গ্লোবালাইজেশন ও আমেরিকান নীতি

5GW gYaF, ibSÿb aiNjY …b„ BibxYt Vemirka, cIn …b„ Bart VelacnaFa samãajYbad iney| ta† ibSÿb aiNejYr sUeº BaibxYetr samãajYbaedr ŸcHaraFa iney† ilKb| ibSÿb aiNjYr smó» idk iney Velakpat kra sÝb ny| Vpatt ŸZFa bueJiC, …† ntun samãajYbad Vemirkar ny- … Heb bâH‡ krperF§ilr samãajYbad| Baelar idkFa …† ŸZ, suóù pƒuij tar inj÷ ÷aeàT † ZuÁ ca†eb na| ca†eb tâtIy ibeSÿr manuexr º¡y Qmta bâiÁ pak| ta† tâtIyibeSÿr iSQar ŸpCen Faka Vseb| ˆ†epãa, †nePaiss …b„ ma†eº¡asPF ibSal pirman Faka Baretr pãaTimk ( $100M-2004) iSQaKaet zaleC| iSQa …b„ pirkafaemar ˆÊyn ŸdeSr º¡y QmtabâiÁr pãaTimk Sàt| Karaepr idkFa Hl Vemirkar ZuÁ aó½, ibma …b„ ‹xuD ŸkaÚpanI §ilr ibkát pƒuij …b„ ŸdeSr srkarek putul banaenar Ÿcöa| Vemirkar icik‡sa ibma ŸkaÚpanI§ilr AnbdY rajEnitk baûmàden, Vmaedr FYae¤r 60% …b„ VemirkabasIr Veyr gR 25% …edr pekeF Zae¬C| Pl He¬C …† ŸZ, Vmaedr kYailePaiànyay pãaTimk …b„ maDYimk iSQaKaet pãay 40% baejF GaFit-ô™el iSQk Ÿn†| Caºedr AiBBabkra £aS iney samal ide¬C| piëcmbeªgr Ÿceyw Karap Abóùa! 1991 sael, …† kYailePaiànyaet bYaeclr ihigã kret geR pãay 1500 hlar Dar inet Ht| Vj 2004 sael 42,000 hlar Dar inet Hy| raó»a saraenar pysa Ÿn†| …† Ÿs†idn kYailePaiànyar …k ŸCaF SHerr (nam idlam na) jlibBaegr …k kàmI Vmar saeT ŸZagaeZag kreln| Vemirkar pirebS s„óùa (EPA) taedr SHerr jl ˆ‡padn bYbóùaek baitl ker ideyeC| baejeFr ABaeb gt pƒac bCr ntun Zǽpait Ÿkna Hy in! Vmra ŸZ† baejFarI ŸkaeFSn idlam, ˆnara janaeln Faka Ÿn†| ib¯an gebxnay srkarI baejF 12% Haer kmeC (Zara …edeS Ÿpaöh¢ kret VseCn, taedr VSa idet pariC na!)| inˆ ViàleÆs ik ka¸Fa Hl Vpnara iFiBet† ŸdKeln| …r perw Zid 80% manux buSek smàT n ker …b„ ŸsFa† Zid iBÊmt Hy, taHel †raeNr ŸmaLaraedr Vr Ÿdax id† ik ker! taedrw gntǽ VeC-Zaek Vmra bil ŸmaLatǽ! muslmanedr DàmIy ˆnMadnaek 'By' iHsaeb kaej laigey, …edeSr gntǽ ZIìteǽ pirNt He¬C-Zar VìPl ÷rœp Vemirka Aicer† tâtIy ibeSÿr ŸdeS pirNt Heb| ŸsFa Zid iBÊmt Hy, taHŸl suóùmtFa ik? pâiTbIet …kiFw Ÿkan muslman ŸdeSr samirk Si¹¡ VeC? Zaet tara

