Physiology Of The Female Reproductive System

Physiology of the Female Reproductive System The Third Hospital of Zhengzhou University Kong Hongxia

Part Ⅰ The several stages of all woman’s life Neonatal period: <4 weeks after birth Childhood: 4 weeks to 12 years old Adolescence （ puberty ）： 13 to 18 years old Body developes rapidly. Secondary sexual characteristics :tone, breast, figure, pelvic ,hair

Secondary Sexual signs

Menstuation Definition: menstruation is the periodic shedding and bleeding of the endometrium Menarche:11-18 years old Cycle:28-30days Duration:3-7 days Amount:30-80ml Characteristics: dark red, liquid,not coagulated. Menopause:45-55 years old.

Sexual maturity:30 years after puberty periodic changes of breasts and reproductive organs. Peri-menopausal period:40-60 years old reproductive organs atrophy. Senility:the age after 60 years old

Part Ⅱ Cyclic changes of reproductive organs Ovarian cycle Ovary produces the ovum Developement and maturation of follicle Ovulation Corpus luteum Corpus Albicans Ovary secretes sexual hormones Estrogen ,progestin ， androgen

Hormones Functions

Estrogen

External reproductive organs

Development

Vaginal epithelium

grow

Scale

uterus

Myometrium

Promotting contaction

Inhibiting contraction

Endometrium

proliferation

secretion

Amount

Increase

Decrease

Texture

Thin

Thick

To be drown out in strands

long

Short

Frequency of contraction

↓

↑

secretion

↑

↓

Cervical secretion

Oviduct

Ovary

Develop

Progestin

Hormones functions Breast development Water and sodium metabolism

Estrogen

Progestin

Duct cell retention

Gland cell Excretion

Calcium metabolism

Deposition in bone

Temperature Fead-back regulation

Small-N. large-P;

↑ +E. N.

Note: ① Progestin plays its role based on estrogen. ② The relation between P and E is rivalry or synergism.

 Periodic Changs of Endometrium Menstrual Phase Proliferate Phase

Secretory Phase

Menstrual cycle

1th~4th

5th~14th

15th~28th

Sexual hormones

E

E

E.+P.

Endometrium

Degenerate, scale;

thin

Thicker

Glands

Narrow, tubuler, straight;

Longer,more, tortuous

Glanduar epithelium

Low columnar

Taller columuar

Stroma

compact

Edema

tortuous

More tortuous

Spiral arteries

Bleeding

Periodic Changs of other Reproductive Organs Menstrual cycle

1th~14th

15th~28th

Ovary

Follicle phase, ovulation

Leteum phase

Sexual hormones

E

E+P

Endometrium

Menstrual phase

Secretory phase

Proliferate phase Cervical secretion

More, thin, fern

Little, thick, ellipse corpus

Oviduct contraction

decrease

Increase

Vaginal epithelium

grow

Scale

BBT

Increase 0.3~0.5℃

Cerebral cortex Hypothalamus Pituitary

Pituitary hormones Ovarian hormones Ovarian cycle

endometrium Vaginal smear Cervical mucus crystal BBT

Part Ⅲ Control of Menstrual cycle Hormones and Funetions of Hypothalamo-pituitaryOvarian Axis （ Sexual Axis ） Cerebral cortex Hypothalamus

Noradrenaline (-) (+) GnRH (+)

Pituitary

Ovary

FSH 、 LH (+) (+) (-) (-) A E P

Dopamine (+) PIH (-) PRL

Breast

Genital Organs

Menstrual Regulation A little of FSH, LH

FSH, LH highest

FSH, LH

Follicle developement

E

Pituitary

Ovulation Corpus luteum form

Endometrium into proliferate phase

E,P

Corpus E,P albicans form

Endometrium into secretory phase Pituitary

Endometrium into menstrual phase