Perception

Perception

Perception The Perceptual process can be defined as a complicated interaction of selection, organization and interpretation. A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.

Sub-process of perception Stimulus Registration Interpretation Feedback

Factors influencing Perception • The Perceiver --Divergent attitudes --Motives --Interests --Past Experiences --Expectations

Factors influencing Perception • The Situation --Time --Work setting --Social setting

Factors influencing Perception • The Target --Novelty --Motion --Sounds --Size --Background --Proximity

Perception One bird flew out of a a window on a a chilly winter day and and sang a very sad song.

Perceptions • The paomnnehel pweor of the hmuan mnid. Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a total mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. amzanig huh?

Person Perceptions • Attribution theory-observe behavior and attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused. • Distinctiveness-one time behavior or recurring. • Consensus-similar situations same behavior. • Consistency-in person’s actions.

Kelley痴Theory of Attribution

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Judging others • Selective perception-selective interpretation on the basis of their interests,background, experience and attitudes. • Halo effect-Drawing a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic.

• Contrast effects- evaluation of a person’s characteristics that are affected by comparison with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics. • Projection-Attributing own characterizes to the person.

• Stereotyping- judging some one on the basis of one’s perceptions of the group to which that person belongs.

Impression Management • The process by which individuals attempt to control the impression others form of them. • Techniques--Conformity --Flattery --Excuses --Favors --Apologies --Association --Acclaiming

Applicant Impression Management

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Application in organizations • Employment Interviews • Performance expectations(self fulfilling prophecy) • Performance Evaluations • Whistle Blowers

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

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Case Analysis • Background • Statement of the Problem(symptom or root) • Problem Analysis • Solutions • Justifications