Planetary Gear System
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PLANETARY GEAR SYSTEM
08/22/09
1
SIMPLE PLANETARY GEAR SYSTEM
08/22/09
2
Laws of Planetary Transmission When the internal gear and carrier pinions are
free to rotate at the same time, the pinions always follow the same direction as the internal gear. The sun gear always rotates opposite carrier pinion gear rotation. When the planet carrier is the output, it always follows the direction of the input gear member When the planet carrier is the input, the output gear always follows the carrier direction 08/22/09
3
Laws of Planetary Transmission SUN GEAR
CARRIER
RING GEAR
SPEED
TORQUE
DIRECTION
Input
Output
Held
Max. redn
Increase
Same
Held
Output
Input
Min. redn
Increase
Same
Output
Input
Held
Max. increase
Reduction
Same
Held
Input
Output
Min. increase
Reduction
Same
Input
Held
Output
Reduction
Increase
Reverse
Output
Held
Input
Increase
Reduction
Reverse
When two members are held, direct 1:1 drive When no member is locked, neutral 08/22/09
4
LAW OF REDUCTION LAW OF REDUCTION When there is a reaction member and the planet carrier is the output, the condition is gear reduction. There are two reduction possibilities that meet the requirements of the law of reduction. Either the internal gear or sun gear attached to the drum becomes the stationary or reactionary member. In the first method of reduction the input sun gear driving the pinion gears on their pins opposite the input direction. Because the pinion gears cannot move the stationary internal gear, a reaction force is created between the two gears that cause the pinions to push off the internal gear teeth and walk around the internal gear as they rotate on their centers. This moves the carrier in a forward direction at a reduced speed. The second reduction method is set up with the sun gear stationary and power input given to internal gear. The planet pinions now rotate on their centers, push off the stationary sun gear, and walk around the sun gear to produce another forward reduction effect on the carrier. This planetary gear reduction is widely used for second-gear operation in many automatic transmissions. When comparing the two reduction possibilities, driving the sun gear and holding the internal gear give the deepest reduction.
08/22/09
5
LAW OF OVERDRIVE Law of Overdrive When there is a reaction member and the planetary carrier is
the input, the condition is overdrive. Either the sun gear or the internal gear held stationary. Overdrive produces the opposite effect of a gear reduction. Torque is reduced, and speed is increased by the factor of the gear ratio. Regardless of differences in planetary systems, always look for the planet carrier as the input to achieve overdrive. The usual setup for automatic overdrive uses the stationary sun gear with the internal gear as the output.
08/22/09
6
LAW OF DIRECT DRIVE, REVERSE AND NEUTRAL Law of Direct Drive Direct drive is obtained by clutching or locking any two members of the gearset together. Driving any two members at the same relative speed and in the same direction gives the same effect. In Direct drive the gear ratio is 1:1, with no change occurring in the torque and speed input/output relationship. Law of Reverse When the planet carrier is held against rotation with either the sun gear or internal gear driving, the result is reverse. The sun gear input gives a reverse reduction, while an internal gear input gives a reverse overdrive. Law of Neutral When there is an input but no reaction member, the condition is neutral. The sun gear serves as the driving input member, and the internal gear is free to rotate because it is not grounded to any part of the transmission. The planet carrier is held stationary by the weight of the car on the rear wheels. This causes the planet pinion gears to rotate on their pins, and drive the internal gear opposite the sun gear or input direction.