Vemirka, raiSya, cIn ba Baretr Ÿmakaibla kret paer? tarperw †slaimk sǽasbad dmn kra Zae¬C na! …Fa †yaiàk He¬C? Bart, cIn …b„ raiSyar pãDanmǽIra barbar jaineyeCn, sǽasdmen Vemirkar sid¬Ca Ÿn†| Takeb† ba ik ker? pueraFa†eta bYbsa| raiSyar smajtaiǽk DaÑabaij Des prar pR, Vemirkar Sº› iCl na …k dSk| DƒukiCl HailbaàFn, Ÿbecl, Ÿjnaerl ha†naime¤r mtn ZuÁ aó½ ŸkaÚpanI§il| i£ÆFenr Vmel smâÁ Hi¬Cl Vemirka-karn FYae¤r …kFa bR Faka ŸgeC gebxnay| …r peRw ˆdbâ¹ baejF! Vemirkay ŸbkarIr Har sàb ÕinmÈ Hy 1999 sael| i£nFenr ŸSx bCer| ikǼ taet ik? iHsab krel ŸdKa Zaeb ŸZ, †slaimk sǽasbadek Sº› banaet parel, …k izel du† paiK mara sÝb| pãT mt mHÚmd namk jujur By ŸdiKey Vemirkan gntǽek ZIìtǽ banaena Zaeb| …etb ŸsOid Vrebr rajtǽ eZ †slaimk ŸdS§ilet Ajsã maÅasa Kull …b„ taet ŸmOlbadIedr cax krl, …Fa ŸdeKw ŸdKl na Vemirka| Bart 1990-2001 sal pàZÇ» º¡magt AiBeZag jaineyeC …† paikóùanI maÅasa namDarI ŸjHadI PakFrI§ilr ibr›eÁ| Vemirka ŸSaen in| ikCu† tara jant na? iÃtIyt sǽasbaedr ibr›eÁ ZueÁ Aó½ lageb Ÿta! …etb Ÿbecl HailbaàFenr ŸpFw Brl! ZuÁFa Zid sitYkaerr †slamI sǽasbaedr ibr›eÁ Hy, taHel Vj †raen ŸmaLatǽ Taek na| ŸsOid Vrebw rajtǽ Taek na| paikóùaenr maÅasa§ilet tala ŸJalar kTa| …sb naik kra Zaeb na! muslman Babaebeg VGat lageb! †raek muslmanedr Ÿmer Der ì†ey Ÿdwya Hl, Vr bla He¬C mâtedr Babaebeg 'VGat' lageb! rajEnitk †slam …b„ …r ˆ‡smueK AbSY† Vº¡mn kra ˆict iCl| ŸsFa Heb bel men He¬C na| karN rajEnitk †slam Vsel† bueSr rQakbc| buS Vr Za† eHak kaildas nn! ŸZ hal Der J™leCn, Ÿs† hal itin kaFebn ik ker? …† eZ †slaimk sǽasbaedr rmrma, …Fa Vemirkar keàpaerFa†ejSaenr Pl| muslmanedr ineàb aD ŸgƒaRaimek kaej laigeyeC kàperF Vemirka| iHÆdura muslmanŸdr mtn Dàmineàb aD Hel taedrw kaej lagaena ŸZt| ibSÿb aiNejYr …Fa† sbecey icÇ»ar idk| wyaàl h ŸFäh wrgana†ejSn (WTO) jnM 1995 sael| iÃtIy ibSÿZueÁr per otrI Hy GATT ba General Agreement of Tarriffs and Trade | …r per bYbsa ŸbeReC 1950 saelr ŸcaÀ§n| …etb baiNjY Vera baRaet pãay ìèibHIn baiNejYr DarNa ìr›

