Part A Unit 2.pdf

PART A LEADERSHIP UNIT 2 IMPORTANCE OF FUNCTIONS, ROLES, PERSONALITY AND SKILLS 1 HOUR Objectives After completion of the unit, you should be able to: understand the meaning and concept of Personality; describe the personality of a leader;

Structure 1.1

Introduction

1.2

Meaning and Definition of Personality

1.3

Personality and Leadership

1.4

Summary

1.5

Self-Assessment Question

1.6

Exercise

1.1 INTRODUCTION Personality and leadership are related in important ways that may not be immediately obvious. Specifically, if we ask about the origins of leadership effectiveness, then there are only two general explanations. Effective leadership can either be a function of “circumstances” (i.e., factors outside individual leaders) or it can be a function of “personal characteristics” (i.e., factors inside individual leaders).

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1.2 MEANING AND DEFINITION OF PERSONALITY Personality is the product of social interaction in group life. In society every person has different traits such as skin, color, height and weight. Personality is defined as the characteristic set of behaviors, cognitions, and emotional patterns that evolve from biological and environmental factors. ... The study of the psychology of personality, called personality psychology, attempts to explain the tendencies that underlie differences in behaviour.

1.3 PERSONALITY AND LEADERSHIP Dimensions of the Bright Side of Personality

Dimension

Adjustment/Emotional Stability

Definition Self-confidence, selfesteem, stable moods

Sociability/Social Ascendance

Extraversion, energy, status seeking

Agreeableness/Interpersonal Sensitivity

Charm, tact, warmth, diplomacy, optimistic view of human nature

Prudence/Conscientiousness

Rule following and compliant, the condition of being awake and able to understand what is happening around you

Inquisitiveness/Openness

Imagination, curiosity, tolerance 2

1.4 SUMMARY The five important big traits for a leader (Positive dimension of personality of a leader).

Adjustment/Emotional Stability Sociability/Social Ascendance Agreeableness/Interpersonal Sensitivity Prudence/Conscientiousness Inquisitiveness/Openness

1.5 SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS 1)

Define Personality. Explain the five important positive dimension of a leader.

2)

Explain the impact of Personality on Leadership.

1.6 EXERCISE Role Play Empathy Exercise “A Problem I’m working on is……………….” and finish the sentence.

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PART A LEADERSHIP UNIT 2 IMPORTANCE OF FUNCTIONS, ROLES, PERSONALITY AND SKILLS 2 HOUR Objectives After completion of the unit, you should be able to: Define Leadership roles

Structure 1.7

Leadership roles

1.8

Summary

1.9

Self-Assessment Questions

1.7 LEADERSHIP ROLES A. Create an Inspiring Vision & Lead by Example •

Create an inspiring vision; establish shared values; give direction and setstretch goals

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Manage change strategically, take risks, create change; lead change; manage resistance to change

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Lead by example; practice what you preach; set an example, and share risks or hardship

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Demonstrate confidence; win respect and trust without courting popularity

B. Empower, Inspire, and Energize People •

Be enthusiastic; inspire and energize people; create a positive work environment

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Empower people; delegate authority; be open to ideas; have faith in the creativity of others

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Communicate openly and honestly; give clear guidelines; set clear expectations 4

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Empathize; be willing to discuss and solve problems; listen with understanding; support and help

C. Build and Lead a Team •

Use team approach; facilitate cooperation; involve everyone; trust ones group; rely on their judgment

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Bring out the best in ones people; have common touch with them; coach and provide effective feedback

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Permit group decision; help ones team reach better decisions

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Monitor progress, but don't micromanage, lead ones team; avoid close supervision; do not over boss; do not dictate; lead team self-assessment

The Key Roles of Leadership •

These apply as much to a class teacher as to the Principal and B.O.T. Chairperson the Principal is the 'head learner'! He/she models the way.

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Leadership is not an issue of personality but one of providing direction, a sense of future!

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Some one once said: 'There are three important requirements for a Quality School: Leadership! Leadership! and Leadership!'

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Leaders have 'attitude' - they have 'a point of view' - they challenge current expectations. They adapt never adopt - every thing is judged according to the school shared beliefs (the Vision) . They say no - they control their change agenda!