08/22/09
7
ADVANTAGES OF PLANETARY GEARBOX 1. All members of the planetary gearset share a common axis,
which results in a structure of compact size. 2. Planetary gears are always in full and constant-mesh, eliminating the possibility of gear tooth damage from gear clash or partial engagement. The full and constant mesh feature also permits automatic and quick gear ratio changes without power flow interruption. 3. Planetary gears are strong and sturdy and can handle larger torque loads, for their compact size, in comparison to other gear combinations in manual transmissions. This is because the torque load as it passes through the planetary set is distributed over the several planet pinion gears, which in effect allows more tooth contact area to handle the power transmission. 4. The location of the planetary members makes it relatively easy to hold the members or lock them together for ratio changes. 08/22/09
8
SIMPSON PLANETARY SYSTEM
08/22/09
9
REVANGNAUX PLANETARY GEARBOX
08/22/09
10
OVERDRIVES
08/22/09
11
OVER DRIVE DETAILS Overdrive is a device to step up the gear ratio in the car. It is fitted in between transmission and the propeller shaft. It enables a high cruising speed to be attained with a comparatively low engine speed (upto 20 – 25%) on long journeys. This results in less wear of the engine and decreases vibration and noise. As the friction lows at lower speeds is less, there is a saving of fuel also with the overdrive. Overdrive is generally fitted on top gear only. But in some sport cars, over drives are also fitted on gears other than the top gear which increases the torque ratios available. For examples, when overdrive is fated on top, third and second gear, seven forward speeds or torque ratios are available. The overdrive may be operated either manually or automatically at a predetermined speed. When the sun gear is locked with the casing i.e., it becomes stationary, of the output shaft is increased i.e., overdrive is engaged. When the sun gear is locked to the carrier or to the ring, solid drive is obtained. Thus depending on the locking of the sun gear with ring gear or with carrier the overdrive or the normal direct drive is obtained. 08/22/09
12
ELECTRIC CONTROL OF OVERDRIVE
08/22/09
13
ENGAGEMENT OF PAWL IN OVERDRIVE
08/22/09
14
THREE SPEED AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
08/22/09
15
WILSON GEAR BOX
Direct gear: This is obtained by locking S1 to A by applying the clutch C. In this position we get a solid drive and direct gear is obtained. (Almost like A to B) Third gear: For third gear, S1 is held stationary by means of brake B1. In this position, arm A1 is coupled to ring R2 and arm A2 is coupled to ring R1. Second gear: To obtain second gear, brake B2 is applied to keep the ring R2 stationary. The sun gear S2 is already fixed to the engine shaft A. Arm A2 is also coupled to the ring R1. First gear: Brake B3 is applied to obtain the low gear. Reverse gear: For reverse gear, the brake B4 is applied which holds the ring R4 stationary.
08/22/09
16
Any Questions ?
08/22/09
17
08/22/09
1
SIMPLE PLANETARY GEAR SYSTEM
08/22/09
2
Laws of Planetary Transmission When the internal gear and carrier pinions are
free to rotate at the same time, the pinions always follow the same direction as the internal gear. The sun gear always rotates opposite carrier pinion gear rotation. When the planet carrier is the output, it always follows the direction of the input gear member When the planet carrier is the input, the output gear always follows the carrier direction 08/22/09
3
Laws of Planetary Transmission SUN GEAR
CARRIER
RING GEAR
SPEED
TORQUE
DIRECTION
Input
Output
Held
Max. redn
Increase
Same
Held
Output
Input
Min. redn
Increase
Same
Output
Input
Held
Max. increase
Reduction
Same
Held
Input
Output
Min. increase
Reduction
Same
Input
Held
Output
Reduction
Increase
Reverse
Output
Held
Input
Increase
Reduction
Reverse
When two members are held, direct 1:1 drive When no member is locked, neutral 08/22/09
4
LAW OF REDUCTION LAW OF REDUCTION When there is a reaction member and the planet carrier is the output, the condition is gear reduction. There are two reduction possibilities that meet the requirements of the law of reduction. Either the internal gear or sun gear attached to the drum becomes the stationary or reactionary member. In the first method of reduction the input sun gear driving the pinion gears on their pins opposite the input direction. Because the pinion gears cannot move the stationary internal gear, a reaction force is created between the two gears that cause the pinions to push off the internal gear teeth and walk around the internal gear as they rotate on their centers. This moves the carrier in a forward direction at a reduced speed. The second reduction method is set up with the sun gear stationary and power input given to internal gear. The planet pinions now rotate on their centers, push off the stationary sun gear, and walk around the sun gear to produce another forward reduction effect on the carrier. This planetary gear reduction is widely used for second-gear operation in many automatic transmissions. When comparing the two reduction possibilities, driving the sun gear and holding the internal gear give the deepest reduction.
