Pathology
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Pathology as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 1,752
- Pages: 3
Log in / create account article
discussion
edit this page
history
Pathology From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Pathologist" redirects here. For the band, see Pathologist (band). For other uses, see Pathology (disambiguation). navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article
Pathology (from Greek πάθος, pathos, "fate, harm"; and λογία, logia) is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, bodily fluids and whole bodies (Autopsy). The term also encompasses the related scientific study of disease processes, called General pathology. Medical pathology is divided in two main branches, Anatomical pathology and Clinical pathology. Veterinary pathology is concerned with animal disease whereas Phytopathology is the study of plant diseases.
search
Contents
Go
Search
interaction About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact Wikipedia Donate to Wikipedia Help
1 History of pathology 2 General pathology
A renal cell carcinoma (chromophobe type) viewed on a hematoxylin & eosin stained slide
3 Pathology as a medical specialty 3.1 Clinical pathology 3.2 Dermatopathology 4 Forensic pathology 5 Veterinary pathology 6 Plant pathology 7 See also 8 External links
toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page languages ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ Asturianu Brezhoneg Български Bosanski Català Česky Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto Français 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano תירבע Magyar Lietuvių Македонски Bahasa Melayu Myanmasa Nederlands नेपाली 日本語 orsk (bokmål) N Norsk (nynorsk) Português Русский Shqip Sicilianu Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / Srpski Srpskohrvatski / Српскохрватски Basa Sunda Suomi Svenska
History of pathology
[edit]
Main article: History of pathology The history of pathology can be traced to the earliest application of the scientific method to the field of medicine, a development which occurred in the Middle East during the Islamic Golden Age and in Western Europe during the Italian Renaissance.
Bacteriology: Agar plate with bacterial colonies.
Early systematic human dissections were carried out by the Ancient Greek physicians Herophilus of Chalcedon and Erasistratus of Chios in the early part of the third century BC. [1] The first physician known to have made postmortem dissections was the Arabian physician Avenzoar (1091–1161). Rudolf Virchow (1821– 1902) is generally recognized to be the father of microscopic pathology. Most early pathologists were also practicing physicians or surgeons.
General pathology
[edit]
Main article: General pathology General pathology, also called investigative pathology, experimental pathology or theoretical pathology, is a broad and complex scientific field which seeks to understand the mechanisms of injury to cells and tissues, as well as the body's means of responding to and repairing injury. Areas of study include cellular adaptation to injury, necrosis, inflammation, wound healing and neoplasia. It forms the foundation of pathology, the application of this knowledge to diagnose diseases in humans and animals.
This mastectomy specimen contains an infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast. A pathologist will use immunohistochemistry and fluorescent insitu hybridization to detect markers which determine the optimal chemotherapy regimen for this patient.
The term "general pathology" is also used to describe the practice of both anatomical and clinical pathology.
Pathology as a medical specialty
[edit]
Main article: Pathology as a medical specialty Pathologists are physicians who diagnose and characterize disease in living patients by examining biopsies or bodily fluid. The vast majority of cancer diagnoses are made or confirmed by a pathologist. Pathologists may also conduct autopsies to investigate causes of death. Pathology is a core discipline of medical school and many pathologists are also teachers. As managers of medical laboratories, pathologists play an important role in the development of Laboratory information systems. Although the medical practice of pathology grew out the tradition of investigative pathology, most modern pathologists do not perform original research. Pathology is a unique medical specialty in that pathologists typically do not see patients directly, but rather serve as consultants to other physicians (often referred to as "clinicians" within the pathology community). To be licensed, candidates must complete medical training, an approved residency program and be certified by an appropriate body. In the US, certification is by the American Board of Pathology. The organization of subspecialties within pathology vary between nations but usually include anatomical pathology and clinical pathology.
Clinical pathology
[edit]
Main article: Clinical pathology Clinical pathology, Laboratory Medicine (Germany), Biopathology (Greece), or Clinical/Medical Biology (France, Belgium, Netherlands, Austria...) is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids such as blood and urine, using the tools of chemistry, microbiology, hematology and molecular pathology. Clinical pathologists work in close collaboration with medical technologists. Clinical pathology is itself divided in subspecialties, the main ones being clinical chemistry, clinical hematology/blood banking and clinical
Suomi Svenska ไทย Tagalog Türkçe Українська ﻭﺩﺭﺍ 中文
Clinical pathology is itself divided in subspecialties, the main ones being clinical chemistry, clinical hematology/blood banking and clinical microbiology. Clinical pathology is one of the two major divisions of pathology, the other being anatomical pathology. Often, pathologists practice both anatomical and clinical pathology, a combination known as general pathology. Similar specialties exist in veterinary pathology.
