“; U;k;k|hæ fuEuf¥f[r næd` eÍ lokZf|d` jgh gS% (B) lalnh; lfefr (A) 1981–1991 (B) 1991–2001 (C) fof|eU(h (C) 1961–1971 (D) 1971-1981 (D) ^|kueU(h 102. ekpZ 2009 ds` vUr eÍ fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds` lnL; nsækÍ d`h la“;k ƒh% 112. Hkjr ds` vuU; vkfƒZd` ”s( d`k ”s(œ`¥ gS% (A) 153 (B) 155 (A) 2·02 fef¥;u oxZ fd`eh (C) 149 (D) 151 (B) 2·45 fef¥;u oxZ fd`eh 103. Hkjr eÍ ew∑xœ`¥h d`k lokZf|d` mRiknu (C) 0·45 fef¥;u oxZ fd`eh d`jus ok¥k jkT; d`kSu gS= (D) 9·02 fef¥;u oxZ fd`eh (A) e÷; ^nsæ (B) egkjkÆV_ 113. ejkBh d`k ig¥k miU;kl ‘;equk i;ZVu’ (C) xqtjkr (D) jktLƒku ckck iì.th }kjk 1857 eÍ f¥[k x;k\ 104. panzxzg. d`k vƒZ gksrk gS% bleÍ d`gkfu;k∑ lEcfU|r gß% (A) i~Foh d`k lw;Z ,oa pUnzek ds` chp (A) fookfgr thou ls vkuk rƒk bu rhukÍ ds` ds`UnzkÍ d`k ,d` (B) |eZ ls lh| eÍ gksuk (C) cPpkÍ ls (B) pUnzek ls i~Foh ij [Óph x;h js[k (D) fo|okvkÍ ls }kjk cuk;k x;k vkSlr d`ks. 114. fu|Zurk ds` losZ”. ds` f¥, ^;ksx d`h (C) pUnzek d`h fnæk vƒok mlds` iƒ tkus ok¥h ‘fefJr iquLeZj. vof|’ eÍ d`k fooj. fuEuf¥f[r vof|;k∑ lfEef¥r gksrh gß% (D) pUnzek d`k lw;Z ,oa i~Foh ds` chp (A) 30 fnu rƒk 365 fnu vk tkuk] ftlls bld`h Nk;k i~Foh ij (B) 7 fnu rƒk 365 fnu iÈMrh gS (C) 7 fnu rƒk 30 fnu 105. ‘lfou; voKk vkUnks¥u’ d`h æqÔvkr (D) 30 fnu rƒk 90 fnu gqbZ% 115. vksfi;e d`h [srh æqÔ d`h ƒh% (A) d`kd`ksjh d`kaM ls (A) iqrZxk¥h us (B) Mp us (B) nkaMh ;k(k ls (C) fczfVæ us (D) vejhd`u us (C) lkbeu d`ehæu ds` vkxeu ls (D) pkSjh-pkSjk d`kaM ls 116. i~Foh d`h O;k“;k fd`l Ôi eÍ d`juk lokZf|d` mfpr gksxk= 106. jkT;-fofæÆV fu|Zurk js[kvkÍ ds` vuqlkj (A) o~® fd`l jkT; d`h xzkeh. fu|Zurk js[k d`k Lrj mPpre gS= (B) Hw-vkH (A) iatkc (B) gfj;k.k (C) |zqokÍ ij fpiVk gqvk xks¥k (C) m®jk[≥M (D) ds`j¥ (D) xks¥k 107. laU;klh ckck jkepUnz fd`lds` usrk ƒs= 117. iapk;rh jkt laLƒkvkÍ d`k d`k;Zd`k¥ gS% (A) fo»kfƒZ;kÍ ds` (B) od`h¥kÍ ds` (A) 6 o"Z (B) 10 o"Z (C) etnwjkÍ ds` (D) fd`lkukÍ ds` (C) 4 o"Z (D) 5 o"Z 108. X¥sHou ds` f¥, vko';d` ærZ gS% 118. ^R;” ¥ksd`rU( fd`l nsæ eÍ gS= (A) fczVsu (B) fLoVΩtj¥S≥M (A) iw.Z ¯lfpr ”s( (C) Hkjr (D) phu (B) okuLifrd` vHko (C) ¥o.h; t¥ ok¥k n¥n¥ 119. fo'o O;kikj laxBu d`h ‘ukek’ (NAMA) iz.k¥h fuEuf¥f[r ls lEcfU|r ugÓ gS% (D) LoPN t¥ ok¥k n¥n¥ 98.

jRu rƒk vkHw". Î`f" mRikn fVd`k˜ miHksDrk oLrq,∑ eæhujh ≠`kal eÍ fd`¥suqek ts¥ D;k ƒh= (A) gaM_sd` d`¥kUr (B) d`kWUosUV (C) cfLr¥h (D) xqbZY¥ksVhu ‘d`ke d`k vf|d`kj’ fd`l nsæ ds` ¥ksxkÍ d`ks izkIr gS= (A) Hkjr (B) tkiku (C) fczVsu (D) Ôl fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu gfjrx~g xSl ugÓ gS= (A) D¥ksjks-Œ¥ksjks d`kcZu (B) lYœ`j MkbvkWDlkbM (C) d`kcZu MkbvkWDlkbM (D) feƒsu fL(;kÍ d`h iksækd` eÍ lq|kj d`k vkUnks¥u fd`lus æqÔ fd`;k= (A) Jherh vkWLd`j us (B) Jherh MsfoM us (C) Jherh LVS≥Vksu us (D) Jherh fof¥;e us d`k¥Z ekDlZ fd`l nsæ d`k fuoklh ƒk= (A) bax¥S≥M (B) ≠`kal (C) Ôl (D) teZuh ^kƒfed` f∂`;kd`¥kikÍ eÍ ¥xs gq, Jfed`kÍ d`ks fuEuf¥f[r uke ls tkuk tkrk gS% (A) lœs`n d`kW¥j (B) lqugjk d`kW¥j (C) ¥k¥ d`kW¥j (D) uh¥k d`kW¥j Hkjr eÍ lkoZtfud` ”s( ds` cßd`kÍ eÍ ljd`kj d`k vaæ gS% (A) 51 izfrær ls vf|d` (B) 74 izfrær ls vf|d` (C) 26 izfrær ls vf|d` (D) 33 izfrær ls vf|d` vUrjkZÆV_h; miHksDrk la? laxBu fLƒr gS% (A) LVkd`gkse eÍ (B) Mjcu eÍ (C) tsusok eÍ (D) gsx eÍ lw;Zxzg. gksrk gS] tc% (A) lw;Z] i~Foh ,oa pUnzek ds` chp vk tkrk gS (B) lkSje≥M¥ ds` lHh xzg ,d` gh r¥ eÍ fLƒr gksrs gß (C) pUnzek] lw;Z ,oa i~Foh ds` chp ls xqtjrk gS (D) i~Foh] lw;Z ,oa pUnzek ds` chp vk tkrh gS d`kaxzsl ds` fd`l vf|osæu eÍ ‘iw.Z Lojkt’ d`h ek∑x Lohd`kj d`h x;h= (A) ¥kgkSj vf|osæu] 1930 (B) cEcbZ vf|osæu] 1928 (A) (B) (C) (D)

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^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/961

¥kgkSj vf|osæu] 1929 cEcbZ vf|osæu] 1930 ƒksd` ewY; lwpd`kad` ds` laæks|u ds` f¥, xfBr lfefr ds` v÷;” d`kSu gß= (A) vfHthr lsu (B) izksuc lsu (C) vlhe nklxqIrk (D) vtqZu lsuxqIrk fd`l ?Vuk ds` ckn egkRek xka|h us vlg;ksx vkUnks¥u jksd`us d`k vkÿku fd`;k= (A) caxk¥ d`k foHktu (B) eqfL¥e ¥hx d`k xBu (C) tf¥;k∑ok¥k ckx (D) pkSjh-pkSjk foVokVjlZjÍM tkuk tkrk gS% (A) isV_ksf¥;e ds` f¥, (B) pwuk iRƒj ds` f¥, (C) lksus ds` f¥, (D) pk∑nh ds` f¥, Hkjr ds` iz|kueU(h% (A) d`h fu;qfDr gksrh gS (B) d`k p;u gksrk gS (C) d`k fuokZpu gksrk gS (D) d`k euksu;u gksrk gS fd`l laoS|kfud` laæks|u }kjk Hkjrh; lafo|ku eÍ ew¥ d`rZO;kÍ d`h O;oLƒk d`h xbZ gS= (A) 44oÍ laæks|u }kjk (B) 45oÍ laæks|u }kjk (C) 42oÍ laæks|u }kjk (D) 43oÍ laæks|u }kjk fo® vk;ksx ds` ps;jeSu d`h fu;qfDr d`kSu d`jrk gS= (A) fof|eU(h (B) fo®eU(h (C) jkÆV_ifr (D) iz|kueU(h lkSje≥M¥ eÍ lw;Z ls i~Foh d`k Lƒku gS% (A) pkSƒk (B) ik∑pok∑ (C) nwljk (D) rhljk eqnz. d`h lcls ig¥h rd`uhd`] fd`lh Hh Ôi eÍ] fod`flr gqbZ% (A) tkiku eÍ (B) d`ksfj;k eÍ (C) phu eÍ (D) Hkjr eÍ volkn d`h d`kSulh ,slh foæs"rk gS] tks pVΩVku cuus ds` ckn Hh lcls d`e ifjofrZr gksrh gS= (A) lja|zrk (B) lajpuk (C) ?uRo (D) xBu fd`l o"Z I¥klh d`k ;q* gqvk ƒk= (A) 1764 eÍ (B) 1709 eÍ (C) 1757 eÍ (D) 1707 eÍ i~Foh viuh |qjh ij 12 ?≥Vs ds` le; eÍ fd`rus vaæ ifjHze. d`jsxh=

(A) 90° (C) 360°

(C) (D)

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(B) 15° (D) 180°

‘¥ksd`rU( ds` pkSƒs LrEH’ d`h laKk fd`ld`ks nh tkrh gS= (A) fo|kulHk d`ks (B) iqf¥l d`ks (C) U;k;ikf¥d`k d`ks (D) ehfM;k d`ks ¥ksd`rU(kRed` æklu d`h lœ`¥rk ds` f¥, vko';d` gS% (A) fæf”r turk (B) vkfƒZd` lekurk (C) ukxfjd` LorU(rk (D) mi;qZDr lHh fuHZjrk vuqikr d`ks fuEuf¥f[r izd`kj ls O;Dr fd`;k tkrk gS% fuHZj tula“;k (A) d`k;Zæh¥ vk;q d`h tula“;k d`k;Zæh¥ vk;q d`h tula“;k (B) fuHZj tula“;k fuHZj tula“;k (C) dq`¥ tula“;k dq`¥ tula“;k (D) fuHZj tula“;k 1789 ∂`kfUr ds` le; ≠`kal d`k ækld` d`kSu ƒk= (A) ¥qbZl III (B) ¥qbZl XVI (D) ¥qbZl XV (C) usiksf¥;u ‘lksæ¥ d`kWUV_SDV’ fd`lds` }kjk f¥[k x;k ƒk= (A) gkWCl (B) ekUVsLD;w (C) Ôlks (D) ¥kWd` ok;qe≥M¥ eÍ lokZf|d` ek(k eÍ xSl ikbZ tkrh gS% (A) d`kcZu MkbvkWDlkbM (B) t¥okÆi (C) ukbV_kstu (D) vkWDlhtu cd`jok¥ leqnk; d`k izeq[ O;olk; D;k gS= (A) cd`fj;kÍ d`k ik¥u (B) eosfæ;kÍ d`k ik¥u (C) HsÈMkÍ d`k ik¥u (D) ˜∑VkÍ d`k ik¥u fd`l o"Z olkZ; d`h laf| gqbZ ƒh= (A) 1920 eÍ (B) 1917 eÍ (C) 1918 eÍ (D) 1919 eÍ Hkjr eÍ ou vkPNkfnr ”s(œ`¥ gS] ¥xHx% (A) HkSxksf¥d` ”s(œ`¥ d`k 20% (B) HkSxksf¥d` ”s(œ`¥ d`k 25% (C) HkSxksf¥d` ”s(œ`¥ d`k 10% (D) HkSxksf¥d` ”s(œ`¥ d`k 15%

150.

‘ekuo lalk|u d`k fod`kl’ fuEuf¥f[r 160. LƒSfrd` Ôi eÍ Kkr lHh ¯iMkÍ d`k dq`¥ iapo"hZ; ;kstuk d`k ds`Unzh; fcUnq ƒk% ;ksx d`g¥krk gS% (A) i~Foh (B) vkd`kæxaxk (A) ukSoÓ (B) nloÓ (C) cz©k≥M (D) eankfd`uh (C) lkroÓ (D) vkBoÓ 161. vk|q f ud` d`k¥ eÍ æfDr i~ƒDd`j. d`k 151. miHksDrk laj”. vf|fu;e] 1986 eÍ fl*kUr fd`lus iz f rikfnr fd`;k ƒk= miHksDrkvkÍ ds` fd`rus vf|d`kjkÍ d`ks (A) ¥kWd` (B) gkWCl fpfÕr fd`;k x;k gS= (C) ekWUVsLD;w (D) Ôlks (A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 6 (D) 8 162. varHsZfnr pVΩVkuÍ gksrh gß% (A) ,d` rjg d`h ijrnkj pVΩVku 152. ikWMtÈks¥hHou d`h izf∂`;k foæs"d`j gksrh gS% (B) ,d` ,slh pVΩVku tks vijnu d`k izfrjks| d`jrh gS (A) pSisj¥-iznsæ eÍ (C) lrg ij igq∑pus ls ig¥s Bksl Ôi (B) mÆ.d`fVcU|h; ekulwuh ”s( eÍ eÍ vkus ok¥k Tok¥keq[h; ¥kok (C) æadq`|kjh oukÍ eÍ (D) lrg ij igq∑pus ds` ckn Bksl Ôi (D) æhrksÆ. i.Zikrh oukÍ eÍ eÍ vkus ok¥k Tok¥keq[h; ¥kok 153. ‘iwuk iSDV-1932’ lEcfU|r gS% 163. izƒe Î`f" ∂`kafr gqbZ ƒh% (A) eql¥ekukÍ d`ks ljd`kjh ukSd`fj;kÍ eÍ (A) vejhd`k eÍ (B) teZuh eÍ vkj”. ls (C) ≠`kal eÍ (D) bax¥S≥M eÍ (B) vYila“;d`kÍ d`ks ljd`kjh ukSd`fj;kÍ eÍ vkj”. ls 164. i~ F oh d`h lrg ij gks u s ok¥s )`rq ifjorZu d`k d`kj. gS% (C) ljd`kjh ukSd`fj;kÍ eÍ nf¥r oxksÛ ds` (A) i~Foh d`k ifjHze. rƒk bld`h vkj”. ls viuh |qjh ij >qd`k gksuk (D) izkarh; ,oa ds`Unzh; fo|k;h ifj"nkÍ (B) i~Foh d`k ?w.Zu rƒk bld`h viuh eÍ nf¥r oxksÛ ds` vkj”. ls |qjh ij >qd`k gksuk 154. Hkjr eÍ ‘jkÆV_h; miHksDrk fnol’ euk;k (C) i~Foh d`k ?w.Zu tkrk gS% (D) i~Foh d`k ifjHze. (A) 24 flrEcj d`ks 165. lcls ig¥s iapk;r jkt O;oLƒk fd`l (B) 24 fnlEcj d`ks jkT; eÍ ¥kxw gqbZ= (C) 24 ekpZ d`ks (A) m®j iznsæ (B) fcgkj (D) 24 twu d`ks (C) egkjkÆV_ (D) jktLƒku 155. tc lkbeu d`ehæu Hkjr igq∑pk] mld`k 166. v÷;”kRed` æklu d`h izeq[ foæs"rk gS% Lokxr fd`l ukjs ds` lkƒ fd`;k x;k= (A) ‘lkbeu d`ehæu vej jgs’ (A) nksgjh ljd`kj d`h O;oLƒk gS (B) ‘b≥Mks-fczfVæ fe(rk vej jgs’ (B) okLrfod` vkSj ukeek( iz|ku eÍ vUrj (C) ‘ge lkbeu d`ehæu d`k Lokxr (C) d`k;Zikf¥d`k d`k d`k;Zd`k¥ fuf'pr d`jrs gß gks r k gS (D) ‘lkbeu d`ehæu okil tkvks’ (D) d`k;Zikf¥d`k O;oLƒkfid`k ds` izfr 156. ukbthfj;k d`k tkWl iBkj tkuk tkrk m®jnk;h gksrh gS gS% (A) fVu ds` f¥, (B) lhlk ds` f¥, 167. ¥f”r lkoZtfud` forj. iz.k¥h izkjEH d`h xbZ% (C) rk∑ck ds` f¥, (D) fuds`¥ ds` f¥, (A) 1997 eÍ (B) 1999 eÍ 157. vuqPNsn 352 ds` vUrxZr d`h xbZ vkikr(C) 1993 eÍ (D) 1995 eÍ d`k¥ d`h mnΩ?ks".k ¥kxw jg ld`rh gS% (A) N# ekg rd` (B) ckjg ekg rd` 168. tuekul ds` thou eÍ lektoknh fopkj|kjk fd`l ∂`kafr }kjk vk;h= (C) ,d` ekg rd` (D) nks ekg rd` (A) ≠`kal (B) Ôlh 158. fd`lus d`gk ƒk%∏vius d`rZO; d`k ik¥u (C) vejhd`u (D) ;s lHh d`hft, vkSj vf|d`kj Lor# gh vkid`ks fe¥ tk;Íxsπ= 169. d`gk∑ izæklfud` d`kuwu d`h O;oLƒk ik;h tkrh gS= (A) fr¥d` (B) n;kuUn (C) usgÔ (D) xka|h (A) ≠`kal (B) vejhd`k (C) Hkjr (D) fczVsu 159. d`kSulk m»ksx Hkjr eÍ lokZf|d` izR;” jkstxkj iznku d`jrk gS= 170. ;fn vkstksu d`ks leqnzr¥ ij lkekU; (A) phuh (B) lwrh oL( rkieku ,oa ncko ij lEihfMr fd`;k tk,] rks bld`h eksVkbZ gksxh% (C) lheÍV (D) ¥ksgk o bLikr

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/962

(A) 3 œ`hV (C) 3 ehVj 171.

