Paper 2 Question

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3 Section A

For Examiner’s Use

[ 60 marks ] Answer all questions. The time suggested to complete this section is 90 minutes 1 Diagram 1 shows the structure of a pancreas cell as seen under an electron microscope. Diagram 1 menunjukkan struktur satu sel pankreas yang dilihat di bawah mikroskop elektron.

P

Q:

R:

S:

DIAGRAM 1 (a )(i) Name the type of the cell. 1 (a)(i)

Namakan jenis sel tersebut. ………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (ii) State one reason for your answer in a (i). Nyatakan satu alasan bagi jawapan anda di (a)(i)

1 (a)(ii) ………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] 4551/2 ® 2007

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(b) (i) State the function of P. Nyatakan fungsi P. 1 (b)(i) …………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

(ii)

State the material component of P. Nyatakan komponen pada P. 1 (b)(ii) ................................................................................................................. [1mark]

(iii)

Diagram 2 shows part of the structure of a component P. Diagram 2 menunjukkan sebahagian struktur komponen P.

X

Y Z

DIAGRAM 2 Name the parts labelled X, Y and Z. Namakan bahagian yang berlabel X, Y and Z. X: Y: Z:

…………………………………………. ………………………………………… ………………………………………….

marks]

(c)

1 (b)(iii) [3 1 (c)

On Diagram 1, label the structures Q, R and S.

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Pada Diagram 1, labelkan struktur Q, R dan S. [3 marks] (d)

Q and R are involved in the synthesis of external enzymes. Explain the functional relationship between Q and R. Q dan R terlibat dalam sintesis enzim luar sel. Terangkan perkaitan fungsi antara Q dan R. ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………

1 (d)

………………………………………………………………………………… [ 3 marks ]

TOTAL

2 Diagram 2 shows the structure of plasma membrane based on the fluid mosaic model. Diagram 2 menunjukkan struktur membran plasma berdasarkan model bendalir mozek.

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Membran plasma

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DIAGRAM 2

(a) (i) Name the structure X. Namakan struktur X. 2 (a)(i) ………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark ] (ii) What is the characteristic of structure X? Apakah ciri struktur X?. ……………………………………………………………………………..….. …………………………………………………………………………………. [ 1 mark ]

2 (a)(ii)

(iii) Give one example of substance P. Why does it move into the cell through structure X?. Berikan satu contoh bahan P. Mengapakah bahan P memasuki sel melalui struktur X? ………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………

2 (a)(iii)

………………………………………………………………………………… [ 2 marks ]

(b)

State the characteristics of substance Q. Explain how does Q transported into the cell. Nyatakan ciri bahan Q. Terangkan bagaimana Q diangkut ke dalam sel. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… [ 2 marks ]

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2 (b)

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(c)

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A respiratory poison is added into the water that contains Paramecium sp. Explain the effects of poison on the movement of substance R into Paramecium sp. Sejenis racun respirasi dimasukkan ke dalam air yang di diami oleh sel Paramecium sp. Terangkan kesan racun tersebut ke atas pergerakan bahan R ke dalam sel Paramecium sp. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… [ 2 marks ]

2 (c)

(d)The concentration of iodine ion in Nitella sp., an alga is higher as compared to it surrounding.

However, it still can absorb the iodine from its

surrounding. Name the process and explain how it is happened. Kepekatan ion iodine di dalam alga Nitella sp, lebih tinggi berbanding dengan persekitarannya.

Bagaimana pun, ia masih boleh menyerap iodine dari

persekitarannya. Namakan proses dan terangkan bagaimana ia berlaku. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………

2 (d)

[ 4 marks ] TOTAL

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3 Diagram 3.1 shows the cross-section through a lung bronchiole terminal and alveolus of two individuals R and S. Diagram 3.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas hujung bronkiol peparu dan alveolus bagi 2 orang individu R dan S.

Blood capillary Kapilari darah Bronchiole terminal of individual R Hujung bronkiol pada individu R

Bronchiole terminal terminal Bronchiole of individual individual SS of Hujung bronkiol pada individu S

DIAGRAM 3.1 (a)(i) Which lung is more effective in respiratory gaseous exchange? Peparu individu manakah yang lebih berkesan dalam pertukaran gas respirasi?.