Dermatopathology
[edit]
This is the specialty of diseases of the skin. Dermatopathologists are often pathologists, dermatopathologists, or individual with complete training in both specialties. To qualify for dermatopathology specialty, a physician usually perform one year of specialized fellowship.
Forensic pathology
[edit]
Main article: Forensic pathology 'Forensic pathology' is a branch of Pathology concerned with determining the cause of death by examination of a cadaver. The autopsy is performed by the pathologist at the request of a coroner usually during the investigation of criminal law cases and civil law cases in some jurisdictions. Forensic pathologists are also frequently asked to confirm the identity of a cadaver.
Veterinary pathology
[edit]
Main article: Veterinary pathology Veterinary pathologists are doctors of veterinary medicine who specialise in the diagnosis of diseases through the examination of animal tissue and body fluids. Like for medical pathology, veterinary pathology is divided in two branches, anatomical pathology and clinical pathology. Veterinary pathologists are critical participants in the drug development process. See also "veterinary pathologist" in Wikipedia.org.
Plant pathology
[edit]
Main article: Phytopathology Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious diseases) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, viruslike organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are insects, mites, vertebrate or other pests that affect plant health by consumption of plant tissues. Plant pathology also involves the study of the identification, etiology, disease cycle, economic impact, epidemiology, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics and management of plant diseases.
See also
[edit]
Molecular pathology Medical laboratory Important publications in pathology
External links
[edit]
Association of Clinical Biochemistry (UK)
American Society for Investigative Pathology American Society of Cytopathology British Neuropathological Society
Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital Clinicopathological Conference College of American Pathologists
Flickr group: Pathology and Lab Medicine HistoPathology Atlas humpath.com
: numerous photos illustrating the work of pathologists.
(Atlas in Human Pathology)
Immunohistochemistry protocols and troubleshooting Traditional Chinese medicine Pathology Mybiopsy.org
Neuropathology blog
Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland Royal College of Pathologists (UK)
Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia (Australia & Oceania) Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology
Leading Australian Pathology Laboratory.
United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology
WebPath: The Internet Pathology Laboratory for Medical Education
Pathtalk.org A community weblog about pathologyrelated topics.
What is a Pathologist?
a perspective from UK pathologist Fraser Charlton.
Pathologypics an interactive communitydriven histology atlas v • d • e
Medicine: Pathology
Disease /Medical condition (Infection, Neoplasia) Hemodynamics (Ischemia ) Inflammation Wound healing Cell death: Necrosis (Liquefactive necrosis, Coagulative necrosis, Caseous necrosis) Apoptosis Pyknosis Karyorrhexis Karyolysis Principles of pathology Cellular adaptation: Atrophy Hypertrophy Hyperplasia Dysplasia Metaplasia (Squamous, Glandular) accumulations: pigment (Hemosiderin, Lipochrome/Lipofuscin, Melanin) Steatosis Anatomical pathology
Surgical pathology Cytopathology Autopsy Molecular pathology Forensic pathology Dental pathology
Anatomical pathology
Surgical pathology Cytopathology Autopsy Molecular pathology Forensic pathology Dental pathology Gross examination Histopathology Immunohistochemistry Electron microscopy Immunofluorescence Fluorescent in situ hybridization Clinical chemistry Hematopathology Transfusion medicine Medical microbiology Diagnostic immunology
Clinical pathology
Immunopathology Enzyme assay Mass spectrometry Chromatography Flow cytometry Blood bank Microbiological culture Serology
Health science > Medicine
v • d • e
Surgery Anesthesiology ∙ Cardiac surgery ∙ Cardiothoracic surgery ∙ General surgery ∙ Neurosurgery ∙ Oral and maxillofacial surgery ∙ Orthopedic surgery ( Hand surgery) ∙ Otolaryngology (ENT) ∙ Pediatric surgery ∙ Plastic surgery ∙ Proctology ∙ Surgical oncology ∙ Thoracic surgery ∙ Transplant surgery ∙ Trauma surgery ∙ Urology ∙ Vascular surgery Internal medicine Cardiology ∙ Endocrinology ∙ Gastroenterology ∙ Geriatrics ∙ Hematology ∙ Hepatology ∙ Infectious diseases ∙ Intensive care medicine ∙ Nephrology ∙ Specialties and subspecialties
