Philippine Normal University Scientific Paper I.
Introduction: The basis of this scientific paper was to determine the acid, base and neutral substances found in the list of compounds below in a conducted experiment using the alugbati as an indicator. Thus, it will also help increase our understanding about the three substances (pertaining to acid, base and salt) and their differences.
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Materials used for the experiment: Utensils: Dropper Coco bowl Mortar and pestle Knife Chopping board Saucer Flat plate Wide-mouth bottles Spoon Diaper cloth
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Compounds: Apog (lime water) Vinegar Salt Solution Shampoo (liquid based) Toothpaste (liquid based) Egg yolk Tap water Calamansi Baking soda (liquid based) Milk (liquid based)
Indicator: Alugbati Bond paper
Procedures:
I. Preparing the juice Wash the alugbati leaves and chop it finely.
Grind it using a mortar and pestle to express the juice and put some alcohol.
Placed the grind leaves in a diaper filter cloth to serve as a filter to release the extract. Use a bowl to serve the extract.
II. Preparing the indicator After drying, cut the bond paper into strips measuring half inch wide and three inch long.
Place the dipped bond paper in a flat plate and let it dry.
When enough juice was collected, prepare the bond paper and dip it into the juice.
III. Testing the Compounds:
Prepare the list of compounds in different sets of bottles. Avoid mixtures and label each compounds.
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Get the paper strips and use the dropper to test from each compound. Let it dry and observe the changes in color.
Be able to collect all record and gather all the data based from your observations
Data: Results and Discussions:
Throughout the experiment, I’ve made used of the alugbati paper as an indicator to test the acid, base and neutral substances found in the list of the following compounds: After the experiment, I’ve noticed some changes in the color. Some are not clear and some are considered to be faded yet I can still notice the changes. I’ve made a table showing the changes in color of the alugbati paper. Compounds Apog (lime water) Vinegar Salt Solution Shampoo (liquid based) Toothpaste (liquid based) Egg yolk Tap water Calamansi Baking soda (liquid based) Milk (liquid based)
Changes Blue violet (faded) Red (tip) No change Blue (spots) Light blue (faded) Blue No change Red Blue (faded) Red
According to some of my references, a litmus paper is a common indicator used in laboratory experiments. It has two colors, red and blue. When a red litmus turns blue it is in base form and when the blue litmus turns red it is of acid form. When there’s no changes in color the compound was said to be neutral.
Going back to the table, after the alugbati paper was dipped into the compounds some changes occurred. When I dipped the strips in the bottles of apog, egg yolk, shampoo, and toothpaste, it all turned out to be bluish in color indicating that those compounds are of acid substance. After the acid, the occurrence of base appeared in the form of vinegar, calamansi and milk which all turned out to a reddish color. Salt solution and tap water did not show any changes so it’s in the neutral substance.
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Generalization:
I therefore conclude that any compound that is of acid form and tastes sour and is capable of changing the blue litmus to red is an acid. We know for a fact that acetic acid is present in vinegar, citric acid in calamansi and lactic acid in milk and all turned out to reddish color. While any compound that tastes bitter and slippery to touch and is capable of changing the red litmus to blue is a base. All compounds used that I’ve determined in the form of base contains all the characteristics of a base substance. In neutralization reaction one of the products is usually water and the other is an ionic compound called salt. Acids and bases have characteristic properties that cancel each other when they react in a neutralization reaction.
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References:
Introduction to General, Organic and Biological Chemistry by Robert J. Oullette. pp.132 Chemistry by Addison and Wesley (third edition) Chemical Principles by Masterson and Hurley (fifth edition) Chemistry for third year High School (Government property) pp.51-52 Chemistry (Diwa Publishing)
Lee, Gena Mae E. I-27 Prof. Teddy Manansala