Personality And Roles
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Personality • May be defined as the total pattern of traits and characteristics, of thoughts, emotions, attitudes, values, behaviour and beliefs, and attributes and qualities, and their interactions • Is a stable set of characteristics and tendencies that determine those commonalities and differences in the psychological behaviour (thoughts, feelings and actions) of people that have continuity in time and that may not be easily understand as the sole result of the social and biological pressures of the moment 10/22/08 08:07 AM Dr Ashutosh N Misal
1
The “Big five” personality traits Conscientiousness Emotional Stability Openness to Experience Agreeableness
Extroversion
10/22/08 08:07 AM
Careful, dependable, self disciplined Relaxed, secure, calm
Sensitive, flexible, creative, curious Courteous, good natured, emphatic, caring
Outgoing, talkative, sociable, assertive
Dr Ashutosh N Misal
2
Determinants of personality • • • • • • • • •
Heredity Culture Family Background Experiences in Life Need Pattern Locus of Control Tolerance for Ambiguity Work-Ethic Orientation Self Esteem
10/22/08 08:07 AM
Dr Ashutosh N Misal
3
Overall Personality traits - Eysenck Extroversion Neuroticism Active Irresponsible Practical Social Risk taking Impulsive Expansive Introversion Inactive Restrained Careful Responsible Controlled Reflective Unsocial
10/22/08 08:07 AM
Low self esteem Lack of autonomy Anxiety Guilt Obsessive Unhappy Hypochondria Stability/ Adjustment High self esteem Calm Freedom from guilt Casual Healthy Happy Self-contained
Dr Ashutosh N Misal
4
Types of Personalities • Greek Classification: – – – –
Choleric: Irritable and react with anger Melancholic: depressed and give up Sanguine: optimistic and react well Phlegmatic: calm and try to avoid or evade situation
• Carl Jung: – Extrovert – Introvert – Ambivert
• William Sheldon:
(physique with temperament)
– Endomorphic: overweight, relaxed and sociable and react well to stressors – Messomorphic: strong, muscular, energetic, aggressive, courageous, react well – Ectomorphic: long thin body, large brain, sensitive nervous system, restrained and fearful, manage stress poorly
• Rotter:
(on Locus of Control)
– Internals – Externals
10/22/08 08:07 AM
Dr Ashutosh N Misal
5
Erikson’s Developmental model of personality • Stage 1: • Stage 2: Doubt • Stage 3: • Stage 4: • Stage 5: • Stage 6: • Stage 7: • Stage 8: 10/22/08 08:07 AM
Trust vs Mistrust Autonomy vs Shame and Initiative vs Guilt Industry vs Inferiority Identity vs Role Diffusion Intimacy vs Isolation Generativity vs Stagnation Ego Integrity vs Despair or worthlessness Dr Ashutosh N Misal
6
Professional/ Occupational Parent/ Child/ Uncle Driver
Employee
10/22/08 08:07 AM
Roles an Individual plays
Family person Holidaymaker
Entertainer Reader
Dr Ashutosh N Misal
Sports Person
Shopper 7
Each role has expectations, pressures, rewards, and consequences
Role is a combination of • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
who you are what you know what can you do what you want to do what is important and value to you economic factors social factors who you work for who works for you whom you associate with who associates with you what is expected of you and by whom what you expect of yourself and why prospects and progress situational factors ethical factors specific constrains ( eg legal)
10/22/08 08:07 AM
Dr Ashutosh N Misal
8
Roles are classified into following categories
• General Categories: – Family: mother, father, son, daughter, uncle, aunt, grandparent, niece, nephew, cousin, taxi, cook, teenager, child, consumer, customer, servant, adult etc – Work: defined by job title, profession, training, location, hours of work, freedom, autonomy, direction, creativity etc – Social: neighbour, friend, sportsman, gardener, dog walker, taxi, organizer, servant, consumer – Community: American, Japanese, school governor, customer, councilor, elder etc – Formal: by titles Dr Ashutosh N Misal 10/22/08 08:07 AM
9
Roles are classified into following categories
• Based on Behavioural Aspects: – The Bully: either physical/ psychological; threatening, menacing, abusive, harassing – The Braggart: self publicists; keeping in spotlight always – The Barrack Room Lawyer: leader of informal organization – The Clown or Comedian: safety valve for the group in which they exist; attracts attention, may be irritant or entertaining – The Devil’s Advocate: questions and queries everything and looks for flaws always; may be useful or annoying to management 10/22/08 08:07 AM
Dr Ashutosh N Misal
10
Roles are classified into following categories – The Film Star: looks, acts, sounds, plays the part; always immaculately dressed; has all relevant trappings, problems arise only when asked to be the part – The Eccentric: are accommodated because of their expertise and qualities they bring; sometimes may be done purposefully – Scoutmasters/ Scoutmistress: develop next generation talents for the organization; is accommodated as they maintain equilibrium – The Advocate/ Lobbiest: a chaser of causes; may also be a whiner; has strong moral and ethical principles – The Peacemaker: often adds pollution to the problems that already exist; sees/ hears/ speaks no evil – The Scapegoat: attracts blame for everything that goes wrong; may go out of the way to do the things right in order to gain identity 10/22/08 08:07 AM
