Pathophysiology Of Bronchiopneumonia Pathophysiology: Inoculation Of The Respiratory Tract By

Pathophysiology of BronchioPneumonia Pathophysiology: Inoculation of the respiratory tract by infectious organisms leads to an acute inflammatory response in the host that is typically 1-2 weeks in duration. This inflammatory response differs according to the type of infectious agent present. Viral infections These are characterized by the accumulation of mononuclear cells in the submucosa and perivascular space, resulting in partial obstruction of the airway. They clinically manifest as wheezing and crackles. Disease progresses when the alveolar type II cells lose their structural integrity and surfactant production is diminished, a hyaline membrane forms, and pulmonary edema develops. Bacterial infections The alveoli fill with proteinaceous fluid, which triggers a brisk influx of red blood cells and polymorphonuclear cells (red hepatization) followed by the deposition of fibrin and the degradation of inflammatory cells (gray hepatization). During resolution, intra-alveolar debris is ingested and removed by the alveolar macrophages. This consolidation leads to decreased air entry and dullness to percussion. Inflammation in the small airways leads to crackles. Wheezing is less common than in viral infections. Inflammation and pulmonary edema resulting from these infections causes the lungs to become stiff and less distensible, thereby decreasing tidal volume. The patient must increase his respiratory rate to maintain adequate ventilation.

I. Introduction Patient’s Profile Our patient was Jaslyn Salvador Palad, female, 1 month old with an admitting diagnosis of Bronchopneumonia. She is from Sampaga, Balayan. Her parents were Bienbenido Palad and Nenita Salvador. According to her mother, she was suffering difficult of breathing for 2 days. Her attending physician was Dra. Phibby Macanlalay. II. Part Assessed Method Findings Remarks due to Face Inspection Facial discomfort Pair/condition Client’s mood Inspection Irritable Clients condition Skin color Inspection Normal Ruddy pink to light pink Dryness Skin temperature Palpation Normal Dehydration Palpate Hair Inspection Normal Thick hair Ear Inspection Normal Color same as facial skin Nose Inspection Normal No discharge or flaring Hands Inspection Normal Skin color pink feet Inspection Normal Skin color pink III. Anatomy and Physiology of lungs The paired lungs are fairly organs. They occupy the entire thoracic cavity except for the most central area, the mediastisium which houses the heart, the great blood vessels, bronchi, esophagus and other organs. The narrow superior portion of each lung the apex is located just deep to the clavicle. The brood lung area resting on the diaphragm is the bass. Each lung is divided into lobes by fissures; the left lung has two lobes and the right lung has three.