Hy| 1984-1994, pãay …k dSekr Velacnar ( ˆr›§ey raw¸) Psl WTO| 1997 sael ŸPbã›yarIet pãT m 60 iF ŸdS WTO sdsY Hy| …k† bCerr ŸSex Vera ciLSiF ŸdS ŸZag Ÿdy| pãT em ŸFilkm iney ŠkYmt Hy| káix …b„ ŸpeFÆF V†n iney ŠkYmt ìr›r leQY 2000 sael ìr› Hy Dhoha Develoment Agenda| …Kaen …kYmt Hy in, …r per knuen 2003 saelr ŸsepFambar maesw ibeSx ikCu Hy in| WTO …Kena iSì| …rmeDY Vdw Ÿkan samãajYbad VeC ikna ŸsFa iney† …† ADYaey Velacna krb| kái xW ŸdaHa-pãó»aeb raKa HeyiCl: · ibeSÿr smó»ŸdS, ibeSxt ˆÊt ŸdS§il káixj peNYr ˆpr Brtuik kimey SUnY kreb, Zaet káixet mu¹¡ baiNjY sÝb Hy| · káixbIejr ŸQeº TRIPS (Trade related aspect of intellectual property right ) manet Heb| FäIp iney per VsiC, pãT m pãó»ab ŸdKa Zak| Baret káixr ˆpr pãcur Brtuik Taek| bãaijelw …k† bYbóùa| …† jnY† Baret káixj peNYr dam km| grIb-§eàb ara ŸKey beàt Ÿbƒec VeC| ìDu ik ta†! …t Bàtuik ideyw Psl Ÿtalar smy caxI dam pay na| VtMHtYa ker| …Fa tuel idel Vemirkan gemr zuket suibDa Hy! sªgt kareN† Bart …b„ bãaijl …Fa maen in| taedr 2016 sal pàZÇ» smy Ÿdwya HeyeC| Vbar …Faw Baba drkar, káxkedr VtMHtYar jnY Vemirkaek dayI kra Zay ik na! Vmaedr ŸdeS caxbas …KŸna ib¯an sÚmt kra Ÿgl na| ŸZOTKamar calu na Hwyay, káixet VDuink pãZui¹¡ VseC na| ZeTö Ÿkalh Ÿöaerj na†| Pel ˆ‡paidt peNYr Krc ŸbSI He¬C …b„ tarperw káxk dam pae¬C na| …etb Ÿdax Vmaedr†| ŸZOT Kamar calu ker, ŸdaHa pãó»ab Vmaedr Ÿmen Ÿnwya ˆict 2016 sael| …et BartIy káixj pNY Vemirka …b„ †ˆeraepr bajaer ŸpƒOeC Ÿdwya Zaeb| caxIedrw Aitir¹¡ laB Heb| ŸpeFÆF V†n ba TRIPS (Trade related aspect of intellectual property right ): …minet bYaparFa Kub sHj| Vemirkay Ÿnwya ŸpeFÆF Bartekw ÷Ikáit idet Heb| Vbar Baretr ŸpeFÆFw Vemirka Ÿmen Ÿneb| BabeCn …et ik …ela Ÿgl?

…r jenY janet Heb, Baret ik Baeb ntun wxuD otrI Hy| Vemirkay …kFa wxuD otrIet 10 bCr laeg| Krc 50-500 imilyan hlar| pãT em dub Cr gebxnagaer Pàmula otrI Hy| perr dub Cr, ikBaeb otrI Heb ŸsFa Baba Hy| Vera Cy bCr laeg, pãT em †ƒdur, per manuexr ˆpr prIQa ker …r saàT kta pãman kret| Ÿkan sa†h …eP¢ na† ŸsFa pãman kret| Vr Baret? pãT em Vemirkay wxuD ŸbeRay| ŸsFa HayÅabaed ŸrµIr lYaebr mtn gebxnagaer Ves| tarper rIBaàs †i²inyair„ Hy| maen PàmulaiF cuir ker bar kra Hy …b„ …k-du† bCer wxuD otrI ker ŸPla Hy| Krc? Ÿmer ŸkeF keykeSa Hajar hlar! Vemirkar ŸpeFÆF V†n Baret cleb na| …etb! …Fa ŸcOàZbâi¹| ikǼ …r jnY† Bart ba„laedeS wxueDr dam Kub km! ŸrµIr lYab tâtIy ibeSÿr Aenk ŸdeSr† VàSIbad ÷rœp| …† ŸcOàZYbâi¹ beÉr jnY† FäIp| …et tâtIy ibeSÿr grIbedr Ÿkan laB Ÿn†| na Vj| na kal| gæp ikǼ …Kaen† ŸSx Hy in| ŸrµIr lYab Vemirkay Ves 1997 sael| Vj Vemirkaet taedr munaPa pãay …k ibilyn hlar-Vemirkar sàb aiDk Å›t bâiÁ pawya wxuD ŸkaÚpanI| ŸrµIr gebxnagar ikǼ Baret| AnYanY wxuD ŸkaÚpanI ŸdKl, …eta só»ay Baret gebxna Hel, ŸrµIr saeT paLa Ÿdwya Zaeb na| …etb sPFwyaerr mt, wxuD ŸkaÚpanI §ilw Bart cl rb tueleC| gt itn bCer pãay sb kiF bâH¹m wxuD ŸkaÚpanI Baret gebxnagar KueleC| Baret Veg Ÿkemiöäet ip …c ih ker Baela cakrI pawya ŸZt na| Vjkal tara† mas Ÿgel geR …k laK ŸTek du† laK pae¬C| …sb† ibSÿayenr Pl ! TRIPS w …† kareN Apãasiªgk Hey peReC| wxueDr Vibôar† Zid Bart ŸTek Hy, taHel Vr FäIpes ik Heb? káixbIejr ŸpeFeÆFw …k smsYa| BartIy bIj Vsel Vemirkan bIejr irBaàs †i²inyair„| Ÿs† jnY† dam km| ŸpeFÆF V†n calu Hel ŸsFa Takeb na| §hs haiÚp„W cInek iney Vmaedr sbar By| cIenr ˆ‡paidt ÅbY …t só»a, Vmaedr

