Pil.syllabus.updated.2018.docx

Lyceum Philippines University College of Law 2018 PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW Syllabus1 Atty. Romel Regalado Bagares.2* The course covers major chapters of public international law, although it can not touch upon all the topics of a standard manual. Specific emphasis is given to the fundamental principles (including debates on the use of force), the rights of the individual, (human rights, refugee law, international criminal law), the rules of international transactions (law of treaties, diplomacy), the settlement of disputes (responsibility, methods of settlement, the International Court of Justice) and the law of natural resources (sea, outer space, freshwaters). Although the approach is mainstream and aims at presenting law as it is applied by the international subjects and tribunals, critical thoughts will repeatedly penetrate discussions. Basic textbooks: 1. Higgins, Problems & Process, 1994 2. Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law, 1998 edition 3. Magallona, The Philippine Constitution and International Law COURSE SYLLABUS Date

Remarks I.

Prolegomena: History and Theory of International Law and the Philippines

Will Smiley, Lawless Wars of Empire?: The International Law of War in the Philippines , 1893-1903) Lawrence Lowell, The Status of Our New Possessions — A Third View, 13 Harv. L. Rev.155, 171 (1899) (optional) Harvard Law Review Symposium on Unincorporated States, https://harvardlawreview.org/2017/04/us-territories-introduction/ Merlin M. Magallona, The Treaty of Paris of 10 December 1898: History and Morality in International Law (PLJ) Harry L. Roque, Jr. Las Palmas Arbitration Revisited (PLJ) Compagnie de Commerce v. Hamburg Amerika [1917] G.R. No. L-10986 [En Banc] 31st March 1917 In Re Shoop [1920] G..R. No. L-15895 [En Banc] 29th November 1920 ; 41 Phil. Rep. 213 29th November 1920 II. Subject Matter of International Law  Higgins, International Law as Process, Chapter 1  Magallona, The Philippine Constitution and International Law (2013) Chapter 1  Bagares, International Legal Order (Essay, forthcoming)  Hathaway & Shapiro, Outcasting: Enforcement in Domestic and  International Law, Yale Law Journal (2011) III. Sources of International Law  Art. 38, ICJ Statute  Art. 53, 1969 Vienna Convention on Treaties  Higgins, Chapter 2  Brownlie, Chapter 1 Grateful acknowledgment is made to Prof.H. Harry L.Roque Jr. of the University of the Philippines College of Law, who graciously allowed me, his former student, to lift freely from the syllabus he uses in teaching the same course in his home institution. 2Executive Director, Center for International Law (Philippines); Senior Associate, Roque & Butuyan Law Offices. Of the Philippine Bar (2004) BA (1994, UP), LLB (2003, UP), MA (VU-Amsterdam 2007,cl). 1

