Phantom Loads

Groton Local Energy Seminar Series # 4: R ed u cing P ow er C onsu mp tion of Ligh ts, Electronics, & H ou seh old A p p liances 12-D e c -0 7 L a w re n c e A c a d e m y L e o L a v e rd u re P r e s e n ta tio n a v a ila b le a t: h ttp ://g r o to n lo c a l.o r g /s e m in a r .s h tm l E m a i l : l e o l a v 123 @ c h a r t e r . n e t

Topics • W h y b oth er? • R ed u cing electricity consu mp tion –L ig h ts – E l e c t r o n i c s ( i n c l u d i n g “P h a n t o m –H o u s e h o ld a p p lia n c e s

L o a d s ”)

• Some th ou gh ts f or h olid ay gif ts

W h y b ot h e r ? • H u g e g lo b a l c h a lle n g e s :

– G l o b al w ar m i n g : c l i m at e c h an g e / d i s r u p t i o n / c h ao s – P e ak i n g o f f o s s i l f u e l s : o i l & g as ( c o al , t o o )

• T h e re s p o n s e :

– L o w e r c o n s u m p tio n o f e n e r g y

• C o n s e r v a tio n : u s e le s s • E ffic ie n c y : d o m o r e w ith w h a t w e u s e ( b u t b e w a r e th e e ffic ie n c y p a r a d o x )

– S w i t c h t o r e n e w ab l e s o u r c e s

• A d d itio n a l b e n e fit: s a v e $ $ • I s t h i s j u s t “r e a r r a n g i n g d e c k c h a i r s ”?

Climate change is a “r eal, r ising, imminent and u niv er sal” thr eat to the f u tu r e o f the E ar th. “O u r w o r ld is sp inning o u t o f k ilter . T he v er y w eb o f lif e o n w hich w e d ep end is b eing r ip p ed and f r ay ed .

“W e, the hu man sp ecies, ar e co nf r o nting a p lanetar y emer gency — a thr eat to the su r v iv al o f o u r civ iliz atio n that is gather ing o mino u s and d estr u ctiv e p o tential ev en as w e gather her e. “B u t, ther e is ho p ef u l new s as w ell: w e hav e the ab ility to so lv e this cr isis and av o id the w o r st — no t all — o f its co nseq u ences, if w e act b o ld ly , d ecisiv ely and q u ick ly . ”

Al Gore, Nobel Peace Prize lecture, 10-D ec-07 , O s lo

Energy & Electricity Use in US b y S e c to r

Energy Use by Sector

El ectri ci ty Use by Sector

Source: Massachusetts Technology Collaborative (MTC)

Energy Use in US b y H o m e T y p e

Energy Use f or Si ngl e-F a m i l y H om es

Energy Use f or M u l ti -F a m i l y H om es

Source: Massachusetts Technology Collaborative (MTC)

E n e r g y S ou r ce s M a ss Energy by F u el T yp e

M a ss R enew a bl e El ectri ci ty Sou rces

Source: Massachusetts Technology Collaborative (MTC)

G r ot on E l e ct r ic E n e r g y S ou r ce s ? ?

G r ot on E l e ct r icit y C on su m pt ion

Groton Electric Residential Customers A v erag e M in & M ax M onth s U sag e 1 1 8 3

1 2 00

1 6 0 1 4 0

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6 00 4 00

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1 00 8 0

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6 0

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2

e m ission s?

C oh a sset H i gh Sch ool ’s 1 ( m etri c) T on of C O 2 C u be

• A verage em ission f or each U S resid ent in 18.6 days, or f or each household (of 2 . 6 p eop le) in 7 .2 days! • I nclud es our share of total econom y

• 2 7 f t. p er sid e

• D om estic electricity use in G roton em its about 6 . 6 m T CO 2 p er year p er resid ence (~ 1 3 % of total em issions) • 1 K W H

~ = 1 . 3 lbs CO

2

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Time for Action:

Reducing our Consumption of Electricity

• Ligh ting • Electronics • Large electric ap p liances

W h ere d o es th is inf o co m e f ro m ? • O w n ex p erience

–M e a s u r in g ( & e s tim a tin g )c o n s u m p tio n –P r io r itiz in g & im p le m e n tin g c h a n g e s • L ife s ty le • H o u s e h o ld s y s te m s

