Perception Sem1
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Perception Sem1 as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 342
- Pages: 13
PERCEPTION
PERCEPTION PERCEPTION PERCEPTION
PERCEPTION •
A PROCESS BY WHICH INDIVIDUALS ORGANIZE AND INTERPRET THEIR SENSORY IMPRESSIONS IN ORDER TO GIVE MEANING TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT.
FACTORS INFLUENCING PERCEPTION PERCEPTION
PERCEIVER •Attitudes •Motives •Interests •Experience •Expectations
TARGET •Novelty •Motion •Sound •Size •Background •Proximity
SITUATION •Time •Work Setting •Social Setting
ATTRIBUTION THEORY WHEN INDIVIDUALS OBSERVE BEHAVIOUR, THEY ATTEMPT TO DETERMINE WHETHER IT IS INTERNALLY OR EXTERNALLY CAUSED
•
FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR •
THE TENDENCY TO UNDERESTIMATE THE INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL FACTORS AND OVERESTIMATE THE INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL FACTORS WHEN MAKING JUDGEMENT ABOUT THE BEHAVIOUR OF OTHERS
SELF SERVING BIAS •
THE TENDENCY OF INDIVIDUALS TO ATTRIBUTE THEIR OWN SUCCESS TO INTERNAL FACTORS AND PUTTING THE BLAME OF FAILURE ON EXTERNAL FACTORS
ATTRIBUTION THEORY •
OBSERVATION: INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
•
INTERPRETATION AND CAUSAL ATTRIBUTION: •
•
•
DISTINCTIVENESS: HIGH = EXTERNAL; LOW = INTERNAL CONSENSUS: HIGH = EXTERNAL; LOW = INTERNAL CONSISTENCY: HIGH = INTERNAL; LOW = EXTERNAL
SHORTCUTS IN JUDGING OTHERS •
SELECTIVE PERCEPTION: People selectively interpret what they see based on their interests, background, experience, and attitudes.
•
PROJECTION: Attributing one’s own character to other people (similar-to-me effect).
SHORTCUTS IN JUDGING OTHERS •
STEREOTYPING: Judging someone on the basis of the perception of the group to which that person belongs.
•
HALO EFFECT: Drawing a general impression about an individual based on a single characteristic.
DECISION MAKING MODELS •
OPTIMIZING MODEL: A decision making model that describes how individuals should behave in order to maximize some outcome.
•
RATIONALITY MODEL: A decision making model that takes into account choices that are consistent and value maximizing.
DECISION MAKING MODELS •
SATISFICING MODEL: A decision making model where the decision maker chooses the first solution that is good enough.
•
BOUNDED RATIONALITY: When individuals make decisions by constructing simplified model that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity.
DECISION MAKING MODELS •
IMPLICIT FAVOURITE MODEL: A decision making model where the decision maker implicitly selects a preferred alternative early in the decision making process and biases the evaluation of all other choices.
PERCEPTION PERCEPTION PERCEPTION
PERCEPTION •
A PROCESS BY WHICH INDIVIDUALS ORGANIZE AND INTERPRET THEIR SENSORY IMPRESSIONS IN ORDER TO GIVE MEANING TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT.
FACTORS INFLUENCING PERCEPTION PERCEPTION
PERCEIVER •Attitudes •Motives •Interests •Experience •Expectations
TARGET •Novelty •Motion •Sound •Size •Background •Proximity
SITUATION •Time •Work Setting •Social Setting
ATTRIBUTION THEORY WHEN INDIVIDUALS OBSERVE BEHAVIOUR, THEY ATTEMPT TO DETERMINE WHETHER IT IS INTERNALLY OR EXTERNALLY CAUSED
•
FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR •
THE TENDENCY TO UNDERESTIMATE THE INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL FACTORS AND OVERESTIMATE THE INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL FACTORS WHEN MAKING JUDGEMENT ABOUT THE BEHAVIOUR OF OTHERS
SELF SERVING BIAS •
THE TENDENCY OF INDIVIDUALS TO ATTRIBUTE THEIR OWN SUCCESS TO INTERNAL FACTORS AND PUTTING THE BLAME OF FAILURE ON EXTERNAL FACTORS
ATTRIBUTION THEORY •
OBSERVATION: INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
•
INTERPRETATION AND CAUSAL ATTRIBUTION: •
•
•
DISTINCTIVENESS: HIGH = EXTERNAL; LOW = INTERNAL CONSENSUS: HIGH = EXTERNAL; LOW = INTERNAL CONSISTENCY: HIGH = INTERNAL; LOW = EXTERNAL
SHORTCUTS IN JUDGING OTHERS •
SELECTIVE PERCEPTION: People selectively interpret what they see based on their interests, background, experience, and attitudes.
•
PROJECTION: Attributing one’s own character to other people (similar-to-me effect).
SHORTCUTS IN JUDGING OTHERS •
STEREOTYPING: Judging someone on the basis of the perception of the group to which that person belongs.
•
HALO EFFECT: Drawing a general impression about an individual based on a single characteristic.
DECISION MAKING MODELS •
OPTIMIZING MODEL: A decision making model that describes how individuals should behave in order to maximize some outcome.
•
RATIONALITY MODEL: A decision making model that takes into account choices that are consistent and value maximizing.
DECISION MAKING MODELS •
SATISFICING MODEL: A decision making model where the decision maker chooses the first solution that is good enough.
•
BOUNDED RATIONALITY: When individuals make decisions by constructing simplified model that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity.
DECISION MAKING MODELS •
IMPLICIT FAVOURITE MODEL: A decision making model where the decision maker implicitly selects a preferred alternative early in the decision making process and biases the evaluation of all other choices.
Related Documents
Perception Sem1
November 2019 14
Sem1
August 2019 27
Perception
November 2019 51
Perception
October 2019 54
Perception
May 2020 35