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 Magallona, The Philippine Constitution and International Law Chapter 2 (Essay on the Incorporation Clause) Cases:  Kuroda v. Jalandoni. 83 SCRA 171  Yamashita v. Styer, 75 Phil 563  In Re Yamashita; cf Sec 9, RA 9851, cf Rome Statute on Command Responsibility and Official Act defense  Raffy v. Chief of Staff G.R. No. L-533, August 20, 1946  Comfort Women (Vinuya et al, original decision and decision on motion for reconsideration)  Kookooritchkin v. Solicitor General, 81 Phil 435  Mijares v. Ranada G.R. No. 139325, April 12, 2005  Military & Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. US), ICJ Reports, 1986)  Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro (Judgment) 2007  Genocide Convention Case  Romel R. Bagares, When The Satisfaction Is (Not) Satisfactory: The Requirement of Causal Nexus in Claims for Reparation for Breaches of the Duty Not To Provide Impunity Under the Genocide Convention (case note on the 2007 Genocide case)  North Sea Continental Shelf Case, ICJ Reports, 1969  South West Africa Case (2nd Phase), ICJ Reports, 1966  Asylum Case, ICJ Reports, 1950  Nuclear Test Cases, ICJ Reports: (New Zealand v. France, 1974; Australia v. France, 1974)  Request for an examination of the situation in accordance with par. 63 of the court’s judgment of the 20December 1974 in the Nuclear Tests (New Zealand v. France) Case, 1995  East Timor case  Legality of the Use by a State of Nuclear Weapons, ICJ Reports, 1996  Paquete Habana, 175 US 677, 1900  Preah Vihear Temple Case, ICJ Reports, 1962 (and the clarificatory case of 2014 (?)  Case Concerning Right of Passage over Indian Territory (Portugal v. India)  Corfu Channel Case, ICJ Reports, 1949  Chorzow Factory Case, 1928 PCIJ Ser. A, No. 17  Barcelona Traction, Light & Power Company Case, ICJ Reports, 1970  Belgium v. Senegal  Texaco v. Libya, 17 ILM or 53 ILR 389, 1978  BP v. Libya, 53 ILR 297  Saudi Arabia v. Arabian American Oil Company, 27 ILR 117  “Soft law” Philippine national law and international law  Compagnie Hamburg 1913  The Roman Catholic Apostolic Church et al v Placer, G.R. No. 3490, September 23, 1907  Llamanzarres v. Elamparo (consolidated cases, G.R. No. 221697; G.R. No. 221698-700, March 8, 2016)  Manalo Brothers v. Secretary of National Defense  Republic v. Sandiganbayan (2003)  Pharmaceutical and Health Care Association v Health Secretary (2007) Magallona, Philippine Constitutional Law and International Law Bagares, Direct Effect of International Law and Philippine Practice essay 2|Page

(2019, forthcoming) IV. Actors in International Law 

Higgins, Chapter 3  Brownlie, Chapter 3  Bagares, Chapter 3  Art. 1, Montevideo Convention on Rights & Duties of States, 49 Stat 3097, 1933 Cases:  Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company Case, ICJ Reports, 1970  Reparations for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the UN, ICJ Reports, 1949  Mavrommatis Case, PCIJ, Ser. A, No. 2, 1924  Certain Expenses of the UN, ICJ Reports, 1962  Rainbow Warrior Arbitration

A. States  Brownlie, Chapters 4 & 5  Higgins, Chapter 4  Henkin et al, International Law, Cases & Materials, 2nd edition, Chapter 4  Bagares, Ch. 3 1. Territorial Sovereignty  Brownlie, Chapter 4  Petition (Magallona v. Executive Secretary)  Magallona v. Executive Secretary (decision)  Magallona, Derogation of National Territory, Essay  James Crawford: State Practice and International Law in Relation to Secession British Yearbook of International Law 1998, Oxford, Clarendon, 1999, 85-117  Cases:  Island of Las Palmas Case (US v. Netherlands), 2 RIAA 829  Las Palmas Arbitration Revisited, H. Harry L. Roque, Jr.  Eastern Greenland Case, PCIJ Ser. A/B, No. 53  SS Lotus Case, PCIJ Ser. A, No. 10 Thematic Lighthouses:     

Minquiers & Ecrehos Case, ICJ Reports, 1951 Case Concerning Sovereignty Over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan (Indonesia/Malaysia) Eritrea-Yemen Arbitration, ICJ Reports, 1998 Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore) 2008 Request for Interpretation of the Judgment of 23 May 2008 in the case concerning Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore) (Malaysia v. Singapore) 2018

Map Cases:       3|Page

Eritrea-Yemen Arbitration, ICJ Reports, 1998 Preah Vihear Temple Case, ICJ Reports, 1962 Frontier Dispute Case (Burkina Faso v. Mali), ICJ Reports, 1986 Libya v. Chad, ICJ Reports 1994 Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries Case, ICJ Reports, 1951 Western Sahara Case, ICJ Reports, 1975

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El Salvador v. Honduras, with Nicaragua intervening, ICJ Reports,1992 Clipperton Island Arbitration (France v. Mexico), January 28, 1931