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(B) 3 fd`eh (D) 30 ehVj

ukÈth >≥Ms d`k D;k jax ƒk= (A) uh¥k (B) ¥k¥ vkSj ih¥k (C) ¥k¥ (D) ¥k¥ vkSj uh¥k fgV¥j fd`l n¥ ls lEcfU|r ƒk= (A) œs`foLe (B) ukÈth (C) d`E;qfuLV (D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ fu|Zurk mUew¥u rƒk thou Lrj mUu;u gsrq 20 lw(h d`k;Z∂`e ^kjEH fd`;k x;k ƒk% (A) 1975 eÍ (B) 1977 eÍ (C) 1971 eÍ (D) 1973 eÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu la;qDr jkÆV_ fod`kl d`k;Z∂`e ds` ekuo fod`kl lwpd`kad` d`k ,d` izkp¥ ugÓ gS= (A) fææq e~R;q-nj (B) o;Ld` lk”jrk-nj (C) tUe ds` le; thou izR;kæk (D) ^frO;fDr vk; ¥ksd`er% (A) ¥ksd` d`Y;k. ls izsfjr er gS (B) loZlEefr gS (C) lcd`k er gS (D) cgqer d`k er gS Vsjkjkslk d`gk∑ d`h fofæÆV fe±h gS= (A) fo"qorh; ”s( d`h (B) t¥kI¥kfor ”s( d`h (C) mÆ.d`fVcU|h; ”s( d`h (D) Hwe÷;lkxjh; ”s( d`h ‘vkuUneB’ miU;kl fd`lus f¥[k= (A) ck¥ xaxk|j fr¥d` (B) lqHk"pUnz cksl (C) johUnzukƒ VSxkSj (D) cafd`epUnz p±kksik÷;k; ‘lrr fod`kl’ æCn d`h vkf|d`kfjd` ifjHk"k loZizƒe fuEuf¥f[r fjiksVZ eÍ nh x;h ƒh% (A) czUM¥S≥M fjiksVZ (B) fof¥;Elu fjiksVZ (C) xk¥czsƒ fjiksVZ (D) dq`ÈtusVΩl fjiksVZ fd`l o"Z ‘cLrj fonzksg’ gqvk ƒk= (A) 1864 eÍ (B) 1910 eÍ (C) 1907 eÍ (D) 1878 eÍ jkWd`h ioZr d`ks;¥k ”s( eÍ ik;k tkrk gS% (A) f¥XukbV (B) d`ksd` (C) fcVqfeul (D) ihV o"Z eÍ d`e-ls-d`e fd`ruh ckj ¥ksd`lHk d`k vf|osæu cq¥k;k tkrk gS=

nks ckj (B) ,d` ckj pkj ckj (D) rhu ckj jkT; ds` fir~l®kRed` fl*kUr ds` izc¥ leƒZd` d`kSu ƒs`= (A) lj gsujh esu (B) lUr vkWxLVhu (C) eSd`¥suu (D) I¥sVks csjkstxkjh d`h lokZf|d` lekosæh nj gS% (A) izeq[ izkf;d` fLƒfr (B) izeq[ (Sekfld` fLƒfr (C) pk¥w nSfud` fLƒfr (D) pk¥w lkIrkfgd` fLƒfr fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l rkjs d`h cz©k≥M izfrærrk lokZf|d` gS= (A) flfœ`M rkjs (B) cgq-rkjs (C) ,d`¥ rkjk (D) ;qXe rkjk ¥kWd` }kjk f¥[h x;h iqLrd` d`k uke gS% (A) ¥sfo;kƒu (B) vkWu f¥cVhZ (C) lksæ¥ d`kWUV_SDV (D) n Vw V_hfVtsl vkWœ` xouZesUV eq“;r# Tok¥keq[h; jk[ ls cuh pVΩVkuÍ d`g¥krh gß% (A) Vœ` (B) To¥u[≥Mk'e pVΩVku (C) Tok¥keq[h; pVΩVku (D) HkfLed` pVΩVku f∂`ds`V [s¥ d`k vkfoÆd`kj fd`;k ƒk% (A) bax¥S≥M us (B) U;wth¥S≥M us (C) vkLV_sf¥;k us (D) nf”. v≠`hd`k us i~Foh d`h lrg ij fnu vkSj jkr gksrs gß% (A) i~Foh ds` ?w.Zu ds` d`kj. (B) i~Foh ds` v” ds` >qd`ko ds` d`kj. (C) fo"qokÍ ds` v;u ds` d`kj. (D) mi;qZDr lHh vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; d`h Lƒkiuk d`gk∑ ij d`h x;h= (A) isfjl (B) ¥Unu (C) jkse (D) gsx ,d`kRed` æklu d`k izeq[ nks" gS% (A) ds`Unzh; ljd`kj ds` fujadq`æ gksus d`k H; (B) Lƒkuh; laLƒkvkÍ ds` d`k;Z eÍ ck|k (C) ukSd`jækgh d`k æklu (D) mi;qZDr lHh [k»kUukÍ ds` lqjf”r HaMkj d`k (Sekfld` ekud` d`k loksZPp Lrj fuEuf¥f[r ekg ds` izkjEH eÍ gksrk gS% (A) tq¥kbZ (B) vDVwcj (C) tuojh (D) vizS¥ 1917 ∂`kafr ds` ckn cksYæsfod` lewg d`k u;k uke ƒk% (A) (C)

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^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/963

cksYæsfod` d`E;qfuLV cksYæsfod` ¥sfuu cksYæsfod` ;wfu;u Ôlh d`E;qfuLV ikVhZ ∏ogh ljd`kj lcls vPNh gS] tks lcls d`e æklu d`jrh gSπ ;g fd`ld`k d`ƒu gS= (A) gjcVZ LisUlj (B) fjd`kMksZ (C) ,Me fLeƒ (D) ≠`heSu tc ijrnkj pVΩVkukÍ d`h mRif® gksrh gS] rks ……… ok;qe≥M¥h; rU( ls fud`¥ tkrk gS\ (A) d`kcZu MkbvkWDlkbM (B) t¥okÆi (C) ukbV_kstu (D) vkWDlhtu fd`l o"Z vejhd`k us f}rh; fo'o ;q* eÍ Hkx f¥;k`= (A) 1939 eÍ (B) 1942 eÍ (C) 1940 eÍ (D) 1941 eÍ fd`l o"Z fgV¥j teZuh d`k pkal¥j cuk`= (A) 1930 eÍ (B) 1933 eÍ (C) 1920 eÍ (D) 1925 eÍ NksVs fd`lku os fd`lku gß ftud`h Hwfe tksr d`k vkd`kj gksrk gS% (A) 1 ls 2 gsDVs;j (B) 1 ls 4 gsDVs;j (C) 0 ls 1 gsDVs;j (D) 0 ls 2 gsDVs;j fo'o fod`kl fjiksVZ] 2009 ds` vuqlkj 2000–05 d`h vof| eÍ oSf'od` æq* nsækUrj. fd`l nsæ eÍ vf|d`re ·|ukRed`‚ ƒk`= (A) bV¥h (B) la;qDr jkT; vejhd`k (C) Lisu (D) l˜nh vjc ∏o;Ld` erkf|d`kj d`k d`ksbZ fod`Yi ugÓ gSπ ;g fd`ld`k d`ƒu gS= (A) flMfod` (B) C¥≥Væ¥h (C) ¥kWLd`h (D) czkbl fgV¥j }kjk lcls cÈMh Hw¥ d`h xbZ ƒh% (A) tkiku ij vk∂`e. d`j (B) bV¥h ij vk∂`e. d`j (C) Ôl ij vk∂`e. d`j (D) ≠`kal ij vk∂`e. d`j (A) (B) (C) (D)

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mÂkj O;k“;k lfgr

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(Technopreneur Promotion Programme)—m»eh O;fDr d`h uo-^orZu d`h

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oSKkfud` ,oa vkS»ksfxd` vuqla|ku ”s( eÍ ^xfr%,d` >¥d`

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☛ TePP– nsæ

(Progress in Scientific & Industrial Research Sector—An Overview) 

fu#lansg`ø oSKkfud` ,oa vkS»ksfxd`h ds` ”s( eÍ nsæ d`h ^kphud`k¥ d`h mi¥fC|;kÍ ls ¥sd`j vc rd` ^kIr egkuΩ lœ`¥rkvkÍ d`h ,d` ¥Ech vkSj vuwBh ijEijk jgh gS\ fiN¥s 3 næd`kÍ ds` nkSjku oSKkfud`-^kS»ksfxd`h ,oa vkS»ksfxd`h ds` ”s( eÍ cÈ
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☛ DSIR (Department of Scientific & Industrial Research)—Lƒkiuk-4 January, 1985 d`ks Ministry of Science & Technology (GOI) eÍ (through a Presidential Notification, dated January 4, 1985 (74/2/1/8 Cab.)

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/964

foHkxh; (DSIR) d`k;ksÛ eÍ eq“;Ôi ls CSIR (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research) ls lEcfU|r lHh eke¥s« vuqla|ku ,oa fod`kl (R & D) bd`kb;kÍ d`k iathd`j. rƒk ekU;rk« CEL (Central Electronics Ltd.) rƒk NRDC (National Research Development Corporation) ls lEcfU|r lHh eke¥s]

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^kS»ksfxd`h ^cU|u d`k;Z∂`e (Technology Management Programme)

☛ I I T eqEcbZ K C T U cax¥kSj rƒk M P C O S T Hks i k¥ ds ` lg;ks x ls

^kS»ksfxfd`;kÍ ds` fofæÆV ig¥qvkÍ ij U;wt¥SVj ^d`kfær gß\ lkƒ gh ^kS»ksfxd`h ^cU|u ls lEcfU|r fofæÆV ig¥qvkÍ ij o"Z ds` nkSjku ^fæ”. ^ksxzke / lsfeukj / vkS»ksfxd` vuqla|ku ,oa fod`kl d`k;Zæk¥k,a vk;ksftr d`h xbÛ\ lao|Zu d`k;Z∂`e (Industrial Resea- ☛ o"Z 2008-09 ds` nkSjku] ^kS»ksfxd`h ,oa rch & Development Promotion ^cU|u lEcU|h vusd` v÷;;u æqÔ fd`, Programme)— x,] ftleÍ ^eq[ Ôi ls lfEef¥r gß— DSIR— m»ksx ds` f¥, vuqla|ku ,oa (i) NE Region (Seven Sister's of fod`kl ds`Unz ds` Ôi eÍ ,d` uksM¥ foHkx India) eÍ ckal (Bamboos) d`h fofHUu gS] tks x~g%eÍ (In-house) vuqla|ku ,oa ^tkfr;kÍ ds` fod`kl gsrq v÷;;u] lkƒ gh fod`kl d`h LohÎ`fr ^nku d`jrk gS\ o"Z ch¥ efRL;d`h (Bell Fisheries) ds` Hh 2008-09 ds` nkSjku 1361; In-house R & fod`kl eÍ« (ii) nsæ eÍ vUMh (Castor) ds` D Centres d`h LohÎ`fr nh xbZ\ rs¥ eÍ rd`uhd`h Lrj« (iii) E-waste o"Z 2008-09 ds` nkSjku DSIR }kjk 2 ^cU|u d`h ”erk« (iv) d`ukZVd` ds` rVh; MkbjSDV_h (Two Directories) ^d`kfær tuinkÍ eÍ eRL; ^laLd`j. m»ksx d`h d`h xbÛ—(i) “Directory of Recognized rd`uhd`h vkWfMV vkfn\ In-house R & D Units–2008” rƒk ☛ DSIR }kjk IIT xqokgkVh eÍ vuqla|ku ,oa (ii) “Directory of Recognized Scientifæ”. eÍ rd`uhd`h ^cU|u d`h Hkoh lksp fic & Industrial Organisation-2008”. gsrq ds`Unz æqÔ d`j fn;k x;k gS\ DSIR ds` vUrxZr fofHUu ”s(kÍ tSl— s ■ vUrjkZÆV_h; lg;ksx (International vkS"|h;] Î`f"] lkekftd` foKku] Co-operation) Natural & Applied Sciences vkfn eÍ ☛ DSIR us APCTT (Asian and Pacific vuqla|ku / laxBu ds`Unz tqÈMs gß\ Centre for Transfer of Technology), DSIR— vuqla|ku laLƒkukÍ / fo'otks ¥?q vkSj e÷;e m|fe;kÍ ds` chp lhek fo»k¥;kÍ / IITs / IISc / NITs / RECs ikj O;kikj ds` lg;ksx d`ks cÈ
(Website)— www.dsir.gov.in

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oSKkfud` ,oa vkS»ksfxd` vuqla|ku foHkx / ea(k¥; d`k lajpukRed` / laxBukRed`
MkW\ vks\ ih\ jktiwr] Mh\,l-lh\

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(Technology Development & Demonstration Programme)—m»ksx–R & D (Research & Development) ds` fod`kl^;klkÍ d`h lgk;rk d`juk rƒk (ii) TePP

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ijkeæhZ lao|Zu d`k;Z∂`e (Consultancy Promotion Programme)

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o"Z ds` nkSjku (2008-09), uks,Mk eÍ ¥?q ,oa e÷;e m»ksxkÍ gsrq lwpuk ^kS»ksfxd`h

ijkeæhZ uSnkfud`] 3 ijkeæhZ uS n kfud`h (Consultancy Clinics)—(i) Hosiery Industry ·gkStjh m»ksx‚] d`kuiqj ·m\ ^\‚« (ii) twV mRikn] d`ks¥d`krk ·i\ ca\‚ rƒk (iii) fMtkbu ,oa bathfu;j lÍVj]

d`ks;EcVwj ·rfe¥ukMq‚ d`k d`k;Z lœ`¥rkiwoZd` gS\ ☛ D S I R }kjk C E A I (Consultancy Engineers Association of India) ,oa vU; ijkeæZ lao|Zu laxBukÍ d`ks rd`uhd`h vknku / leƒZu Hh ^nku fd`;k x;k\

☛ CSIR

}kjk vPNs tuZYl (Journals) ^d`kfær fd`, tkrs gß\ tSls—Journal of Polymer Science; Technology & Applied Pharmacology.

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^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/965

☛ NRDC

dq`jdq`ek ,jksesfVd`k d`h ubZ-fge gYnh ^tkfr d`k fod`kl— liZnaæ / ?kokÍ / ekalisfæ;kÍ / ladq`pu gsrq« fo¥qIr fgju (Deer) d`k ubZ uL¥ ‘Blacky’ deer d`k fod`kl« Î`f" ”s( eÍ [k» œ`l¥kÍ d`h ubZ lad`j chtkÍ/fd`LekÍ d`k fod`kl% Apomixis rd`uhd` }kjk vƒkZrΩ ‘Asexual

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☛ CEL

(Central Limited)

Electronics

☛ CEL

us lkSj-œ`ksVkscksYVsd`] js¥os lads`ru vkSj lqj”k mid`j.] j.uhfrd` b¥SDV_ksfuDl ds` ”s( eÍ nsæ eÍ loksZPp Lƒku cuk, j[k gS\ ☛ CEL d`Eiuh d`k eq“; feæu ‘Solar

Hybrid Seed Production Technology’–Genetic Engineering ds` fod`kl

gsrq« Tokj / cktjk / |ku eÍ ¥xus ok¥s d`hV ‘Helicoverpa armigera’ ds ` fu;a(. gsrq Bt-‘Cry 1 Ac’ ,oa ‘Cry 2 Ab’ Toxins d`k fod`kl] vkfn\ blds` v¥kok CEL d`k Solar Energy System & Strategic Electronics eÍ rd`uhd`h mY¥s[uh; ^;kl eq“;Ôi ls gß\ HfoÆ; eÍ ,sls vkSj u, vuqla|ku fofHUu ”s(kÍ eÍ d`jus d`h egrh vko';d`rk gS\ fu#lansg`ø

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DSIR (Ministry of Science & Technology, GOI) oSKkfud` ,oa

vkS»ksfxd` vuqla|ku ”s( eÍ ^xfr d`h vksj mi;ksxh vuqla|ku d`k;Z d`j jgk gS\

oLrqfuÆB ^'u 1. DSIR (Department of Scientific & Industrial Research) d`h Lƒkiuk foKku ,oa rd`uhd`h ea(k¥; (Ministry of Science & Technology– GOI) eÍ d`c gqbZ ƒh=

650 fjfDr;k∑

(A) 4 tuojh] 1985 (B) 4 tuojh] 1990 (C) 4 tuojh] 1995 (D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 2.