ŸdSIy iSæp mar ŸKey Zaeb| …ek haiÚp„ bel| …† jnY† WTO Anti-dumping law VeC| Zaet bla He¬C, inejedr ŸdeS ŸZ daem Ÿbca Hy, tar ŸbSI daem rPtanI kret baDY, smó» rPtanIkark ŸdS| …r perw Zid Ÿkan ŸdS haiÚp„ …r By pay, ŸsFa Ÿs† ŸdeSr bYaàT ta| BibxYetr Bart, icn …b„ VemirkaW imW k™À us Kan janaeln Baretr G D P maº 500 ibilyan hlar Za Vemirkar 10 iFäilyan hlar G DP r maº 5% maº! …etb Babar ik VeC? Baret ŸZ maes 1000 hlar ma†na pay, tar jIbn Zaºar man …Kankar wyalmaeàF kaj kra ŸZ Ÿkan kàmIr ŸTek Aenk Bal ( wyalmaàF kàmIedr gR Vy 1500 hlar)| …† jnY UN tulYmuelYr G D P calu kereC| …r man 6:1| maen Vemirkay maes 6000 hlar kamaena Vr Baret 1000 hlar ˆpay kra …k† bYapar| Vr …† tulYmaenr GDP maen, Baretr ijihip Vemirkar 30%| ntun iHsaeb Baretr maTaipCu Vy ba‡sirk 3000 hlar| Vemirka 200 bCr Hl ÷aDIn HeyeC| Bart HeyeC ŸmaeF 50 bCr| taw maº dS bCr Hl bYbsaŸQeº ŸneHr›r smajbaedr raû ŸTek mu¹¡ HeyeC! Vmar met, …Fa …icBemÆF! 1995 …b„ 2003 saelr ibcaer ŸdKa ZakW BartW ijihip tulYmaenr ijihip VmdanI rPtanI ijihipr bâiÁ ŸpeFÆF rPtanI bâiÁ(1995Ÿbs)

1995 ~370 ibilyan

7% ~1500

2003 600 ibilyan (+57%) 3100 ibilyan 40,000 imilyn hlar 28,000 imilyan hlar 8% 8010 (+64%) +180%

VemirkaW ijihip

1995

tulYmaenr ijihip VmdanI rPtanI ijihipr bâiÁ ŸpeFÆF rPtanI bâiÁ(1995Ÿbs)

3% ~130,000 (+7%)

2003 10,800 ibilyan (+23%) 10,800ibilyan 1300,000 imilyn hlar 724,000 imilyan hlar 3% ~146,136 (-6%) 31%

Dr›n Vemirka …b„ Bart nashak ileöh ŸkaÚpanI| …† mUûeàt Baretr ijihip bâiÁ Vemirkar 2.3 §n| rPtanI bâiÁ Cy §n| Vibôaer Vemirkar bâiÁ 6% Haer kmeC, Bart baReC pãay 50% Haer| Vpin kar ök iknebn imW Kan? Vpnar isÁaÇ»eta ijihip …b„ rPtanIr bâiÁr ˆpr inàBr kreb, ij ih ipr crm maenr ˆpr ny| ta† ny ik? gebxkra bleCn 2050 saelr meDY cIenr ijihip pâiTbIr bâH¹m Heb, Vemirkar iÃtIy, Bart tâtIy| bueSr mtn jnnayk Vera duiF …el …b„ Vemirkar gntǽ ZIìteǽ pirNt Hel, Vmar men He¬C, ŸsFa 2020 sael† sÝb Heb| [cleb]