Oncology ∙ Pulmonology ∙ Rheumatology Diagnostic Clinical laboratory sciences (Cellular pathology, Clinical chemistry, Hematology, Clinical microbiology, Clinical immunology, Transfusion medicine) ∙ Radiology (Interventional radiology, Nuclear Medicine) ∙ Pathology (Anatomical, Clinical) ∙ Clinical neurophysiology Other specialties Allergy and immunology ∙ Andrology ∙ Dermatology ∙ Disaster medicine ∙ Emergency medicine ∙ Family medicine ∙ General practice ∙ Neurology ∙ Obstetrics and gynaecology (Fertility medicine) ∙ Reproductive medicine ∙ Occupational medicine ∙ Ophthalmology ∙ Palliative care ∙ Pediatrics/ Adolescent medicine ∙ Physical medicine and rehabilitation (Physiatry) ∙ Preventive medicine (Public health) ∙ Psychiatry ∙ Sleep medicine ∙ Sports medicine
Other
v • d • e
Epidemiology ∙ History of medicine ∙ Hospital medicine ∙ Medical education ∙ Medical genetics ∙ Medical school ∙ Osteopathic medicine ∙ Pharmacy ∙ Physician (MD/MBBS and DO) ∙ Physician assistant ∙ Alternative medicine (ND, DC, TCM , TM , Acupuncture , Homeopathy , and Ayurveda )
Major subfields of biology
Anatomy ∙ Astrobiology ∙ Biochemistry ∙ Bioinformatics ∙ Biostatistics ∙ Botany ∙ Cell biology ∙ Chronobiology ∙ Conservation Biology ∙ Developmental biology ∙ Ecology ∙ Epidemiology ∙ Evolutionary biology ∙ Genetics ∙ Genomics ∙ Human biology ∙ Immunology ∙ Marine biology ∙ Microbiology ∙ Molecular biology ∙ Neuroscience ∙ Nutrition ∙ Origin of life ∙ Paleontology ∙ Parasitology ∙ Pathology ∙ Physiology ∙ Systems biology ∙ Taxonomy ∙ Zoology
Categories: Pathology | Medical specialties | Biology | Subjects taught in medical school
This page was last modified on 22 December 2008, at 19:42. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) taxdeductible nonprofit charity. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers
discussion
edit this page
history
Pathology From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Pathologist" redirects here. For the band, see Pathologist (band). For other uses, see Pathology (disambiguation). navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article
Pathology (from Greek πάθος, pathos, "fate, harm"; and λογία, logia) is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, bodily fluids and whole bodies (Autopsy). The term also encompasses the related scientific study of disease processes, called General pathology. Medical pathology is divided in two main branches, Anatomical pathology and Clinical pathology. Veterinary pathology is concerned with animal disease whereas Phytopathology is the study of plant diseases.
search
Contents
Go
Search
interaction About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact Wikipedia Donate to Wikipedia Help
1 History of pathology 2 General pathology
A renal cell carcinoma (chromophobe type) viewed on a hematoxylin & eosin stained slide
3 Pathology as a medical specialty 3.1 Clinical pathology 3.2 Dermatopathology 4 Forensic pathology 5 Veterinary pathology 6 Plant pathology 7 See also 8 External links
toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page languages ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ Asturianu Brezhoneg Български Bosanski Català Česky Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto Français 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano תירבע Magyar Lietuvių Македонски Bahasa Melayu Myanmasa Nederlands नेपाली 日本語 orsk (bokmål) N Norsk (nynorsk) Português Русский Shqip Sicilianu Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / Srpski Srpskohrvatski / Српскохрватски Basa Sunda Suomi Svenska
History of pathology
[edit]
Main article: History of pathology The history of pathology can be traced to the earliest application of the scientific method to the field of medicine, a development which occurred in the Middle East during the Islamic Golden Age and in Western Europe during the Italian Renaissance.
Bacteriology: Agar plate with bacterial colonies.
Early systematic human dissections were carried out by the Ancient Greek physicians Herophilus of Chalcedon and Erasistratus of Chios in the early part of the third century BC. [1] The first physician known to have made postmortem dissections was the Arabian physician Avenzoar (1091–1161). Rudolf Virchow (1821– 1902) is generally recognized to be the father of microscopic pathology. Most early pathologists were also practicing physicians or surgeons.