–T r a c k in g r e d u c tio n s

• Local ex p erience/ ex p ertise • P u b lish ed d ata/ ex p ertise

–D e v ic e s p e c s /ta g s , b o o k s , m a g a z in e s , o n lin e

U se f u l t ool s Electric Bills

L ig h t s • 49% o f r e s • E as y s av i n little o r n o • H u g e im p r

i d e n t i al e l e c t r i c i t y c o n s u m p t i o n ! ? g s ( C O 2 & $ ) , l o w i n v e s t m e n t , q u i c k p ay b ac k , in c o n v e n ie n c e o v e m e n ts in C F L s

– Q u a l i t y o f l i g h t , s i z e s & s h a p e s , s t a r t -u p t i m e , d i m m a b i l i t y , a v a ila b ility , c o s t – 25 % o f w a t t a g e o f e q u i v a l e n t l y b r i g h t i n c a n d e s c e n t – R e c y c le b e c a u s e o f ( m in o r ) m e r c u r y c o n te n t

• L E D s h av e s am e e f f i c i e n c y o f C F L s b u t c o s t c o n s i d e r ab l y m o r e ; a f e w g o o d ap p l i c at i o n s • N o -b r ai n e r s av i n g s : t u r n o u t t h e l i g h t s w h e n n o t n e e d e d ! – M a n u a l, lig h t s e n s o r , m o v e m e n t s e n s o r , tim e r , c o n tr o l c e n te r

C F L s com e of a g e I n c an d e s c e n t

v s .

C F L

6 0 w at t s

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1 5 w at t s

2 5 ¢-$ 1

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$ 2

1 ,0 0 0 h o u rs

L i f e s p an

1 0 ,0 0 0 h o u rs

$ 2 6 2 .8 0

C o s t f o r f i v e y e ar s

$ 6 5 .7 0

( a t 10 ¢ p e r k W )

Tim e m agaz ine, 1 7 -D ec-2 0 0 7

Electro nics

( inclu d ing “P h antom Load s”)

P h an t o m

L o ad : the continuation of an

ap p l iance to d r aw p ow er w hen s w itched “off ” – A ls o c a lle d : e n e r g y v a m p ir e s , s ta n d b y p o w e r , le a k in g e le c tr ic ity – C a u s e d b y :

• inef f iciencies in converting A C into D C electricity • ind icator lights, clock s, etc. on ap p liances • stand by p ow er used f or electronic m em ory or a rem ote …

– A l w a y s a s m a l l a m o u n t p e r d e v i c e ( < 1 t o > 20 w a t t s ) , b u t m u l t i p l i e d b y 24 h r s / d a y f o r m a n y d e v i c e s ( i n m a n y h o m e s ) • E x am p le: Cable box = 2 0 w atts x 2 4 hours = 4 8 0 w att-hours/ d ay or 1 7 5. 2 k w h/ yr =$ 2 2 . 4 3 / yr at $ 0 . 1 2 8 / k w h – F or G roton average rate p ayer = ~ 2 . 5% of electric bill! • 1 w att-year = 2 4 x 3 6 5 / 1 0 0 0 = 8 . 7 6 K W H = $ 1 . 1 2 / yr

P h a n t om

L oa d s: E x a m pl e s

• A n y t h i n g w i t h a “w al l w ar t ” ( A C / D C

t r an s f o r m e r )

– L a p to p s , p h o n e s , c h a r g e r s , to y s , r a d io s , k e y b o a r d s , c a b le m o d e m , r o u te r s /w ir e le s s a c c e s s , p r in te r s , fa x m a c h in e s , …

• A n y t h i n g w i t h a c l o c k o r al w ay s -o n p o w e r i n d i c at o r l i g h t – C a b le b o x , k itc h e n a p p lia n c e s , …

• A n y th in g w ith ar e m o te c o n tr o l

– T V , c a b le b o x , a u d io s y s te m , a ir c o n d itio n e r , fa n , …

• A n y t h i n g y o u t u r n “o f f ” t h at h as a “s t an d b y ” m o d e – – – –