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3. CCMB (Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology), gSnjkckn

·vka\`^\‚ ds` oSKkfud`kÍ us Î`f(e xHkZ|ku (AI-Artificial Insemination) rd`uhd` }kjk U;wcksuZ e~x æs" i~ÆB 978 ij

6718 fjfDr;k∑

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mid`kj ^d`kæu

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(B) VZ (D) UX

(A) 217 (C) 241 (E) 131

(B) 143 (D) 157

ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 06. uhps fn, x, ik∑p eÍ ls d`ksbZ pkj ,d` leku gß rƒk ,d` lewg d`h jpuk d`jrs gß\ d`kSulk ,d` ml lewg ds` vUrxZr ugÓ vkrk gS=

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14.

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d`ƒu R $ J, J % D, D ★ F fuÆd`"Z% I. D $ R II. D @ R

funsZæ%·^'u 31 ls 40 rd`‚ uhps ,d` laLƒk eÍ d`kfeZd` ^cU|d` d`k p;u d`jus d`h ærsÛ nh xbZ gß\ mEehnokj…………… (i) d`e ls d`e 50% vad` lfgr xzstq,V gksuk pkfg,\ (ii) ds` ikl d`e ls d`e 60% vad lfgr d`kfeZd` ^cU|u/HR eÍ iksLV xzstq,V fMxzh/fMI¥ksek gksuk pkfg,\ (iii) d`h vk;q rƒk 1-6-2009, 35 o"Z ls vf|d` ugÓ gksuh pkfg,\

d`ks fd`lh laxBu ds` d`kfeZd`/HR ^Hkx eÍ] vgZrk ^kfIr ds` ckn d`e-lsd`e 5 o"Z d`k d`k;kZuqHo gksuk pkfg,\ (v) d`ks p;u ^f∂`;k eÍ d`e ls d`e 45% vad` fe¥s gksus pkfg,\ ;fn d`ksbZ mEehnokj lHh ærsÛ iwjh d`jrk gS] flok; ………… (a) mi;qZâ` (iii) fd`Urq mls vgZrk ^kfIr ds` ckn d`e ls d`e nl o"Z d`k d`k;kZ uqHo gS] rks mld`k eke¥k funsæd` d`kfeZd` ds` ikl Hstk tkuk pkfg,\ (b) mi;qZâ` (iv) fd`Urq mls crkSj mi d`kfeZd` ^cU|d` d`e ls d`e rhu o"Z d`k vgZrk ^kfIr ds` ckn vuqHo gS rks eke¥k ^sflMsUV d`kfeZd` ds` ikl Hstk tk,xk\ uhps ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ ,d` mEehnokj d`k fooj. fn;k x;k gS\ vkid`ks nh xbZ lwpuk rƒk ˜ij nh xbZ ærksÛ ,oa miærksÛ ds` vk|kj ij fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls ,d` d`kjZokbZ d`juh gksxh vkSj ml d`kjZokbZ d`h la“;k d`ks m®j ds` Ôi eÍ nækZuk gksxk\ ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ nh xbZ lwpuk ds` v¥kok vkid`ks d`ksbZ vuqeku ugÓ ¥xkuk gS\ vkid`ks ;s lkjs eke¥s ;ƒk 1-6-2009 fn, tk jgs gß\ m®j nhft,% (A) ;fn mEehnokj d`k p;u fd`;k tkuk gS\ (B) ;fn mEehnokj d`k p;u ugÓ fd`;k tkuk gS\ (C) ;fn fn;k x;k MkVk fu.Z; ¥sus ds` f¥, vi;kZIr gS\ (D) ;fn eke¥k funs æ d` d`kfeZd` d`ks Hstk tk,xk\ (E) ;fn eke¥k ^sflMsUV–d`kfeZd` d`ks Hstk tk,xk\ 31. ehuk JhokLro d`k tUe 6 ekpZ] 1978 d`ks gqvk ƒk\ HR eÍ 68% vad` lfgr viuk iksLV xzstq,V fMI¥ksek iwjk d`jus ds` ckn og fiN¥s pkj o"Z ls ,d` laxBu eÍ crkSj mi d`kfeZd` ^cU|d` d`ke d`j jgh gS\ mls xzstq,æu vkSj p;u ^f∂`;k nksukÍ eÍ 50% vad` fe¥s gß\ 32. ds`ru nslkbZ d`k tUe 5 tuojh] 1976 d`ks gqvk ƒk\ 64% vad` lfgr d`kfeZd` ^cU|u eÍ viuk iksLV xzstq,V fMI¥ksek iwjk d`jus ds` ckn og fiN¥s ik∑p o"ksÛ ls ,d` laxBu ds` d`kfeZd` foHkx eÍ d`ke d`j jgk gS\ mlus p;u ^f∂`;k eÍ 40% vkSj xzstq,æu eÍ 52% vad` ik, gß\ 33. vuar tksæh] fiN¥s Ng o"Z ls ,d` laxBu ds` d`kfeZd` foHkx eÍ d`ke d`j jgk gS\ mld`k tUe 7 uoEcj] 1977 d`ks gqvk ƒk\ mlus d`kfeZd` ^cU|u eÍ (iv)

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

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iksLV xzstq,V fMxzh eÍ 60% vad` ik, gß\ mlus xzstq,æu vkSj p;u ^f∂`;k nksukÍ eÍ 55% vad` ik, gß\ eksgu oktis;h d`k tUe 10 v^S¥] 1975 d`ks gqvk ƒk\ mls xzstq,æu eÍ 55% vkSj d`kfeZd` ^cU|u eÍ iksLV– xzstq,V fMI¥ksek eÍ 65% vad` fe¥s gß\ viuk iksLV xzstq,V fMI¥ksek iwjk d`jus ds` ckn og fiN¥s Ng o"Z ls ,d` laxBu ds` HR foHkx eÍ d`k;Z d`j jgk gS\ 62% vad` lfgr HR eÍ viuk iksLV xzstq,V fMI¥ksek iwjk d`jus ds` ckn] fiN¥s ik∑p o"Z ls xksik¥ æekZ ,d` laxBu ds` HR foHkx eÍ d`k;Z d`j jgk gS\ mls xzstq,æu vkSj p;u ^f∂`;k nksukÍ eÍ 50% vad` fe¥s gß\ mld`k tUe 29 ebZ] 1974 d`ks gqvk ƒk\ v:. oksgjk d`ks xzstq,æu eÍ 55% vad` fe¥s gß\ 65% vad` lfgr d`kfeZd` ^cU|u eÍ viuh iksLV xzzstq,V fMxzh iwjh d`jus ds` ckn] fiN¥s X;kjg o"Z ls og ,d` laxBu ds` d`kfeZd` foHkx eÍ d`ke d`j jgk gS\ mls p;u ^f∂`;k eÍ 50% vad` fe¥s gß\ mld`k tUe 12 vxLr] 1972 d`ks gqvk ƒk\ vkæk |j d`ks xzstq,æu eÍ 52% vkSj d`kfeZd` ^cU|u eÍ iksLV xzstq,V fMxzh eÍ 62% vad` fe¥s gß\ mlus p;u ijh”k eÍ Hh 48% vad` ik, gß\ viuh iksLV xzstq,V fMxzh iwjh d`jus ds` ckn og fiN¥s 7 o"Z ls ,d` laxBu ds` d`kfeZd` foHkx eÍ d`k;Z d`j jgh gS\ mld`k tUe 8 twu] 1974 d`ks gqvk ƒk\ lq|k ?ks"k¥ d`k tUe 20 vDVwcj] 1976 d`ks gqvk ƒk\ 67% vad` lfgr viuh iksLV xzstq,V fMxzh iwjh d`jus ds` ckn] fiN¥s 4 o"Z ls og ,d` laxBu eÍ crkSj mi d`kfeZd` ^cU|d` d`k d`ke d`j jgh gS\ mlus xzstq,æu eÍ 60% vkSj p;u ^f∂`;k eÍ 45% vad` ik, gß\ vfer lDlsuk d`k tUe 25 tq¥kbZ] 1973 d`ks gqvk ƒk\ HR eÍ 70% vad` lfgr viuk iksLV xzstq,V fMI¥ksek iwjk d`jus ds` ckn fiN¥s X;kjg o"Z ls og ,d` laxBu ds` d`kfeZd` foHkx eÍ d`ke d`j jgk gS\ mlus xzstq,æu vkSj p;u ^f∂`;k nksukÍ eÍ 60% vad` ik, gß\ uohu nkl d`k tUe 14 v^S¥] 1978 d`ks gqvk ƒk\ HR eÍ 65% vad` lfgr viuk iksLV xsztq,æu fMI¥ksek iwjk d`jus ds` ckn fiN¥s Ng o"Z ls og ,d` laxBu ds` d`kfeZd` foHkx eÍ d`ke d`j jgk gS\ mlus xzstq,æu vkSj p;u ^f∂`;k nksukÍ eÍ 45% vad` ik, gß\

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/969

funsZæ%·^'u 41 ls 45 rd`‚ uhps ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ v”jkÍ d`k ,d` lewg vkSj mlds` ckn vad`kÍ/^rhd`kÍ ds` pkj la;kstu (A), (B), (C) vkSj (D) fn, x, gß\ vkid`ks ;g irk ¥xkuk gS fd`] fuEuf¥f[r d`ks¯Mx flLVe vkSj ærksÛ ds` vk|kj ij] d`kSulk la;kstu v”jkÍ ds` lewg d`k lgh fuÔi. d`jrk gS vkSj ml la;kstu ds` v”jkad` d`ks vius m®j ds` Ôi eÍ nækZuk gS\ ;fn pkj eÍ ls d`ksbZ Hh la;kstu v”jkÍ ds` lewg d`k lgh fuÔi. ugÓ d`jrk gS rks m®j (E) nhft,] vƒkZrΩ ‘bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ’ nhft,\ v”j # vad`/^rhd` d`ksM #

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49 pj. IV 87 ahead 62 base 49 35 or gone pj. V 87 ahead 62 base 49 gone 35 or vkSj pj. V iquO;ZoLƒk d`k vfUre

pj. gS\ mi;qZâ` pj.kÍ eÍ vuqlfjr fu;ekÍ ds` vuqlkj] uhps fn, x, ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ fn, x, buiqV ds` f¥, mi;qâ` pj. d`k irk ¥xkb,\ 46. buiqV # how was your stay 56 25 36 64

fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk pj. VI gksxk= (A) 64 how 56 was your stay 25 36 (B) 64 how 56 stay 36 was 25 your (C) 64 how 56 stay 36 was your 25 (D) ,slk d`ksbZ pj. ugÓ gksxk (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

funsZæ%·^'u 46 ls 50 rd`‚ fuEu- 47. buiqV # power fail now 52 24 75 gate 34 f¥f[r tkud`kjh d`k ÷;kuiwoZd` v÷;;u d`j fn, x, ^'ukÍ ds` m®j nhft,\ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk vfUre ls ig¥s ok¥k pj. gksxk= ,d` æCn vkSj la“;k O;oLƒk eæhu] (A) IV (B) V æCnkÍ vkSj vad`kÍ d`h buiqV ¥kbu nsus ij] ^R;sd` pj. eÍ ,d` [kl fu;e d`k vuqlj. (C) VI (D) VII d`jrs gq, mUgÍ iqu# O;ofLƒr d`jrh gS\ uhps (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ buiqV vkSj iquO;ZoLƒk d`k ,d` mnkgj. 48. ,d` buiqV d`k pj. III gS # 91 car fn;k x;k gS\ 85 14 27 few new house base 35 or gone 62 49 87 buiqV fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk fuf'pr ahead Ôi ls buiqV gS= pj. I 87 base 35 or gone 62 49 (A) 85 14 91 car 27 few new ahead

pj. II 87 ahead base 35 or gone 62 49

house (B) car 91 85 14 27 few new house

(C) car 85 14 27 few new house 91 (D) fu|kZfjr ugÓ fd`;k tk ld`rk gS (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 49.

,d` buiqV d`k pj. II gS # 75 down 16 24 farm eager 62 sky

iquO;ZoLƒk d`ks iwjk d`jus eÍ vkSj fd`rus pj. ¥xÍxs= (A) pkj (B) ik∑p (C) Ng (D) lkr (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 50. buiqV # 14 35 when they came 61 48 home

iquO;ZoLƒk d`ks iwjk d`jus eÍ vkSj fd`rus pj. ¥xÍxs= (A) pkj (B) ik∑p (C) Ng (D) lkr (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ funsZæ%·^'u 51 ls 55 rd`‚ uhps ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ (I) vkSj (II) nks d`ƒu fn, x, gß\ ;s d`ƒu ;k rks Lora( d`kj. gks ld`rs gß ;k Lora( d`kj.kÍ ;k lkekU; d`kj. ds` ifj.ke gks ld`rs gß\ bueÍ ls ,d` d`ƒu nwljs d`ƒu d`k ifj.ke gks ld`rk gS\ nksukÍ d`ƒukÍ d`ks ifÈ<, vkSj r; d`hft, fd` fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l m®j d`k pquko bu nksukÍ d`ƒukÍ ds` chp lgh lEcU| crkrk gS\ m®j nhft,% (A) ;fn d`ƒu (I) d`kj. gS vkSj d`ƒu (II) mld`k ifj.ke gS\ (B) ;fn d`ƒu (II) d`kj. gS vkSj d`ƒu (I) mld`k ifj.ke gS\ (C) ;fn d`ƒu (I) vkSj (II) nksukÍ d`ƒu Lora( d`kj. gß\ (D) ;fn d`ƒu (I) vkSj (II) nks u kÍ d`ƒu Lora( d`kj.kÍ ds` ifj.ke gß\ (E) ;fn d`ƒu (I) vkSj (II) nksukÍ d`ƒu fd`lh lkekU; d`kj. ds` ifj.ke gß\ 51. (I) cgqr ls o~* ¥ksx b¥kds` ds` ;qokvkÍ }kjk lrr lrk, tk jgs gß\ (II) b¥kds` ds` cgqr ls cPps nsj æke rd` [s¥rs gß\ 52. (I) jkT; ljd`kj us vx¥s æSf”d` o"Z ls d`”k IX ds` xf.r ds` ikBΩ;∂`e eÍ ifjorZu d`jus d`k fu.Z; f¥;k gS\ (II) jkT; ds` cgqr ls fo»kƒhZ viuh ilUn ds` d`kW¥st eÍ nkf[¥k ugÓ ¥s ik,\ 53. (I) orZeku fo®h; o"Z ds` vUr eÍ fofuekZ. d`Eiuh ds` vf|d`kaær# ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/970

d`eZpkfj;kÍ d`ks Hkjh–Hjd`e cksul fe¥k\ (II) orZeku fo®h; o"Z eÍ fofuekZ. d`Eiuh us cgqr ¥kH d`ek;k gS\ 54. (I) uxjikf¥d`k ^kf|d`j. us ægj ds` eq“; ekxZ ds` uhps ikbi¥kbu d`h ejEer d`k d`k;Z d`jus d`k fu.Z; f¥;k gS\ (II) iUnzg fnu d`h vof| ds` f¥, okgukÍ ds` vkokxeu d`k oSd`fYid` lÈMd`kÍ ls foiƒu fd`;k x;k gS\ 55. (I) fiN¥h frekgh ds` nkSjku foeku ;k(k d`jus ok¥s ¥ksxkÍ d`h la“;k d`kœ`h d`e gks xbZ\ (II) fiN¥s frekgh ds` nkSjku ¥Ech nwjh d`h V_sukÍ ls ;k(k d`jus ok¥s ¥ksxkÍ d`h la“;k d`kœ`h d`e gks xbZ gS\ funsZæ%·^'u 56 ls 60 rd`‚ uhps ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ ,d` d`ƒu vkSj mlds` ckn d`k;Zokgh ds` nks mik; I vkSj II fn, x, gß\ d`k;Zokgh ls rkRi;Z ml mik; vƒok ^ækld`h; fu.Z; ls gS tks leL;k] uhfr vkfn ds` lUnHZ eÍ lq|kj vuqorZu ;k vkxs d`h tkus ok¥h d`k;Zokgh ls lEcfU|r gS\ d`ƒu eÍ nh xbZ tkud`kjh ds` vk|kj ij vkid`ks d`ƒu eÍ nh xbZ ^R;sd` ckr d`ks lgh ekuuk gS vkSj mlds` ckn r; d`juk gS fd` fn, x, lq>kokÍ eÍ ls d`kSulh d`k;Zokgh d`k;kZUo;u ds` f¥, rdZ`laxr Ôi ls vuqlj. d`jrh gS\ m®j nhft,% (A) ;fn ds ` o¥ d`k;Zokgh I vuq l j. d`jrh gS\ (B) ;fn ds`o¥ d`k;Zokgh II vuqlj. d`jrh gS\ (C) ;fn d`k;Zokgh I ;k d`k;Zokgh II vuqlj. d`jrh gS\ (D) ;fn u rks d`k;Zokgh I vkSj u gh d`k;Zokgh II vuqlj. d`jrh gS\ (E) ;fn I vkSj II nksukÍ d`k;Zokfg;k∑ vuqlj. d`jrh gß\ 56. d`ƒu%t¥ d`h vkiwfrZ d`jus ok¥s ikbikÍ eÍ ¥hds`t d`h otg ls t¥ d`h cckZnh ds` d`kj. ægj ds` cgqr ls HkxkÍ eÍ is; t¥ d`h vkiwfrZ eÍ ck|k vkbZ gS\ d`k;Zokfg;k∑% I. ljd`kj d`ks bl eke¥s eÍ tk∑p ds` vknsæ nsus pkfg,\ II. ukxfjd` fud`k; d`ks ”fr d`k tk;tk ¥sus vkSj ^Hkoh mik; d`jus ds` f¥, ,d` rF;–æks|d` n¥ d`k xBu d`juk pkfg,\

