Peak Oil Show(3) True
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Peak Oil Show(3) True as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 1,186
- Pages: 47
Env Sci 1 Dr. Argete
Paul Michael Almeda Nadine Victoria Eleazar
What do they all have in common?
* Oil is a non-renewable source of energy dominantly composed of hydrocarbons, an organic chemical compound of carbon and hydrogen atoms. It is usually found in reservoirs of sedimentary rocks like limestone and sandstone
Where does oil come from?
Definition • The world’s yearly production of conventional oil, which is a finite source, will reach a high water mark, and then probably remain in plateau for some time before it declines thereafter. • When the peak of oil will occur is still controversial.
Brief History • 1950 • About Marion King Hubbert • Hubbert himself predicted a worldwide peak in 2000. • Figure 1 shows a graph from Hubbert's 1956 paper in which he predicted a peak in 2000 based on worldwide reserve estimates of 1.25 trillion barrels of oil.
Figure 1
Global Condition
Global Oil Reserves • Peak oil predictions depend on accurate knowledge about true oil reserves. However, there is a risk that oil reserves are either understated or overstated. (Minnesota Futurists, 2007) • Proved reserves are those quantities that geological and engineering analysis suggests can be recovered with high probability under existing technological and economic conditions.
Global Oil Reserves • According to BP, a British oil giant, over 60% of the world’s proven oil reserves are in the Middle East. • Figure 2 shows the graph of oil reserves of certain countries in billion barrels as of the end of the year 2007.
Figure 2
The Economist, 2007
Global Oil Reserves • The map of countries with the top oil reserves can be seen in Figure 3.
Figure 3
Global Oil Consumption • Even though the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) ministers are refusing to pump more oil, they are ratcheting up their forecasts for oil demand. OPEC projects that the overall demand for crude oil could reach a level of 113 million barrels per day by 2020. (Money and Markets, 2008)
Global Oil Consumption • Figure 4 shows the graph of the global oil demand from 2006-2008 in million barrels per day.
Figure 4
Figure 4. World Oil Demand for the Years 2006-2008 in Million Barrels per Day (Money and Markets, 2008)
Global Oil Consumption • China • India • U.S.A.
Local Oil Condition • The latest Philippines Oil & Gas Report from BMI forecasts that the country will account for 1.21% of Asia/Pacific regional oil demand by 2011, while providing 0.75% of supply. • Other data • Etc.
Predictions
The Peak Oil Years • The worldwide Hubbert’s Peak will occur; the only question is how soon. Many people believe that (for oil) it will occur within this decade.” (Peak Oil News, n.d.)
The Peak Oil Years • Kenneth Deffeyes • Dr. Colin Campbell – Uppsala Hydrocarbon Depletion Study Group (UHDSG)
The Peak Oil Years • Figure 5 shows specific projections of the peak oil date and the source of projection.
Figure 5
Future Consumption • The problems of oil consumption in the future revolve around two factors: population and the increasing use from developing countries.
Population • More people mean more demands for fuel, energy, plastics and food – all highly dependent on oil. • In the ten years from 2002 to 2012, the world population is expected to rise from 6.23 billion to 6.96 billion, an extra 12% to be fed, supplied and energized.
Developing Countries • The clear omen from this is that oil consumption in Asia is going to increase dramatically in the next few decades and this will outweigh any decrease from Europe and the US.
No Peak Oil
The Implications of Peak Oil
ECONOMIC • From roughly 22 $ per barrel in year 2000, oil prices rose to $122 per barrel in 2008 • In the Philippines, as of June 28, 2008, gasoline prices increased again, now over P60 per liter
–“Energy is the blood of the world, so if oil goes up then other commodities follow”
ECONOMIC •As of May 21, 2008, the 50¢ to P1.50 increase on jeepney and bus fares in NCR was implemented. •Shortly after, another fare hike was implemented effective June 11, 2008.
Price of Oil goes up OIL CRISIS
Price of Food rises FOOD CRISIS
THE FOOD CRISIS • Transportation costs
Price of Oil per Barrel
Transportation Cost
Cost of Food in the market
THE FOOD CRISIS • Fertilizers and pesticides contain petroleum • Without these, the farmers’ yield would be reduced to about 50 %
THE FOOD CRISIS •Due to the rising oil prices, certain crops like corn and sugarcane are converted to biofuels. • The amount of corn needed to produce bioethanol for one SUV tank = amount of corn that can feed one man for 365 days
THE FOOD CRISIS • Other contributing factors – Natural events such as heavy rains and drought affect farmers’ yield. – Trade restrictions implemented to protect own nations
• Nations dependent on trading suffer the most! – Usually these are the poorer nations such as those from sub-Saharan Africa
THE FOOD CRISIS As it is, 854 million or 1/6 of the total world population doesn’t have enough to eat.