General pathology
[edit]
Main article: General pathology General pathology, also called investigative pathology, experimental pathology or theoretical pathology, is a broad and complex scientific field which seeks to understand the mechanisms of injury to cells and tissues, as well as the body's means of responding to and repairing injury. Areas of study include cellular adaptation to injury, necrosis, inflammation, wound healing and neoplasia. It forms the foundation of pathology, the application of this knowledge to diagnose diseases in humans and animals.
This mastectomy specimen contains an infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast. A pathologist will use immunohistochemistry and fluorescent insitu hybridization to detect markers which determine the optimal chemotherapy regimen for this patient.
The term "general pathology" is also used to describe the practice of both anatomical and clinical pathology.
Pathology as a medical specialty
[edit]
Main article: Pathology as a medical specialty Pathologists are physicians who diagnose and characterize disease in living patients by examining biopsies or bodily fluid. The vast majority of cancer diagnoses are made or confirmed by a pathologist. Pathologists may also conduct autopsies to investigate causes of death. Pathology is a core discipline of medical school and many pathologists are also teachers. As managers of medical laboratories, pathologists play an important role in the development of Laboratory information systems. Although the medical practice of pathology grew out the tradition of investigative pathology, most modern pathologists do not perform original research. Pathology is a unique medical specialty in that pathologists typically do not see patients directly, but rather serve as consultants to other physicians (often referred to as "clinicians" within the pathology community). To be licensed, candidates must complete medical training, an approved residency program and be certified by an appropriate body. In the US, certification is by the American Board of Pathology. The organization of subspecialties within pathology vary between nations but usually include anatomical pathology and clinical pathology.
Clinical pathology
[edit]
Main article: Clinical pathology Clinical pathology, Laboratory Medicine (Germany), Biopathology (Greece), or Clinical/Medical Biology (France, Belgium, Netherlands, Austria...) is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids such as blood and urine, using the tools of chemistry, microbiology, hematology and molecular pathology. Clinical pathologists work in close collaboration with medical technologists. Clinical pathology is itself divided in subspecialties, the main ones being clinical chemistry, clinical hematology/blood banking and clinical
Suomi Svenska ไทย Tagalog Türkçe Українська ﻭﺩﺭﺍ 中文
Clinical pathology is itself divided in subspecialties, the main ones being clinical chemistry, clinical hematology/blood banking and clinical microbiology. Clinical pathology is one of the two major divisions of pathology, the other being anatomical pathology. Often, pathologists practice both anatomical and clinical pathology, a combination known as general pathology. Similar specialties exist in veterinary pathology.
Dermatopathology
[edit]
This is the specialty of diseases of the skin. Dermatopathologists are often pathologists, dermatopathologists, or individual with complete training in both specialties. To qualify for dermatopathology specialty, a physician usually perform one year of specialized fellowship.
Forensic pathology
[edit]
Main article: Forensic pathology 'Forensic pathology' is a branch of Pathology concerned with determining the cause of death by examination of a cadaver. The autopsy is performed by the pathologist at the request of a coroner usually during the investigation of criminal law cases and civil law cases in some jurisdictions. Forensic pathologists are also frequently asked to confirm the identity of a cadaver.
Veterinary pathology
[edit]
Main article: Veterinary pathology Veterinary pathologists are doctors of veterinary medicine who specialise in the diagnosis of diseases through the examination of animal tissue and body fluids. Like for medical pathology, veterinary pathology is divided in two branches, anatomical pathology and clinical pathology. Veterinary pathologists are critical participants in the drug development process. See also "veterinary pathologist" in Wikipedia.org.
Plant pathology
[edit]
Main article: Phytopathology Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious diseases) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, viruslike organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are insects, mites, vertebrate or other pests that affect plant health by consumption of plant tissues. Plant pathology also involves the study of the identification, etiology, disease cycle, economic impact, epidemiology, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics and management of plant diseases.
See also
[edit]
Molecular pathology Medical laboratory Important publications in pathology
External links
[edit]
Association of Clinical Biochemistry (UK)
American Society for Investigative Pathology American Society of Cytopathology British Neuropathological Society
Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital Clinicopathological Conference College of American Pathologists
Flickr group: Pathology and Lab Medicine HistoPathology Atlas humpath.com
: numerous photos illustrating the work of pathologists.
(Atlas in Human Pathology)
Immunohistochemistry protocols and troubleshooting Traditional Chinese medicine Pathology Mybiopsy.org
Neuropathology blog
Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland Royal College of Pathologists (UK)
Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia (Australia & Oceania) Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology
Leading Australian Pathology Laboratory.