2. UNCLOS  Brownlie, Part 4, Chapters 9-11  International Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), ILM 21, 1982  Agreement Relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the UNCLOS, ILM 33, 1994  Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the UNCLOS Relating to the Conservation & Management of Straddling Fish Stocks & Highly Migratory Fish Stocks  Magallona Baselines Petition

Cases: a. Internal Waters  Military & Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. US), ICJ Reports, 1986  Saudi Arabia v. Arabian American Oil Company, 27 ILR 117 b. Territorial Sea  Arts. 27-32, UNCLOS  The Gulf of Sidra Incidents, 5 Italian Yearbook of International Law  Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries Case, ICJ Reports, 1951  El Salvador v. Honduras, with Nicaragua Intervening, ICJ Reports, 1992  US v. California, 382 US, 1966  US v. Louisiana, 382 US 11, 1969 c. Straits  Corfu Channel Case, ICJ Reports, 1949 d. Archipelagos   

Arts. 49, 52-53, UNCLOS Coquia, Analysis of the Archipelago Doctrine in the Law of the Sea, 8 PYIL 30 Corfu Channel Case, ICJ Reports, 1949

e. The Contiguous Zone f. The Continental Shelf  North Sea Continental Shelf Case, ICJ Reports, 1969  Libya v. Malta, ICJ Reports, 1985  Tunisia v. Libya, ICJ Reports, 1982  Guinea v. Guinea Bissau, ILR 77, 1985  Aegean Sea Continental Shelf Case (Greece v. Turkey), ICJ Reports, 1978  Anglo-French, ICJ Reports, 1979  Case Concerning Maritime Delimitation in the area between Greenland and Jan Mayen (Denmark v. Norway), 1993  Canada & France, St. Pierre  The Philippines’ Benham Rise Continental Shelf  The Arigo v. Executive Secretary case  La Bugal case (Panganiban ponencia, on applicability of 4|Page

FTAAs to offshore oil and gas exploration, and the limits of Presidential power to enter into such agreements with foreign corporations)

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g. The Exclusive Economic Zone  Arts. 55-58, 70-73, UNCLOS  Spain v. Canada (facts only), ICJ Reports, 1966 M/V Saiga (St. Vincent & Grenadines v. Guinea), ITLOS Judgment, July 1, 1999  Camouco Case (Panama v. France), Judgment, 7 Feb 2000, www.un.org/depts/ios/itlos/jud-camouco.htm) Russia v. Greenpeace (ITLOS case) h. Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries  Gulf of Maine Case (Canada v. US), ICJ Reports, 1994 i. The High Seas  Arts. 86-97, 105-111, UNCLOS

j. Conservation & Management of Living Resources of the High Seas  Southern Blue Fin Tuna Cases (NZ & Australia v. Japan), Order on Request for Provisional Measures, ITLOS Order, August 27, 1999 k. Right of Land-Locked States to & from the Sea Obligation to Negotiate Access to the Pacific Ocean v. Chile) 1 October 2018; EJIL comment by Diane Desierto

(Bolivia

l. International Seabed Area m. Navigation n. Marine Pollution  Civil Liability Convention of 1969  International Fund Convention of 1971  TOVALOP  CRISTAL  1984 Protocols to CLC & FC Conventions  1992 CLC & FC  TOVALOP Supplement of 1994  Crystal 1992 o. Settlement of Disputes SCS Arbitral Ruling : Jurisdictional Phase and Merits Phase Carpio e-book on the WPS Melissa Loja essay Bagares short essay response to Magallona lecture Raul C. Pangalangan essay on Magallona v Executive Secretary p. Peaceful Use of the Oceans q. Archaeological & Historical Objects 3. Jurisdiction & Immunities 5|Page