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Leadership is all about purpose. Purpose creates consensus, commitment and collegiality. Management is about maintenance. Both are required - but Leadership is the key to developing a shared Vision

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Leaders focus on what is important - makes it explicit what the school is to achieve. They limit and focus innovations - believing in doing a few things well - Quality not quantity Leaders provide clarity and a sense of shared destiny - and in turn a sense of security and hope. Clarity reduces overload complexity and in turn develops empowerment and decision making.

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They spread optimism - they manage the 'heart' - and they say thanks (and often get little in return). They model the way - set the example - by living their values.

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Leaders communicate what is important. 5

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Leaders always expect the best - they believe and expect everyone to continually improve. They are optimists. They enable others to act by clarifying expectations and by building trust

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They treat people with empathy - apply the 'Golden Rule' at all times

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By providing clear agreed expectations they provide paradoxically a safe environment to take risks. All learners, to be trusted, need to Know: Why? What? How? and When?

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Leaders ensure that all understand what criteria they have to live up to - how success is to be judged

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They hold people accountable to agreed commitments - even when it would be easier to ignore. Leaders have to show moral toughness. They must see conflict as an opportunity to focus on what is important.

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Leaders give recognition to those who show initiative or appropriate behaviour - they build on the strengths the school has. They continually provide feedback and encourage sharing.

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They must support those who need help the most - and provide whatever help is required.

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They must be seen as trustworthy - must live up to their own beliefs; practice what they preach!

1.8 SUMMARY Key Leadership Roles • • •

Create an Inspiring Vision & Lead by Example Empower, Inspire, and Energize People Build and Lead a Team

1.9 SELF ASSESSMENTQUESTIONS 1) Explain the role of a leader in an Organisation.

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PART A LEADERSHIP UNIT 2 IMPORTANCE OF FUNCTIONS, ROLES, PERSONALITY AND SKILLS 3 HOUR Objectives After completion of the unit, you should be able to: Discuss the qualities of a leader

Structure 1.10 Qualities of a Leader 1.11 Summary 1.12 Self-Assessment Questions

1.10 QUALITIES OF A LEADER The ten most important leadership qualities

A company's success significantly depends upon the leadership abilities of its managers. Those in the top position who want to competently lead employees need leadership qualities. Some of these leadership qualities can be learned, while others are character traits. A requirement for leadership skills is having a natural sense of authority and feeling comfortable in a position of leadership, as only then will your employees trust you and allow you to lead. The following describes the ten leadership qualities deemed most important by recruitment consultants and psychologists:

1. Communication The ability to communicate is deemed an important leadership quality by many. That is no surprise, as a large part of a manager's job involves communicating content and strategies internally and externally. However, this flow of information may not be one-sided, since good bosses always have an open ear for their employees' concerns. Successful communication requires a diplomatic touch-this too is an important leadership quality.

2. Set a good example

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Leaders also function as role models, as bosses are always being observed. Supervisors who need something from their employees that they themselves won't do quickly lose their credibility.

3. Readiness to take on and give up responsibility Someone has to be the one to make decisions and assume responsibility, and that person is generally the boss. However, leadership skills can also be seen as an ability to surrender responsibility and to delegate tasks. Those who pass responsibility on to their employees motivate them and ensure their loyalty.

4. Motivation Motivating employees, inspiring them, and fostering enthusiasm for projects is one of the most important leadership qualities and a key to success because only motivated employees are good employees.

5. Recognise and foster potential Managers with leadership qualities have a keen sense of how people tick: they recognise special abilities and know how to use them for the company. Instead of being scared of potential competitors, such managers encourage talented and motivated employees to transform them into new leaders.

6. Tolerate mistakes Mistakes happen, and no one is immune. But one learns from mistakes. Thus, as the boss, you should show a certain degree of tolerance for mistakes. Instead of getting angry and criticising, you should work together to analyse mistakes so that they are not repeated. Employees who are afraid of mistakes and of their supervisors cannot work effectively or freely.

7. Flexibility Supervisors must be able to adjust their leadership style to suit the situation. This requires flexibility and intuition.

8. Set goals and expectations Employees can only work in a goal-oriented manner when you clearly explain what you expect of them. Those who give their team challenging tasks with clear, realistic deadlines can expect good results.

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9. Self-reflexion Everyone has strengths and weaknesses, even supervisors. The more aware you are of your own abilities and the more open you are about them, the more successful you will be as a leader.

10. Authenticity Even when you are the boss you should be yourself and find your own individual style of leadership. Those who pretend to be something they are not or hide behind their role of supervisor come across as unauthentic and over time will not be successful leaders.