United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology
WebPath: The Internet Pathology Laboratory for Medical Education
Pathtalk.org A community weblog about pathologyrelated topics.
What is a Pathologist?
a perspective from UK pathologist Fraser Charlton.
Pathologypics an interactive communitydriven histology atlas v • d • e
Medicine: Pathology
Disease /Medical condition (Infection, Neoplasia) Hemodynamics (Ischemia ) Inflammation Wound healing Cell death: Necrosis (Liquefactive necrosis, Coagulative necrosis, Caseous necrosis) Apoptosis Pyknosis Karyorrhexis Karyolysis Principles of pathology Cellular adaptation: Atrophy Hypertrophy Hyperplasia Dysplasia Metaplasia (Squamous, Glandular) accumulations: pigment (Hemosiderin, Lipochrome/Lipofuscin, Melanin) Steatosis Anatomical pathology
Surgical pathology Cytopathology Autopsy Molecular pathology Forensic pathology Dental pathology
Anatomical pathology
Surgical pathology Cytopathology Autopsy Molecular pathology Forensic pathology Dental pathology Gross examination Histopathology Immunohistochemistry Electron microscopy Immunofluorescence Fluorescent in situ hybridization Clinical chemistry Hematopathology Transfusion medicine Medical microbiology Diagnostic immunology
Clinical pathology
Immunopathology Enzyme assay Mass spectrometry Chromatography Flow cytometry Blood bank Microbiological culture Serology
Health science > Medicine
v • d • e
Surgery Anesthesiology ∙ Cardiac surgery ∙ Cardiothoracic surgery ∙ General surgery ∙ Neurosurgery ∙ Oral and maxillofacial surgery ∙ Orthopedic surgery ( Hand surgery) ∙ Otolaryngology (ENT) ∙ Pediatric surgery ∙ Plastic surgery ∙ Proctology ∙ Surgical oncology ∙ Thoracic surgery ∙ Transplant surgery ∙ Trauma surgery ∙ Urology ∙ Vascular surgery Internal medicine Cardiology ∙ Endocrinology ∙ Gastroenterology ∙ Geriatrics ∙ Hematology ∙ Hepatology ∙ Infectious diseases ∙ Intensive care medicine ∙ Nephrology ∙ Specialties and subspecialties
Oncology ∙ Pulmonology ∙ Rheumatology Diagnostic Clinical laboratory sciences (Cellular pathology, Clinical chemistry, Hematology, Clinical microbiology, Clinical immunology, Transfusion medicine) ∙ Radiology (Interventional radiology, Nuclear Medicine) ∙ Pathology (Anatomical, Clinical) ∙ Clinical neurophysiology Other specialties Allergy and immunology ∙ Andrology ∙ Dermatology ∙ Disaster medicine ∙ Emergency medicine ∙ Family medicine ∙ General practice ∙ Neurology ∙ Obstetrics and gynaecology (Fertility medicine) ∙ Reproductive medicine ∙ Occupational medicine ∙ Ophthalmology ∙ Palliative care ∙ Pediatrics/ Adolescent medicine ∙ Physical medicine and rehabilitation (Physiatry) ∙ Preventive medicine (Public health) ∙ Psychiatry ∙ Sleep medicine ∙ Sports medicine
Other
v • d • e
Epidemiology ∙ History of medicine ∙ Hospital medicine ∙ Medical education ∙ Medical genetics ∙ Medical school ∙ Osteopathic medicine ∙ Pharmacy ∙ Physician (MD/MBBS and DO) ∙ Physician assistant ∙ Alternative medicine (ND, DC, TCM , TM , Acupuncture , Homeopathy , and Ayurveda )
Major subfields of biology
Anatomy ∙ Astrobiology ∙ Biochemistry ∙ Bioinformatics ∙ Biostatistics ∙ Botany ∙ Cell biology ∙ Chronobiology ∙ Conservation Biology ∙ Developmental biology ∙ Ecology ∙ Epidemiology ∙ Evolutionary biology ∙ Genetics ∙ Genomics ∙ Human biology ∙ Immunology ∙ Marine biology ∙ Microbiology ∙ Molecular biology ∙ Neuroscience ∙ Nutrition ∙ Origin of life ∙ Paleontology ∙ Parasitology ∙ Pathology ∙ Physiology ∙ Systems biology ∙ Taxonomy ∙ Zoology
Categories: Pathology | Medical specialties | Biology | Subjects taught in medical school
This page was last modified on 22 December 2008, at 19:42. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) taxdeductible nonprofit charity. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers
