CARL RANSOM ROGERS (1902 – 1987)
Born on January 8, 1902 Received his Bachelor’s degree from University of Wisconsin in 1924. Received his Master’s degree from Columbia University in 1928 Received his Ph.D. in Psychotherapy from Columbia University in 1931 Award for “Distinguish Scientific Contribution” by American Psychological Association in 1956 Award for “Distinguish Professional Contributions to Psychology” by the APA in 192 Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize for his work with National Intergroup Conflict in South Africa and Northern Ireland As humanistic thinker he believe that people are fundamentally good Wrote sixteen books and many articles about his theories Ranked #6 of Top Psychologist Was a psychology professor at Ohio State University and University of Chicago Died on February 4, 1987 at the age 85
A Counselling Technique (developed during 1940’s and 1950’s)
Also known as ClientCentered Therapy or Rogerian Therapy is an approach to counselling that requires the client to take an active role in his/her treatment with therapist being nondirective and supportive
To resolve the incongruence of the clients to help them able and be themselves
Rogers followed very similar to belief’s of Maslow Believed that individuals could grow In order to grow, the environment needs to provide genuineness, acceptance, and empathy
Once a person was able to self-actualize. Rogers would refer to them as a fully functioning person. Open to experience
Fulfilled life
Creativity
Existential living
Trust feelings
Five (5) characteristics of FULLY FUNCTIONING PERSON
Defined as “the organized consistent set of perceptions and beliefs about oneself”. The self is our inner personality Influenced by experiences through life Self-concept is influenced by childhood experiences and the evaluation of others Self-concept has three components Self Worth Self Image Ideal Self
Self Worth – also known as self-esteem
Self -Image – How we see ourselves
Self Concept – the person we would like to be
Therapist Client Psychological Contact Client Congruence Therapist Congruence Therapist Unconditional positive regard Therapist emphatic understanding Client perception
Increase the independence and integration of the client Focus on the person, not the problem Create the conditions necessary for positive growth Develop openness, trust in themselves, internal source of evaluation, and willingness to continue growing
Client talk about part of self Client describes feelings but do not recognize them Client talks about self as an object in terms of past experiences Clients accept own feelings Client expresses feelings freely Clients expresses feelings in present Clients trust new experiences and relates to others openly
Listening
Responding
Accepting
Therapy Techniques
Understanding
Respecting
Clients have resources for positive movement Client has capacity to resolve life problems without interpretation and direction from therapist Fully experience the present moment Learn to accept oneself Decide on ways to change Views mental health as a congruence between what one wants to become and what one actually is.
Individual and group counselling Student-centered teaching and learning Anxiety disorders, alcoholism, psychosomatic problems, agoraphobia, interpersonal difficulties, depression, cancer, personality disorders Well suited for early phases of crisis intervention Administration and management and system and institutions