P C T V M o L ig

s ! s , c a b le b o x e s , … t i o n -s e n s i t i v e l i g h t s w i t c h e s , … h t -s e n s i t i v e s w i t c h e s

K ey T est f o r A C / D C A d a p ters: A re th ey w a rm w h en no t in u se? V isib le L ig h t I m a g e

I n f ra red I m a g e

D ia gno sing & Elim ina ting P h a nto m L o a d s

D i ag n o s i n g : • V i s i b l e L E D , w ar m t o t o u c h , i n s t an t o n , … • F i n d ap p l i an c e o n a l i s t o f P h an t o m l o ad s , e . g . : h t t p : / / s t an d b y . l b l . g o v / D at a/ S u m m ar y C h ar t . h t m l • K i l l -a-w at t m e t e r

E lim • U • P • S • T • O • G • M

i n at i n g : n p lu g o w e r -s t r i p s w itc h e d o u tle ts im e r s p e n c i r c u i t b r e ak e r o o d P C p o w e r m g t. ak e s t an d b y p o w e r p ar t o f p u r c h as e d e c i s i o n s – E n e rg y S ta r – E ffic ie n t A C /D C

a d a p te rs

S tandb y P ow er ( w atts) : M i n , A v e r ag e , M ax

http :/ / stand by. lbl. gov/ D ata/ Sum m aryChart. htm l

S tandb y P ow er ( w atts) ( continued) : M i n , A v e r ag e , M ax

http :/ / stand by. lbl. gov/ D ata/ Sum m aryChart. htm l

So m e G lo b a l & N a tio na l Estim a tes f o r P h a nto m L o a d s ( 1 9 9 9 ) O EC D F ra cti on of resi d enti a l el ectri ci ty 5-1 0 % u se ( % ) W a tts p er h om e N a ti ona l ( T W h / yea r) T ota l C O 2 em i ssi ons ( M T / yea r)

50 1 0 0

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J a p a n

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1 2 %

7 %

6 0

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E n e r g y S t a r . g ov Home Electronics •

C o n s u m e r e l e c t r o n i c s > 25 % o f h o u s e h o ld e le c tr ic ity u s e . S a v e En erg y , S a v e M o n ey • T h e s e p ro d u c ts u s e e n e rg y w h e n t h e y 'r e o f f f o r f e a t u r e s lik e c lo c k d is p la y s a n d r e m o te c o n tr o ls . E N E R G Y S T A R p ro d u c ts u s e a s m u c h a s 6 0 % le s s e n e r g y fo r th e s e fu n c tio n s , w h ile p r o v id in g th e s a m e p e r fo r m a n c e a t th e s a m e p r ic e a s l e s s -e f f i c i e n t m o d e l s .

• • •

A n a d E N E R e n e rg A v e ra th a n c O fte n s iz e

a p te r th a t h G Y S T A R y -e f f i c i e n c y g e 3 0 % m o o n v e n tio n a lig h te r a n d

a s e a rn e d th e m e e ts s tr ic t g u id e lin e s r e e ffic ie n t l m o d e ls . s m a lle r in

P C L ap • O • S • S • H

P o w er C o nsu m p tio n Ex a m p les

to p p e r at i n g : 2 2 -3 c re e n o ff: 1 4 W le e p in g : < 1 W i b e r n at i n g / t u r n < 0 .5 W • U n p lu g g e d : 0 W • P o t e n t i al s av i n g af t e r -h o u r s p o w ~ $ 1 5 /y r

5 W e d o ff: s u s in g e r m g t:

D • • • •

e s k s id e , w / 1 7 ”C O p e r at i n g : 1 5 0 W S c re e n o ff: 8 0 W S le e p in g : 7 W H i b e r n at i n g / t u r n < 1 W • U n p lu g g e d : 0 W • P o t e n t i al s av i n g af t e r -h o u r s p o w ~ $ 1 5 0 /y r

R T

e d o ff: s u s in g e r m g t:

S et p ow er ma na g ement op tions on W ind ow s/ X P u sing : -S -C -P M -P

t ar t / o n tro l e rfo rm ai n t e n o w e r O

P an e an c e an c e p tio n

l / an d / s

H ou se h ol d A ppl ia n ce s S a v e En erg y , S a v e M o n ey • T w o p r ic e ta g s fo r a n a p p lia n c e :

1 . w hat you p ay to tak e it hom e 2 . w hat you p ay f or the energy and w ater it uses.