1.11 SUMMARY Leadership Qualities 1. Build and Lead a Team 2. Set a good example 3. Readiness to take on and give up responsibility 4. Motivation 5. Recognise and foster potential 6. Tolerate mistakes 7. Flexibility 8. Set goals and expectations 9. Self-reflexion 10. Authenticity

1.12 SELF ASSESSMENTQUESTIONS 1) What do you think makes a great leader? Can you think of any other essential qualities and traits? 2) What leadership qualities do you have provide with examples.

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PART A LEADERSHIP UNIT 2 IMPORTANCE OF FUNCTIONS, ROLES, PERSONALITY AND SKILLS 3 HOUR Objectives After completion of the unit, you should be able to: Discuss the skills of a leader

Structure 1.13 Skills of a Leader 1.14 Summary 1.15 Self-Assessment Questions

1.13 SKILLS OF A LEADER As a leader, you need to be able to clearly and succinctly explain to your employees everything from organizational goals to specific tasks. Leaders must master all forms of communication, including one-on-one, departmental, and fullstaff conversations, as well as communication via the phone, email, and social media. A large part of communication involves listening. Therefore, leaders should establish a steady flow of communication between themselves and their staff or team members, either through an open-door policy or regular conversations with workers. Leaders should make themselves regularly available to discuss issues and concerns with employees. Other skills related to communication include: 1. Communication •

Active listening

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Articulating

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Business storytelling

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Clarity

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Concision

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Correspondence

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Editing 10

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Explaining

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Expression

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Facilitating group conversations

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Nonverbal communication

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Presentation

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Public speaking

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Reading body language

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Reducing ambiguity

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Verbal communication

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Written communication

2. Motivation Leaders need to inspire their workers to go the extra mile for their organizations; just paying a fair salary to employees is typically not enough inspiration (although it is important too). There are a number of ways to motivate your workers: you may build employee self-esteem through recognition and rewards, or by giving employees new responsibilities to increase their investment in the company. Leaders must learn what motivators work best for their employees or team members to encourage productivity and passion. Skills related to effective motivation include: •

Allowing employee autonomy

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Asking for input

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Assessing interests of staff

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Convincing

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Mentoring

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Open to employee concerns

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Persuasive

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Providing productive and challenging work

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Providing rewards

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Recognizing others

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Setting effective goals

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Team-building

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Thanking staff

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Understanding employee differences

3. Delegating Leaders who try to take on too many tasks by themselves will struggle to get anything done. These leaders often fear that delegating tasks is a sign of weakness, when in fact it is a sign of a strong leader. Therefore, you need to identify the skills of each of your employees, and assign duties to each employee based on his or her skill set. By delegating tasks to staff members, you can focus on other important tasks. Some skills that make a good delegator include: 11

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Accepting feedback from employees

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Allotting resources for employees

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Assessing employee strengths and weaknesses

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Defining expectations

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Evaluating employee performance

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Identifying measurable outcomes

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Matching the task to the right employee

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Prioritizing tasks

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Setting expectations

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Teamwork

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Time management

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Training

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Trust in employees

4. Positivity A positive attitude can go a long way in an office. You should be able to laugh at yourself when something doesn't go quite as planned; this helps create a happy and healthy work environment, even during busy, stressful periods. Simple acts like asking employees about their vacation plans will develop a positive atmosphere in the office, and raise morale among staff members. If employees feel that they work in a positive environment, they will be more likely to want to be at work, and will therefore be more willing to put in the long hours when needed. Some skills that help make for a positive atmosphere in the workplace include: •

Caring

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Conflict management

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Developing rapport

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Diplomacy

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Encouraging

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Empathetic

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Friendliness

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Helping others

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Humor

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Interpersonal

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Positive reinforcement

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Respect

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Social

5. Trustworthiness Employees need to be able to feel comfortable coming to their manager or leader with questions and concerns. It is important for you to demonstrate your integrity – employees will only trust leaders they respect.