d`ƒu%ægj ds` d`bZ HkxkÍ eÍ e¥sfj;k ihfÈMr ¥ksxkÍ d`h la“;k eÍ ¯prktud` o~f* gqbZ gS\ d`k;Zokfg;k∑% I. uxj fuxe us lHh ljd`kjh vLirk¥kÍ d`ks e¥s f j;k d`h nokb;kÍ d`k i;kZIr H≥Mkj j[us d`h lwpuk nh gS\ II. uxj fuxe us ¥ksxkÍ d`ks ekWlfd`Vks fjis¥UV d`ks mi;ksx d`jus vkSj vius ifjlj LoPN j[us d`k vuqjks| fd`;k gS\ 58. d`ƒu%cgqr ls ¥ksxkÍ us ljd`kjh lEif® ij vfr∂`e. d`j vius ?jkÍ vkSj d`kjksckjh Lƒ¥kÍ d`k fuekZ. d`j f¥;k gS\ d`k;Zokfg;k∑% I. ljd`kjh Hwwfe ls lHh vuf|Î`r fuekZ.kÍ d`ks gVkus ds` f¥, ljd`kj d`ks rRd`k¥ d`ne mBkus pkfg,\ II. lHh vfr∂`e.d`kfj;kÍ d`ks rRd`k¥ d`kjkokl eÍ Mk¥k tkuk pkfg, vkSj mUgÍ Hkjh tqekZuk fd`;k tkuk pkfg,\ 59. d`ƒu%ekSle–foKkiu foHkx us orZeku ekulwu ds` nkSjku nsæ Hj eÍ lkekU; o"kZ d`k iwokZuqeku fd`;k gS\ d`k;Zokfg;k∑% I. ljd`kj d`ks orZeku o"Z ds` f¥, [k»kUukÍ d`h [jhn d`her ?Vk nsuh pkfg,\ II. ljd`kj d`ks orZeku o"Z ds` f¥, moZjd`kÍ ij lgk;d`h ?Vk nsuh pkfg,\ 60. d`ƒu%fiN¥s dq`N o"ksÛ eÍ ægjh ”s(kÍ eÍ ljd`kjh Ldw`¥ NksÈM nsus ok¥kÍ d`h la“;k eÍ d`kœ`h o~f* gqbZ gS\ d`k;Zokfg;k∑% I. ljd`kj d`ks ægjh ”s(kÍ ds` ,sls lHh Ldw`¥ rRd`k¥ cUn d`j nsus pkfg, ftueÍ Ldw`¥ NksÈMus ok¥kÍ d`h la“;k 20% ls vf|d` gks\ II. ægjh ”s(kÍ eÍ ljd`kjh Ldw`¥ NksÈM nsus ok¥s lHh fo»kfƒZ;kÍ ds` ekrk– firk d`ks nafMr fd`;k tkuk pkfg,\ funsZæ%·^'u 61 ls 65 rd`‚ uhps fn, x, ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ ig¥s ,d` d`ƒu gS fœ`j mlds` uhps nks iwoZ|kj.k,∑ gß ftUgÍ ∂`ekad` I vkSj II fn, x, gß\ d`ksbZ iwoZ|kj.k og ckr gS ftls ;k rks eku f¥;k x;k gks ;k og x~ghr gks\ vkid`ks fn, x, d`ƒu vkSj mlds` uhps nh xbZ iwoZ|kj.kvkÍ ij fopkj d`jus ds` ckn r; d`juk gS fd` d`kSulh iwoZ|kj.k d`ƒu eÍ varfuZfgr gS ………… 57.

m®j nhft,% (A) vxj ds`o¥ iwoZ|kj.k I vUrfuZfgr gS\ (B) vxj ds`o¥ iwoZ|kj.k II vUrfuZfgr gS\ (C) vxj ;k rks iwoZ|kj.k I vƒok iwoZ|kj.k II vUrfuZfgr gS\ (D) vxj u rks iwoZ|kj.k I u gh iwoZ|kj.k II vUrfuZfgr gS\ (E) vxj iwoZ|kj.k,∑ I vkSj II nksukÍ vUrfuZfgr gß\ 61. d`ƒu%,d` fookg ds` lRd`kj lekjksg eÍ Hkstu d`jus ds` ckn cgqr ls ¥ksx chekj iÈM x, vkSj mUgÍ rRd`k¥ ikl ds` ljd`kjh vkSj ^kbosV vLirk¥kÍ eÍ ¥s tk;k x;k\ iwoZ|kj.k,∑% I. ^Hkfor ¥ksxkÍ ds` fj'rsnkj mUgÍ ljd`kjh vLirk¥ eÍ ¥s tkus ls bud`kj d`jÍxs\ II. fud`VorhZ vLirk¥ lHh ^Hkfor ¥ksxkÍ d`k mipkj d`j ldÍ`xs\ 62. d`ƒu%ljd`kj us xzkeh. ”s(kÍ eÍ u, d`kjksckjh mi∂`e Lƒkfir d`jus ds` f¥, gk¥ gh eÍ ^ksRlkgu iSds`t d`h ?ks".k d`h gS vkSj lHh ;wfuVkÍ d`ks vckf|r ikoj lI¥kbZ d`k opu fn;k gS\ iwoZ|kj.k,∑% I. ljd`kj ,sls lHh ;wfuVkÍ d`ks i;kZIr ikoj lI¥kbZ d`j ik,xh\ II. xzkeh. ”s(kÍ ds` fuoklh ljd`kj ds` bl fu.Z; d`k Lokxr d`jÍxs\ 63. d`ƒu%eq“; R;kSSgkj ds` fnu uxjikf¥d`k ^kf|d`j. us efUnj ds` vUnj vkSj bnZ–fxnZ ;krk;kr d`k vkokxeu jksd` fn;k\ iwoZ|kj.k,∑% I. eq“; R;kSgkj ds` fnu cgqr cÈMh la“;k eÍ Hâ`x. efUnj eÍ vk,axs\ II. efUnj ds` vklikl ds` ”s(kÍ eÍ ;k(k d`jus ok¥s ¥ksx vR;ar vko';d` d`ke ugÓ gks rks viuh ;k(k ,d` fnu ds` f¥, Lƒfxr d`j nÍxs\ 64. d`ƒu%ljd`kj us ægj ds` lHh ^kbosV Ldw`¥kÍ d`ks d`e ls d`e nks o"Z ds` f¥, œ`hl d`k orZeku Lrj cuk, j[us ds` vuqnsæ fn, gß\ iwoZ|kj.k,∑% I. ^kbos V Ldw ` ¥kÍ ds ` ^kf|d`kjh ljd`kj ds` vuqnsæ d`k ik¥u ugÓ d`jÍxs D;kÍfd` os ljd`kjh fuf|;kÍ ij fuHZj ugÓ gß\ ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/971

II.

ægj ds ` ^kbos V Ldw ` ¥kÍ ds ` iwoZ|kj.k,∑% fo»kfƒZ;kÍ ds` ekrk–firk fœ`j Hh I. V_sfœ`d` foHkx oSd`fYid` ekxksÛ ls vf|d` œ`hl vnk d`jus ds` f¥, okgukÍ ds` vkokxeu d`k foiƒu mRlqd` gkÍxs\ d`j ik,xk\ 65. d`ƒu%uxj ikf¥d`k ^kf|d`j. us ,d` II. fud`VorhZ ”s(kÍ eÍ ;k(k d`jus O;Lr jksM ij u, Œ¥kbZvksoj ds` ok¥s ¥ksx ^kf|d`j. ds` fu.Z; ds` fuekZ. ds` f¥, iqjkus iq¥ d`ks fxjk nsus fojks | eÍ ^næZu d`jÍxs\ d`k fu.Z; f¥;k gS\ funsZæ%·^'u 66 ls 70 rd`‚ fuEuf¥f[r gj ^'u eÍ ;fn ∂`e tkjh jgk rks nkfguh vksj nh xbZ ik∑p m®j vkÎ`fr;kÍ eÍ ls d`kSulh m®j vkÎ`fr ckbÛ vksj d`h ^'u– vkÎ`fr;kÍ ds` rRd`k¥ ckn vkuh pkfg,= ^'u vkÎ`fr;k∑ m®j vkÎ`fr;k∑ 66. (A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

67.

68.

69.

70.

funsZæ%·^'u 71 ls 75 rd`‚ uhps fn, x, ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ vuv”jkafd`r vkÎ`fr;kÍ d`k ,d` tksÈMk rƒk mlds` ckn vkÎ`fr;kÍ ds` ik∑p v”jkafd`r tksÈMs fn, x, gß\ bu ik∑pkÍ eÍ ls pkj mlh ^d`kj d`k lEcU| ^d`V d`jrs gß tSlk vuv”jkafd`r tksÈMs eÍ fn;k x;k gS\ ds`o¥ ,d` vkÎ`fr eÍ tksÈMk ml ^d`kj d`k lEcU| ugÓ ^d`V d`jrk gS\ ml tksÈMs d`ks pqfu,\ mld`k v”jkad` gh vkid`k m®j gS\ fuEuf¥f[r ^'u d`k v÷;;u d`jÍ\

I

I

II

I

II

(A)

I

II

(B)

I

II

(C)

I

II

(D)

II

(E)

bl ^'u eÍ vuv”jkafd`r tksÈMs ds` vkÎ`fr;kÍ eÍ ?Vd` II ?Vd` I ls fd`lh ^d`kj lEcfU|r gS\ ?Vd` II eÍ ?Vd` I d`h vis”k ,d` Hqtk vf|d` gS\ v”jkafd`r vkÎ`fr v{kjkad` (A), (B), (C) vkSj (E) eÍ mlh ^d`kj d`k lEcU| gS] tSls ^R;sd` vkÎ`fr eÍ ?Vd` I d`h rq¥uk eÍ ?Vd` II eÍ ,d` Hqtk vf|d` gS\ rƒkfi vkÎ`fr 4 ds` ?Vd`kÍ eÍ bl rjg d`k lEcU| ugÓ gS\ vr# m®j (D) gS\ vc fuEuf¥f[r ^'ukÍ d`ks g¥ d`jÍ% 71. I

II

I

II

(A)

I

II

(B)

I

II

(C)

I

II

(D)

I

II

(E)

72. I

II

I

II

I

(A)

II

I

(B)

II

I

(C)

II

I

(D)

II

(E)

73. I

II

I

II

I

(A)

II

I

(B)

II

I

(C)

II

I

(D)

II

(E)

74. I

II

I

II

I

(A)

II

I

(B)

II

I

(C)

II

I

(D)

II

(E)

75. I

II

I

II

I

(A)

m®j O;k“;k lfgr

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/972

II

(B)

I

II

(C)

I

II

(D)

I

II

(E)

cßd` vkWœ` egkjkÆV_ ·Î`f" vf|d`kjh‚ ijh”k] 30-8-2009 d`k g¥ ^'u-i(

la“;kRed` vfH;ksX;rk ·Le~fr ij vk|kfjr‚

funsZæ%·^'u 1 ls 5 rd`‚ fuEu- 10. 2 7 30 138 524 1557 3102 f¥f[r ^'ukÍ eÍ ^'ufpÕ (?) ds` Lƒku ij (A) 7 (B) 30 D;k vk,xk= (C) 138 (D) 524 01. 58·621 – 13·829 – 7·302 – 1·214 =? (A) 37·281 (B) 35·272 (C) 36·276 (D) 31·254 (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 02. 450 d`k ?% + 285 d`k 46% = 257·1 (A) 34 (B) 32 (C) 21 (D) 28 (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

(E) 1557 4 11. 850 ds` ds` 25% 5

16.

^sj.k us vius osru d`k 15% ,d` ;rhe[kus d`ks nku nsus d`k fu.Z; fd`;k\ nku nsus ok¥s fnu mld`k eu cn¥ x;k vkSj mlus 1,896 :\ nku eÍ fn, tks ig¥s r; d`h xbZ jkfæ d`k 80% ƒk\ ^sj.k d`k osru fd`ruk gS= (A) 18,500 :\ (B) 10,250 :\ (C) 15,800 :\ (D) fu|kZfjr ugÓ fd`;k tk ld`rk (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

1 2 d`k 45% fd`ruk 17. ;fn 9 9 eÍ ls 3 3 d`ks ?Vk;k tk,] vkSj vUrj d`ks 450 ls xq.k fd`;k tk,] rks vfUre m®j D;k vk,xk= (B) 83·5

gS= (A) 67·5 (C) 69·5 (E) bueÍ ls

(D) 76·5

(A) 2,250 (B) 2,045 (C) 2,540 (D) fu|kZfjr ugÓ (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ

d`ksbZ ugÓ 12. ^Hk us 32,000 :\ d`k fuosæ d`jds ` fd`;k tk ld`rk ,d` fctusl æqÔ fd`;k\ ik∑p ekg ckn ugÓ 22,000 :\ d`h iw∑th ds` lkƒ vfer Hh 03. (81) 4 ÷ (9)5 = ? ækfe¥ gks x;k\ o"Z ds` vUr eÍ dq`¥ 18. ;fn ,d` fHUu ds` vaæ d`ks 600% 16,409 :\ d`k ¥kH gqvk\ bl ¥kH cÈ
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/974

144

(A) 24 (C) 48 (E) bueÍ

? (B) 56 (D) 32

ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

21. 839·999 ÷ 48·007 = ? (A) 9·5 (B) 23·5 (C) 11·5 (D) 28·5 (E) 17·5

22.

⎯⎯⎯⎯ √ 8000 = ? (A) 76 (C) 65 (E) 58

29. (B) 89 (D) 97

23. 18·001 × 22·999 × 9·998 = ? (A) 4560 (B) 6290 (C) 4140 (D) 5920 (E) 5080 24. 99999 ÷ 99 ÷ 9 = ? (A) 112 (B) 211 (C) 121 (D) 221 (E) 222 25. 7984·986 + 2541·005 + 127·996 =? (A) 11280 (B) 15600 (C) 14650 (D) 10650 (E) 16500

o"Z 2007 eÍ A, B o C ægjkÍ d`ks 32. ;fn rhu da`ps csrjrhc
(C)

18 : 17 13 : 14 17 : 18 14 : 13

(D)

182

545

(E)

bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 33. ;fn nks da`ps csrjrhc
bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 5 5 30. o"Z 2008 eÍ ægj E ls ^osæ ijh”k (A) (B) 7 14 eÍ cSBus ok¥s mEehnokjkÍ d`h la“;k 1 1 ml o"Z lHh ægjkÍ d`ks fe¥kd`j (C) (D) 7 14 ^osæ ijh”k eÍ cSBus ok¥s mEehnokjkÍ (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ d`h dq`¥ la“;k d`k fd`rus ^frær gS= ·næe¥o ds` ckn nks vad`kÍ rd` 34. ;fn pkj da`ps csrjrhc
2008

mEehnokjkÍ d`h la“;k

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 A

B

C

D

E

F

ægj 26.

o"Z 2008 eÍ ægj A vkSj ægj D ls ^osæ ijh”k eÍ cSBus ok¥s mEehnokjkÍ d`h la“;k d`k ∂`eæ# D;k vuqikr gS= (A) 11 : 12 (B) 13 : 11 (C) 12 : 11 (D) 11 : 13 (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

143 6 (B) 91 9 (C) 14 7 (D) 143 (E) bueÍ

(C) 20·31 (D) 14·49 (E) bueÍ ls

d`ksbZ ugÓ funsZæ%·^'u 31 ls 35 rd`‚ fuEuf¥f[r ^'ukÍ d`k m®j nsus ds` f¥, fuEuf¥f[r lwpuk d`ks ÷;ku ls ifÈ<,% ,d` d`¥æ eÍ 5 ¥k¥] 3 gjs] 2 uh¥s vkSj ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 4 ih¥s da`ps gß\ 31. ;fn nks da`ps csrjrhc
2 7 27 (C) 143 (E) bueÍ

1 14 1 (D) 28

(A)

4 91 61 (D) 91

(A)

(B)

ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

(B)

ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

funsZæ%·^'u 36 ls 40 rd`‚ bu ^'ukÍ d`k m®j nsus ds` f¥, fuEuf¥f[r lkj.h 27. o"Z 2007 eÍ lHh ægjkÍ ls fe¥kd`j d`ks ÷;ku ls ifÈ<,% ^osæ ijh”k eÍ cSBus ok¥s mEehnokjkÍ foxr o"ksÛ eÍ ,d` Ldw`¥ d`h ik∑p d`”kvkÍ ds` ijh”k eÍ cSBs (A) vkSj œs`¥ (F) gq, d`h ¥xHx vkSlr la“;k fd`ruh gS= Nk(kÍ d`h la“;k (A) 2800000 (B) 2901000 (C) 2755000 (D) 2795000 (E) 2917000 28.

o"Z 2008 eÍ ægj B ls ^osæ ijh”k eÍ cSBus ok¥s mEehnokjkÍ d`h la“;k mlh o"Z ægj C ls ^osæ ijh”k eÍ cSBus ok¥s mEehnokjkÍ d`h la“;k d`k ¥xHx fd`rus ^frær gS= (A) 75 (C) 124 (E) 97

(B) 112 (D) 133

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/975

d`”k,a VI

o"Z 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

VII

VIII

IX

X

A

F

A

F

A

F

A

F

A

F

68 65 75 79 63 72 60

12 19 06 12 10 15 05

67 70 62 76 87 66 60

09 11 13 10 14 04 07

75 63 69 67 82 74 77

11 08 07 13 12 15 05

84 69 70 81 64 70 71

07 05 06 05 16 07 06

78 79 65 74 63 82 75

09 12 17 08 12 04 06

36.

fn, x, o"ksÛ ds` f¥, d`”k VIII ls œs`¥ gq, Nk(kÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k fd`ruh gS=

(A) 77 (B) 83 (C) 68 (D) 71 (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 37. o"Z 2005 ds` f¥, ikl gq,

(A) 117 : 43 (B) 29 : 183 (C) 183 : 29 (D) 43 : 117 (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 42.

dq`¥ Nk(kÍ d`h la“;k d`k œs`¥ gq, Nk(kÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k ls D;k vuqikr gS=

(A) 139 : 24 (B) 329 : 48 (C) 90 : 11 (D) 325 : 42 (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 38.