3 (a)(i)

………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (ii) Explain your answer in (a)(i). Terangkan jawapan anda di (a)(i). …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… 4551/2 ® 2007

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3 (a)(ii)

(b) Based on the Diagram 3.1, explain two the adaptations of the alveolus to increase its effectiveness in respiratory gaseous exchange. Berdasarkan pada Daigram 3.1, terangkan dua penyesuaian alveolus untuk meningkatkan kecekapannya dalam pertukaran gas respirasi. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………

3 (b)

[2 marks] Diagram 3.2 shows the various structures involved in the regulation of the carbon dioxide concentration in the body fluid. Diagram 3.2 menunjukkan beberapa struktur yang terlibat dalam pengawalaturan kepekatan karbon dioksida dalam bendalir badan.

Drop / rise in carbon dioxide concentration Penurunan / peningkatan kepekatan karbon dioksida

Pusat respirasi

Jasad karotid

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DIAGRAM 3.2 (c) Name the structures R and S. Describe the function of structure below :Namakan struktur R dan S. Huraikan fungsi struktur tersebut :(i) R : ............................................................................................................... Description: ………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………..

3 (c)(i)

[2 mark] (ii) S :

…………………………………………………………………....................

Description: …………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 mark]

3 (c)(ii)

(d) During vigorous exercise, the concentration of carbon dioxide in muscle tissue increases. Based on Diagram 3.2, describe the regulation of carbon dioxide. Semasa aktiviti cergas, kepekatan karbon dioksida dalam tisu otot meningkat. Berdasarkan kepada Diagram 3.2, huraikan pengawalaturan gas karbon dioksida. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………

3 (d)

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TOTAL 4 A series of experiment in Diagrams 4.1 and 4.2 were conducted to study the effect of the tip on the growth of corn coleoptile. Satu siri eksperimen pada Diagram 4.1 dan 4.3 telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan hujung koleoptil ke atas pertumbuhan koleoptil jagung. In the dark Dalam gelap The tip is removed Hujungnya dikeluarkan After 7 days Selepas 7 hari

Coleoptile koleoptil

DIAGRAM 4.1

In the dark Dalam gelap The tip is removed and replaced Hujungnya dikeluarkan dan diletakkan semula

Coleoptile koleoptil

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After 7 days Selepas 7 hari

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DIAGRAM 4.2 (a) (i) On the Diagram 4.1 and 4.2, draw your observation in the space given. Pada Diagram 4.1 dan 4.2, lukiskan pemerhatian anda dalam ruang yang

4 (a)(i)

disediakan. [ 2 marks ] (ii) Give the reason for the answer in (a) (i). Berikan alasan kepada jawapan anda di (a)(i). …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… 4(a)(ii) [ 2 marks ]

Black box Kotak hitam The tip is removed and replaced Hujung dikeluarkan dan diletakannya semula

Light cahaya

After a few days Selepas beberapa hari

Coleoptile

DIAGRAM 4.3 (b) The result in Diagram 4.3 shows that the coleoptile bends towards light. Explain the result. Keputusan pada Diagram 4.3 menunjukkan koleoptil membengkok ke arah cahaya. Terangkan keputusan tersebut ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… 4551/2 ® 2007

4(b)

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……………………………………………………………………………………… (c) (i) Name a plant hormone that can be found in the shoot tip? Namakan satu hormon tumbuhan yang terdapat pada hujung pucuk?

4(c)(i)

………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark ] (ii) What is the effect of plant hormone in (c)(i) on the growth of plant? Apakah kesan hormon tumbuhan di (c)(i) ke atas pertumbuhan pada tumbuhan. ………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 2 marks ]

(d)

4(c)(ii)

Plant hormones are used extensively in agriculture to modify plant growth and development. Hormon

tumbuhan

digunakan

secara

intensif

dalam

pertanian

untuk

mengubahsuai pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tumbuhan. (i)

What is the function of the hormone in culture tissue? Apakah fungsi hormon tersebut dalam tisu kultur?. ………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark ]

(ii)

4(d)(i)

Explain the use of hormone in parthenocarpic fruit development. Terangkan kegunaan hormon tersebut dalam perkembangan buah secara partenokarpi. ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………….

4(d)(ii)

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5 Two individuals P and Q were injected to acquire immunity.

The level of

Booster dose (2nd) stimulates a faster and larger lasting response.

Concentration of antibodies in the blood (arbitrary unit)

Individual P Individu Q

Kepekatan antibodi dalam darah (unit arbitrary)

antibody in the blood of individual P and Q is shown in Diagram 5.1 and 5.2.