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By being open and honest, you will encourage the same sort of honesty in your employees. Here are some skills and qualities that will help you convey your trustworthiness as a leader: •

Ability to apologize

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Accountability

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Business ethics

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Confidentiality

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Conscientious

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Consistent in behavior towards employees

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Credibility

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Emotional intelligence

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Empathy

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Honesty

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Integrity

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Moral compass

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Reliability

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Respectfulness

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Standing up for what is right

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Thoughtful

6. Creativity As a leader, you have to make a number of decisions that do not have a clear answer; you therefore need to be able to think outside of the box. Learning to try non-traditional solutions, or approaching problems in non-traditional ways, will help you to solve an otherwise unsolvable problem. Most employees will also be impressed and inspired by a leader who doesn't always choose the safe, conventional path. Here are some skills related to creative thinking: •

Analytical

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Cognitive flexibility

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Conceptualization

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Critical thinking

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Curiosity

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Embracing different cultural perspectives

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Foresight

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Identifying patterns

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Imaginative

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Innovative

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Listening to others’ ideas

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Making abstract connections

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Observation 13

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Open-mindedness

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Problem solving

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Sound judgment

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Synthesizing

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Visionary

7. Feedback Leaders should constantly look for opportunities to deliver useful information to team members about their performance. However, there is a fine line between offering employees advice and assistance, and micromanaging. By teaching employees how to improve their work and make their own decisions, you will feel more confident delegating tasks to your staff. Employees will also respect a leader who provides feedback in a clear but empathetic way. Some skills for giving clear feedback include: •

Being open to receiving feedback

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Building confidence in employees

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Clarity

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Clearly laying out expectations

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Coaching

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Following up

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Frequent feedback

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Listening to employees’ responses

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Mentoring

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Positive reinforcement

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Providing specific advice

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Respectful

8. Responsibility A leader is responsible for both the successes and failures of his or her team. Therefore, you need to be willing to accept blame when something does not go correctly. If your employees see their leader pointing fingers and blaming others, they will lose respect for you. Accept mistakes and failures, and then devise clear solutions for improvement. Here are some skills and qualities that help leaders convey their responsibility: •

Acknowledging mistakes

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Being open to customer feedback

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Evaluating best solutions

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Forecasting

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Learning from past mistakes

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Listening to feedback from employees and managers

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Project planning 14

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Reflectiveness

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Resolving problems

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Transparency

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Trouble shooting

9. Commitment It is important for leaders to follow through with what they agree to do. You should be willing to put in the extra hours to complete an assignment; employees will see this commitment and follow your example. Similarly, when you promise your staff a reward, such as an office party, you should always follow through. A leader cannot expect employees to commit to their jobs and their tasks if he or she cannot do the same. Some skills related to commitment in the workplace include: •

Applying feedback

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Commitment to company objectives

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Determination

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Embracing professional development

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Following through

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Keeping promises

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Passion

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Perseverance

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Prioritization

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Professionalism

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Team player

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Work ethic

10. Flexibility Mishaps and last-minute changes always occur at work. Leaders need to be flexible, accepting whatever changes come their way. Employees will appreciate your ability to accept changes in stride and creatively problem solve. Similarly, leaders must be open to suggestions and feedback. If your staff is dissatisfied with an aspect of the office environment, listen to their concern and be open to making necessary changes. Employees will appreciate a leader's ability to accept appropriate feedback. Skills related to flexibility include: •

Ability to learn new skills

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Ability to respond to new problems or issues

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Adaptability

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Improvising

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Negotiating

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Open to feedback

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Recognizing individuals’ strengths and skills

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Treating employees as individuals

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1.14 SUMMARY Skills of a Leader 1. Communication 2. Motivation 3. Delegating 4. Positivity 5. Trustworthiness 6. Creativity 7. Feedback 8. Responsibility 9. Commitment 10. Flexibility

1.15 SELF ASSESSMENTQUESTIONS 1) How do you demonstrate Leadership Skills? 2) How to Show Your Leadership Skills (When You’re Not the Boss)

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PART A LEADERSHIP UNIT 2 IMPORTANCE OF FUNCTIONS, ROLES, PERSONALITY AND SKILLS 5 HOUR Objectives After completion of the unit, you should be able to: Understand the Functional Character of a leader.

Structure 1.16 Functional Leadership Characteristics 1.17 Summary 1.18 Self-Assessment Questions

1.16 FUNCTIONAL LEADERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS According to the functional leadership model, the primary task of the leader is to ensure that all requirements of the group are met so that goals can be achieved. The functional style places more importance on behaviors that get things done rather than assigning a formal leadership role. The following are the characteristics of a functional leadership style. 1. Priority on needs The basic notion of functional leadership is that any group will have three primary needs •

The needs of the task

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The needs of the team

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The needs of individuals who make up the team

These three needs are the basic building blocks that form functional leadership. When these needs are met, goals are achieved and the organization progresses.