OIL WARS • In the 1970's, 2/3 of the world's drilling sites were in the United States BUT this didn't mean that the of oil extracted in each site was abundant. • At that time, the number of drilling sites in Latin America, a sedimentary rich area, was just equal to the number of sites in Texas, USA.
US IRAQ WAR • According to USBaghdad Ambassador Ryan Crocker, under the “right” management, Iraq could become the world’s leading oil producer.
RESPONDING TO PEAK OIL • Nations should strive to be less oil dependent so if the oil supply actually reaches its limits, economies won't crash with it. • Alternative Sources of Energy – used to be “expensive” relative to oil. Now, they're gaining more popularity because of the skyrocketing oil prices.
SOLAR POWER • Method 1 - photovoltaic or solar cell and solar panels, which converts sunlight into electricity • Method 2 - use solar energy to boil water. The resulting steam from this is used to turn turbines which produce electricity.
SOLAR POWER • Sun emits 1000 watts of energy per square meter of the earth • If we can properly harness solar power, we can enjoy energy for free!
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY • Constant and inexhaustible source of energy from the earth • Philippines is rich in volcanic sites
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY 1. Natural Volcanism Energy from the Earth
geysers
Turns turbine
Electricity!
2. Artificial Volcanism 2 parallel holes drilled
Cold water is Pumped to hole 1
Rxn!
Steam rises in hole 2 Turns turbine
Electricity!
BIOFUELS • Scientists suggest switching to switchgrass, a cellulosic waste plant for the the production of biofuels • Switchgrass yields more bioethanol • Staple food like corn would be allotted for food consumption
OTHER ALTERNATIVES
CONSERVING ENERGY • Distributed Work • Using public transportation – Transportation fuel accounts for 70% of the world’s oil consumption, of about 85 million bbl of oil per day
• Walking/biking
Paul Michael Almeda Nadine Victoria Eleazar
What do they all have in common?
* Oil is a non-renewable source of energy dominantly composed of hydrocarbons, an organic chemical compound of carbon and hydrogen atoms. It is usually found in reservoirs of sedimentary rocks like limestone and sandstone
Where does oil come from?
Definition • The world’s yearly production of conventional oil, which is a finite source, will reach a high water mark, and then probably remain in plateau for some time before it declines thereafter. • When the peak of oil will occur is still controversial.
Brief History • 1950 • About Marion King Hubbert • Hubbert himself predicted a worldwide peak in 2000. • Figure 1 shows a graph from Hubbert's 1956 paper in which he predicted a peak in 2000 based on worldwide reserve estimates of 1.25 trillion barrels of oil.
Figure 1
Global Condition
Global Oil Reserves • Peak oil predictions depend on accurate knowledge about true oil reserves. However, there is a risk that oil reserves are either understated or overstated. (Minnesota Futurists, 2007) • Proved reserves are those quantities that geological and engineering analysis suggests can be recovered with high probability under existing technological and economic conditions.
Global Oil Reserves • According to BP, a British oil giant, over 60% of the world’s proven oil reserves are in the Middle East. • Figure 2 shows the graph of oil reserves of certain countries in billion barrels as of the end of the year 2007.
Figure 2
The Economist, 2007
Global Oil Reserves • The map of countries with the top oil reserves can be seen in Figure 3.
Figure 3
Global Oil Consumption • Even though the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) ministers are refusing to pump more oil, they are ratcheting up their forecasts for oil demand. OPEC projects that the overall demand for crude oil could reach a level of 113 million barrels per day by 2020. (Money and Markets, 2008)
Global Oil Consumption • Figure 4 shows the graph of the global oil demand from 2006-2008 in million barrels per day.
Figure 4
Figure 4. World Oil Demand for the Years 2006-2008 in Million Barrels per Day (Money and Markets, 2008)
Global Oil Consumption • China • India • U.S.A.
Local Oil Condition • The latest Philippines Oil & Gas Report from BMI forecasts that the country will account for 1.21% of Asia/Pacific regional oil demand by 2011, while providing 0.75% of supply. • Other data • Etc.
