Potential Post Operative Complications
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Atelectasis Bronchitis Bronchopneumonia Lobar pneumonia Hypostatic pulmonary congestion Pleurisy
Causes: Infections, toxins, irritants, IMMOBILITY, and IMPAIRED VENTILATION. CLINICAL Signs: Increased temperature Cough Expectoration of blood tinged or purulent sputum Dyspnea Chest pain
Causes: Mucous plugs blocking bronchial passageways Inadequate lung expansion Analgesics IMMOBILITY Clinical signs: Dyspnea Tachypnea Tachycardia Diaphoresis Anxiety Pleural pain Decraesed chest wall movement Dull or absent breath sounds Decreased oxygen saturation (SPO2)
Causes: stasis of the venous blood from immobility Venous injury from fractures/during surgery Use of oral contraceptives high in estrogen Preexisting coagulation or circulatory disorder Clinical signs: Sudden chest pain Shortness of breath Cyanosis Shock (tachycardia, low blood pressure)
Causes: Fluid deficit Hemorrhage Clinical signs: Tachycardia Decreased urine output Decreased blood pressure
Causes: Disruption of sutures Insecure ligation of blood vessels Clinical signs: Dressing saturated with bright blood: Bright, free flowing blood in drains or chest tubes Apprehension; restlessness; thirst; cold, moist , pale skin Deep, rapid RR; low body temperature Low BP, low Hgb Circumoral pallor; spots before the eyes, ringing
Causes: Severe hypovolemia from fluid deficit or hemorrhage Clinical signs: Rapid, weak pulse, Decreased blood pressure Dyspnea Tachypnea Restlessness & anxiety Urine output less than 30 ml/hr Cool clammy skin, Thirst, Pallor Progressive weakness, then death
- often occurs after operations on the lower abdomen or during the course of septic conditions as ruptured ulcer or peritonitis Causes: Injury: damage to vein Hemorrhage Prolonged immobility Obesity / Debilitation
Clinical Manifestations
Pain Redness Swelling Heat / warmth + Homan’s sign
Nursing Interventions Prevention: Hydrate adequately to prevent hemoconcentration Encourage leg exercises and ambulate early Avoid any restricting devices that can constrict and impair circulation Prevent use of bed rolls, knee gatches, dangling over the side of the bed with pressure on popliteal area
Cause: depressed bladder tone from narcotics and anesthetics Handling of tissues during surgery on adjacent organs (rectum/vagina) Fluid intake larger than output Clinical signs: Inability to void or frequent voiding of small amounts Bladder distention Suprapubic discomfort restlessness
Cause: IMMOBILIZATION Limited fluid intake Instrumentation of urinary tract Clinical signs: Burning sensation during voiding Urgency Cloudy urine Lower abdominal pain
Clinical signs: Complaints of feeling sick to the stomach Retching or gagging Throwing up Cause: Pain Abdominal distention Ingesting of food and fluids before return of peristalsis Certain medication Anxiety
Cause: poor aseptic technique Clinical signs: Purulent exudates Redness Tenderness Elevated temperature Wound odor Laboratory analysis of wound swab identifies causative microorganism
Cause: Malnutrition (emaciation, obesity) Poor circulation Excessive strain on suture line Clinical signs: Increased incision drainage Tissues underlying skin becomes visible along parts of the incision
Clinical signs: Anorexia Tearfulness Loss of ambition Withdrawal Rejection of others Feelings of dejection Sleep disturbances (insomnia or excessive sleeping)
Cause: Weakness News of malignancy Severely altered body image Other personal matter Maybe a physiologic response to some surgeries Surprise nature of emergency surgery
Postop Nursing Care
Atelectasis Bronchitis Bronchopneumonia Lobar pneumonia Hypostatic pulmonary congestion Pleurisy
Causes: Infections, toxins, irritants, IMMOBILITY, and IMPAIRED VENTILATION. CLINICAL Signs: Increased temperature Cough Expectoration of blood tinged or purulent sputum Dyspnea Chest pain
Causes: Mucous plugs blocking bronchial passageways Inadequate lung expansion Analgesics IMMOBILITY Clinical signs: Dyspnea Tachypnea Tachycardia Diaphoresis Anxiety Pleural pain Decraesed chest wall movement Dull or absent breath sounds Decreased oxygen saturation (SPO2)
Causes: stasis of the venous blood from immobility Venous injury from fractures/during surgery Use of oral contraceptives high in estrogen Preexisting coagulation or circulatory disorder Clinical signs: Sudden chest pain Shortness of breath Cyanosis Shock (tachycardia, low blood pressure)
Causes: Fluid deficit Hemorrhage Clinical signs: Tachycardia Decreased urine output Decreased blood pressure
Causes: Disruption of sutures Insecure ligation of blood vessels Clinical signs: Dressing saturated with bright blood: Bright, free flowing blood in drains or chest tubes Apprehension; restlessness; thirst; cold, moist , pale skin Deep, rapid RR; low body temperature Low BP, low Hgb Circumoral pallor; spots before the eyes, ringing
Causes: Severe hypovolemia from fluid deficit or hemorrhage Clinical signs: Rapid, weak pulse, Decreased blood pressure Dyspnea Tachypnea Restlessness & anxiety Urine output less than 30 ml/hr Cool clammy skin, Thirst, Pallor Progressive weakness, then death
- often occurs after operations on the lower abdomen or during the course of septic conditions as ruptured ulcer or peritonitis Causes: Injury: damage to vein Hemorrhage Prolonged immobility Obesity / Debilitation
Clinical Manifestations
Pain Redness Swelling Heat / warmth + Homan’s sign
Nursing Interventions Prevention: Hydrate adequately to prevent hemoconcentration Encourage leg exercises and ambulate early Avoid any restricting devices that can constrict and impair circulation Prevent use of bed rolls, knee gatches, dangling over the side of the bed with pressure on popliteal area
Cause: depressed bladder tone from narcotics and anesthetics Handling of tissues during surgery on adjacent organs (rectum/vagina) Fluid intake larger than output Clinical signs: Inability to void or frequent voiding of small amounts Bladder distention Suprapubic discomfort restlessness
Cause: IMMOBILIZATION Limited fluid intake Instrumentation of urinary tract Clinical signs: Burning sensation during voiding Urgency Cloudy urine Lower abdominal pain
Clinical signs: Complaints of feeling sick to the stomach Retching or gagging Throwing up Cause: Pain Abdominal distention Ingesting of food and fluids before return of peristalsis Certain medication Anxiety
Cause: poor aseptic technique Clinical signs: Purulent exudates Redness Tenderness Elevated temperature Wound odor Laboratory analysis of wound swab identifies causative microorganism
Cause: Malnutrition (emaciation, obesity) Poor circulation Excessive strain on suture line Clinical signs: Increased incision drainage Tissues underlying skin becomes visible along parts of the incision
Clinical signs: Anorexia Tearfulness Loss of ambition Withdrawal Rejection of others Feelings of dejection Sleep disturbances (insomnia or excessive sleeping)
Cause: Weakness News of malignancy Severely altered body image Other personal matter Maybe a physiologic response to some surgeries Surprise nature of emergency surgery
Postop Nursing Care
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