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2. Focus on actions The functional leadership theory has been developed after studying the behaviors of successful leaders, and identifying the particular actions that led to successful results. Here, the focus is more on what the leader does than on who the leader is. 3. Result oriented In functional leadership, what matters is whether things get done. The leadership role is fluid and the primary emphasis is on ensuring behaviors that achieve a particular result. It isn’t much use getting applauded on a great leadership style if nobody does anything. 4. Flexible leadership role The functional leadership approach maintains that it is not necessary for a group to have only one particular member who performs all the leadership functions. The idea is that any group member can perform these actions, which means that anyone can be the leader. It doesn’t matter who does what, what matters is whether the task gets done. Therefore, the leadership role itself is quite flexible. 5. Clear understanding of individual responsibilities Under the functional leadership style where the actions of each individual matter, it is of vital importance that each member knows exactly how he or she contributes to the group to achieve its goals. Everyone has to know what they’re supposed to do, and the leader is responsible to ensure clear understanding of each individual’s desired behaviors. 6. Organizing In order for the group to effectively perform their task, the functional leader must ensure that the group is properly organized. Not only should each member have a clear understanding of what is expected of them, but the group itself should be properly structured to facilitate their actions. 7. Motivation The functional leader must ensure that every individual in the group feels sufficiently appreciated for their efforts and actions. In the absence of motivation or clear communication about how their actions contribute to the group’s success, there’s a high chance that members might get dejected and leave the group. 8. Controlling Functional leadership involves a great deal of controlling exactly what happens in the team. Resources are usually limited in any situation, and the leader must control what happens by being efficient about getting the maximum results from the available resources. 9. Setting an example People tend to observe their leaders and emulate their behaviors. Functional leaders set an example by doing the things that they want their followers to do.

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10. Guidance Team members want to know how they are doing, and whether they need to change anything. They need feedback about their jobs and how they can improve. One of the important tasks of a functional leader is to provide appropriate guidance to all members.

The functional style assumes that leadership is defined by the behavior of the leader and its corresponding effect on the group. Leadership is something that any individual provides to a group to meet certain needs.

1.17 SUMMARY Functional Leadership Characteristics 1. Priority on needs 2. Focus on actions 3. Result oriented 4. Flexible leadership role 5. Clear understanding of individual responsibilities 6. Organizing 7. Motivation 8. Controlling 9. Setting an example 10. Guidance

1.18 SELF ASSESSMENTQUESTIONS 1. "Leadership is the key to 99 percent of all successful efforts" – Explain.

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PART A LEADERSHIP UNIT 2 IMPORTANCE OF FUNCTIONS, ROLES, PERSONALITY AND SKILLS 6 HOUR Objectives After completion of the unit, you should be able to: Understand the importance of leadership in the organization.

Structure 1.19 Importance of leadership in Organisation 1.20 Summary 1.21 Self-Assessment Questions

1.19 IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP IN ORGANISATION Leadership plays an important part in the success of any organisation. In the absence of effective leadership no organisation can work efficiently. An organisation is created with the purpose of achieving certain objectives through a human group; it becomes essential to control this human group. The importance of leadership is highlighted by the following facts: •

Leaders are invaluable when it comes to formulating and communicating new strategic directions, as well as motivating employees and increase their dedication to organizational goals/objective

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Leadership acts as the catalyst that makes all other elements work together; without leadership, all other business resources lie dormant

Some of the ways in which leadership can benefit an organization include: •

Setting a clear vision/mission/deliverables and communicating it effectively

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Making employees clearly understand their individual roles and responsibilities towards achieving organizational objectives

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Effective planning and a structured approach to achieve organisational goals

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Inspire and motivate team members to perform to their full potential and bring out the best in every team member. 20

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Good leadership can also help a team remain focused during a time of crisis and boost the morale of the team.