47.

(A) 18 (C) 11 (E) 36

v÷;kiu O;olk; eÍ ¥ksxkÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k d`kuwu ds` O;olk; eÍ ¥ksxkÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k d`k fd`rus ^frær gS= (A) 87·5 (C) 68 (E) bueÍ ls

(B) 93 (D) 79·5

48.

d`ksbZ ugÓ 43. lHh O;olk;kÍ d`ks fe¥kd`j iq:"kÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k fd`ruh gS= (A) 11472 (C) 12348 (E) bueÍ ls

foxr o"ksÛ eÍ œs`¥ gq, Nk(kÍ d`h U;wure la“;k fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l d`”k eÍ gS`=

laLƒk A ls iq:"kÍ d`h la“;k lHh laLƒkvkÍ d`ks fe¥kd`j iq:"kÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k d`k ¥xHx fd`rus ^frær gS= (B) 28 (D) 31

lHh laLƒkvkÍ d`ks fe¥kd`j efg¥kvkÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k vkSj iq:"kÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k ds `chp fd`ruk vUrj gS= (A) 1500 (C) 1800 (E) bueÍ ls

(B) 1750 (D) 2050

d`ksbZ ugÓ 49. laLƒk C d`h efg¥kvkÍ d`h la“;k d`k laLƒk E d`h efg¥kvkÍ d`h la“;k ls ∂`eæ# fd`ruk vuqikr gS=

(B) 12784 (D) 12453

d`ksbZ ugÓ 44. bathfu;¯jx O;olk; eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`k (A) 14 : 17 ^cU|u O;olk; eÍ iq:"kÍ ls ^frær (B) 17 : 14 D;k gS= ·næe¥o ds` ckn nks vad`kÍ (C) 14 : 15 rd` iw.kÛfd`r‚ 39. o"Z 2007 eÍ lHh d`”kvkÍ d`ks fe¥kd`j (D) 15 : 14 (A) 71·71 (B) 96·43 ikl gq, Nk(kÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k fd`ruh (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ gS= (C) 83·16 (D) 68·54 50. laLƒk A o B d`ks fe¥kd`j iq:"kÍ d`h (A) 319 (B) 337 (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ dq`¥ la“;k] laLƒk C, D o E d`ks (C) 350 (D) 326 45. c߯d`x O;olk; eÍ iq:"kÍ d`h la“;k fe¥kd`j iq:"kÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k d`k (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ d`k bathfu;¯jx O;olk; eÍ iq:"kÍ d`h ¥xHx fd`rus ^frær gS= la“;k ls ∂`eæ# vuqikr fd`ruk gS= 40. lHh o"ksÛ eÍ fe¥kd`j d`”k IX eÍ ikl (A) 58 (B) 75 (A) 17 : 7 (B) 28 : 55 gq, Nk(kÍ d`k ijh”k eÍ cSBs Nk(kÍ ls (C) 69 (D) 83 (C) 7 : 11 (D) 63 : 52 dq`¥ ^frær fd`ruk gS= ·næe¥o ds` (E) 52 ckn nks vad`kÍ rd` iw.kÛfd`r‚ (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ (A) 75·95 (B) 81·36 funsZæ%·^'u 46 ls 50 rd`‚ uhps fn, x, ^'ukÍ d`k m®j nsus ds` f¥, bl xzkœ` (C) 79·53 (D) 86·94 d`ks ÷;ku ls ifÈ<,\ (E) 89·78 ik∑p fofHUu laLƒkvkÍ eÍ iq:`"kÍ vkSj efg¥kvkÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k iq:" efg¥k,a funsZæ%·^'u 41 ls 45 rd`‚ uhps fn, x, ^'ukÍ d`k m®j nsus ds` f¥, bl 5000 lkj.h d`ks ÷;ku ls ifÈ<,\ 4500 4000 fn, x, O;olk;kÍ eÍ d`k;ZjrΩ dq`¥ 3500 24500 O;fâ` vkSj mueÍ ls efg¥kvkÍ 3000 vkSj iq:`"kÍ d`k ^frær 2500 O;olk;

esfMd`¥ bathfu;¯jx d`kuwu v÷;kiu c߯d`x ^cU|u 41.

(B) VII (D) IX

O;fDr;kÍ d`h la“;k

(A) VI (C) VIII (E) X

O;fâ`;kÍ efg¥kvkÍ iq:` "kÍ d`k d`k d`k ^frær ^frær ^frær 11 18 24 21 16 10

60 30 45 80 35 44

40 70 55 20 65 56

esfMd`¥ vkSj v÷;kiu ds` O;olk; eÍ fe¥kd`j dq`¥ iq:"kÍ d`k mUgÓ O;olk;kÍ eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k ls ∂`eæ# D;k vuqikr gS=

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/976

2000 1500 1000 500 0 A

46.

B

lHh laLƒkvkÍ d`ks fe¥kd`j efg¥kvkÍ d`h vkSlr la“;k fd`ruh gS= (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

3800 3550 3300 3150

bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

C

laLƒk,a

D

E

m®j O;k“;k lfgr

æs" i~ÆB 951 d`k

●●●

æs" i~ÆB 966 d`k

●●●

æs" i~ÆB 838 d`k usik¥ ljd`kj eÍ mi^|kuea(h cuk;k x;k gS\ usik¥ eÍ ^|kuea(h ek|o dq`ekj usik¥ d`h ljd`kj eÍ og nwljh mi^|kuea(h gS\ ljd`kj eÍ ,d` mi^|kuea(h ·fot; dq`ekj xPNsnj‚ ig¥s gh fo»eku gß\

iks¥S≥M }kjk f¥Lcu lfU| d`k vuqeksnu iks¥S≥M us ;wjksih; la? d`h fnlEcj 2007 d`h ,sfrgkfld` f¥Lcu lfU| d`k vuqeksnu xr 10 vDVwcj d`ks d`j fn;k gS\ bl vuqeksnu ds` i'pkrΩ vc pSd` x.jkT; gh ,d`ek( ,slk nsæ jg x;k gS] ftlds` }kjk bl lfU| d`k vuqeksnu æs" gS\ lfU| ds` ^Hkoh gksus ds` f¥, la? ds` lHh 27 lnL;kÍ d`k vuqeksnu vko';d` gS\

Ôl] Hkjr o phu ds` fonsæ eaf(;kÍ d`h f(i”h; cSBd` Ôl] bf≥M;k o phu (Russian, India eaf(;kÍ d`h f(i”h; cSBd` Hkjr eÍ cax¥kSj eÍ xr 26 vDVwcj d`ks lEiUu gqbZ\ Hkjrh; fonsæ ea(h ,l\ ,e\ d~`Æ.k d`h estckuh eÍ lEiUu bl cSBd` eÍ Ôlh fonsæ ea(h lxhZ ¥kojkso (Sergei Lavrov) o phuh fonsæ ea(h ;kax thph (Yang Jiechi) us Hkx f¥;k\ bl volj ij Hkjr o phu ds` fonsæ eaf(;kÍ ds` chp f}i”h; okrkZ Hh lEiUu gqbZ\ ●●●

and China–RIC) ds` fonsæ

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/978

(Deer) d`ks tUe fn;k gS ftld`k uke j[k gS…… (A) C¥Sd`h (Blacky) (B) jksth (C) lœs`nh (D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 4. tSV_ksœ`k (Jatropha curcas) vƒkZrΩ jrutksr d`h [srh gsrq ubZ æL;rd`uhd` (Agro-technology) d`k fod`kl fd`l f¥, fd`;k tk jgk gS= (A) ck;ksMht¥ gsrq (B) œw`¥kÍ gsrq (C) pkjs gsrq (D) lkSUn;Z gsrq 5. CFTRI (Central Food Technological Research Institute), eSlwj

·d`ukZVd`‚ }kjk] vPNs [k» ,oa ^laLd`j. gsrq ¥glqu (garlic) ls ,d` ck;ks-vkWf¥;ksjsftUl (Biooleoresins) rS;kj fd`;k gS] ftld`h eq“; foæs"rk gS% (A) ≠`h ≠`kWe VkWfDld` lks¥osUV jsthMΩ;w (B) ,Utkbe fupksÈMus eÍ ennxkj (C) ¥glqu rs¥ (%) eÍ vPNh o~f* (D) mi;qZDr lHh

m®jek¥k ●●●

(i) pkjk C¥kWd` cukus ok¥s ,d`d`kÍ (units) d`h Lƒkiuk] (ii) ?kl fjtoZ lfgr pjkbZ Hwfe d`k fod`kl] (iii) pkjk cht mRiknu d`k;Z∂`e ,oa (iv) ck;ksVsDuks¥kWth fjlpZ ^kstsDV vkrs gß\ foxr pkj o"ksÛ eÍ Lo;a lgk;rk lewg (Self Help Groups—‘SHG’s)/ljd`kjh/ futh laxBukÍ d`ks pkjk ¥xkus gsrq bd`kb;kÍ d`ks 25% rd` ljd`kjh enn nh tkrh gS\ o"Z 2007-08 ds` nkSjku 4,425 dq`UV¥ pkjk-cht iSnk fd`;k x;k vkSj o"Z 20080 9 eÍ 3 8 9 · 7 1 ¥ k [ :i,% iatkc] fetksje ,oa e÷; ^nsæ jkT; ljd`kjkÍ d`ks 15900 dq`UV¥ pkjk cht mRiknu ds` f¥, ^nku fd`;s x;s] tcfd` Biotechnology Research Projects d`ks vkgkj ,oa pkjk ij vuqlU|ku 100% ds`Unzh; vuqnku ^nku d`jus d`h ;kstuk Hh gS] ¥sfd`u o"Z 2008-09 eÍ d`ksbZ |ujkfæ tkjh ugÓ d`h xbZ\ fd` th Lihd` ;k baVj,fDVo nLrkus D;k gß`= ☛ th Lihd` ds` }kjk gkƒ ds` bækjkÍ ls d`EI;wVj p¥kus d`h d`Yiuk lkd`kj Ôi ¥s ¥sxh\ bl ubZ rd`uhd` ds` mi;ksx ls d`EI;wVj ij d`ke d`jus d`k rjhd`k cn¥ tk,xk\ bleÍ ,d` gkƒ d`h txg nksukÍ gkƒkÍ d`k mi;ksx gksxk\ fd` Vid`u fl*kUr (Trickle Down Theory) D;k gS = ☛ fd`lh nsæ eÍ jkÆV_h; vk; d`h mPp fod`kl nj d`k ¥kH lekt ds` lcls fup¥s ik;nku ij cSBs ¥ksxkÍ rd` igq∑pkus d`k fl*kUr Vid`u fl*kUr d`g¥krk gS\ fd` g∑lh ls gekjh ukd` ¥k¥ D;kÍ gks tkrh gS = ☛ tc d`ksbZ O;fDr f[¥f[¥kd`j g∑lrk gS] rc mld`h ukd` vkSj eq∑g ds` vklikl d`k fgLlk ¥k¥ gks tkrk gS\ fczVsu ds` gVZœ`ksMZæk;j fo'ofo»k¥; ds` oSKkfud`kÍ us bl rF; ds` v÷;;u ds` f¥;s ,d` ijh”. fd`;k\ bl æks| n¥ us pqVdq`¥s lqud`j ;k ohfM;ks D¥h¯ix ns[d`j g∑lrs gq, ¥ksxkÍ ds` psgjs ds` v÷;;u ds` f¥;s ba≠`kjsM bestj d`k mi;ksx fd`;k\ bl mid`j. us psgjs ij cn¥us ok¥s rki d`ks ntZ fd`;k\ ijh”. ds` nwljs Hkx eÍ ^frHkfx;kÍ ls cukoVh g∑lh g∑lus d`ks d`gk x;k\ bl fLƒfr eÍ mud`h ukd` ¥k¥ ugÓ gqbZ\ bu nksukÍ ijh”.kÍ ls æks| n¥ us fuÆd`"Z fud`k¥k fd` ukd` ds` vklikl ds` fgLls d`k xeZ gksuk gekjh laosnukvkÍ ls tqÈMh voLƒkvkÍ d`ks nækZus ds` f¥;s ,d` lads`rd` d`k d`ke d`jrk gS\

fd` ∏usæu¥ ikWf¥lh œ`kWj œ`kjelZ] tk jgh gß] ftleÍ 2007”

fd` ^kbt d`ksVZ D;k gS = ☛ ^kbt d`ksVZ (Prize Court) ;k leqnzh ¥w V U;k;k¥; vUrjkZÆV_h; d`kuwu ds` vUrxZ r ;q*jr (belligerent) jkÆV_] jkÆV_h; U;k;k¥; ds` Ôi eÍ vius ”s( eÍ] fe(jkÆV_ ds` ”s( eÍ ;k vius lSfud` fu;fU(r ”s( eÍ Lƒkfir fd`;k tkrk gS\ bld`k d`k;Z vius taxh tgktkÍ }kjk [q¥s leqnz eÍ æ(q d`k tks ek¥ id`ÈMk tkrk gS mld`h oS|rk d`h tk∑p d`juk gS\ ;fn ^kbt d`ksVZ leqnzh ¥wV d`ks oS| ekurh gS rks og ¥wVus ok¥s jkT; d`h gks tkrh gS vkSj ;fn voS| ekurh gS rks id`ÈMk x;k ek¥ okil ;k mld`k eqvkotk mls ns fn;k tkrk gS\ ^kbt d`ksVZ ds` fu.Z; d`h d`gÓ Hh vih¥ ugÓ d`h tkrh] bld`k fu.Z; vfUre gksrk gS\ fd` gekjs æjhj ij xzg-u”(kÍ d`k ^Hko fd`l ^d`kj iÈMrk gS = ☛ gekjk æjhj cz©k≥M d`k gh ,d` vaæ gS\ ftu ik∑p rRokÍ ls ekuo d`k æjhj cuk gS] mUgÓ rRokÍ ls ouLifr;k∑] iæq-i”h] xzg u”(] rkjs vkfn lHh tÈM-psru cus gq, gß\ vUrfj” eÍ fLƒr vla“; lkSj e≥M¥] uhgkfjd`k;Í] rkjkeaM¥ ,oa vkd`kæxaxk;Í] gekjs æjhj d`h rjg] blh cz©k≥M ds` vaæ gß\ i~Foh ij ftruh ˜tkZ gS] og lw;Z ls gh ^kIr gqbZ gS\ gekjs æjhj eÍ ˜tkZ d`k tks ^okg gS] mld`k mnΩxe lw;Z gS\ lkal eÍ ge tks vkWDlhtu ¥srs gß] og Hh lw;Z d`h ˜tkZ ls gh curh gS\ lw;Z ls ˜tkZ ¥sd`j gh isÈM-ikS|s vkWDlhtu ,oa vius Hkstu d`k fuekZ. d`jrs gß\ bUgÓ ouLifr;kÍ ls geÍ Hkstu fe¥rk gS\ bl rjg gekjk vfLrRo lw;Z ds` d`kj. gh gS\ i~Foh] vU; xzg] lw;Z] rkjs] C¥Sd` gks¥ ,oa vU; vkd`kæh; fi≥MkÍ eÍ xq:Rokd`"Z. c¥ gS] ftlls euqÆ; d`k æjhj ^fr”. ^Hkfor gksrk jgrk gS\ cz©k≥M ds` lHh fi≥MkÍ ls vkus ok¥h jf'e;k∑ ·tSls U;wfV_ukÍ] œ`ksVksu] xzSfoVksu] …) gekjs æjhj ds` vkjikj fud`¥rh jgrh gß] dq`N æksf"r gksrh jgrh gß vkSj gekjs æjhj d`ks ^R;”r# ^Hkfor d`jrh jgrh gß\ bl rjg ge ns[rs gß fd` gekjs thou ij vkd`kæh; fi≥MkÍ d`k fujUrj ijks”-vijks” ^Hko iÈMrk jgrk gS\

