معابد النوبه.pdf

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V

.ES

TEMPLES IMMERGÉS DE LA NUBIE

DOCUMENTS SUR

L'ÉTAT ANCIEIV DES

MONUMENTS

SERVICE DES ANTIQUITÉS DE L'EGYPTE

LES

TEMPLES IMMERGÉS DE LA NIBIE "<5<'0-

DOCUMENTS SLR

L'ETAT ANCIEN DES

MONUMENTS

TOME PREMIER

LE CAIRE IMPRIMERIE DE L'INSTITUT FRANÇAIS D'ARCHÉOLOGIK OIUEMALE

19:20

PRÉFACE. M. Maspero accompagnait ^

le

ffles

documents

recueillis

première moitié du et

montrent

par

l'état

les

grands dépôts européens la

publier tous

:

Nuhie dans

:

il

ne

édifices

tout formera

un

la série

les

ils

avaient

le British

"que notre

les

Mu-

éléments de

la

avec son concours gracieux,

plus rien d'inédit à prendre dans ce Musée, après les réserves s eul

de

la

Bibliothèque Nationale.

volum e, probablement de

la taille

de celui qui

nos Rapports. Les livraisons en paraîtront à des intervalles

«guUers, selon

pas

ou des portions

Nous avons commencé par

nous continuerons

"quoi nous attaquerons

s'agit

nous choisirons parmi eux ceux qui

ou qui nous ont conservé des

ail

la

sont presque tous réunis au Brilish

M. Somers Clarke a bien voulu y choisir

"jusqu'à ce qu'il n'y

" contient

Ils

pas com-

serait

des temples actuellement existants au temps où

"présente livraison

"Le

les

voyageurs qui visitèrent

les

"d'édifice aujourd'hui détruites. et

:

Gouvernement Égyptien ne

xrx" siècle.

souffert encore,

"seum,

" avertissement n suivant qui

à la Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris, mais

"pour nous de

"peu

le

nous négligions de rechercher dans

si

"Muséum

«

1'

premier fascicule paru en 1912

L'œuvre entreprise par

wplèfe,

•^

annoncé ce volume par

avait

ressources de notre budget

:

irré-

nous espérons pourtant

tâche sera achevée dans trois ou quatre ans au plus tard. "

G. Maspero. Caire

,

5

novembre 1912.

Nous avons dû modifier ce programme, M. Somers Clarke avant

la

guerre

le

avait

achevé

choix des planches empruntées aux fonds du Brilish

Muséum.

Il

a l)ien voulu rédiger dernièrement les notices correspondantes

qui nous manquaient. Tous les documents importants concernant les temples de Nubie qui sont conservés

au British Muséum

se trouvent

donc réunis

dans ce volume.

Quant

à ceux qui font partie des collections

j'espère pouvoir tenir la

rendront

de

la

Bibliothèque Nationale,

promesse de M. Maspero dès que

les publications d'art

un peu moins

les circonstances

dilTiciles.

P. Lacau.

Caire,

20

février

1920.

NOTICES.

THE TEMPLE OF AMADA. Tins temple, of the

most carefully

XVIIl'''

On

plate

XIH

musl

llioujjli sinall,

and well construclod

finislied

res quite admirable.

Dynasly

in

hav,-

NuMan

llie

vve see tlie structure as

bt-t-ii

one of ihe

valley, ils sculptu-

was eariv

it

in tlie

iast century.

The dôme which we

and

see rising over the llypostyle Hall

part of the building was used as a church

up when

this

was already pulled down before my

1H96.

first visit in

Far back in

long

ils

easily lo be read

life,

changes and enlargements were made which are

by a study of the masonry. Unfortunately the plan on plate Xl\

takes no notice of thèse changes and shows the structure as

one time. The temple faces very

which, at

set

this place, is

making

much towards

a great

bend

the

West

were

if it

t.

ail buill at

towards the Mie

e.

customary course towards the

in its

North.

On

axis, the sanctuary

on the

That

XV, we find several

plate

to

left

being on our right. Below

a longitudinal section

is

this

we

find

two sections.

our right shows the polygonal colunins which had originally fornied the

front of the templ»^ but

our

sections. At the top

shows

(I

were afterwards inclosed by the llypostyle Hall; thaï

think) the opposite end of the Hypostyle Hall.

the lowest range

sections in

show, on our right the extrême end of the sanctuary with

doorways opening into the side chambers, on our hall out of

The

to

left

the interior of the cross

which the inner chambers of the temple opened.

