Powerpoint: Dehydration

Report on DEHYDRATION:

Diarrhea and Vomiting  

ALCANTARA, Nadine CERIACO, Chedan SLU BSN IV-K, Group 1

BRAT DIET FOR DIARRHEA Banana, Rice, Applesauce, Toast DIET PROs The BRAT diet consists of foods that are relatively bland, easy to digest, and low in fiber. Low-fiber foods are recommended because foods high in fiber may cause gas, possibly worsening the gastrointestinal upset. In 2007, Debora Duro and Christopher Duggan reported that bananas and rice have been shown to have a positive effect on the bowels with recommended caution. In vitro research has found that rice may offer anti-secretory benefits. Rice-based oral re-hydration solutions help decrease stool volume and stop diarrhea sooner. The banana’s high content of amylase-resistant starch is broken down into short-chain fatty acids in the colon, a process that may reduce water and electrolyte losses and benefit GI symptoms. Duro and Duggan cite one study in which adding pectin (which is provided by the applesauce so does the toast) or bananas to the diet significantly decreased stool weight and stopped diarrhea much sooner, compared with a rice diet alone.

CONs Adding rice, bananas, or pectin to the diet during diarrhea may be beneficial, but Duro and Duggan point out that the BRAT diet is not nutritionally complete and may be deficient in Calories, fat, protein, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin B12, and calcium. Duro and Duggan also say that food restriction does not benefit diarrhea and actually causes individuals to suffer from diarrhea for longer periods of time, based on randomized clinical trials. In addition to dietary restrictions, medical professionals recommended that all patients, regardless of age, intake plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration, along with oral rehydration solutions to replace the depleted electrolytes to avoid salt imbalance. Severe, untreated salt imbalance can result in "extreme weakness, confusion, coma, or death." Alternative An alternative diet that is being researched is the CRAM diet (Cereal, Rice, and Milk) since it may add more complete protein and needed fat into the diet.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRAT_diet"

Oral Rehydration May Be Best for Children With Gastroenteritis CME News Author: Laurie Barclay, MD CME Author: Charles Vega, MD, FAAFP Release Date: February 7, 2005; Valid for credit through February 7, 2006

Hypotheses The primary hypothesis of this study was that the failure rate of ORT would be no more than 5% greater than the failure rate of IVF. Secondary hypotheses were that patients treated with ORT would require less time initiating therapy, have greater improvement after two hours of therapy, have fewer hospitalizations, and prefer ORT for future episodes of dehydration. Pearls for practice ORT can reduce the length of emergency department stay, improve parent education, and reduce children's levels of pain when compared with IVF in the management of pediatric gastroenteritis with dehydration. ORT appears equivalent to IVF in improving clinical variables in children with dehydration secondary to gastroenteritis, but time to initiate treatment favors ORT.