Pneumonia Causative Agent: 1. Infectious- Bacteria (streptococcus Pneumonia) Virus Fungi

Pneumonia Causative Agent: 1. Infectious- bacteria (streptococcus pneumonia) virus fungi 2. Non-infectious - inhalation of toxic gases, chemicals - aspiration of foreign substances - secondary to other existing disease Mode of Transmission: droplet, direct contact Incubation Period: 1 – 3 days Pneumonia Signs and Symptoms: fever with chills (rapidly rising) cough characterized by rusty sputum chest pain – stabbing aggrevated by respiration & coughing symptoms of respiratory distress Diagnostic Examinations: Sputum examination Chest x-ray Pneumonia Treatment: Oxygen inhalation Antibiotics- Penicillin G Na for 7-10 days, Tetracycline (Cotrimoxazole) or Erythromycin, Suction secretion Expectorants/Mucolytics CBR Bronchodilators Nutrition Oral/IV fluids Pneumonia Nursing Care: CBR Turning – coughing – deep breathing exercises Measure to mobilize secretions Maintain or increase fluid intake Adequate nutrition Suction secretions Prevention: Avoid mode of Transmission Build resistance Turn to sides Control of Acute Respiratory Infection (CARI) Control of Acute Respiratory Infection (CARI)

*the no.1 cause of mortality among under five/ infants ?pneumonia First- classify the child (young infant or child) Second- watch out far danger signs Third- make a diagnosis Fourth- treat the child Very Severe Pneumonia *coughs and colds plus: Stopped feeding well Not able to drink Ex: throat abscess 2. Convulsion (meningitis) 3. Abnormally sleepy (meningitis, encephalitis) Decreasing LOC 4. Stridor (noisy inspiration) Pneumonia Fast breathing means plus cough and colds Young infants <2 months: RR 60/min2-11 months: RR 50/min1-4 yrs: RR 40/minManagement VSD- hospitalization P- hospital or home management as long as continuous antibiotics and follow up P- Home care + antibiotics NP- home care-give health teachings Increase fluid intake Feed the child Watch danger signs Children aged 2 month – 5 years old with Pneumonia should: Take antibiotics for 5 days – cotrimoxazole BID, amoxycillin TID Bring back child after 2 days for reassessment worse- refer to hospital Same – change antibiotic or refer Improving – finish 5 days 3. Advised home care Management take note also of Wheezing (for younger than 2 months)-bring the child to the hospital Ear problems Acute ear infection Chronic ear infection(14 days or more) Mastoiditis-painful swelling behind the ear Sore throat