Importance of leadership for Organizational Excellence

The classic model of the good organizational leader is the top executive in the organizational management who directs and who is in control of all aspects of the operations of the organization. This top executive leader operates through a hierarchy of management and the organization had a fairly well defined structure. This type of leadership has some good points and it survived throughout most of the 20th century. The organization of today does not have the luxury of stability since it faces an ever increasing change in markets, customers and technology. It needs to accept, adopt and implement changes in the business model according to changing trends, technologies, customer preferences and future concerns. Further, the core business of the organization is constantly under threat today from the newcomers to the marketplace who are having a different business paradigm. Hence the organization cannot afford to depend upon the leadership of individual or/and a small team of senior executives to meet this challenge. The organization needs to harness the ideas, skills, energy, and enthusiasm of the entire team for success. For meeting of new challenges, this new concept and practice of leadership has evolved, where line managers have taken over the leadership role along with the top executive and his small team of senior executives. Leadership is an important factor for making an organization successful. It is the art or process of influencing people to perform assigned tasks willingly, efficiently and competently. Without leadership a line manager simply cannot be effective. Leadership of the line managers transforms potential into reality. When good leadership is in place in the organization, it can be felt throughout the entire organization. With good leadership, organizational culture is not forced but developed. Communication is effective and open. Everyone understands the vision and goals of the organization, and everyone has input into how they can be improved. People feel that they are an important part of the organization and they give their best for the success of the organization. The leadership in the organization is to meet the three challenges. The first challenge is to provide a shared vision of where the organisation is heading and what its purpose is (the mission). The second challenge is to set objectives, that is, to convert the strategic vision and directional course into specific performance outcomes for each key area which leaders deem important for success. The third challenge in providing strategic direction is to generate and develop a strategy that will determine how to achieve the objectives. Strategic direction is imperative in identifying a systematic intervention that will provide the most leverage to the organisation, as an organisation cannot focus on everything all of the time. Line manager leaders are a key human resource in the organization. These leaders develop better people under them and the two together develop better products which can compete effectively with the products offered by the competitors. We generally think of organizations competing by means of their products, but today organizations probably compete more by means of the quality of their line manager leaders than their products.

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High performance of people in the organization is the focal point for achieving success. This high performance can be secured only if there is effective leadership qualities available with the lines managers. As group efforts and teamwork are essential for realizing the organizational goals, leadership becomes vital for the execution of work. Through leadership, line managers can influence people under them to adopt a cooperative and wholesome attitude for successful work accomplishment. Their leadership motivates the people to a higher level of performance through their strong human relations. Leadership is an important function of management which helps to maximize efficiency and to achieve organizational goals. In fact leadership is an essential part and a crucial component of effective management. A remarkable leadership behaviour stresses upon building an environment in which each and every employee develops and excels. It has the potential to influence and drive the group efforts towards the accomplishment of goals. Line managers must have traits of a leader. They must possess leadership qualities. With leadership qualities line managers can develop and begin strategies that build and sustain competitive advantage. The following are some of the ways which demonstrate the importance of leadership for the achievement of the organizational excellence. •

One of the first steps that the leaders in the organization need to undertake is to establish why the organization exists and what it wants to achieve. Leaders are to clarify and communicate the vision and mission of the organization to the people. This vision and mission effectively provides employees with an understanding of the organizational direction and allows them to clearly understand their roles and responsibilities.

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Leaders communicate the policies and plans to the people of the organization. They are to imbibe the values and the culture of the organization since these play an important role in ensuring the achievement of the organizational goals.

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Leaders provide a structured approach. The structured approach is able to generate a plan of action that most effectively meets the organizational goals. An inclusive planning process also provides the opportunity for people to identify, contribute to, understand and achieve well defined objectives.

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The commitment and enthusiasm of leaders shape the common goals of the organization and provides inspiration and motivation for people to perform at a high level.

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Leaders provide encouragement to people for openly contributing and discussing new ideas in a positive environment and make use of their diverse experience and ideas to improve the organization.

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Leaders have an open and engaging relationship with the people. This relationship demonstrates that the people are valued as an integral part of the organization, creates a sense of ownership among people, and develops a closer alignment between individual and organizational objectives.

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Good leadership can help the organization remain focused during a time of crisis, reminding the people of their achievements and encourage them to set short term, achievable goals.

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1.20 SUMMARY Leadership determines excellent organizational performance. Leadership success in the implementation of the strategy is manifested in a conducive organizational climate, a reward strategy that is linked to strategic objectives, flexible structures that support business demands, and an effective organizational culture that influence behaviour in the right direction. The ultimate desired end results manifest itself in aligned individual and organizational performance.

1.21 SELF ASSESSMENTQUESTIONS 1. How important is leadership in an organisation?

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