Dr Ashutosh N Misal
11
1
The “Big five” personality traits Conscientiousness Emotional Stability Openness to Experience Agreeableness
Extroversion
10/22/08 08:07 AM
Careful, dependable, self disciplined Relaxed, secure, calm
Sensitive, flexible, creative, curious Courteous, good natured, emphatic, caring
Outgoing, talkative, sociable, assertive
Dr Ashutosh N Misal
2
Determinants of personality • • • • • • • • •
Heredity Culture Family Background Experiences in Life Need Pattern Locus of Control Tolerance for Ambiguity Work-Ethic Orientation Self Esteem
10/22/08 08:07 AM
Dr Ashutosh N Misal
3
Overall Personality traits - Eysenck Extroversion Neuroticism Active Irresponsible Practical Social Risk taking Impulsive Expansive Introversion Inactive Restrained Careful Responsible Controlled Reflective Unsocial
10/22/08 08:07 AM
Low self esteem Lack of autonomy Anxiety Guilt Obsessive Unhappy Hypochondria Stability/ Adjustment High self esteem Calm Freedom from guilt Casual Healthy Happy Self-contained
Dr Ashutosh N Misal
4
Types of Personalities • Greek Classification: – – – –
Choleric: Irritable and react with anger Melancholic: depressed and give up Sanguine: optimistic and react well Phlegmatic: calm and try to avoid or evade situation
• Carl Jung: – Extrovert – Introvert – Ambivert
• William Sheldon:
(physique with temperament)
– Endomorphic: overweight, relaxed and sociable and react well to stressors – Messomorphic: strong, muscular, energetic, aggressive, courageous, react well – Ectomorphic: long thin body, large brain, sensitive nervous system, restrained and fearful, manage stress poorly
• Rotter:
(on Locus of Control)
– Internals – Externals
10/22/08 08:07 AM
Dr Ashutosh N Misal
5
Erikson’s Developmental model of personality • Stage 1: • Stage 2: Doubt • Stage 3: • Stage 4: • Stage 5: • Stage 6: • Stage 7: • Stage 8: 10/22/08 08:07 AM
Trust vs Mistrust Autonomy vs Shame and Initiative vs Guilt Industry vs Inferiority Identity vs Role Diffusion Intimacy vs Isolation Generativity vs Stagnation Ego Integrity vs Despair or worthlessness Dr Ashutosh N Misal
6
Professional/ Occupational Parent/ Child/ Uncle Driver
Employee
10/22/08 08:07 AM
Roles an Individual plays
Family person Holidaymaker
Entertainer Reader
Dr Ashutosh N Misal
Sports Person
Shopper 7
Each role has expectations, pressures, rewards, and consequences
Role is a combination of • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
who you are what you know what can you do what you want to do what is important and value to you economic factors social factors who you work for who works for you whom you associate with who associates with you what is expected of you and by whom what you expect of yourself and why prospects and progress situational factors ethical factors specific constrains ( eg legal)
10/22/08 08:07 AM
Dr Ashutosh N Misal
8
Roles are classified into following categories
• General Categories: – Family: mother, father, son, daughter, uncle, aunt, grandparent, niece, nephew, cousin, taxi, cook, teenager, child, consumer, customer, servant, adult etc – Work: defined by job title, profession, training, location, hours of work, freedom, autonomy, direction, creativity etc – Social: neighbour, friend, sportsman, gardener, dog walker, taxi, organizer, servant, consumer – Community: American, Japanese, school governor, customer, councilor, elder etc – Formal: by titles Dr Ashutosh N Misal 10/22/08 08:07 AM
9
Roles are classified into following categories
• Based on Behavioural Aspects: – The Bully: either physical/ psychological; threatening, menacing, abusive, harassing – The Braggart: self publicists; keeping in spotlight always – The Barrack Room Lawyer: leader of informal organization – The Clown or Comedian: safety valve for the group in which they exist; attracts attention, may be irritant or entertaining – The Devil’s Advocate: questions and queries everything and looks for flaws always; may be useful or annoying to management 10/22/08 08:07 AM
Dr Ashutosh N Misal
10
Roles are classified into following categories – The Film Star: looks, acts, sounds, plays the part; always immaculately dressed; has all relevant trappings, problems arise only when asked to be the part – The Eccentric: are accommodated because of their expertise and qualities they bring; sometimes may be done purposefully – Scoutmasters/ Scoutmistress: develop next generation talents for the organization; is accommodated as they maintain equilibrium – The Advocate/ Lobbiest: a chaser of causes; may also be a whiner; has strong moral and ethical principles – The Peacemaker: often adds pollution to the problems that already exist; sees/ hears/ speaks no evil – The Scapegoat: attracts blame for everything that goes wrong; may go out of the way to do the things right in order to gain identity 10/22/08 08:07 AM
Dr Ashutosh N Misal
11
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