 Brownlie, Chapters 14 & 15  Higgins, Chapters 4 & 5 Cases on Jurisdiction:  Brownwell v. Sunlife, 95 Phil 228  People v. Lol-lo & Saraw, 43 Phil 19  Tubb v. Greiss, 78 Phil 249  Haw Pia v. China Banking, 80 Phil 604  Northrail Case Cases on Sovereign Immunities:  Equatorial Guinea v. France on Immunities and Criminal Proceedings,  Dato Param Special Rapporteur Advisory Opinion ICJ  ITLOS decision on Argentine Warship (Ara Libertad case)  Germany v. Italy (ICJ)  Northrail case  Legal Opinion on the Taiwanese fishing boat shooting case  Ex Parte Pinochet, 38 ILM 581, March 1999  Hilao v. Estate of Ferdinand Marcos, Judgment of Feb 1985 & Opinion/Order of November 1995  Filartiga case  JUSMAG Philippines v. NLRC, 239 SCRA 224  USA v. Reyes, 219 SCRA 192  Wylie v. Rarang, 209 SCRA 357  WHO v. Aquino, 48 SCRA 242  USA v. Ruiz, 136 SCRA 487  Reeves v. Guinto, G.R. No. 76607 February 26, 1990  Lyons Inc. v. USA, 104 Phil 593  Minucher v. CA, 214 SCRA 242  Holy See v. Rosario, 238 SCRA 524  SEAFDEC v. Acosta, 226 SCRA 49  ICMC v. Calleja  Liang v. People, March 26, 2001  Israel v. Eichmann, 1962  Ker v. Illinois, December 6, 1886  Machain v. Sosa  Sosa v. Machain  Hamdi case  Iqbal case  Ebrahim Case  UNOCAL Case: Decision by the California Central District Court  Congo v. Belgium, ICJ Reports, February 14, 2002  Belgium v. Senegal  US v. Purganan (Mark Jimenez Cases) = 2 cases: SC & MFR  Norhtrail case  Waite and Kennedy v Germany (European Court of Human Rights, 1999)  JAM v. IFC (28 U.S.C. §§ 1602-11. May 2018 pending ) EO 292, Book I, Chapter III (Administrative Code) SECTION 10. Non-suability of the State.—No suit shall lie against the State except with its consent as provided by law. SECTION 11. The State’s Responsibility for Acts of Agents.—(1) The State shall be legally bound and responsible only through the acts performed in accordance with the Constitution and the laws by its duly authorized representatives. (2) The State shall not be bound by the mistakes or errors of its officers or agents in the exercise of their functions. 6|Page

4. Fresh Waters 5. International Responsibility  Higgins, Chapter 9  Brownlie, Chapter 21  ILC Draft Articles on State Responsibility, Harris Casebook, 2004 edition Cases:  Corfu Channel Case, ICJ Reports, 1949  Rainbow Warrior Arbitration (Report)  US Diplomatic & Consular Staff (US v. Iran), ICJ Reports, 1980  DC Decision on UNOCAL  Chorzow Factory Case, 1928 PCIJ Ser. A, No. 17  State Responsibility, Harris Case book , 1994 & 2004 editions 1994 edition  Union Bridge Company Claim (US v. Great Britain), 1924  Youmans Claim (US v. Mexico), 1926  Zafiro Claim (Great Britain v. US), 1925  Bolivar Railway Company Claim (Great Britain v. Venezuela), 1903 2004 edition  Neer Claim (US v. Mexico, 1926)  Starrett Housing Corp. v. Iran (Interlocutory Award) (US v. Iran), 1983  Bosnia Case (Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro)), February 26, 2007

6. Outer Space (Reporting)

The status of outer space and the celestial bodies. The hard and soft law regulating its uses for remote sensing, communication, including television broadcasting and other purposes. Oppenheim’s International Law, Ninth Edition, edited by Sir Robert Jennings and Sir Arthur Watts, Volume I, Peace, Parts 2-4, Longman, London, 1996,: pp 825-845 Theresa Hitchens: Space Debris: Next Steps in: Safeguarding Space for All Security and peaceful Uses, UNIDIR, Geneva, 2004, pp 61 – 68 https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/spacelaw/87/ Soft Law’s Failure on the Horizon: The International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/spacelaw/38/ SPACE FOR DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISMS - DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR SPACE? A few legal considerations https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/spacelaw/85/ Legal Aspects of Satellite Communications—A Mini Handbook

