Pharma Cards

Generic Name: Pregabalin Brand Name:Lyrica Classification: Analgesic, antiepileptic, calcium channel modulator. Indication: • • • •

management of acute pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy; management of post anesthetic neuralgia; adjunct theraphy for adults with partial onset of seizures; management for fbromyalgia

Action: Blokcs to alpha2-delta sites on the nerves in the CNS, which reduces the calcium influx into the cell and decreases the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, resulting in less stimulation of the nerve; in lab studies, it also increases the transport and density of GABA, which is known to suppress nerve activity Side Effects/ Adverse Effects:

• • •

CNS: Dizziness, somnolence, neuropathy, ataxia, confusion, euphoria, incoordination,vision abnormalities, tremors, thinking abnormalities GI: Dry mouth, constipation, flatulence Other: Peripheral edema, weight gain, hypoglycemia, back pain, chest pain, infection, creatinine kinase elevations, loss of fertility (male)

Dosage: Capsules—25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 225, 300 mg Contraindications: hypersensitivty, lactation. Nurse’s Responsibility: • • • • • •

Do not administer this drug after a fatty or large meal, absorption can be affected. Do not stop taking this drug suddenly; dosade should be adjusted to avoid adverse effects. Provide safety measures if dizziness, somnolence, changes in thingking occur. Monitor weight gan and fluid retention. Encourage women of child bearing age to use contraceptives while on this drug because the effect of teh drug on a fetus are unknown. Advise women who are nursing to find other method of feeding the baby.

Generic Name: Omeprazole Brand Name: Losec; Prilosec. Classification: Proton pump inhibitor, antisecretory drug

Action: Gastric-acid pump inhibitor: suppresses gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of the hydrogenpotassium ATPase enzyme system at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells; blocks the final step of acid production. Indication: • • • •

Short-term treatment of active duodenal cancer Short-term treatment of active benign gastric ulcer Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori First-line therapy for treatment of heartburn or symptoms of GERD.

Dosage: DR capsules—10, 20, 40, ; DR Tablets—20 mg (OTC); powder for oral suspension—20,40 mg/packet Contraindications: hypersensitivity, pregnancy, lactation Side Effects/ Adverse Effects: • • • •

CNS; headache, dizziness, asthenia, vertigo, insomnia, apathy, anxiety, paresthesias, dream abnormalities Dermatologic: rash, inflammation, urticaria, pruritus, alopecia, dry skin GI: diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation, dry mouth, tongue atrophy Respiratory: URI symptoms, cough, epistaxis

Nurse’s Responsibility: Assessment: • •

History :hypersensitivity to omeprazole or any of its components; pregnancy, lactation Physical: skin lesions; reflexes; urinary output; abdominal examination; respiratory auscultation

Interventions: • Administer before meals. • Administer antacids with, if needed. • Have regular medical follow-up visits. • Report severe headache, worsening of symptoms, fever, chills. • Administer before meals. Caution patient to swallow capsules whole—not to open, chew or crush them. If using oral suspension, empty pack into a small cup containing 2 tbsp fo water. Stir and have patient drink immediately; fill dup with water and have patient drink this water. Do not use any other diluent. • Administer antacids with, if needed.

Generic Name: Tramadol Hydrochloride Brand Name: Dolcet Classification: analgesic (centrally acting) Indication: management of moderate to moderately severe pain. Extended release tablets are used for moderate to moderately severe chronic pain in adults who require continuous treatment for an extended period. Action: Tramadol is a centrally-acting analgesic compound. At least 2 complementary mechanisms appear applicable, binding of parent and M1 metabolite to m-opioid receptors and weak inhibition of reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. Paracetamol is another centrally-acting analgesic. The exact site and mechanism of its analgesic action is not clearly defined.

Side Effects/ Adverse Effects: • CNS & GI disturbances. Nausea, dizziness, somnolence. Asthenia, fatigue, hot flushes, constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, dry mouth, pruritus, increased sweating, tinnitus. Dosage: Tablets-- 50 mg. Tablets (extended release): 100, 200, and 300 mg Contraindications: hypersensitivity, acute intoxication with alcohol; pregnancy and lactation Nurse’s Responsibility: • Control environment (temperature, lighting) if sweating or CNS effect occcure. •

Report severe nausea, dizzines, severe constipation.

Generic Name: Vitamin B complex Brand Name: Neurobion Classification: Vitamins and Minerals Indication: Pernicious anemia Action: A coenzyme that stimulate metabolic function and is needed for cell replication, hematopoiesis, and nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis. Side Effects/ Adverse Effects:

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CV: peripheral vascular thrombosis, heart failure.

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GI: transient diarrhea.

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Respi: pulmonary edema.

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Skin: itching, transitory exanthema, urticaria.

• Other: anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid reactions with parenteral administration, pain or burning at injection site.

Dosage: tablets—500mg Contraindications: hypersensitive to vitamin B12 or cobalt., early Leber’s disease Nurse’s Responsibility

• Determine reticulocyte count, hct, Vit. B12, iron, folate levels before beginning therapy. •

Obtain a sensitivity test history before administration

Generic Name: Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Tablets Brand Name: Augmentin Classification: Antibiotic (Penicillin) Indication:

• Infections due to ß-lactamase-resistant infections where amoxycillin alone is inappropriate - e.g. staphs, E. coli strains, H. influenzae strains •

Bacteroides and Klebsiella species

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Respitratory tract infections

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Genito-urinary infections

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Abdominal infections

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Cellulitis

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Animal bites

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Severe dental infections

Action: • amino penicillin that inhibits cell- wall synthesis during bacterial multiplication. Bacteria resist amoxicillin by producing penicillinases (enzymes that hydrolyze amoxicillin)

Side Effects/ Adverse Effects:

• Allergic reactions : itching, rashes, fever, angioneurotic oedema, anaphylaxis (1 in 50,000 to 100,000), Cross-allergy with other penicillins, Partial cross-allergy with cephalosporins (10%) •

Hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice

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Erythema multiforme (including Stevens-Johnson)

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Toxic epidermal necrolysis; exfoliative dermatitis

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Diarrhoea, vomiting

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Neutropenia

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Anemia

Dosage: Contraindications: hypersensitivity Nurse’s Responsibility: • Take Augmentin by mouth with or without food. If stomach upset occurs, take with food to reduce stomach irritation. • To clear up your infection completely, take Augmentin for the full course of treatment. Keep taking it even if you feel better in a few days. • If you miss a dose of Augmentin , take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.