Personality Definitions And Meanings

ANNAI ALAMELU PSYCHOLOGICAL SOLUTION CCENTER ERODE

WELCOMES U

PERSONALITY

CONCEPT,MEANING AND NATURE 



Etymologically the word ‘PERSONALITY’ derived from LATIN word PERSONA which means mask or make up or cover through which an actor plays his role on the stage. Criticism emphasis on outward appearance and observable behavior gives very limited understanding of the individual to whom we are observing.

DEFINITION 







WATSON “Personality is the sum of activities that can be discovered by actual observation over along enough period of time to give reliable information GUILFORD ‘Personality is the unique pattern of traits which distinguishes one individual from another’ EYSENCK ‘PERSONALITY IS THE SUM TOTAL OF ACTUAL BEHAVIOUR PATTERNS OF THE ORGANISM’. PERSONALITY IS THE MORE OR LESS STABLE AND ENDURING ORGANAISATION OF A PERSON’S CHARACTER,TEMPERAMENT ,INTELLECT AND PHYSIUQQUE, WHICH DETERMINE HIS UNIQUE ADJESTNMENT TO THE ENVIRONMENT. CATTELL ‘personality is that which permits a prediction of what a person will do in a given situation’

DEFINITION 

 

MUNN “Personality may be defined as the most characteristic integration of an individual’s structure,modes of behaviour,interest, attitudes, capacites, abilities and aptitudes” Behaviour requires integaration Integration of various traits is found differently in different persons

DEFINITION 

GARDON ALLPORT, ‘Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual, of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustment to his environment.’



Dynamic means that personality is undergoing a constant change and not static fixed permanent Organization means interaction between inherited potentialities (heredity) and environmental influences habits dispositions attitudes Psycho physical internal and external Determine psycho physical system that activates the organism for action or regulate various behavior Each individual employs different methods of adjustment resulting in unique adjustment We can conclude personality is unique and different from one to another



 





CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONALITY   





 



Unique and specific Dyanamic and moving force never fixed and rigid Includes all the behavior pattern i.e.cognative ,conative,and affective and cover conscious semi consciouc and un cons Personality has a structure. It consists of certain dimensions. It’s the combination of inner as well as outer qualities of an individual Personality cannot be judged by only looking at his physical appearance rather it is the study of totality, It’s the combination of id ego and super ego Total quality of behaviour attitudes interest capacities aptitudes and behaviour pattetrn Is the product of Heredity and environment the development of personality is the result of continuous interaction of both

DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITY BIOLOGICAL  DUCTLESS GLANDS  PHYSIQUE 

BODYCHEMISTRY

SOCIAL

DUCTLESS GLANDS 

“PANCRAS



THYROID



ADRENAL GLAND



GONADS



PITUITARY

“PANCRAS 

 



“PANCREAS SEND INSULIN TO THE BLOOD SUGAR DEPENDS UPON INSULIN DEFICIECY OF SUGAR MENTAL POWWER WEAKENED PERSONALITY LESS BALANCED MOOD CHANGED FEAR INCREASES

THYROID 

DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL STRUCTUES AS WELL AS MENTAL DEVELOPMENT



ABSENT SINCE THE VERY BIRTH THE INTELLECT OF THE CHILD DOES NOT OMPROVE MYXOEDEMA LAZINESS MEMORY WEAK EXCESS HIGHT TENSIONS INSTABILITY

 

ADRENAL GLAND     

ADRENALINE SEXUAL TRAITS IN MEN OR WOMEN FEMININE VOICE EMERGENCY ACT R BP ADDISON’ S DISEASE ENTIRE ABSENSE OF ADRENALINE WEAKNESS LETHARGY SEX INTERESET DISAPPEAR BLOCK SKIN LOEW RESIST TOHEAD COLD

PITUITARY 

     



Front part of the pituitary gland increase the activity of other glands Back part control bp and metabolim of water Physical growth Excess 7 to 9 ftn inactive die early age If deficient period of develop midget iinteiiect normal Normal during develop afteer hih hands feet nose kno phyde differences of opinions regardFRONTing a particular definition of the term educational technology Analytical methods of psychology of learning and teaching to the audio-visual communication and mass media technology

GONADS 

 

of Sex hormones-increaseeeeeeeeeeeeee sex interest Man- high pitch in voice Female-development mammary glands mensus,pregnancy and maternal behaviour

PHYSIQUE   

Physical structure Fat men easy going and social Thin persons –self controled ,irritated and unsocial

BODYCHEMISTRY 

   

The chemical elements some reach the body from out side –some are created in the body itself Drugs, intoxicating drugs drunkard deficiency of different vitamins Increase or decrease of the quantity of sugar, sex, intelligence ,ervous system

SOCIAL DETERMINANTS

INFLUENCE OF HOME ON PERSONALITY  INFLUENCE OF SCHOOL ON PERSONALITY  INFLUENCE OF SOCIETY ON PERSONALITY 

INFLUENCE OF HOME ON PERSONALITY 





  



