Ohe M1 Enamel • Hard Protective Substance That Covers The
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- Pages: 3
OHE M1
o
Perpendicular to DEJ; originates at DEJ
ENAMEL • Hard protective substance that covers the tooth surface
o
ENAMEL PRISM – hexagonal and prism like
o
CYLINDRICAL ROD – paddle-shaped with head and tail
•
Hardest biologic tissue in the human body
•
Covers the anatomical crown
o
Arranged in tent-like manner
•
Provides shape and contour for the crowns
o
Pathway of progress of caries follow enamel rod
•
Poor conductor of heat and electricity
o
TRANSVERSE STRIATIONS
•
Becomes thinner within the fissures
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENAMEL: • extremely hard •
brittle white to grayish-white
•
permeable to a limited extent
•
specific gravity is 2.8
•
smooth and glossy
o
•
COMPOSITION OF ENAMEL: • INORGANIC MATERIAL o
96 – 68%
o
HYDROXYAPATITE absorbs the ff substances:
•
VANADIUM
MANGANESE
SELENIUM
MOLYBDENUM
STRONIUM
•
2 – 4%
o
Includes water
Tortuous intertwining pathways of enamel rods
Offers greatest resistance to the cuspal and incisal areas
o
Contains more enamel proteins
o
More acid resistant than other regions
o
Fish-scale appearance of enamel matrix
o
Rod’s surface (core)
INTERROD ENAMEL
•
Cements rods
INCREMENTAL LINES OF RETZIUS o
Oblique lines
o
Marks primary calcification of enamel
o
Concentric rings
o
PERIKYMATA
Contains high proportions of GLUTAMIC ACID, PROLINE & HISTIDINE
o
ENAMELINS • Mature enamel proteins STRUCTURES OF ENAMEL: • ENAMEL RODS o
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENAMEL
AMELOGENINS • Immature fetal enamel
•
GNARLED ENAMEL ROD
ENAMEL ROD SHEATH
o
ORGANIC MATERIAL o
Dark lines crossing the rods
Structural unit
•
1
Shallow horizontal grooves
NEONATAL LINE
More pronounced incremental line
Seen in most primary teeth and permanent central incisor
TRANSVERSE STRIATIONS
•
o
Bands or cross striations
o
Marks daily appositional growth of enamel
•
EROSION o
Loss of tooth substance due to chemical means
o
Acids, chemical fumes (people working in factories, wind instrument musicians)
o
From vomiting
BANDS OF HUNTER-SCHREGER o
Change of rod direction
o
Prevents enamel cracking during mastication
o
DIAZONES
•
o
ABFRACTION o
Loss of tooth substance (non-carious) at the surface of the teeh due to masticatory stress
o
CUSPAL FLEXURE
Dark bands
PARAZONES
Light bands
•
•
•
•
ENAMEL TUFTS o
Abrupt change in direction of rods
o
Lateral spread of caries
•
LOSS OF PERIKYMATA
o
Cracks
o
Pathway for bacteria to penetrate the enamel
•
ENAMEL SPINDLE o
Hypersensitivity of DEJ
o
ectomesenchyme in origin
o
comes form odontoblastic spindle
DISCOLORATION
o
Drinking colored beverages
o
Smoking: nicotine stain
o
Extrinsic discoloration
o
Intrinsic discoloration
•
REDUCED PERMEABILITY
•
NECROTIC PULP TISSUE
DENTINO-ENAMEL JUNCTION o o
Junction between enamel and dentin
o
Scalloped profile in cross section
•
AGE CHANGES: ATTRITION o
•
•
Loss of tooth substance because of mechanical means like tooth brushing
o
Cervical abrasion because of horizontal brushing
Less caries as a person ages
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: •
ABRASION o
Due to wear and tear
REDUCTION IN INCIDENCE OF CARIES o
Physiologic wearing away of tooth substance due to occlusal contact (masticatory stress)
Discoloration of tooth by non-functioning pulp tissue
MODIFICATION OF SURFACE LAYER o
•
Depression on the surface of enamel which are manifested as incremental lines of retzius
ENAMEL LAMELLAE o
Causes changes at enamel on the cervical area
FLUORIDATION o
Fluoride incorporated in water
o
Optimum ratio of fluoride in water: 1/1,000,000
•
2
FLUOROSIS
o •
FLUORIDIZATION o
•
•
Condition where the teeth are chalky white
Topical application of fluoride
DENTAL CARIES o
#1 disease affecting the tooth
o
Destruction of hard tissue structure and depletion of proteins
o
Affects the enamel, dentin and cementum
ACID ETCHING o
BRACES (orthodontic cases)
o
Use of PHOSPHORIC ACID to expose the enamel rods for better anchorage of the brackets
Good to know: follow the direction of enamel rod when making a cavity preparation so that there will be no carious parts left behind.