THE TEMPLE OF SEBÎA'A. of this temple, a speos, bas a near relationship to that

The plan Husèn;

it is

also a

a sbockingly

work

of the reign of

bad spécimen of the

art,

Ramses H. but

it

It is,

as regards

more reguiar

is

in

its its

of.

Garf

masonry.

Unes and

setling-out. whiist the figures that remain are not such deformities as those see at Garf Husén. Happily not a

liltle

we

of the stately approach from the Nile to

the temple bas been preserved even until now,

it

having been very complelely

buried bv the sand.

MIHARnAKAII. This temple It

is

in plan quite unlike any olher

consisls of a court vard. ij

Temples Je

.Vu6i'ff.

with oi>en to ihe skv. * »

ihat :i

remains

lo us in

Egypt.

C(dnn;ide ^urrounding ihe

SOMERS CLARKE AND MILEHAM.

6

court. it

venture to ask whether this building was an Egyptian temple in origin

I

bas no characleristics of an édifice dedicated to the Egyptian cuit. The most

recently built of Egyptian temples, bearing of

:

Roman emperors,

no such

Roman

inscriptions

and the names

are ail rigidly laid out on the old lines. This building bas

characteristics.

believe that the onlv évidence of dedication

I

to

is

be

found in the shape of a greek ex-voto incised on one of the columns, mentioning

and Serapis.

Isis

The

the fellahin.

To secure

many

as in

on plate XXIII was,

state of ruin seen

1

think, caused by the action of

a level foundation for the masonry, the builders did hère

other cases: they laid a massive bed of hard, sundried bricks,

which are quite capable of bearing a great weight. For their own use the

dug away

lahin

this

fel-

bed of brickwork, beginning, of course, from the exterior

ultimately the vvall above

fell

:

over in one mass and to the approaching traveller

presented an appearance not unlike a flight of steps, terribly dislocated.

Wben it

I first

visited

on plate XXIII and

Miharrakah it

,

was much

in

January

in the

1

896, the building was

same condition

in

we

as

see

1899.

Dakka had been overthrown

in the

same way, by

the fellahin removing the crude brick from beneath the masonry.

The doorway

Not a

at

of the temple of

little

Miharrakah faces towards the south. Ruildings of an inferior description

adjoined the East walI, but were not in structure or in plan suggestive of chambers forming .part of the

more than mère adjuncts

temple

(if the

to the chief building;

they formed no

main building were such).

TEMPLE OF GARF HUSÊN. This temple in the

is

the most clumsy spécimen of bad

workmanship and executed

most misérable material that can well be imagined. Local labour only

can bave been employed. It

belongs to the same family as the temple of Âbou Simbel but what a

férence

we

find

which makes

its

between the workmanship of the two.

bad workmanship and great

more remarkable, both

of

them being

of the

It is

inferiority to

same

dif-

of ambitions scale

Abou Simbel

the

period.

THE TEMPLE OF DENDÛR. In this temple the structure containing three apartments

but the door in the Hypostyle Hall, in the right hand corner

is

is

ail

of one

work

of later date.

The

NOTICES. façade faces Eastward towards the Niie. At some dislance in front stands ihe

doorway of a Pylon,

clearly indicaled

on the plate XWII, but the draughtsmen

hâve omltted the foundations of the Pylon towers which are \er\ évident,

lo the

North and South of tho doorwav.

For no apparent reason but to the North of in

The

it.

an opening of 169

this

c.

doorway

not on tho true axis of the temple,

is

produced through the doorwav

line of the axis,

m. wide only 28

c.

m. from the southern jamb. The

masonry of the temple and of the Pylon doorways appears

The

date.

slope of the rocky river

XXV, XXVI). Imniediately west bullt wilh the axis the

same

bank

porch

of poor- masonry.

is

built of

doorway and

is,

temple

ail,

:

same

west (see plates is

not

the temple axis, produced

to the speos.

The inner room

eut entirely in the rock; the

liltle

rough stone and Nile mud.

The plan on

When

plate

1 first

XXIX

AT TAFAH.