08/22/09
5
LAW OF OVERDRIVE Law of Overdrive When there is a reaction member and the planetary carrier is
the input, the condition is overdrive. Either the sun gear or the internal gear held stationary. Overdrive produces the opposite effect of a gear reduction. Torque is reduced, and speed is increased by the factor of the gear ratio. Regardless of differences in planetary systems, always look for the planet carrier as the input to achieve overdrive. The usual setup for automatic overdrive uses the stationary sun gear with the internal gear as the output.
08/22/09
6
LAW OF DIRECT DRIVE, REVERSE AND NEUTRAL Law of Direct Drive Direct drive is obtained by clutching or locking any two members of the gearset together. Driving any two members at the same relative speed and in the same direction gives the same effect. In Direct drive the gear ratio is 1:1, with no change occurring in the torque and speed input/output relationship. Law of Reverse When the planet carrier is held against rotation with either the sun gear or internal gear driving, the result is reverse. The sun gear input gives a reverse reduction, while an internal gear input gives a reverse overdrive. Law of Neutral When there is an input but no reaction member, the condition is neutral. The sun gear serves as the driving input member, and the internal gear is free to rotate because it is not grounded to any part of the transmission. The planet carrier is held stationary by the weight of the car on the rear wheels. This causes the planet pinion gears to rotate on their pins, and drive the internal gear opposite the sun gear or input direction.
08/22/09
7
ADVANTAGES OF PLANETARY GEARBOX 1. All members of the planetary gearset share a common axis,
which results in a structure of compact size. 2. Planetary gears are always in full and constant-mesh, eliminating the possibility of gear tooth damage from gear clash or partial engagement. The full and constant mesh feature also permits automatic and quick gear ratio changes without power flow interruption. 3. Planetary gears are strong and sturdy and can handle larger torque loads, for their compact size, in comparison to other gear combinations in manual transmissions. This is because the torque load as it passes through the planetary set is distributed over the several planet pinion gears, which in effect allows more tooth contact area to handle the power transmission. 4. The location of the planetary members makes it relatively easy to hold the members or lock them together for ratio changes. 08/22/09
8
SIMPSON PLANETARY SYSTEM
08/22/09
9
REVANGNAUX PLANETARY GEARBOX
08/22/09
10
OVERDRIVES
08/22/09
11
OVER DRIVE DETAILS Overdrive is a device to step up the gear ratio in the car. It is fitted in between transmission and the propeller shaft. It enables a high cruising speed to be attained with a comparatively low engine speed (upto 20 – 25%) on long journeys. This results in less wear of the engine and decreases vibration and noise. As the friction lows at lower speeds is less, there is a saving of fuel also with the overdrive. Overdrive is generally fitted on top gear only. But in some sport cars, over drives are also fitted on gears other than the top gear which increases the torque ratios available. For examples, when overdrive is fated on top, third and second gear, seven forward speeds or torque ratios are available. The overdrive may be operated either manually or automatically at a predetermined speed. When the sun gear is locked with the casing i.e., it becomes stationary, of the output shaft is increased i.e., overdrive is engaged. When the sun gear is locked to the carrier or to the ring, solid drive is obtained. Thus depending on the locking of the sun gear with ring gear or with carrier the overdrive or the normal direct drive is obtained. 08/22/09
12
ELECTRIC CONTROL OF OVERDRIVE
08/22/09
13
ENGAGEMENT OF PAWL IN OVERDRIVE
08/22/09
14
THREE SPEED AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
08/22/09
15
WILSON GEAR BOX
Direct gear: This is obtained by locking S1 to A by applying the clutch C. In this position we get a solid drive and direct gear is obtained. (Almost like A to B) Third gear: For third gear, S1 is held stationary by means of brake B1. In this position, arm A1 is coupled to ring R2 and arm A2 is coupled to ring R1. Second gear: To obtain second gear, brake B2 is applied to keep the ring R2 stationary. The sun gear S2 is already fixed to the engine shaft A. Arm A2 is also coupled to the ring R1. First gear: Brake B3 is applied to obtain the low gear. Reverse gear: For reverse gear, the brake B4 is applied which holds the ring R4 stationary.
08/22/09
16
Any Questions ?
08/22/09
17
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