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7. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

 Brownlie, Chapter 26  Magallona on jus cogens and treaties Cases: Definition of “treaty”  Abaya v. Sec. Ebdane, G.R. No. 167919, February 14, 2007  DBM v. Kolonwel Trading; Vibal v. Kolonwel; DEPED v. Kolonwel, June 8, 2007  Northrail case decision  Mitsubishi v. CIR G.R. No. 175772, June 5, 2017 Definition of “ratification”  Lim v. Exec. Sec., G.R. No. 151445. April 11, 2002  Bayan v. Zamora, October 10, 2000  Pimentel v. Exec. Sec  Nicholas v. Romulo, G.R. No. 175888, Feb. 11, 2009  EDCA Case  Reservations to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide  Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. US), ICJ Reports, 1986 Change in circumstances  Gabcikovo-Nagymaros case 8. Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations; Vienna Convention on Consular Relations and Optional Protocols  Brownlie, Chapter 27 Cases:  US Diplomatic & Consular Staff (US v. Iran), ICJ Reports, 1980  Case Concerning Avena and other Mexican Nationals (Mexico v. USA), March 31, 2004  Le Grand Case

B. International Organizations 1. The UN Charter & the Use of Force  Arts. 2(3), 2(4), 24(1), 25, 23(1), 27(3), UN Charter  Higgins, Chapters 10, 14 & 15 Cases:  Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. US), ICJ Reports, 1986  Legality of the Use by a State of Nuclear Weapons, ICJ Reports, 1966  Legality of the Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. US), 38 ILM 1199  The Relationship between the UN Charter and General International Law regarding non-use of force: The Case of NATO’s air campaign in the Kosovo Crisis of 1999, Shinya Murase  The Caroline Case 8|Page

 Case Concerning Oil Platforms (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America), December 12, 1996  Humanitarian Intervention  Right to Protect 2. The War on Terror, ISIS and asymmetrical warfare  Lagman v. Executive Secretary 1. International Court of Justice  Arts. 92, 93, 94, 96, UN Charter  Arts. 1, 34(1), 35(1), ICJ Statute a. Applicable Law  Arts. 38 & 59, ICJ Statute  The Security Council under Chapter VII of the UN Charter: Problems under the Rule of law, H. Harry L. Roque, Jr. b. Jurisdiction  Art. 36(1), (2) & (3), ICJ Statute c. Advisory Opinions  Higgins, Chapter 11 d. Ethics: Ban on ICJ judges in Investor-State Arbitration Is Moonlighting a Problem? The role of ICJ Judges in Investor-State Arbitration, International Institute for Sustainable Development Report (2017). At https://www.iisd.org/sites/default/files/publications/icj-judges-isdscommentary.pdf ICJ President Abdulqawi A. Yusuf, Speech to the UN General Assembly, 25 October 2018 At https://www.icj-cij.org/files/pressreleases/0/000-20181025-PRE-02-00-EN.pdf

Cases on Jurisdiction:  Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. US), ICJ Reports, 1986 Lockerbie Case (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. USA), ICJ Reports, 1988 ELSI Case, ICJ Reports, 1989 South West Africa Cases, ICJ Reports, 1966 Nauru v. Australia, ICJ Reports, 1992 Case Concerning East Timor (Portugal v. Australia), ICJ Reports, 1995  ITLOS: jurisdictional issue in the SCS arbitral tribunal Cases on Provisional Measures:  Bosnia Case (Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro)), February 26, 2007  Lockerbie Case (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. USA), ICJ Reports, 1988 Cases on Dispute:  Admissions Case (Conditions of Admission of a state to membership in the United Nations), ICJ Reports, May 28, 1948 9|Page