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/979

D;k gS = bl uhfr ds` mˆs'; crkb, = ☛ ‘jkÆV_h; Î`f" uhfr] 2000’ (National Agriculture Policy, 2000) d`k mˆs'; Î`f" ,oa lEcfU|r ”s( eÍ 4% ls vf|d` okf"Zd` o~f* nj ^kIr d`jus gsrq j[k x;k] ftleÍ [k» ,oa iks". lqj”k ,oa iæqik¥u vkSj efRL;d`h ”s(kÍ ds` egRo d`ks ns[rs gq, foæs"d`j%|u ,oa jkstxkj l~ftr d`jus ij vf|d` tksj fn;k x;k\ dS`fcusV ds` fu.Z; ij ‘National Agriculture Policy, 2000’ d`ks gVkd`j u;h uhfr ‘National Policy for Farmers, 2007’ cukbZ gS] ftleÍ dq`N eq“; fcUnqvkÍ ij ÷;ku nsuk gS\ tSls%Î`"d`kÍ d`h vkfƒZd` næk lq|kjus] vis”kÎ`r mRiknu ij ,oa lkekftd`vkfƒZd` næk ij tksj fn;k tk jgk gS] foæs"d`j Î`"d` ds` fopkj ,oa d`k;Zæh¥rk ¥kus gsrq vkSj Î`"d` ifjokj d`h vkenuh cÈ
egRo d`ks crkb,\ ☛ iqjkuh Ld`he (IDDP—Integrated Dairy Development Programme) in No-operation Flood, Hilly & Backward Areas” d`ks 1993-94 eÍ 1 0 0 %

xzkUV-bu-,M ij æqÔ fd`;k x;k ƒk] ftls cn¥d`j ekpZ 2005 eÍ ubZ Ld`he “IDDP —Intensive Dairy Development Programme” d`j fn;k x;k gS] ftls igkÈMh

,oa fiNÈMs ”s(kÍ ds` lkƒ-lkƒ mu ft¥kÍ eÍ Hh ‘vkWijsæu Œ¥M’ ds` vUrxZr Ms;jh fod`kl xfrfof|;kÍ gsrq ^Hkoh gkÍxh] tgk∑ 50 ¥k[ :\ ls d`e |ujkfæ fe¥h ƒh\ bl ubZ Ld`he ds` mˆs'; gß%nqX| iæq fod`kl] rd`uhd`h lsok,a ^nku d`j nqX| mRiknu cÈ
●●●

^'u%laj”.okn d`h uhfr D;k gS = m®j

^'u%‘usV c߯d`x’ D;k gS = m®j

^'u%‘ICAR’ Council }kjk ^eq[ jkÆV_h; vuqla|ku ds`UnzkÍ (National Research Centres—NRCs) d`ks 1 v^S¥] 2009 ls funsæk¥;kÍ (Directorates) eÍ ifjofrZr (Reoriented) d`j fn;k gS\ os d`kSu-d`kSu ls NRCs gß = m®j

^'u%‘jkÆV_h; d~`f" fod`kl ;kstuk’ (National Agriculture Development Project) D;k gS =

m®j

^'u%uSuks rd`uhd` D;k gS = m®j

^'u%jktuhfr eÍ nf”.iaƒh fd`ls d`grs gß = m®j ^'u%‘jkÆV_h; d~`f" uohu ^orZu ifj;kstuk’ (NAIP—National Agriculture Innovative Project) D;k gS = m®j ^'u%‘jkÆV_h; d~`"d` uhfr] 2007’ ds` mˆs'; D;k gß = m®j

●●●

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/980

^'u%jkT; lHk d`k lnL; d`kSu ,oa dS`ls cu ld`rk gS = % veu [ku xkSjh] tk¥kSu ·m\ ^\‚

m®j

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m®j

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m®j

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^'u%fo'o eÍ nsækÍ d`h la“;k fd`ruh gS vkSj fd`rus nsæ la;qDr jkÆV_ la? ds` lnL; gß =

% ^hrh lks¥ad`h] t;iqj ·jktLƒku‚

% m"kjatu dq`ekj] jkexÈ< · rel="nofollow">kj[≥M‚

m®j

m®j

^'u%orZeku vkfƒZd` egkeUnh d`k D;k d`kj. gS = % MkW\ d`ej v¥h ·eqtŒœ`jiqj‚

m®j

^'u%jkÆV_e≥M¥ [s¥ D;k gS = % jeu ^hr d`kSj je.h] guqekuxÈ< ·jktLƒku‚

m®j ^'u%fo'o d`k uohure LorU( jkÆV_ d`kSulk gS = % je.h d`kSj] jkorlj ·jktLƒku‚

m®j ●●●

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/981

^ƒe iqjLÎ`r leh”k

okn-fookn ^fr;ksfxrk fo"; # jkT;kÍ d`ks vkSj vf|d` Lok;®rk nsus ls jkÆV_h; ,d`rk [rjs eÍ iÈM tk,xh\ i” eÍ % jkgq¥ ¥k¥ jkT;kÍ d`h Lok;®rk d`k ^'u ds`UnzjkT; lEcU|kÍ eÍ ,d` egRoiw.Z ^'u cu pqd`k gS\ Hkjrh; lafo|ku us la? d`h bd`kb;kÍ ds` Ôi eÍ jkT;kÍ d`ks i;kZIr Lok;®rk nh gS\ ,sls eÍ jkT;kÍ d`h vkSj vf|d` Lok;®rk d`h fujUrj cÈk tk ld`rk gS\ blh ^d`kj vle ds` fetks fg¥ ft¥s ds` ¥ksxkÍ us u ds`o¥ vle cfYd` Hkjr ls Hh v¥x ,d` Lora( nsæ d`h ek∑x d`h] vkUnks¥u p¥k rƒk var eÍ ‘fetksje’ uke ls ds`Unzækflr ^nsæ cuk tks ckn eÍ iw.Z jkT; cuk\ vle eÍ ukxk tkfr us Hh Hkjrh; la? ls v¥x gksus d`k vkUnks¥u NsÈMk] ftleÍ fonsæh æfDr;k∑ Hh lf∂`; ƒÓ\ varr# uxk¥S≥M d`ks Hh v¥x jkT; cukuk iÈMk\ jkT; Lok;®rk ds` leƒZd`kÍ d`k vkjksi gS fd` vk; ds` lalk|ukÍ ds` forj. eÍ jkT;kÍ ds` lkƒ i”ikr fd`;k x;k gS\ ds`Unz ds` ikl fuxe d`j] fu;kZr d`j rƒk vkcd`kjh d`j tSls egRoiw.Z lalk|u gß\ 80oÍ rƒk 88oÍ lafo|ku laæks|u ds` ckn fLƒfr cn¥ xbZ gS\ 80oÍ laæks|u ds` ckn la? vkSj jkT; ds` chp jktLo forj. eÍ ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/982

vHwriwoZ ifjorZu vk;k\ bl laæks|u ds` vuqlkj vuqPNsn 271 vƒkZr mid`j ;k ljpktZ d`ks NksÈMd`j la? lwph eÍ fufnZÆV lHh d`j vkSj æqYd`kÍ d`k foHktu la? vkSj jkT;kÍ ds` chp gksxk rƒk vuqPNsn 272 d`ks gVk fn;k x;k gS\ œ`¥r# lhek æqYd` vkSj fuxe d`j vkfn Hh foHkT; gks x,\ ig¥s os ds`o¥ la? ds` [krs eÍ tkrs ƒs\ blh ^d`kj 2003 ds` 88oÍ laæks|u ds` ckn vuqPNsn 268A ds` vUrxZr ‘lsok d`j’ d`h O;oLƒk d`h xbZ\ ‘lsok d`j’ la? }kjk ¥xk;k tk,xk] ¥sfd`u bld`h olw¥h ,oa ^;ksx d`h æfDr la? ,oa jkT; nksukÍ d`ks gksxh\ bl ^d`kj vc vkfƒZd` n~fÆV ls jkT; lEiUu ,oa vkRefuHZj gks pqds` gß\ 1989 ds` ckn Hkjr eÍ vYierh; vkSj xBca|u ljd`kjkÍ d`k ;qx ^kjEH gks x;k\ œ`¥r# ds`Unzh; l®k eÍ jkT;kÍ ds` ”s(h; n¥ Hh Hkxhnkj cu x,\ ifj.keLoÔi ;kstuk vk;ksx ,oa jkÆV_h; fod`kl ifj"nΩ Hh vc jkT;kÍ ds` vuqdw`¥ ;kstukvkÍ d`k fuekZ. d`jus ¥xs] ftuds` ˜ij ig¥s vkfƒZd` fu;kstu ds` ds`Unzh;d`j. d`k vkjksi ¥xrk ƒk\ jkÆV_h; fod`kl ifj"nΩ eÍ eq“;eaf(;kÍ d`h Hwfed`k Hh vc d`kœ`h ^Hkoæk¥h gks xbZ\ vr# ;g d`guk Hh mfpr ugÓ ^rhr gksrk gS fd` vkfƒZd` fu;kstu ls Hkjr eÍ la? O;oLƒk lekIr gks xbZ gS rƒk jkT;kÍ d`ks vR;f|d` Lok;®rk d`h vko';d`rk gS\ jkT;kÍ d`k vkjksi gS fd` ds`Unz fo® vk;ksx d`h flœ`kfjækÍ d`ks xEHhjrkiwoZd` ugÓ ¥srk gS] ijUrq 8 oÍ fo® vk;ksx ds` eke¥s d`ks NksÈM nÍ] rks ^k;# ds`Unz bud`h flœ`kfjækÍ ds` ^fr d`kœ`h xEHhj jgk gS\ mnkgj.r# 80ok∑ lafo|ku laæks|u 10oÍ fo® vk;ksx d`h flœ`kfjækÍ ij gh vk|kfjr gS\ Hkjr eÍ ew¥r# lg;ksxh la?okn gS\ ;gh d`kj. gS fd` Hkjr eÍ la?kRed` O;oLƒk lqn~È< ikjLifjd`rk] vkilh fopkj fofue; rƒk nksukÍ Lrj d`h ljd`kjkÍ eÍ ijLij lg;ksx d`k loZJsÆB mnkgj. ^Lrqr d`jrh gS\ bl ^d`kj d`h O;oLƒk eÍ ds`Unzh; ljd`kj æfDræk¥h gksrh gS ij jkT; ljd`kjÍ vius-vius ”s( eÍ d`etksj ugÓ gksrh gß\ ,sls eÍ jkT;kÍ d`ks vkSj vf|d` Lok;®rk d`h vko';d`rk fcYdq`¥ ugÓ gS\

jkT;kÍ d`ks jkT; lwph ds` fo";kÍ ij rks d`k;Zikf¥d`k æfDr ^kIr gS gh] lkƒ gh leorhZ fo"; ds` lEcU| eÍ Hh d`k;Zikf¥d`k æfDr jkT;kÍ ds` ikl gS] ds`o¥ nks vioknkÍ d`ks NksÈMd`j\ ikW¥ ,fi¥ch us Hh d`gk gS fd` ∏Hkjr eÍ ns[us eÍ rks ds`Unz vf|d` æfDræk¥h fn[kbZ nsrk gS] ijUrq jkT;kÍ d`h æfDr;k∑ Hh d`e ugÓ gß\ ;fn jkT; ;g fuf'pr d`j ¥Í fd` mUgÍ ds`Unz d`h uhfr;kÍ d`k d`k;kZUo;u ugÓ gksus nsuk gS] rks ds`Unz d`ks Hh d`kœ`h d`fBukb;kÍ d`k lkeuk d`juk iÈM ld`rk gS\π jkT; Lok;®rk ds` leƒZd` d`grs gß fd` jkT;kÍ d`ks Hkjr eÍ ds ` o¥ uxjikf¥d`kvkÍ ds` Lrj d`h Lok;®rk nh xbZ gS\ Kkr gks jkT;kÍ d`h ljd`kjÍ ds`Unz }kjk l~ftr ugÓ gß] vfirq jkT;kÍ d`ks lHh æfDr;k∑ Hkjrh; lafo|ku ls ^kIr gß\ lafo|ku d`h 7 oÓ vuqlwph eÍ laæks|u d`jus ds` f¥, d`e-ls-d`e vk|s jkT;kÍ ds` fo|kue≥M¥kÍ d`h LohÎ`fr vko';d` gS\ bld`k vfH^k; gS fd` ds`Unzh; ljd`kj æfDr;kÍ ds` c∑Vokjs d`ks euekus rjhds` ls ifjofrZr ugÓ d`j ld`rh gS\ ;g Bhd` gS fd` jkÆV_ifr d`h vkikr mnΩ?ks".k ds` ckn lafo|ku d`k la?kRed` Ôi ,d`kRed` gks tk,xk] fœ`j Hh bls nks ekg ds` Hhrj laln ds` leƒZu d`h vko';d`rk gS] vU;ƒk ;g ?ks".k lekIr gks tk,xh\ ;gh fLƒfr vuqPNsn 356 ds ` lanHZ eÍ Hh gS\ vr# bu lad`Vd`k¥hu ^ko|kukÍ d`k ^;ksx jkÆV_ifr laln d`h bPNk ds` fcuk nks ekg ls vf|d` vof| ds` f¥, ugÓ d`j ld`rk\ ljd`kfj;k vk;ksx] lafo|ku leh”k vk;ksx rƒk cksEcbZ ds`l eÍ lq^he d`ksVZ }kjk fn, x, funsZækÍ ds` vuqik¥u ls buds` nq:i;ksx ls Hh cpk tk ld`rk gS\ blls LiÆV gS fd` Hkjrh; jkT;kÍ d`h rq¥uk uxjikf¥d`kvkÍ ls d`nkfi ugÓ d`h tk ld`rh gS\ ds`Unz }kjk jkT;kÍ ij vlaoS|kfud` fu;a(. ij vadq`æ ¥xkus rƒk la?h; o jkT; ljd`kjkÍ ;k jkT;kÍ eÍ vkilh fooknkÍ d`ks lekIr d`jus ds` f¥, Hkjr eÍ ,d` Lora( ,oa fuÆi” U;k;ikf¥d`k Hh gS\ blds` lkƒ gh Hkjrh; laln f}lnukRed` gS\ Hkjrh; laln d`k mPp lnu jkT; lHk jkT;kÍ d`k gh ^frfuf|Ro laln eÍ d`jrh gS\ vƒkZrΩ lafo|ku eÍ jkT;kÍ d`ks i;kZIr Lok;®rk ^nku d`h xbZ gS\ jkT;kÍ d`ks vf|d` Lok;®rk nsus ls jkT;kÍ d`h leLr æfDr;k∑ eq“;eaf(;kÍ eÍ ds`fUnzr gks tk,axh\ æfDr d`k ;g ds`Unzh;d`j. rkukækgh ^o~f®;kÍ d`ks cÈ
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fuÆd`"Z 1 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks phu }kjk 60oÓ o"Zxk∑B ij æfDr ^næZu] mlds` iwoZ d`bZ ckj phu }kjk Hkjrh; lhek d`k vfr∂`e. ,oa phuh fFkad` Vßd` }kjk Hkjr d`ks 30 ls vf|d` HkxkÍ eÍ ck∑Vus d`h j.uhfr] ikfd`Lrku ^k;ksftr lhek ikj vkrad`okn bR;kfn pqukSfr;kÍ ls fuiVus ds` f¥, lqn~È< la? vifjgk;Z gS\ dq`¥ fe¥kd`j nsæ d`h lqn~È jgk gS\ bl fLƒfr eÍ

