Ping Command.docx

Ping command

Ping Command Among the various measurement packages is the original PING (Packet InterNet Groper) program used over the last six years for numerous tests and measurements of the Internet system and its client nets. This program contains facilities to send various kinds of probe packets, including ICMP Echo messages, process the reply and record elapsed times and other information in a data file, as well as produce real-time snapshot histograms and traces. This program is intended for use in network testing, measurement and management. It should be used primarily for manual fault isolation. Because of the load it could impose on the network, it is unwise to use ping during normal operations or from automated scripts... The Internet Ping command bounces a small packet off a domain or IP address to test network communications, and then tells how long the packet took to make the round trip. The Ping command is one of the most commonly used utilities on the Internet by both people and automated programs for conducting the most basic network test: can your computer reach another computer on the network, and if so how long does it take? Every second of the day there are untold millions of pings flashing back and forth between computers on the Internet like a continuous shower of electronic neural sparks. The following subsections provide information onhow Ping was invented, how Ping works, how to use Ping, Ping web sites, and info on the original Unix Ping version. How Ping was invented. The original PING command stood for "Packet Internet Groper", and was a package of diagnostic utilities used by DARPApersonnel to test the performance of the ARPANET. However, the modern Internet Ping command refers to a program was written by Mike Muuss in December, 1983, which has since become one of the most versatile and widely used diagnostic tools on the Internet. Muuss named his program after the sonar sounds used for echo-location by submarines and bats; just like in old movies about submarines, sonar probes do sound something like a metallic "ping". How Ping works. The Internet Ping program works much like a sonar echolocation, sending a small packet of information containing an ICMPECHO_REQUEST to a specified computer, which then sends an ECHO_REPLY packet in return. The IP address 127.0.0.1 is set by convention to always indicate your own computer. Therefore, a ping to that address will Gpt karkala

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Ping command

always ping yourself and the delay should be very short. This provides the most basic test of your local communications. How to use Ping. You can use the Ping command to perform several useful Internet network diagnostic tests, such as the following: 

Access. You can use Ping to see if you can reach another computer. If you can't ping a site at all, but you can ping other sites, then it's a pretty good sign that your Internet network is fine and that site is down. On the other hand, if you can't ping any site, then likely your entire network connection is down -- try rebooting.

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Time & distance. You can use the Ping command to determine how long it takes to bounce a packet off of another site, which tells you its Internet distance in network terms. For example, a website hosted on your neighbor's computer next door with a different Internet service provider might go through more routers and be farther away in network distance than a site on the other side of the ocean with a direct connection to the Internet backbone. If a site seems slow, you can compare ping distances to other Internet sites to determine whether it is the site, the network, or your system that is slow. You can also compare ping times to get an idea of which sites have the fastest network access and would be most efficient for downloading, chat, and other applications.

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Domain IP address. You can use the Ping command to probe either adomain name or an IP address. If you ping a domain name, it helpfully displays the corresponding IP address in the response.

You can run the ping command on a Windows computer by opening an MSDOS window and then typing "ping" followed by the domain name or IP address of the computer you wish to ping. You can list the available options for the Windows ping command with "ping -?". Online ping. If you can't use the Ping command from your own computer because of a firewall or other restriction, or want to do an Internet ping from another location than your own, you can use one of the following websites that offer online ping services:

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  

his.com Ping Network-Tools Spfld.com Ping

Remember when doing an online ping that the packets are sent from that website, so the times that are returned reflect the path from that location and not from your computer. Nevertheless, a ping from an online website can be useful to test if an address can be reached from different places around the Internet, to do comparative timing to test how long it takes to reach one site compared to others. If the times returned by several online ping sites to an Internet address are consistently long, then the destination site's network is likely having problems. On the other hand, if you can ping an address from an online ping site but not from your own computer, then there is likely some block in your network preventing you from communicating with that site. Unix version. Muuss originally created the ping command for the Unixsystem, with the options summarized below:

ping [-q] [-v] [-R] [-c Count] [-i Wait] [-s PacketSize] Host Option

Example

ping -c count

ping -c 10 Specify the number of echo requests to send.

Ping -d

ping -d

Set the SO_DEBUG option.

Ping -f

ping -f

Flood ping. Sends another echo request immediately after receiving a reply to the last one. Only the super-user can use this option.

Ping host

ping Specify the host name (or IP 121.4.3.2 address) of computer to ping

ping -i wait

ping -i 2

Wait time. The number of seconds to wait between each ping

ping -l preload

ping -l 4

Sends "preload" packets one after another.

Ping -n

ping -n

Numeric output, without host to symbolic name lookup.

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Definition

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Ping -p pattern

ping -p ff00

Ping Pattern. The example sends two bytes, one filled with ones, and one with zeros.

Ping -q

ping -q

Quiet output. Only summary lines at startup and completion

ping -r

ping -r

Direct Ping. Send to a host directly, without using routing tables. Returns an error if the host is not on a directly attached network.

Ping -R

Ping -R

Record Route. Turns on route recording for the Echo Request packets, and display the route buffer on returned packets (ignored by many routers).

ping -s ping -s 10 Sets the packet size in number of PacketSize bytes, which will result in a total packet size of PacketSize plus 8 extra bytes for the ICMP header ping -v

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ping -v

Verbose Output. Lists individual ICMP packets, as well as Echo Responses

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The ping command is a Command Prompt command used to test the ability of the source computer to reach a specified destination computer. The ping command is usually used as a simple way verify that a computer can communicate over the network with another computer or network device. The ping command operates by sending Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request messages to the destination computer and waiting for a response. How many of those responses are returned, and how long it takes for them to return, are the two major pieces of information that the ping command provides. Note: The ping command is often used with other networking related Command Prompt commands like tracert, ipconfig, netstat, nslookup, and others.