-Rosette Go 011509
3
o
Perpendicular to DEJ; originates at DEJ
ENAMEL • Hard protective substance that covers the tooth surface
o
ENAMEL PRISM – hexagonal and prism like
o
CYLINDRICAL ROD – paddle-shaped with head and tail
•
Hardest biologic tissue in the human body
•
Covers the anatomical crown
o
Arranged in tent-like manner
•
Provides shape and contour for the crowns
o
Pathway of progress of caries follow enamel rod
•
Poor conductor of heat and electricity
o
TRANSVERSE STRIATIONS
•
Becomes thinner within the fissures
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENAMEL: • extremely hard •
brittle white to grayish-white
•
permeable to a limited extent
•
specific gravity is 2.8
•
smooth and glossy
o
•
COMPOSITION OF ENAMEL: • INORGANIC MATERIAL o
96 – 68%
o
HYDROXYAPATITE absorbs the ff substances:
•
VANADIUM
MANGANESE
SELENIUM
MOLYBDENUM
STRONIUM
•
2 – 4%
o
Includes water
Tortuous intertwining pathways of enamel rods
Offers greatest resistance to the cuspal and incisal areas
o
Contains more enamel proteins
o
More acid resistant than other regions
o
Fish-scale appearance of enamel matrix
o
Rod’s surface (core)
INTERROD ENAMEL
•
Cements rods
INCREMENTAL LINES OF RETZIUS o
Oblique lines
o
Marks primary calcification of enamel
o
Concentric rings
o
PERIKYMATA
Contains high proportions of GLUTAMIC ACID, PROLINE & HISTIDINE
o
ENAMELINS • Mature enamel proteins STRUCTURES OF ENAMEL: • ENAMEL RODS o
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENAMEL
AMELOGENINS • Immature fetal enamel
•
GNARLED ENAMEL ROD
ENAMEL ROD SHEATH
o
ORGANIC MATERIAL o
Dark lines crossing the rods
Structural unit
•
1
Shallow horizontal grooves
NEONATAL LINE
More pronounced incremental line
Seen in most primary teeth and permanent central incisor
TRANSVERSE STRIATIONS
•
o
Bands or cross striations
o
Marks daily appositional growth of enamel
•
EROSION o
Loss of tooth substance due to chemical means
o
Acids, chemical fumes (people working in factories, wind instrument musicians)
o
From vomiting
BANDS OF HUNTER-SCHREGER o
Change of rod direction
o
Prevents enamel cracking during mastication
o
DIAZONES
•
o
ABFRACTION o
Loss of tooth substance (non-carious) at the surface of the teeh due to masticatory stress
o
CUSPAL FLEXURE
Dark bands
PARAZONES
Light bands
•
•
•
•
ENAMEL TUFTS o
Abrupt change in direction of rods
o
Lateral spread of caries
•
LOSS OF PERIKYMATA
o
Cracks
o
Pathway for bacteria to penetrate the enamel
•
ENAMEL SPINDLE o
Hypersensitivity of DEJ
o
ectomesenchyme in origin
o
comes form odontoblastic spindle
DISCOLORATION
o
Drinking colored beverages
o
Smoking: nicotine stain
o
Extrinsic discoloration
o
Intrinsic discoloration
•
REDUCED PERMEABILITY
•
NECROTIC PULP TISSUE
DENTINO-ENAMEL JUNCTION o o
Junction between enamel and dentin
o
Scalloped profile in cross section
•
AGE CHANGES: ATTRITION o
•
•
Loss of tooth substance because of mechanical means like tooth brushing
o
Cervical abrasion because of horizontal brushing
Less caries as a person ages
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: •
ABRASION o
Due to wear and tear
REDUCTION IN INCIDENCE OF CARIES o
Physiologic wearing away of tooth substance due to occlusal contact (masticatory stress)
Discoloration of tooth by non-functioning pulp tissue
MODIFICATION OF SURFACE LAYER o
•
Depression on the surface of enamel which are manifested as incremental lines of retzius
ENAMEL LAMELLAE o
Causes changes at enamel on the cervical area
FLUORIDATION o
Fluoride incorporated in water
o
Optimum ratio of fluoride in water: 1/1,000,000
•
2
FLUOROSIS
o •
FLUORIDIZATION o
•
•
Condition where the teeth are chalky white
Topical application of fluoride
DENTAL CARIES o
#1 disease affecting the tooth
o
Destruction of hard tissue structure and depletion of proteins
o
Affects the enamel, dentin and cementum
ACID ETCHING o
BRACES (orthodontic cases)
o
Use of PHOSPHORIC ACID to expose the enamel rods for better anchorage of the brackets
Good to know: follow the direction of enamel rod when making a cavity preparation so that there will be no carious parts left behind.
-Rosette Go 011509
3
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