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/983

jkT;kÍ d`ks vkSj vf|d` Lok;®rk nsuk o ipkl jkT;kÍ eÍ foHkftr gS vkSj ^R;sd` vuqfpr gh ugÓ] vfirq jkÆV_h; ,d`rk ,oa jkT; d`k viuk v¥x lafo|ku rƒk viuh v[aMrk d`ks [rjs eÍ Mk¥uk gS\ v¥x U;k; O;oLƒk gS\ ;s mu lHh eke¥kÍ d`k fuiVkjk Lo;a d`jrs gß tks la? ds` f¥, foi” eÍ % xtsUnz ¯lg ‘e|qlwnu’ lqjf”r ugÓ gS\ ;kfu vejhd`h ifjla? ,d` Lok;®rk mRƒku d`h »ksrd` gS] ^d`kj ls jkT;kÍ ds` d`jkj d`k ifj.ke gS D;kÍfd` le~f* ds` lkjs l~tu Lok;®rk ij ftlds` d`kj. bu jkT;kÍ us viuk rhoz fuHZj gß\ blds` ^Hko ls jkT; Lo;a vk|kj- fod`kl fd`;k gS vkSj v¥xko u rks d`Hh ew¥d` vko';d`rkvkÍ d`h iwfrZ ds` ^;kl bud`h leL;k cuh gS vkSj u gh mUeq[ d`jrs gß ftlls muds` lalk|ukÍ o mRiknu gqvk gS] tcfd` Hkjrh; ifjla? eÍ jkT;kÍ ”erk d`k Hjiwj mi;ksx gksrk gS\ iw∑th ds` leku vf|d`kj tSlk d`ksbZ fl*kUr gh fuekZ. d`h nj vkSj rd`uhd`h ^xfr o ugÓ gS\ ;gk∑ d`k lafo|ku ^kjEH ls gh jkstxkj ds` volj cÈk vkSj u gh gksrk gS\ vfrfjDr fod`kl rks nwj og vius lq¥>kus eÍ [kl fn¥pLih fn[kbZ gS\ oS|kfud` fo";kÍ d`k gh mEnk d`k;kZUo;u blhf¥, fofHUu jkT;kÍ eÍ Hkjh fo"erk,a ugÓ d`j ik jgs gß] D;kÍfd` ;gk∑ d`h ^kÎ`frd` vkSj ”s(h; vlUrq¥u iSnk gks x, gß\ vusd`rk viuk v¥x-v¥x fod`kl ek∑xrh ¯¥xkuqikr eÍ cÈkj[≥M eÍ ifjfLƒfr;k∑ T;kÍ-d`h-R;kÍ O;kid`rk ¥kfteh gS] ¥sfd`u mlds` vuqÔi cngk¥ cuh gqbZ gß\ mUgÍ Lok;®rk d`Hh ugÓ fe¥h gS\ ds`Unz o jkT;kÍ eÍ fHUu n¥kÍ d`h rq¥ukRed` Ôi ls Hh vejhd`h la? ljd`kjÍ gksus ls ijLij }s" o fonzksg d`h okn d`k ”s(œ`¥ Hkjr ls rhu xquk vf|d` ^o~f® ls Hh ladq`fpr vkSj v¥xkooknh

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Î`f" ;ksX; Hwfe d`ks gkfu gqbZ] ogÓ vR;f|d` vƒkZrΩ gs ifo( d`jus ok¥h Hwfe ø eß tula“;k ?uRo ds` d`kj.] okrkoj. rsjs ≤n; d`ks vk?kr u igq∑pk˜ vƒkZrΩ ^nwf"r gksus ds` d`kj. vusd` chekfj;kÍ d`k rqEgkjk vR;f|d` nksgu u d`Ô∑ vkSj rqe Hh tUe gqvk\ ij d`pjk o tgjh¥s inkƒZ u Mk¥w∑\ ·?‚ vkS»ksxhd`j. ds` i;kZoj.h; fu#lUnsg ;g osn okD; Hwfe ^nw". d`ks u gksus nsus rƒk mls jksd`us d`k lansæ ns jgk ^Hko gS\ vkS»ksfxd` ∂`kafr rƒk oSKkfud` fod`kl orZeku fLƒfr d`ks ns[rs gq, ;g ds` œ`¥LoÔi vkS»ksfxd` fod`kl d`h xfr vuq e ku fd`;k tk jgk gS fd` luΩ 2015 eÍ vR;Ur rhoz gqbZ gS\ m»ksxkÍ d`ks Lƒkfir Hkjr nsæ eÍ ¥xHx 1 vjc 22 d`jksÈM d`jus ds` f¥, vko';d` ?Vd` rRokÍ d`ks L(h-iq : " vius thou ds` f¥, la?"Z d`j tqVkuk rƒk fofHUu ^f∂`;kvkÍ }kjk muls jgs gkÍ x s \ buds` lkƒ gh ¥xHx 60 d`jksÈM bfPNr lkexzh iSnk d`juh iÈMrh gS\ bu iæq v kÍ d`h O;oLƒk d`jus d`k Hkj Hh Hwfe vfuok;Z rRokÍ eÍ i;kZoj. ls gh fofHUu ij gks x k\ rc mud`h ew¥Hwr vko';d`rkvkÍ ^d`kj d`h d`Pph lkexzh ·fe±h d`k mi;ksx d`ks iw . Z d`jus ds` f¥, ¥xHx 27 d`jksÈM d`jds` vusd` Î`f" inkƒZ] d`ikl] twV] Vu [k»kUu] 108 d`jksÈM Vu gjs pkjs vkSj jsæe vkfn ou d`kVd`j ¥d`ÈMh] ck∑l] ?kl 23 d`jks È M ?u ehVj bÛ|uh ¥d`ÈMh d`h vkfn] [ku [ksnd`j [fut] xSl] ¥ksgk] vko';d`rk gks x h\ ekS t w n k mRiknu d`ks ns[Í ckWDlkbV] rk∑ck] d`ks;¥k vkfn d`k nksgu] rks gekjs lkeus ek( 12 o"ksÛ eÍ [k»kUukÍ vko';d` ˜tkZ Aksr] tSls d`ks;¥k] isV_ks¥] d`k mRiknu ¥xHx 7 d`jks ÈM Vu] gjs pkjs t¥fo»qrΩ] v.q ˜tkZ vkfn d`h mi¥fC|‚ d`k mRiknu 56 d`jks È M Vu vkSj bÛ|uh bu lcd`ks ,d`( d`jus gsrq fofo| ^d`kj ¥d`È M h d`h mi¥C|rk 20 d`jks È M ?u ehVj ds` ifjogu lk|u ,oa mid`j. rƒk cÈ < kus d`h fod`V pq u kS r h gS \ bl vfuok;Z lokZf|d` egRoiw.Z t¥ ^kIr d`juk iÈMrk vko';d`rk d`ks iw . Z d`jus ds ` jkLrs eÍ d`bZ gS vkSj ^R;sd` d`ne ij i;kZoj. d`ks ck|k,a fn[kbZ ns jgh gß \ Hw f e d`h ^Hkfor fd`, fcuk d`ksbZ Hh vkS»ksfxd` mRiknd`rk ¥xkrkj fxjrh tk jgh gS] mRiknu lEHo ugÓ gS\ vkS»ksfxd` ^f∂`;k,a mitk˜ Î`f" Hw f e d`k ”s ( ¥xkrkj ?Vrk vfuok;Zr;k HkSfrd` inkƒksÛ ds` uSlfxZd` ^okg d`ks ifjofrZr d`jrh gß vkSj ;gh tk jgk gS\ ;gh d`kj. gS fd` fiN¥s ,d` ^nw". d`k tud` gS\ vkS»ksfxd` ^f∂`;k,a næd` ls nsæ ds dq`¥ [k»kUu mRiknu eÍ inkƒksÛ ds` HkSfrd` ,oa jklk;fud` la?Vu ,d` Bgjko-lk eglwl fd`;k tk jgk gS\ d`ks Hh ifjofrZr d`jrh gß rƒk i;kZoj. eÍ uxjhd`j. ds `ifj.keLoÔi oukÍ d`k d`Vko vkSj blds` ifj.keLoÔi Î`f" ;ksX; u, rRokÍ d`ks lekosfær d`j nsrh gß\ vkt ds` ;qx eÍ 5 gtkj fofHUu Hwfe d`k ”j. vkfn ,slh vusd` leL;k,a jklk;fud` rRokÍ d`k mRiknu gkss jgk gS\ mRiUu gks jgh gß ftud`k lEcU| i;kZoj. bueÍ ls d`bZ tSls gkW¥kstsusVsM jlk;u] ds` bl i” ls gS\ tgjh¥s dß ` lj ds ` tud` gß \ vus d ` ·[‚ ok;q ^nw". jklk;fud` rRokÍ d`k i;kZoj. ls vfHf∂`;k gksus ij v^R;” ijUrq [rjukd` ^Hko πvksmeΩ okrΩ vk okrΩ Hs"ta æqHks H;ks ‰ iÈMrk gS] tSls vtSo ikjk dq`N cSDVhfj;kÍ Hquks ≤ns ^k. vk;wf" rkfjirΩ ds` lEidZ` eÍ vkd`j`tSo LoÔi |kj. d`j ·)`Xosn 10/186/1‚ ¥srk gS\ rRi'pkrΩ ;g t¥h; Hkstu vƒkZ r Ω ok;q geÍ ,s l k vkS"| ^nku d`js Δk~a[¥k eÍ lads`fUnzr gks tkrk gS\ ‘feuhekrk’ tks gekjs ≤n; ds ` f¥, ækfUrd`kjd` vkSj nq?ZVuk blh ^f∂`;k d`k ^frœ`¥ ƒk\ la”si vkjks X ;d`kjd` gks rƒk gekjh vk;q d`ks eÍ] fo»eku vkS»ksfxd` d`k;Zd`k¥ fofHUu cÈ < k,] geÍ ^nw " .;q D r ok;q u ^kIr gks\ HkSfrd` inkƒksÛ ds` uSlfxZd` ^okg d`ks ekuo us viuh mRif® ls ¥sd`j vkt ifjofrZr d`jds` rƒk i;kZoj. eÍ u, jlk;ukÍ d`k lekosæ d`jds` okrkoj. d`ks rd` d`h mÈMku eÍ fod`kl vkSj le~f* ds` tgjh¥k cuk jgs gß\ tgjh¥s i;kZoj. ds` vusd` lksiku pÈ<s-mrjs gß\ thfor jgus ls lEidZ` eÍ vkus ls euqÆ; ,oa tho H;ad`j ¥sd`j ækjhfjd`-ckSf*d` fod`kl d`jus rd`] chekjh ds` fæd`kj vƒok d`k¥ d`of¥r tax¥kÍ eÍ jgus ls ¥sd`j okrkuqdw`f¥r d`”kÍ eÍ jgus rd` ;k iSn¥ p¥us ls ¥sd`j gksrs tk jgs gß\ ok;q;ku rd` ds` lœ`j d`h ^f∂`;k eÍ ekuo i;kZoj. ^nw". ds` fofo| i” us i;kZoj. ds` lHh ?Vd`kÍ d`ks Hkjh ”fr ·d`‚ Hwfe ^nw". igq∑pkbZ gS\ ¥xHx 5000 o"Z iwoZ tc πeka rs eeZ foHXofj eka rs ekuo us loZ^ƒe vkx t¥kuk lh[k ƒk] rc mlh fnu ls ok;q ^nw". ^kjEH gks ≤n;efiZieΩπ ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/988

x;k ƒk\ d`k¥kUrj eÍ ;g leL;k cÈ>d` okgukÍ] d`kj[kukÍ rƒk flxjsV vkfn inkƒksÛ ds` |q,a d`ks ok;qe≥M¥ eÍ NksÈMd`j ok;q d`ks ^nw f "r d`jrs jgs \ blh ^d`kj vU; tgjh¥h xSlkÍ d`k Hh ok;q eÍ mRltZu d`jrs gq, ekuo d`ks d`ksbZ lad`ksp ugÓ gqvk\

·x‚ t¥ ^nw". æa uks nsohjfHÆV; vkiks Hoarq ihr;s‰ æa;ksfjfH lzoUrq u#‰ ·fnO; xq.kÍ ls lEiUu t¥ geÍ lHh vksj lq[d`kjh gks rƒk iw.Z ækfUr ^nku d`js\‚ ‘^d~`fr’ ekuo thou d`k vfHUu vax gS\ bl mfDr d`ks Hwr] orZeku rƒk HfoÆ; rhukÍ gh d`k¥kÍ ds` ifj^s{; eÍ ud`kjk ugÓ tk ld`rk\ ^kphu d`k¥ eÍ ekuo ^d~`fr d`h lEink d`k lnqi;ksx vius thou eÍ d`jrk ƒk\ ,d` vksj og ^d~`fr d`h lqjE; xksn eÍ fopj. d`jrk] æq* t¥] ok;q vkfn d`k lsou d`jrk rƒk xq:dq`¥kÍ o vkJekÍ eÍ Kku d`k vknku-^nku d`jrk ƒk] rks nwljh vksj d`Unew¥ œ`¥kÍ d`k lsou d`j viuh fu;fer fnup;kZ O;rhr d`jrk ƒk\ mld`k thou la;e o vuqæklu ls ifjiwfjr gksrk ƒk\ æuS#-æuS# vk|qfud` oSKkfud` rƒk ^frLi|kZ ds` ;qx eÍ ekuo thou eÍ ifjorZu vk;k\ tula“;k o~f* ds` lkƒ-lkƒ Kku ds` fofo| ”s(kÍ eÍ Hh rhozxfr ls fod`kl gqvk\ cÈ
oSfnd` )`f";kÍ ds` t¥ ds` ^fr d`h xbZ ;g d`keuk dS`ls lœ`¥ gks ld`rh gS tc Lo;a ekuo vius t¥ lzksrkÍ ds` ^fr bruk d~`r¿u gks x;k gS fd` ekrk ds` leku ifo( le>h tkus ok¥h xaxk] ;equk bR;kfn ufn;kÍ eÍ u ds`o¥ d`kj[kukÍ d`k d`pÈMk œÍ`d`k tkrk gS] vfirq æokÍ d`ks ^okfgr d`jus eÍ Hh d`ksbZ lad`ksp ugÓ fd`;k tkrk\ nwljh vksj xans uk¥kÍ d`ks Hh bUgÓ ufn;kÍ eÍ ^okfgr fd`;k tk jgk gS\

÷ofu ^nw". fu#æCnrk] uhjork eu o ^k.kÍ d`ks vnΩHqr ækfUr ^nku d`jrh gS] vkuUn nsrh gS\ vaxzsth eÍ bls ‘fiuM_kWi lkb¥Íl’ vƒok ‘gh;¯jx n xzkl xzks’ d`grs gß\ ^kd~`frd` g¥p¥ o ^kf.;kÍ ds` f∂`;kd`¥kikÍ ls ok;qe≥M¥ ij ncko iÈMrk gS vkSj ok;q rjaxÍ mRiUu gksrh gß\ ftlls vkokt mRiUu gksrh gS] bls gh ÷ofu d`grs gß\ ÷ofu d`kukÍ }kjk xzg. d`h xbZ rƒk efLrÆd` rd` igq∑pkbZ xbZ ,d` laosnuk gS\

÷ofu ^nw". ds` lzksr lkekU;r# ÷ofu ^nw". ds` lzksrkÍ d`ks nks HkxkÍ eÍ foHDr fd`;k tkrk gS% ·v‚ ^kd~`frd` lzksr vkSj ·c‚ d~`f(e lzksr ·v‚ ^kd~`frd` lzksr%æksj ds` ^kd~`frd lzksrkÍ ds` vUrxZr ckn¥kÍ d`h xÈMxÈMkgV] fct¥h d`h d`ÈMd`] rwœ`kuh gok,a] ˜∑ps igkÈMkÍ ls fxjrs ikuh d`h vkokt] Hwd`Ei vkSj Tok¥keqf[;kÍ ds` œ`Vus ls mRiUu Hh". d`ks¥kg¥ rƒk oU;thokÍ d`h vkoktÍ lfEef¥r d`h tk ld`rh gß\ ^kd~`frd` lzksrkÍ ls mRiUu æksj ^k;# vLƒk;h rƒk ;nkd`nk gksrk gS] vr# bld`k ^Hko Hh vLƒk;h gksrk gS\ ·c‚ d~`f(e lzksr%vkS»ksxhd`j. rƒk uxjhd`j. ds` lkƒ-lkƒ lq[-lqfo|kvkÍ ds` vusd` lk|u gekjs i;kZoj. eÍ æksj o~f* ds` ^eq[ d`kj. gß] ftueÍ ls dq`N ^eq[ d`kj. fuEuf¥f[r gß% (1) m»ksx-|U|s rƒk eæhuÍ] (2) Lƒ¥ vkS j ok;q ifjogu ds ` lk|u] (3) euksjatu ds` lk|u rƒk lkekftd` f∂`;k-d`¥ki\ vk|qfud` le; eÍ mRlokÍ d`k fod~`r LoÔi cu jgk gS\ mleÍ vR;f|d` æksjxq¥ d`ks lkekftd` ^frÆBk ls tksÈMd`j ns[k tk jgk gS\ nwljh vksj lÈMd`kÍ ij okgukÍ ls gksus ok¥h ÷ofu lEiw.Z okrkoj. d`ks vkdq`¥ d`j jgh gS\ bl ^d`kj ÷ofu ^nw". ds` ifj.keLoÔi u ds`o¥ ekuo ^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/ 2009/989