Predictions
The Peak Oil Years • The worldwide Hubbert’s Peak will occur; the only question is how soon. Many people believe that (for oil) it will occur within this decade.” (Peak Oil News, n.d.)
The Peak Oil Years • Kenneth Deffeyes • Dr. Colin Campbell – Uppsala Hydrocarbon Depletion Study Group (UHDSG)
The Peak Oil Years • Figure 5 shows specific projections of the peak oil date and the source of projection.
Figure 5
Future Consumption • The problems of oil consumption in the future revolve around two factors: population and the increasing use from developing countries.
Population • More people mean more demands for fuel, energy, plastics and food – all highly dependent on oil. • In the ten years from 2002 to 2012, the world population is expected to rise from 6.23 billion to 6.96 billion, an extra 12% to be fed, supplied and energized.
Developing Countries • The clear omen from this is that oil consumption in Asia is going to increase dramatically in the next few decades and this will outweigh any decrease from Europe and the US.
No Peak Oil
The Implications of Peak Oil
ECONOMIC • From roughly 22 $ per barrel in year 2000, oil prices rose to $122 per barrel in 2008 • In the Philippines, as of June 28, 2008, gasoline prices increased again, now over P60 per liter
–“Energy is the blood of the world, so if oil goes up then other commodities follow”
ECONOMIC •As of May 21, 2008, the 50¢ to P1.50 increase on jeepney and bus fares in NCR was implemented. •Shortly after, another fare hike was implemented effective June 11, 2008.
Price of Oil goes up OIL CRISIS
Price of Food rises FOOD CRISIS
THE FOOD CRISIS • Transportation costs
Price of Oil per Barrel
Transportation Cost
Cost of Food in the market
THE FOOD CRISIS • Fertilizers and pesticides contain petroleum • Without these, the farmers’ yield would be reduced to about 50 %
THE FOOD CRISIS •Due to the rising oil prices, certain crops like corn and sugarcane are converted to biofuels. • The amount of corn needed to produce bioethanol for one SUV tank = amount of corn that can feed one man for 365 days
THE FOOD CRISIS • Other contributing factors – Natural events such as heavy rains and drought affect farmers’ yield. – Trade restrictions implemented to protect own nations
• Nations dependent on trading suffer the most! – Usually these are the poorer nations such as those from sub-Saharan Africa
THE FOOD CRISIS As it is, 854 million or 1/6 of the total world population doesn’t have enough to eat.
OIL WARS • In the 1970's, 2/3 of the world's drilling sites were in the United States BUT this didn't mean that the of oil extracted in each site was abundant. • At that time, the number of drilling sites in Latin America, a sedimentary rich area, was just equal to the number of sites in Texas, USA.
US IRAQ WAR • According to USBaghdad Ambassador Ryan Crocker, under the “right” management, Iraq could become the world’s leading oil producer.
RESPONDING TO PEAK OIL • Nations should strive to be less oil dependent so if the oil supply actually reaches its limits, economies won't crash with it. • Alternative Sources of Energy – used to be “expensive” relative to oil. Now, they're gaining more popularity because of the skyrocketing oil prices.
SOLAR POWER • Method 1 - photovoltaic or solar cell and solar panels, which converts sunlight into electricity • Method 2 - use solar energy to boil water. The resulting steam from this is used to turn turbines which produce electricity.
SOLAR POWER • Sun emits 1000 watts of energy per square meter of the earth • If we can properly harness solar power, we can enjoy energy for free!
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY • Constant and inexhaustible source of energy from the earth • Philippines is rich in volcanic sites
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY 1. Natural Volcanism Energy from the Earth
geysers
Turns turbine
Electricity!
2. Artificial Volcanism 2 parallel holes drilled
Cold water is Pumped to hole 1
Rxn!
Steam rises in hole 2 Turns turbine
Electricity!
BIOFUELS • Scientists suggest switching to switchgrass, a cellulosic waste plant for the the production of biofuels • Switchgrass yields more bioethanol • Staple food like corn would be allotted for food consumption
OTHER ALTERNATIVES
CONSERVING ENERGY • Distributed Work • Using public transportation – Transportation fuel accounts for 70% of the world’s oil consumption, of about 85 million bbl of oil per day
• Walking/biking
Related Documents
Peak Oil Show(3) True
November 2019 20
Peak Oil
November 2019 24
Da Peak Oil
December 2019 26
Peak Oil Exposed
December 2019 27
Peak Oil Explained
May 2020 20