Portfolio 4 (human Memory: Part 2)

INDIVIDUAL PORTFOLIO 4 Lecture 2 (Part 2): Human Memory

Name: Ronny Anak Tanjong Matrix ID: 19752

In this lecture, we learn about Human Memory for Cognition and Learning (Part 2). It is more to the knowledge representation and how it implies on learning. Knowledge representation is very important in further processing of memory. It is help to resolution of problems and learning. There are different types of knowledge representation. The first one is declarative knowledge. It is the knowledge of facts or events. For example, “Kuala Lumpur is the capital city of Malaysia”. Another one is declarative knowledge. It is about how to do things. For example, how to draw a bicycle? Domain knowledge is also one of the types of knowledge representation. It is the knowledge about specific fields of study. There are also many type of knowledge representation, such as general knowledge, images, schema, and situation models. Knowledge need to be stored in memory. Declarative knowledge is stored as propositional networks. Propositional network is the interconnected concepts and relationships in which long-term knowledge is held. The concepts in the network are represented by nodes and properties that relate them to other concepts nodes and the associations between them are represented by lines or links. The propositional network works by using spreading activation. Spreading activation states that when the name of concept is mentioned, the node representing that concept is activated. According to Anderson (1995), speed and probability of accessing a memory is determined by its level of activation, which in turn is determined by how frequently and how recently we have used the memory. There is a way to improve our memory. One of the techniques is chunking, which is proposed by George Miller. Visual or images also can help us to have better memory. Some say “picture speaks a thousand words”. Besides, we can use mnemonics. It works by makes the information easier to elaborate, chunk or retrieve it from memory. For example, to remember the 7 primary colours, pick the first letter on every word and create a sentence that easy to remember. In Malay, 7 primary colours are “Merah Jingga Kuning Hijau Biru Indigo Ungu”. To easy to remember, we can write “Mat Jenin Ke Hutan Bawa Ikan Yu”. Another way is by using rhythm and rhyme. We also needed to be motivated to improve our memory. We have to motivate ourselves that we are interest in subjects and give a full attention on it.