d`h Jo. æfDr ^Hkfor gks jgh gS] vfirq 1972 bZ\ eÍ ‘LVkWd`gkse’ eÍ la;qDr ækfUr Hax gksus ls rjg-rjg d`k ruko Hh jkÆV_ ds` rRoko|ku eÍ i;kZoj. ij fo'o cÈ< jgk gS\ lEes¥u vk;ksftr gqvk ftleÍ i;kZoj. lad`V ds` fofHUu i”kÍ ,oa d`kj.kÍ ij fopkjvkstksu ijr d`h ”fr foeæZ gqvk\ 1992 eÍ ‘fj;ks’ eÍ vk;ksftr vkstksu lerki e≥M¥ eÍ ,d` ”h. i~Foh fæ[j lEes¥u eÍ 21oÓ ærkCnh eÍ ijUrq vR;Ur ^Hkoh rRo gS\ 35 fd`¥ks d`k;kZUo;u gsrq ,tsUMk 21 ikfjr gqvk ftleÍ ehVj ds` ˜÷oZ foLrkj eÍ œS`¥h lEiw.Z i;kZoj. laxr fod`kl d`h foLr~r Ôijs[k vkstksu d`ks ,d`( fd`;k tk, vkSj i~Foh ds` r; d`h xbZ\ blh chp vusd` LoSfPNd` pkjkÍ vksj bld`k ?sjk cuk fn;k tk, rks laLƒkvkÍ d`k ^knqHkZo gqvk ftUgkÍus gj ,sls bld`h eksVkbZ ek( 3 feeh gksxh\ lerki vkfƒZd`%lkefjd` d`k;Z d`k gj ^d`kj d`k e≥M¥ eÍ vkstksu d`k lads`Unz. loZ( fojks| d`juk ^kjEH fd`;k ftlls i;kZoj. leku ugÓ fe¥rk] ijUrq d`gÓ Hh bld`k d`ks fd`lh Hh ^d`kj d`h ”fr gksus d`h lads`Unz. ok;qe≥M¥ eÍ fo»eku lHh lEHkouk gks\ bueÍ fo'o Lrj ij lf∂`; v.qvkÍ ds` 1 ¥k[oÍ vaæ ls vf|d` ugÓ ‘xzhu ihl’ lokZf|d` ^fl* ,oa lf∂`; gS\ fe¥rk\ rƒkfi ;g vR;Ur foj¥ xSl i~Foh ds` f¥, vfr egRoiw.Z d`op gS\ ;fn ;g milagkj d`op u gksrk rks i~Foh ij æk;n gh thou fu#lansg geÍ oSKkfud` le~f* ds` ¥kH d`k vfLrRo gksrk\ Hh pkfg,] fd`Urq vius ?j vƒkZrΩ lEiw.Z Hw-e≥M¥ d`h lqj”k mlls Hh vR;f|d` vkstksu ijr d`h ”fr ds` d`kjd` egRoiw.Z ^'u gS\ lqfo|kvkÍ d`h va|h nkSÈM (1) vf|d` ˜∑pkbZ ij mÈMus ok¥s eÍ ge ;g Hw¥ jgs gß fd` ge ftl isÈM d`h ok;q;ku æk[k ij cSBs gß mlh isÈM d`ks d`kV Hh jgs (2) ijek.q cekÍ ds` foLœ`ksV gß\ geÍ ;g Hh ÷;ku j[uk pkfg, fd` fefæxu VsDuks¥kWftd`¥ fo'ofo»k¥; ∏foKku ,d` vPNk lsod` gks ld`rk gS ds ` æks | d`rkZ v kÍ ds ` vuq l kj ^fro"Z fd`Urq Lokeh cuus ij og ?krd` fl* gks Tok¥keq[h foLœ`ksVkÍ ls 1·1 d`jksÈM Vu ld`rk gS\π (“Science is a good servant gkbM_kstu D¥ksjkbM rƒk 60 ¥k[ Vu but a bad master”) oSKkfud` fod`kl d`h gkbM_kstu Œ¥ksjkbM ok;qe≥M¥ eÍ igq∑prk pqukSfr;kÍ d`ks ge ukfHd`h; ^nw".] Bksl gS tks vkstksu ”j. d`k ^eq[ d`kj. gS\ vifæÆV ^nw".] gfjr xzg ^Hko] oSf'od` vkstksu ijr ds` ”j. d`k ,d` egRoiw.Z rki o~f*] vkstksu ijr d`k ”j. vkfn d`kj. D¥ksjksŒ¥ksjks d`kcZu uked` jklk;fud` fofHUu ÔikÍ eÍ LiÆV vuqHo d`j jgs gß\ ;kSfxd` d`k lerki e≥M¥ eÍ ^osæ gS\ ;s ;fn ge pkgrs gß fd` ekuo l˙;rk Lusg] d~`f(e jlk;u ^æhrd` (Refrigerators) lkSgknZ] ekuork vkfn ewY;kÍ ds` lkƒ vkxs ,oa rki fu;a(d` mid`j.kÍ eÍ ^;qDr gksrs cÈ
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mi;qZDr izæaflr okn-fookn izfr;ksfx;kÍ eÍ ls izR;sd` d`ks mid`kj izd`kæu d`h lkS :i, ewY; rd` d`h okafNr iqLrd`/iqLrdÍ` HÍVLoÔi iznku d`h tk,axh\ ;fn lkS :i, ls vf|d` ewY; d`h iqLrd` d`h ek∑x d`h xbZ] rks mlds` ewY; eÍ ls lkS :i, iqjLd`kjLoÔi d`e d`j fn, tk,axs\ Î`i;k viuh ilUn d`h iqLrd` lwfpr d`jÍ\

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./fnlEcj/2009/990

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Bank of Maharashtra Agriculture Officers Exam., 30-8-2009 Solved Paper

English Language (Based on Memory)

Directions—(Q. 1–15) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions. Crude oil has had a long history, and interesting one. It is probably one single natural resource that has been instrumental in producing maximum conflicts and wars during the last century. With such a track record, it is surprising that in the given environment,wherein oil prices are breaking all records, and has become the biggest cause of concern across the globe, why is it that there is silence from some parts of the world`? It is intriguing especially when some have been paying a much higher price on fuel, as compared to their poorer counterparts. It is surprising, more so, when one realizes that the number of oil producing nations is only a handful as compared to the number of oil consuming nations. While a proactive action from the mighty and powerful can bring in a huge respite for the world, why is it that they choose to be silent ? Also, keeping in mind the fact that a few nations–both powerful and weak have some of the largest unused oil reserves,their silence and lack of any serious action look all the more aberrant. Looking at the manner things are shaping up, it just cannot be ruled out that possibly these nations have a definite interest in the increasing prices of oil. The question then is what could their underlying interest be ? In all probability, what we are seeing right now is just a precursor to the larger picture, well laid out by them may be for the good. With rising prices, the OPEC might be delighted right now, but perhaps they are unable to see what is going to hit them. For this unprecedented rise in oil is creating a most demanding environment for alternative fuels. As and when the reserves deplete and

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demand really grows, more than anyone else, it is OPEC that would be badly hit, much to the glee of some nations having unused reserves which have the most to gain by using blackmailing tactics. Eventually, the countries at the receiving end would be forced to create an enabling environment for alternative energy. This trend is already visible,with India showing the way with its nuclear deal and other countries dangling the carrot of complete conversion to natural gas towards other countries in order to boost their own business. By doing so they are creating a tactical pressure on countries. As they know that the further the oil prices get pushed, the more the globe would become attracted and ready for alternative and non-conventional fuel. Moreover, for many of the countries, it might become more expensive to invest in newer technologies to conform to the emission norms than to shift to alternative sources, making the market even more attractive. And it is then that the organizations which have already invested billions of dollars in alternate fuels would mop up the global energy market completely. The second possible reason why some nations of the world are not too enthusiastic to mitigate the price of oil is because the rising oil price is perhaps one of the major deterrents to growth of other countries. Perhaps they were hand in glove in the mechanism to raise the oil price and knowing well that this would make these nations feel the pinch. And now, the rising oil prices have put these nations in a fix. As the pressure of inflationary tendencies increases these countries cannot afford either to sit back and remain entrapped in the larger conspiracy. No wonder then that these are frantically looking around the globe – especially Africa – for newer reserves ! As it is said, oil has a long history and the legacy continues.

01. What, according to the passage, is the step that the nations are likely to take with an intolerable rise in oil prices ? (A) Shift to alternate forms of energy (B) Come to a state of war with other nations (C) Put tactical pressure on countries having oil reserves (D) Formulate more stringent emission norms and apply these across the globe (E) None of these 02. Why is the author surprised with the stance which various nations have taken pertaining to the current global oil crisis ? (A) The stance is leading to war among the nations for control over oil fields (B) Powerful nations have been selling oil at a very inflated rate to under developed nations (C) Many nations have shifted to alternative forms of energy boycotting the use of oil due to inflated prices (D) Eventhough oil has been a matter of conflict among the nations earlier, many nations have a kept a silence on the current crisis (E) None of these 03. Which nations does the author refer to in the phrase ‘these nations have a definite interest in the increasing prices of oil’ ? (A) The mighty and powerful nations (B) Nations having unused oil reserves (C) Nations which have exhausted their oil reserves (D) The nations which have shifted to non-conventional fuels (E) None of these 04. Which of the following is not true in context of the passage ? (A) Some nations have kept a silence upon the rising oil price in order to inhibit the growth of other nations (B) It is more cost effective to shift to alternative forms of energy than to invest in technology for conforming to the emission norms

(C) Some nations have unused oil reserves which would earn these nations heavy profits once the oil reserves elsewhere deplete (D) India has had a nuclear deal for its energy needs (E) All are true 05. What does the author mean by ‘dangling the carrot’ in the passage ? (A) Some countries are stringently opposing the conversion to alternative forms of fuel (B) Some countries have been luring other countries to change over to alternate fuels in order to boost their own business (C) Some countries are making the effort to save environment by using natural gas instead of oil as a fuel (D) Both (A) and (B) (E) None of these 06. Which of the following is intended in the given passage ? (A) To highlight the plight of OPEC with rising fuel prices (B) To urge to the government to shift from oil to natural gas since it is more environment friendly (C) To highlight the vested interest of some nations in maintaining the indifference to rising oil prices (D) To urge to save the environment by conforming to the emission norms and using alternate energy sources (E) None of these 07. Why, according to the author, OPEC though delighted currently, would be in difficult situation later ? (A) All the oil reserves on the earth will soon be exhausted (B) Powerful nations will try and dominate OPEC later on (C) As the oil reserves which are being used currently deplete in the time to come, nations having unused oil reserves would arm-twist OPEC (D) Nations will lose faith in OPEC owing to very high fuel prices (E) None of these

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08. What, according to the author, makes the market of alternative sources very attractive ? (A) Many countries have already made a substantial profit in the industry of alternative fuel (B) Such measures do not cause harm to the environment (C) Only a few countries of the world will have the access to alternative forms of fuel (D) The use of alternative sources has been forced upon certain countries by powerful countries (E) None of these 09. Which of the following can be the most appropriate title for the given passage ? (A) Reasons behind silence on increase in oil prices (B) Nuclear power as an alternative source of energy (C) The monopoly of oil reserves by powerful countries (D) The repercussion of shifting to alternative forms of energy (E) Oil reserves as deterrent of growth of the nations Directions—(Q. 10–12) Choose the word/group of words which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.

(D) Delicate (E) Brittle 14. GLEE (A) Disappointment (B) Dishonour (C) Appreciation (D) Disillusion (E) Defeat 15. MITIGATE (A) Fright (B) Decline (C) Degeneration (D) Worsen (E) Deprivation Directions—(Q. 16–25) Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence, the letter of that part will be the answer. If there is no error, mark (E) as the answer. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.) 16. The merchant counted / the (A) number of pearls / to make sure (B) (C) that / none of them were (D) missing. No error (E)

17. When deep sea diving, / one 10. INSTRUMENTAL (A) (A) Non-vocal (B) Reasonable should always take care / that (C) Creditable (D) Responsible (B) (E) Liable oxygen cylinder is / tied to the (C) 11. ABERRANT back tightly. No error (A) Curious (B) Abnormal (D) (E) (C) Spoilt (D) Inferior (E) Nonfunctional 18. As the salary / did not match / (A) (B) 12. PUSHED his expectations, he did not / (A) Dominated (B) Pressed (C) (C) Diverted (D) Thrown accept the job. No error (E) Increased (D) (E) Directions—(Q. 13–15) Choose the word / phrase which is MOST 19. The reason behind his success / OPPOSITE in MEANING to the (A) word printed in bold as used in the in the recent past / is due to hardpassage. (B) (C) 13. PROACTIVE work / and presence of mind. (D) (A) Quick No error (B) Over powered (E) (C) Dormant

20. No sooner did the students / seen (A) the principal approach / than (B) they ran / from the playground. (C) (D) No error (E) 21. My elder sister and I am / (A) interested in painting / and (B) therefore have joined / the (C) coaching classes. No error (D) (E) 22. Only after a lot of persuasion, / (A) did the illiterate villager allow / (B) himself’s girl child / to study in (C) (D) the school. No error (E) 23. The need for alternate / sources (A) of energy are / essential to (B) (C) conserve / the environment. (D) No error (E) 24. I have being working / in that (A) organization for five years / but (B) now I work / for a different (C) (D) company. No error (E) 25. There is no argument against / (A) the fact that / humans are the (B) (C) most intelligent / of all other (D) species. No error (E) Directions—(Q. 26–30) Which of the phrases (A), (B) (C) and (D) given below each statement should replace the phrase printed in bold in the sentence to make it grammatically correct ? If the sentence is correct as it is given and ‘No correction is required’, mark (E) as the answer.

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26. Many students waits anxiously at the college gate to know their results— (A) student waited anxiously (B) students waiting anxiously (C) students waited anxiously (D) students waited anxious (E) No correction required 27. Through a fortuitous circumstance Rakhi met her childhood friend on the bus in which she was travelling. (A) she was travelled (B) she did travel (C) she has travelling (D) she were travelling (E) No correction required 28. The opposition party has alleged that the prices of essential commodities are soaring like never before on the last three decades— (A) before on the next (B) before in the last (C) before at the last (D) previously in the next (E) No correction required 29. The salaries and the perks of the employees in this institution are not in according with the rest of the industry— (A) are not in accordance (B) is not in accordance (C) are not according (D) is not on accordance (E) No correction required 30. The soldiers deployed in the town were instructed exercising restraint and handle the situation peacefully. (A) was instructed to exercising (B) were instructed for exercise (C) were instructed to exercise (D) was instructing to exercising (E) No correction required Directions—(Q. 31–35) Rearrange the following sentences (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6) to make a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions which follow— 1. The only way in which this problem can be solved is by making artificial blood which has remained a distant dream for science.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Donation of blood is considered to be the most noble of all the charities. If they succeed, it would be noted as one of the most important inventions in the history of mankind. This is because this donated magic potion can give life to another person in an emergency. A group of scientists, however, has dedicated themselves towards making this a reality. A growing problem however is that the requirement for safe blood is increasing whereas the number of donors is decreasing.

31. Which of the following sentence should be the FIRST after rearrangement ? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5 32. Which of the following sentence should be the SECOND after rearrangement ? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 6 33. Which of the following sentence should be the THIRD after rearrangement ? (A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 5 (E) 6 34. Which of the following sentence should be the FIFTH after rearrangement ? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5 (E) 6 35. Which of the following sentence should be the SIXTH (LAST) after rearrangement ? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5 Directions—(Q. 36–40) Each question below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole. 36. One of the TV cameramen was …… in the leg by a bullet when

he was …… in the middle of a gun fight between two gangs. (A) hurt, entered (B) shot, caught (C) injured, came (D) stabbed, trapped (E) beaten, engulfed 37. Although the fire was very small everyone …… and rushed out of the cinema hall …… complete chaos. (A) shouted, leading (B) died, producing (C) injured, resulting (D) scared, making (E) panicked, causing 38. The …… of pesticides and fertilizers while growing the vegetables and fruits is one of the greatest …… to the health these days. (A) production, dangers (B) consumption, problem (C) overuse, threats (D) application, rewards (E) amount, injury 39. The group’s mission is to ………… peace between the nations and help different people ………… each other better. (A) maintain, understand (B) remain, address (C) keep, interact (D) advise, find (E) communicate, friendly 40. History ………… the Kings and influential leaders whereas the real battle was ………… by the soldiers who remain little known and celebrated in the texts. (A) remembers, played (B) highlights, underwent (C) biased, lead (D) glorifies, fought (E) writes, done Directions—(Q. 41–50) In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. Without doubt there is one thing (…41…) to all of us-We have played

a game at some time in our lives. Most of us play to relax or have fun, but for many playing a game or a sport is a way to (…42…) poverty behind. Infact, in many African countries, playing a sport professionally can (…43…) the lives of a person’s entire family. For example, in the samll town of Bekoji, in Ethiopia (…44…) than a hundred boys and girls can be seen running at dawn everyday. Each of these youth is (…45…) and serious and their coach is (…46…) that one of them will be a world champion. This seems like an idle (…47…) but it is virtually a guarantee in this small community (…48…) mainly farmers. Many of the fastest male and female distance runners in the world hail from this small town. A small handpainted sign which greets visitors outside Bekoji (…49…) “Welcome to the Village of Athletes”. Children here start running at an early age, (…50…) great distance to fetch water and firewood or to reach, school. At the Olympics, runners from this small town are likely to win more medals than those from developed countries. It will give their families a way out of poverty. 41. (A) accepted (C) alike (E) popular

(B) common (D) similar

42. (A) alleviate (C) prevent (E) leave

(B) forgot (D) reduce

43. (A) changes (C) control (E) shift

(B) arrange (D) transform

44. (A) further (C) greater (E) larger

(B) more (D) over

45. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

concentrated rival focused playful performed

46. (A) convince (C) intended (E) confident

(B) optimist (D) privilege

47. (A) boast (B) suspicion (C) risk (D) worship (E) precaution

48. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

existing that comprising consisting for

49. (A) warn (C) notices (E) wish 50. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

(B) inform (D) reads

covering driving measuring following competing

Answers with Hints

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