E N E R G Y S T A R a p p l i a n c e s u s e 10 –5 0 % l e s s e n e r g y a n d w a t e r . T h e m o n e y s a v e d o n u tility b ills c a n m o r e th a n m a k e u p fo r a n y e x tr a c o s t o f a m o r e e ffic ie n t E N E R G Y S T A R m o d e l. H elp P ro tect th e En • S im p le a c tio n s c a E N E R G Y S T A R q 1. 7 m i l l i o n a c r e s o • F o r to p p e rfo rm a n f o r e n e r g y -e f f i c i e n r o o m a ir c o n d itio n E N E R G Y S T A R .

v iro n m en t n m a k e a b ig d iffe r e n c e . O n e u a lifie d a p p lia n c e s w o u ld b e f tre e s . c e , p r e m iu m fe a tu r e s , a n d e n t c lo th e s w a s h e r s , r e fr ig e r a to e r s a n d d e h u m id ifie r s th a t h a

i n 10 h o m e s u s i n g e q u iv a le n t to p la n tin g e r g y s a v in g s , lo o k r s , d is h w a s h e r s , v e e a rn e d th e

http :/ / w w w . grotonelectric. org/ calculate. p hp

C l ot h e s W a sh e r • A n E N E R G Y S T A R q u al i f i e d c l o t h e s w as h e r c an sav e y o u – $550 in operating costs a n d – 5, 000 l b s . of C O 2 em issions o v e r its life tim e

• M u c h m o r e i m p o r t an t t o g e t an e f f i c i e n t w as h e r t h an a d r y e r

– t h e h i g h -s p e e d s p i n c y c l e g r e a t l y s h o r t e n s t h e d r y in g tim e – e a s ie r to d r y m a n u a lly th a n w a s h

• W as h e r m u s t al s o p e r f o r m w e l l , e l s e y o u r s av i n g s w i l l d i s ap p e ar i n e x t r a w as h an d r in s e c y c le s

SS uu ww

a a v v eeb b igig : : se secoco ldld a a ter! ter!

R e f r ig e r a t or / F r e e z e r s • E N as • T h in s m e • F o c le c lo

E R G Y S T A R q u al i f i e d r e f r i g e r at o r s r e q u i r e ab o m u c h e n e r g y as m o d e l s m an u f ac t u r e d b e f o r e 1 e y u s e h i g h -e f f i c i e n c y c o m p r e s s o r s , i m p r o v e d u l at i o n , an d b e t t e r t e m p e r at u r e an d d e f r o s t c h an i s m s t o i m p r o v e e n e r g y e f f i c i e n c y . r b e s t p e r f o r m an c e : p l ac e aw ay f r o m h e at , k e e p an , s e al s i n t ac t , ai r c i r c u l at i n g u n d e r n e at h & ar o s e th e d o o r! Current (’9 3 ) m od el: $ 1 0 8 / yr.

u t h al f 9 9 3 .

c o ils u n d ,

E nergyStar m od el: $ 56 / yr.

http :/ / energystar. gov/ ind ex . cf m ? f useaction=ref rig. calculator

O t h e r E n e r g y S t a r A ppl ia n ce s A p p l i an c e D e h u m id ifie r

T y p i c al E n e r g y S t ar E ffic ie n c y 1 0 –2 0 %

T y p i c al A n n u al S av i n g s $ 3 0

D i s h w as h e r

> 4 0 %

$ 1 5

F re e z e r

> 1 0 %

$ 1 0

> 1 0 %

$ 5

3 5 %

$ 1 6

R o o m

A /C

R o o m A i r C l e an e r

N o te s H u m i d i s t at F u l l l o ad s , ai r d r y

C h e s t b e s t

P r e f e r n at u r al v e n t i l at i o n , f an s T y p i c al l y 8 0 0 K W H /y r

T ypica l W a tta ges of V a rious A pplia nces

h ttp ://w w w .e e r e .e n e r g y .g o v /c o n s u m e r /y o u r _ h o m e /a p p lia n c e s /in d e x .c fm /m y to p ic = 1 0 0 4 0 • • • • • • • • •

