Pm
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- Words: 650
- Pages: 21
What is it? •Where does it come from?
•
definition • It is the term for particles found in the air, including dust, dirt, soot, smoke, and liquid roplets. Particles can be suspended in the air for long periods of time. Some particles are large or dark enough to be seen as soot or smoke. Others are so small that individually they can only be detected with an electron microscope.
• Some particles are directly emitted into the air. They come from a variety of sources such as cars, trucks, buses, factories, construction sites, tilled fields, unpaved roads, stone crushing, and burning of wood.
• Other particles may be formed in the air from the chemical change of gases. They are indirectly formed when gases from burning fuels react with sunlight and water vapor. These can result from fuel combustion in motor vehicles, at power plants, and in other industrial processes.
• PM. is associated with serious health effects. • is associated with increased hospital admissions and emergency room visits for people with heart and lung disease. • is associated with work and school absences. • is the major source of haze that reduces visibility in many parts of the United States, including our National Parks.
• settles on soil and water and harms the environment by changing the nutrient and chemical balance. • causes erosion and staining of structures including culturally important objects such as monuments and statues. • Health problems for sensitive people can get worse if they are exposed to high levels of PM for several days in a row.
• Health effects • Many scientific studies have linked breathing PM to a series of significant health problems, including: o aggravated asthma o increases in respiratory symptoms like coughing and difficult or painful breathing o chronic bronchitis o decreased lung function • premature death
Visibility impaiment • PM is the major cause of reduced visibility (haze) in parts of the world, including many of their national parks.
mospheric deposition • Particles can be carried over long distances by wind and then settle on ground or water. The effects of this settling include: • making lakes and streams acidic • changing the nutrient balance in coastal waters and large river basins • depleting the nutrients in soil
o damaging sensitive forests and farm crops • affecting the diversity of ecosystem Aesthetic damage • Soot, a type of PM, stains and damages stone and other materials, including culturally important objects such as monuments and statues.
Efforts to Reduce
•
PM
• Reducing emissions of PM remains a crucial component of EPA's strategy for cleaner air and improved visibility. Over the last two decades, significant reductions in PM emissions from some industrial processes have been achieved.
• However, meeting EPA's national health-based air quality standards continues to be an important step to ensure the air is safe to breathe. Some governments are working together to reduce emissions of PM through several control programs
leaner diesel engines • Prior to 1994, newly manufactured diesel trucks and buses produced higher levels of PM. Starting with model year 1994, engines for new diesel trucks have been built to meet EPA's emission standards, reducing PM emissions by 90 percent.
• Remodeled buses also reduced PM emissions even more than trucks. EPA is continuing to work with manufacturers to further reduce emissions from diesel engines, including non-road engines such as construction equipment.
Visible protection • EPA issued visibility protection regulations in 1999 to reduce emissions that cause haze over large areas of the country. "Regional haze" affects some of our nation's most treasured areas such as Grand Canyon, Yellowstone, Acadia and Shenandoah.
• The haze is formed by pollution particles in the air, which can be carried by the wind and cause problems hundreds of miles away. These regulations call for coordinated state efforts to develop long-term strategies aimed at returning visibility to natural conditions.
•
definition • It is the term for particles found in the air, including dust, dirt, soot, smoke, and liquid roplets. Particles can be suspended in the air for long periods of time. Some particles are large or dark enough to be seen as soot or smoke. Others are so small that individually they can only be detected with an electron microscope.
• Some particles are directly emitted into the air. They come from a variety of sources such as cars, trucks, buses, factories, construction sites, tilled fields, unpaved roads, stone crushing, and burning of wood.
• Other particles may be formed in the air from the chemical change of gases. They are indirectly formed when gases from burning fuels react with sunlight and water vapor. These can result from fuel combustion in motor vehicles, at power plants, and in other industrial processes.
• PM. is associated with serious health effects. • is associated with increased hospital admissions and emergency room visits for people with heart and lung disease. • is associated with work and school absences. • is the major source of haze that reduces visibility in many parts of the United States, including our National Parks.
• settles on soil and water and harms the environment by changing the nutrient and chemical balance. • causes erosion and staining of structures including culturally important objects such as monuments and statues. • Health problems for sensitive people can get worse if they are exposed to high levels of PM for several days in a row.
• Health effects • Many scientific studies have linked breathing PM to a series of significant health problems, including: o aggravated asthma o increases in respiratory symptoms like coughing and difficult or painful breathing o chronic bronchitis o decreased lung function • premature death
Visibility impaiment • PM is the major cause of reduced visibility (haze) in parts of the world, including many of their national parks.
mospheric deposition • Particles can be carried over long distances by wind and then settle on ground or water. The effects of this settling include: • making lakes and streams acidic • changing the nutrient balance in coastal waters and large river basins • depleting the nutrients in soil
o damaging sensitive forests and farm crops • affecting the diversity of ecosystem Aesthetic damage • Soot, a type of PM, stains and damages stone and other materials, including culturally important objects such as monuments and statues.
Efforts to Reduce
•
PM
• Reducing emissions of PM remains a crucial component of EPA's strategy for cleaner air and improved visibility. Over the last two decades, significant reductions in PM emissions from some industrial processes have been achieved.
• However, meeting EPA's national health-based air quality standards continues to be an important step to ensure the air is safe to breathe. Some governments are working together to reduce emissions of PM through several control programs
leaner diesel engines • Prior to 1994, newly manufactured diesel trucks and buses produced higher levels of PM. Starting with model year 1994, engines for new diesel trucks have been built to meet EPA's emission standards, reducing PM emissions by 90 percent.
• Remodeled buses also reduced PM emissions even more than trucks. EPA is continuing to work with manufacturers to further reduce emissions from diesel engines, including non-road engines such as construction equipment.
Visible protection • EPA issued visibility protection regulations in 1999 to reduce emissions that cause haze over large areas of the country. "Regional haze" affects some of our nation's most treasured areas such as Grand Canyon, Yellowstone, Acadia and Shenandoah.
• The haze is formed by pollution particles in the air, which can be carried by the wind and cause problems hundreds of miles away. These regulations call for coordinated state efforts to develop long-term strategies aimed at returning visibility to natural conditions.