(rrAn plan) represents a structure

visited the spot in

no longer

exist-

January 189^ there was not a trace of

it.

said to bave been destroved in the later half of the xix"" century.

It is

XXX

Plate

gives us a plan

exists (called otBt?

on

and élévation of

this plate). It faces

the right of the entrance late

of the

There are évidences of manv bouses near the temple,

TEMPLES

ing.

ail

of the temple lies a small speos. This

westward, touches the north jamb of the entrance forms the speos and

be

to

rises sharply to the

as thaï of the

is.

is

the front of the temple which

still

towards the South. The side doorway

of a later date than the façade,

its

to

mouldings suggest

Roman workmanship.

Plates

XXXll and

bouses evidently of they

owe

XWUl Homan

are of unusual interest as they give us the plans of

construction and were existing in

sulTicienllv solid to resist a

place

superabundant.

The

No doubt

their préservation to the fact that they are ail built of the local stone

and are is

iSg'i.

good deal of violence,

élévation of the front wall of the bouse

Plate XXXII, shows clearly

how

also that stone at this

shown on

the plan below

it.

universal had become, in late times, the method

of laying masonry, whether of brick or stone, in courses concave with the horizon.

In the présent case the side and backwalls are laid in the

observe on studying the section, which left, as

we examine

is

same way, whilsl we

taken through the three rooms to our

the plan, that the interior partition walls of the house are

SOMERS CLARKE AND MILEIIAM.

8

What purpose was gained by adopting

laid with horizontal courses.

ihis

method

of construction?

Immediately adjoining the Southern pylon lower of the temple are the remains

temple

work

itself

—

in stonc

—

Kalabsha

of a house with the courses laid concave. In that

and the works attached

laid in

at

,

I

do not remember

hâve seen any stone-

to

concave courses.

THE TEMPLE AT DABLD. The whole

is

been selected

show

built of the rather coarse local sandstone.

for the temple.

The plan,

the points of the compass.

plate

XXXIV

The

finest quality has

unfortunately does not

The temple inclosure has

its

central axis from

East to West, on sloping ground, each Pylon being at a slightly higher level

than the preceeding. The temple the Nile.

Out

lies at the

side the llrst Pylon

highest level and faces East towards

and going down

to the river's

edge are the

remains of an approch ilanked on either side by stone walls. The temple was not, at

fîrst,

as \ve

XXXIV, was

plate

and East, but that

One

now

find

it.

The

the original cella. to the

central

chamber

as \ve see

in

January iSgi.

an earthquake

in

on the plan,

Chambers were added West, Norlh, South

East which formed a small Hyposlyle Hall has vanished.

or two broken capitals were Iving on the ground

made

it

It is said

when

that this Ilypostyle Hall

thèse notes were

was overthrown by

1868. SoMERS Clarke.

TABLE DES MATIÈRES. 'RÉFACE

I

XV

Aniad.i (lemple), pi. Xlll à

Dabûd (lemple), Dakkeh,

pi.

XXXIV

pi.

XXV

pi.

Kalabsheh (temple), pi.

XX

pi.

XXVIil

6

XXII à XXIV

<>

à

pi. VIII à XII

'i

XXI.

et

pi.

8 3

Garf Hussèn (lemple),

Miharrakali,

XXXV

à Vil

1

Dendilr (lemple),

Kurla,

à

5

XVIII et XIX

Sebûa'a (lemple),

Tàfah (temples),

pi. pi.

XVI

et

XXIX

à

."i

XVII

XXXIII

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Folio 88.

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ADD. MS. 20848

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XIV

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ADD. MS. 29848

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Temple

at

Kurta (now destroyed). General Plan.

XXI

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ADD. MS. 29845 Folio

116.

Temple

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f PI.

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ADD. MS. 29848

Folio

117.

Temple

at

Tafah "B" Plan A Section.

XXX

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119.

House

at Tafah. Plan, section

4

élévation.

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BINDINCà SECT.

J

UL 3

1980

f

DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SUPS FROM THIS POCIŒT PLEASE

UNIVERSITY OF

NA 2l6

N8M37 v.l pt.2

TORONTO UBRARY

Maspero, (Sir) Gaston Camille Charles Les temples iaBerges de la Nubie (fi/