• • • •

A q u a r i u m = 5 0 –1 2 1 0 W a t t s C lo c k r a d io = 1 0 C o f f e e m a k e r = 9 0 0 –1 2 0 0 C l o t h e s w a s h e r = 3 5 0 –5 0 0 C l o t h e s d r y e r = 1 8 0 0 –5 0 0 0 D i s h w a s h e r = 1 2 0 0 –2 4 0 0 ( u s i n g t h e d r y in g fe a tu r e g r e a tly in c r e a s e s e n e r g y c o n s u m p tio n ) D e h u m id ifie r = 7 8 5 E l e c t r i c b l a n k e t - Single/Double = 6 0 / 1 0 0 F a n s – – – –

C e ilin g = W in d o w F u rn a c e W h o le h

6 5 –1 7 5 = 5 5 –2 5 0 = 7 5 0 o u s e = 2 4 0 –7 5 0

H a i r d r y e r = 1 2 0 0 –1 H e a t e r ( p or t a ble) = C lo th e s ir o n = 1 0 0 0 M ic r o w a v e o v e n = 7

8 7 7 5 –1 5 0

5

0 –1 5 0 0 8 0 0 –1 1 0 0

•

P e rs o n a l c o m p u te r –

–

• • •

• • • • • • •

–

R a R e = 7 T e

– – – – –

C P U -a w a k e / a s le e p = 1 2 0 / 3 0 o r le s s M o n it o r -a w a k e / a s le e p = 1 5 0 / 3 0 o r le s s L a p to p = 5 0

d i o ( s t er eo) = 7 0 –4 0 0 f r i g e r a t o r ( f r os t -f r ee, 1 6 c ubic f eet ) 2 5 le v is io n s ( c o lo r ) 1 9 2 7 3 6 5 3

" = " = " = " -6 F la t s

6 5 –1 1 0 1 1 3 1 3 3 1 " P r o je c t io n = 1 7 0 c re e n = 1 2 0

T o a s t e r = 8 0 0 –1 4 0 0 T o a s te r o v e n = 1 2 2 5 V C R / D V D = 1 7 –2 1 / 2 0 –2 5 V a c u u m c l e a n e r = 1 0 0 0 –1 4 4 0 W a t e r h e a t e r ( 4 0 ga llon) = 4 5 0 0 –5 5 0 0 W a t e r p u m p ( d eep w ell) = 2 5 0 –1 1 0 0 W a t e r b e d ( w it h h ea t er , no c ov er ) = 1 2 0 –3 8 0

O t h e r Th ou g h t s on A ppl ia n ce s • A v o id e n e r g y c o n v e r s io n s . E x a m p le s : – G as r an g e an d c l o t h e s d r y c o s t o f e l e c t r i c v e r s i o n s at – K e e p i n g h e at i n o r o u t o f y m u c h l e s s e x p e n s i v e t h an – G r o u n d -s o u r c e h e at p u m p t e c h n o l o g y t o e x t r ac t h e at o r t r an s f e r i t t o t h e g r o u n d

e r h av e 1 / 3 t h e o t o d ay ’s p r i c e s o u r t h e r m al e n v e ad d i n g o r r e m o v s u s e r e f r i g e r at i o fro m th e g ro u n d ( c o o lin g )

• M u c h le s s e x p e n s iv e th a n e le c tr ic h e a tin g

– L e as t -e x p e n s i v e l i g h t i s d ay l i g h t

p e r at i o n al lo p e is in g it n ( h e at i n g )

L ow -e n e r g y A ppl ia n ce s L ig h tin g :

In fo ta in m e n t:

A p p lia n c e s :

D ecrea sing electricity co nsu m p tio n is p o ssib le

• • • •

So m e energy-sa v ing h o lid a y gif ts C F L 4 -p ac k , < $ 1 0 , m an y s o u r c e s P o w e r s t r i p , $ 5 , m ay s o u r c e s T i m e r / o u t l e t , $ 1 5 , m an y s o u r c e s T he Car b o n B u ster ’s H o me E ner gy H and b o o k , $ 1 0 . 3 6 ,

am az on. com

• C l o t h e s d r y i n g r ac k , $ 1 0 -$ 8 0 + , m an y s o u r c e s h ttp ://w w w .a b u n d a n te a r th .c o m /s to r e /W o o d e n D r y in g R a c k s .h tm l