Ping Command Availability The ping command is available from within the Command Prompt in Windows 10,Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP operating systems. The ping command is also available in older versions of Windows like Windows 98 and 95. The ping command can also be found in Command Prompt in the Advanced Startup Options and System Recovery Options repair/recovery menus. Note: The availability of certain ping command switches and other ping commandsyntax might differ from operating system to operating system. Ping Command Syntax ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS] [-r count] [-s count] [w timeout] [-R] [-S srcaddr] [-p] [-4] [-6] target [/?] Tip: See How to Read Command Syntax if you're not sure how to interpret the ping command syntax above or described in the table below. -t

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Using this option will ping the target until you force it to stop using Ctrl-C. Page 5

Ping command

-a

This ping command option will resolve, if possible, the hostnameof an IP address target.

-n count

This option sets the number of ICMP Echo Requests to send, from 1 to 4294967295. The ping command will send 4 by default if -n isn't used.

-l size

Use this option to set the size, in bytes, of the echo request packet from 32 to 65,527. The ping command will send a 32byte echo request if you don't use the -l option.

-f

Use this ping command option to prevent ICMP Echo Requests from being fragmented by routers between you and the target. The -f option is most often used to troubleshoot Path Maximum Transmission Unit (PMTU) issues.

-i TTL

This option sets the Time to Live (TTL) value, the maximum of which is 255.

-v TOS

This option allows you to set a Type of Service (TOS) value. Beginning in Windows 7, this option no longer functions but still exists for compatibility reasons.

-r count

Use this ping command option to specify the number of hopsbetween your computer and the target computer or device that you'd like to be recorded and displayed. The maximum value forcount is 9, so use the tracert command instead if you're interested in viewing all the hops between two devices.

-s count

Use this option to report the time, in Internet Timestamp format, that each echo request is received and echo reply is sent. The maximum value for count is 4, meaning that only the first four hops can be time stamped.

-w timeout

Specifying a timeout value when executing the ping command adjusts the amount of time, in milliseconds, that ping waits for each reply. If you don't use the -w option, the default timeout value of 4000 is used, which is 4 seconds.

-R

This option tells the ping command to trace the round trip path.

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-S

Use this option to specify the source address.

-p

Use this switch to ping a Hyper-V Network Virtualization provider address.

-4

This forces the ping command to use IPv4 only but is only necessary if target is a hostname and not an IP address.

-6

This forces the ping command to use IPv6 only but as with the 4option, is only necessary when pinging a hostname.

target

This is the destination you wish to ping, either an IP address or a hostname.

/?

Use the help switch with the ping command to show detailed help about the command's several options.

Note: The -f, -v, -r, -s, -j, and -k options work when pinging IPv4 addresses only. The-R and -S options only work with IPv6. Other less commonly used switches for the ping command exist including [j host-list], [-k host-list], and [-c compartment]. Execute ping /? from the Command Prompt for more information on these two options. Tip: Save all of the ping command output to a file using a redirection operator. SeeHow to Redirect Command Output to a File for instructions or see our Command Prompt Tricks list for more tips. Ping Command Examples ping -n 5 -l 1500 www.google.com In this example, the ping command is used to ping the hostname www.google.com. The -n option tells the ping command to send 5 ICMP Echo Requests instead of the default of 4, and the -l option sets the packet size for each request to 1500 bytes instead of the default of 32 bytes. The result displayed in the Command Prompt window will look something like this: Pinging www.google.com [74.125.224.82] with 1500 bytes of data: Reply from 74.125.224.82: bytes=1500 time=68ms TTL=52 Gpt karkala

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Reply from 74.125.224.82: bytes=1500 time=68ms TTL=52 Reply from 74.125.224.82: bytes=1500 time=65ms TTL=52 Reply from 74.125.224.82: bytes=1500 time=66ms TTL=52 Reply from 74.125.224.82: bytes=1500 time=70ms TTL=52 Ping statistics for 74.125.224.82: Packets: Sent = 5, Received = 5, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 65ms, Maximum = 70ms, Average = 67ms The 0% loss reported under Ping statistics for 74.125.224.82 tells me that each ICMP Echo Request message sent to www.google.com was returned. This means that, as far as my network connection goes, I can communicate with Google's website just fine. ping 127.0.0.1 In the above example, I'm pinging 127.0.0.1, also called the IPv4 localhost IP address or IPv4 loopback IP address, without options. Using the ping command to ping 127.0.0.1 is an excellent way to test that Windows' network features are working properly but it says nothing about your own networkhardware or your connection to any other computer or device. The IPv6 version of this test would be ping ::1. ping -a 192.168.1.22 In this example I'm asking the ping command to find the hostname assigned to the192.168.1.22 IP address, but to otherwise ping it as normal. Pinging J3RTY22 [192.168.1.22] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.1.22: bytes=32 time As you can see, the ping command resolved the IP address I entered, 192.168.1.22, as the hostname J3RTY22, and then executed the remainder of the ping with default settings. ping -t -6 SERVER

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