Paramyxoviridae

PARAMYXOVIRIDAE PETER H. RUSSELL, BVSc, PhD, FRCPath, MRCVS Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 OTU.

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Objective Students should be able to: • describe the importance of fusion protein for virus penetration and vaccination. • realise that respiratory syncytial virus is still a primary virus of calf pneumonia • describe how distemper virus causes disease in dogs and how it is controlled.

Introduction:

Classification: 3 Genera:

Paramyxovirus; Pneumoviruses; Morbilliviruses.

Structure:

Cultivation and cytopathic effect: HA in eggs, syncytia in tissue culture.

Cell tropism in vivo:

Genus

PARAMYXOVIRUS

NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS, (AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS 1)

MURINE PARAINFLUENZA‑1 (SENDAI VIRUS)

BOVINE PARAINFLUENZA ‑3 (PI ‑3)

BOVINE PARAINFLUENZA ‑3 (PI ‑3) (cont.)

PARAINFLUENZA‑5 (PI‑5)

Genus PNEUMOVIRUS,BOVINE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS (BRSV)

Genus PNEUMOVIRUS,BOVINE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS (BRSV) (cont.)

Genus

MORBILLIVIRUS

DISTEMPER VIRUS (CDV)

Genus

MORBILLIVIRUS

DISTEMPER VIRUS (CDV)

(cont.)

Genus

MORBILLIVIRUS

DISTEMPER VIRUS (CDV)

(cont.)

RINDERPEST (Cattle plague)

RINDERPEST (Cattle plague) (cont.)

PESTE DE PETIT RUMINANT

EQUID PARAMYXOVIRUS ( alias Hendra virus; Hendra is a suburb of Brisbane)

NIPAH VIRUS

Summary

3 genera of paramyxoviridae occur : para-, morbilli- and pneumo- viruses The isolates are monotypic because they have an unsegmented genome and conserved antigens on the fusion protein. NDV is a serious notifiable disease of poultry. BRSV is the most common cause of calf pneumonia. Vaccines limit disease but do not prevent infection and some exacerbate disease by immune complex disease. CDV was the major pathogen of dogs but has been controlled in the UK by vaccination. A variety of unexpected infections of man and wildlife have occurred.