Personality Development

PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT A. FREUD’S PSYCHOANALYTICAL THEORY a. Phallic phase

B. ERIKSON’S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORIES a. Initiative vs Guilt

C. PIAGET’S THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT a. Pre-operational

D. KOHLBERG’S THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT a. Pre-conventional Level Stage 2 E. FOWLER’S THEORY OF SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT a. Intuitive-Projective F. HAVIGHURST’S THEORY OF

OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS Little boys want to sleep with their mother and become more attached to her. >For the boy, the mother becomes more desired, while the father is the focus of jealousy and rivalry, since he is the one who sleeps with the mother, but still he is one of the main caregivers. The id wants to unite with the mother and kill the father but the ego, based on the reality principle, knows that the father is stronger. The child also feels affectionate towards the father, one of the caregivers, and his feelings are ambivalent. The fear that the father will object to the boy’s feelings is expressed by the id as fear that the father will castrate him. The castration fear is not rational, and occurs in a subconscious irrational level. The child mimics what he sees in the cartoon show he is watching. >Preschoolers learn through play. Play is their "work." Children who are given much freedom and opportunity to initiate imaginative and motor play have their sense of initiative reinforced. Parents who inhibit their children's imaginative play or deride them as silly may cause them to develop a sense of guilt over self-initiated activities. Children usually play the role of a mommy or a daddy when they are playing “bahay-bahayan”. >During the preoperational stage, children become increasingly adept at using symbols, as evidenced by the increase in playing and pretending. Children share their snacks during recess time. >

DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS a. Late childhood