 Free Zones Case (Case of the Free Zones of Upper Savoy and the District of Gex), PCIJ Ser. A/B. No. 45, June 7, 1932  Marvrommatis Case, PCIJ Ser. A, No. 2, 1924  UN Headquarters Advisory Opinion (Applicability of the Obligation to Arbitrate under Sec. 21 of the UN Headquarters Agreement of June 26, 1947), ICJ Reports, April 26, 1988 Cases on Advisory Opinions:  Legality of the Use by a State of Nuclear Weapons in Armed Conflict (WHO Request), ICJ Reports, 1996  Monetary Gold Case (Monetary Gold Removed from Rome in 1943 (Italy v. France, UK of Great Britain & Northern Ireland, & the USA)), ICJ Reports, June 15, 1954  Certain Expenses of the UN, ICJ Reports, 1962  Western Sahara Case, ICJ Reports, 1975  Botswana v. Namibia (Case Concerning kasikili/Sedudu Island), ICJ Reports, 1999  Status of Eastern Carelia (Finland v. Russia), PCIJ Ser. B, No. 5, July 23, 1923  Advisory Opinion on the Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territories C. The Individual 1. Human Rights (Report)  Higgins, Chapter 6  David Kennedy,The International Human Rights Movement: Part of the Problem?

 Bagares, Chapter 4 2. Civil Society Rainbow Warrior Arbitration 3. International Criminal Law a. Nuremberg Tribunal (Report) b. Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal (Report) c. 1949 Geneva Conventions d. 1978 Additional Protocol to the Geneva Convention e. Security Council Resolution No. 827 (Yugoslavia War Crimes Tribunal) f. Security Council Resolution No. 955 (Rwanda War Crimes Tribunal) g. 1998 Rome Convention on the International Criminal Court Cases:  Advisory Opinion on the Legality of Nuclear Weapons (WHO Request), ICJ Reports, 1996  Yugoslavia War Crimes Tribunal Decision on Tadic, July 15, 1999 (www.un.org/icyt/ pressreal/tad-sumj99)  Yamashita v. Styer, 75 Phil 563  Dizon v. Commanding General (Report)  Grace Poe Case (Right of Foundlings)  Kiobel v. Shell 569 U. S. 108,  Jesner v. Arab Bank 3. UN Human Rights Protection System

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 Brownlie, Chapter 24  Higgins, Chapter 8 Cases: Texaco v. Libya, 17 ILM or 53 ILR 389, 1978  BP v. Libya, 53 ILR 279  Saudi Arabia v. Arabian American Oil Company, 27 ILR 117 Chorzow Factory Case, PCIJ Ser. A, No. 17, 1928 LIAMCO v. Libyan Arab Republic, 62 ILR 140 Starrett Housing Case, 4 Iran-US Claims Tribunal Report  Kuwait v. Aminoil, 66 ILR 518  Sapphire Case, 35 ILR 136

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When Lawful  Starrett Housing Case, 4 Iran-US Claims Tribunal Report  AMOCO Case (US v. Iran), 27 ILM 1314  Phillips Petroleum Company Iran, v. The Islamic Republic of Iran, and The National Iranian Oil, 21 Iran-US Claims Report  La Bugal Case  PIATCO case

a. WTO  The Philippines and the WTO: Survey of Current Practices with Emphasis on Anti-Dumping, Countervailing Duties and Safeguard Measures, H. Harry L. Roque, Jr. Cases:  Bautista Paper (Amicus Memorandum of Ambassador Lilia Bautista), GR No. 118295, August 1996  Tañada v. Angara, GR No. 118925, May 2,1997 Appellate Body Reports:  Japan—Taxes on alcoholic beverages, October 4, 1996  Korea—Taxes on alcoholic beverages, January 18, 1999  European Communities—Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos-Containing Products, March 12, 2001  United States—Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline, April 29, 1996  European Communities—Anti-Dumping Duties on Imports of Cotton-type Bed Linen from India, April 8, 2003

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