• K i l l -a-w at t : • T E D : T h e E & d i s p l ay , $ • D u ro th e rm

p lu n e 1 4 T h

g g ab l e e l e c t r i c i t y m o n i t o r , $ 2 5 , k illaw att. com r g y D e t e c t i v e , w h o l e -h o u s e e n e r g y m o n i t o r 0 , theenergyd etective. com e r m al C o o k w ar e , $ 1 6 9 ,

http :/ / w w w . k uhnrik on. com / p rod ucts/ d uro/ group . p hp 3 ? id =3

• E n e r g y -e f f i c i e n t r e f r i g e r at o r , $ 2 5 0 -$ 2 5 0 0 + , m an y s o u r c e s • E n e r g y au d i t , $ 0 - $ $ $ , a f e w s o u r c e s , i n c l u d i n g G E L D • “T he S to r y o f S tu f f ” D V D , $ 1 0 , storyof stuf f . com

O u r g lo b a l fo o d s y s te m fa c e s a c r is is o f u n p r e c e d e n te d s c o p e . T h is c r is is , w h ic h th r e a te n s to im p e r il th e liv e s o f h u n d r e d s o f m illio n s a n d p o s s ib ly b illio n s , c o n s is ts o f fo u r c o llid in g d ile m m a s ,a ll a r is in g fr o m o u r d e p e n d e n c e o n d e p le tin g fo s s il fu e ls : 1 . T h e d ir e c t im p a c ts o n a g r ic u ltu r e o f h ig h e r o il p r ic e s : in c r e a s e d c o s ts fo r a g r ic u ltu r a l fu e ls & c h e m ic a ls ,a n d th e tr a n s p o r t o f fa r m in p u ts a n d o u tp u ts . 2 . A n in d ir e c t c o n s e q u e n c e o f h ig h o il p r ic e s -th e in c r e a s e d d e m a n d fo r b io fu e ls ,s w itc h in g fa r m la n d fr o m fo o d p r o d u c tio n to fu e l p r o d u c tio n . 3 . T h e i m p a c t s o f c l i m a t e c h a n g e a n d e x t r e m e w e a t h e r c a u s e d b y f u e l -b a s e d g r e e n h o u s e g a s e m is s io n s . C lim a te c h a n g e –th e g r e a te s t e n v ir o n m e n ta l c r is is o f o u r tim e –is e n o r m o u s ly c o m p lic a te d b y fo s s il fu e l d e p le tio n . 4 . T h e d e g r a d a tio n o r lo s s o f b a s ic n a tu r a l r e s o u r c e s ( p r in c ip a lly ,to p s o il a n d fr e s h w a te r ) a s a r e s u lt o f u n s u s ta in a b le r a te s a n d m e th o d s o f p r o d u c tio n e n a b le d b y d e c a d e s o f c h e a p e n e r g y . E a c h o f th e s e p r o b le m s is d e v e lo p in g a t a d iffe r e n t p a c e r e g io n a lly , e x a c e r b a te d b y th e c o n tin u a lly e x p a n d in g s iz e o f th e h u m a n p o p u la tio n . T h e r e s u ltin g o v e r a ll fo o d c r is is is lik e ly to b e p r o f o u n d a n d u n p r e c e d e n te d in s c o p e . T h e p r im a r y s o lu tio n to th e o v e r a ll c r is is o f th e w o r ld fo o d s y s te m m u s t b e a p la n n e d r a p id r e d u c tio n in th e u s e o f fo s s il fu e ls in th e g r o w in g a n d d e liv e r y o f fo o d . T h e o r g a n ic m o v e m e n t is u n iq u e ly p o s itio n e d to g u id e th is in e v ita b le t r a n s it io n o f t h e w o r ld 's f o o d s y s t e m s .

R ich ard H ein berg , “W h at W ill W e E at as th e O il R un s O ut? ” T h e L a d y E v e B a l f o u r L e c t u r e , N o v e m b e r 2 2 , 2 007