IN THE FAMILY THE RELATION OF CHILD WITH PARENT IS THE MOST INTIMATE.THE CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD IS VERYMUCH INFLUENCED BY BEHAVIOUR OF THE PARENTS EG CHILD BROUGHT UP IN INDIAN FAMILY AND WESTERN FAMILY SAME CULTURE MUCH DIFFERENCE OBSERVED IN THE PARENT CHILD RELATION SHIP LACK OF LOVE AND AFFECTION-REPRESSION INTROVERT DAY DREAMS IN A FAMILY PARENTS SHOW EXCESSIVE AFFECTION-EXCESSIVELY DEPENDENT EXCESSIVELY IGNORED-CONFLICTS PARENTS IDEALS IDENTIFICATION CHILD HAS NATURAL CURIOSITY TOWARDS THE SEX TENDENCY PARENTS SUPPRESS SERVANTS FRIENDS GUILTY CONSCIENCE. ALFRED ADLER BIRTH ORDERYOUNGER CHILD TREATED WITH AFFECTION –OVER DEPENDENT

INFLUENCE OF SCHOOL ON PERSONALITY 



TEACHER AND CLASS FELLOWS MOULD PERSONALITY CHILD TENDS TO IDENTIFY HIMSELF WITH THE TEACHERAND TRIES TO IMITATE HIS WAYS MANNERS AND PERSONALITY TRAITS

INFLUENCE OF SOCIETY ON PERSONALITY 

THERE IS CONSTANT INTERACTION BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCITY AND THIS INTERACTION MOULDS THE PERSONALITY OF THE INDIVIDUALS

TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION 



 

ET CAN PROVIDE ITS SERVICE TO THE TEACHERS LIKE BELOW PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF APPLIANCES,EQUIPMENTS,AND AUDIO VISUAL ,MASS MEDIA TRAINING TO HANDLE THIS MATTERIAL APPLY TO INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP TEACH

CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONALITY    



THE TYPE THEORIES THE TEAIT APPROACH TYPE CUM TRAIT APPROACH PSYCHO SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY PSYCHO SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY

THE TYPE APPROACH 

   

WE can predict about the personality of the individual on the basis of their physical characteristics HIPPOCRATES SHELDON KRESTCHMER JUNG

HIPPOCRATES 

According to Hippocrates the human body consists of four types of fluids .i.e. blood yellow bile, mucus and black bile. The predominance of one of these four types of fluids in one’s body gives him unique characteristics leading to a particular type of personality



Blood

sanguine

active hopeful



Yellow bile

choleric

irritable, angry



Mucus

phelegmatic

cold,calm



Black bile

melancholic

depressed,

KRESTCHMER  





 

E.Krestschmer a german psychiatrist classified human beings on the basis of physsical structure , and attempted to establish relationship between personality characteristics and body type PYKNIC ( Fat bodies) Sociable, easy going and popular ASTHENIC (Lean ans thin) Unsociable, Reserve, sensitive, shy ATHLETIC (balanced body) Energitic and adjustable DYSPLASTIC (mixed type) Good natured

W. H. SHELDON CLASSIFICATION 







Sheldon classified all human beings on the basis of temperament besides the physical structure. ENDOMRPHIC (soft and round) love comfort and food, sociable, affectionate MESOMORPHIC (muscular and strong) energitic, clear and risk taker ECTOMORPHIC (thin and tall) fearful, withdrawing, reserved

CARL JUNG CLASSIFICATION SWISS PSYCHIATRIST 









The most important personality classification done by Jung on the basis of sociability he has accepted two types of people- extroverts and introverts Extroverts-these people more interest in others and like to mix with people of similar temperaments. They are realistic and face problems of life objectively and are always ready to take part –traders ,players, actors, social and political leaders Introverts – as the name suggests ,the mental tendencies of those people are directed ,not outward to people around them, but rather inwards to themselves. of social activity around them Self centered they are busy in their thoughts and they try to impress others only by their thouhts.scientist ,philosophers and poet ambiverts

Differences between introverts and extroverts           

EXTROVERTS INTROVERTS Turned to others turned to themselves Emotion predominates thought predominates Quick determination take some time Quick action decision delayed action on decision Skilled in behavior unskilled in behavior Pay attention to the present to the future Prefer work to thought prefer thought to work Realists idealists Like Objective outlook subjective out look

THE TRAIT THEORY 





TRAIT -IS A QUALITY OR CHARATERISTICS MODE OF BEHAVIOUR WHICH IS CONSISTENTLY SEEN IN AN INDIVIDUAL’S BEHAVIOUR OVER APERIOD OF TIME CHEERFULNESS IS A TRAIT CHERRFUL MAN CONSISTENLY CHEERFUL OVER LONG PERIOD OF TIME IN VARIED SITUATIONS THE CLUSTER OF CHARACTERISTICS IS A TRAIT

PROPERTIES OF TRAIT   

  

SCALABILITY QUANTITATIVELY INFERENCE FROM BEHAVIOUR FLEXIBILITY ;TRIT ARE NOT STATIC. THEY BECOME STABLE WITH MATURITY VARIABILITY ALWAYS UNIVERSALITY FUNCTIONAL UNIT TRAITS ARE HIGHER ORDER HABITS AND MENTAL SETS REDINESS CONSISTSENT

THEORY IN TRAIT APPROACH   

RB CATTELL’S CLASSIFICATION H.J.EYSENCK’S CLASSIFICATION G.W.ALLPORTS TRAIT THEORY

   

RB CATTELL’S CLASSIFICATION OF TRAIT THEORY OF COMMONPERSONALITY TRAITS UNIQUE TRAITS SURFACE TRAITS SS SOURCE TRAITS

PROPERTIES OF TRAITS

USE OF ET IN INDIA

BEFORE 60 S THE TERM ET WAS ALMOST UNKNOWN TO EDU SYSTEM EARLY 60 ET IN PROGRAMMED LEARNING RADIO FOR BROAAD CASTING TV INSTRUCTION DISTANCE EDU