Immunity level

Aras keimunan

0

1

2

st

3

1 Injection2 1 vaccination st

Suntikan pertama

4

5

6

7

9

Masa

2nd Injection vaccination

nd

8

(minggu) Time (weeks)

Suntikan kedua

Increase immediately Concentration of antibodies in the blood (arbitrary unit)

Individual Q Individu Q

Kepekatan antibodi dalam darah (unit arbitrary)

DIAGRAM 5.1

Immunity level

Aras keimunan

0

1

2

1st injection

Suntikan pertama

3 nd

2

4

5

injection

Suntikan kedua

6

7

8

9

Time (weeks) Mas ( minggu)

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(a) What is the substances injected into the blood of individual P and individual Q? Apakah bahan yang disuntik ke dalam darah individu P dan Q? P : ………………………………………………………………………………… Q : …………………………………………………………………………………

5 (a)

[ 1 marks ]

(b) Explain the type of immunity obtained by individual P and individual Q. Terangkan jenis keimunan yang diperolehi oleh individu P dan individu Q. P : …………………………………………………………………………….…. ……………………………………………………………………………..… Q : ………………………………………………………………………………..

5(b)

…………………………………………………………………………….…. [ 2 marks ] A boy was bitten by a snake. He was unconscious and now he is in a hospital. Seorang budak lelaki telah digigit ular.

Ia tidak

sedarkan diri dan sekarang berada di hospital.

(c) Using biology knowledge, describe how you could save that boy. Dengan menggunakan pengetahuan biologi anda, huraikan bagaimana anda dapat menyelamatkan budak lelaki itu. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………[ 4551/2 ® 2007

5(c)

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16 4 marks ]

Table 5.1 shows a schedule of immunisation given for every new born until 2 year old in Malaysia. Jadual 5.1 menunjukkan satu Rancangan Pengimunan yang diberikan kepada bayi yang baru lahir sehingga berusia 2 tahun di Malaysia. Age Umur

Tuberculosis (B.C.G) Batuk kering Hepatitis B Hepatitis B

( First dose ) ( Dos pertama)

1 month 1 bulan

Hepatitis B Hepatitis B

( Second dose ) ( Dos kedua)

3 month 3 bulan

Triple Antigen Antigen Tigaan Polio Lumpuh

( First dose ) ( Dos pertama )

4 month 4 bulan

Triple Antigen Antigen Tigaan Polio Lumpuh

( Second dose ) ( Dos ke dua )

Triple Antigen Antigen Tigaan Polio Lumpuh

( Second dose ) ( Dos kedua )

Hepatitis B Hepatitis B

( Third dose ) ( Dos ketiga )

New born Bayi baru lahir

5 month 5 bulan

9 – 24 month 9- 24 bulan 1 ½ - 2 year 1 ½ - 2 tahun

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Types of Immunity Jenis Pengimunan

Germans measles Campak German Triple Antigen Antigen Tigaan Polio Lumpuh TABLE 5.1 JADUAL 5.1

( Third dose ) ( Dos ketiga )

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(d) Based on Table 5.1, explain why every parent must be obey that schedule to ensure that their baby are safe from certain diseases. Berdasarkan Jadual 5, terangkan mengapa setiap ibu bapa mesti mematuhi Rancangan Pengimunan bagi memastikan bayi mereka selamat daripada beberapa penyakit. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… 5(d) ……………………………………………………………………………………… [ 4 marks ] TOTAL

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18 Section B [ 20 marks ] Answer any one question. The time suggested to complete this section is 30 minutes

6 The process of colonisation and succession occurred in a mangrove swamp until a stable climax community is achieved. Proses pengkolonian dan sesaran berlaku di paya bakau sehingga komuniti klimaks tercapai

(a) (i) Describe the meaning of : Huraikan maksud :

o colonization

pengkolonian

o succession

sesaran [4

marks] (ii) State the unsuitable conditions for habitation in the mangrove swamp and then describe how the mangrove trees such as Avicennia sp. and Sonneratia sp. were adapted to overcome these problems in their environment. Nyatakan keadaan- keadaan persekitaran yang tidak sesuai untuk kehidupan di paya bakau dan kemudian huraikan bagaimanakah ciri- ciri penyesuaian yang dipunyai oleh pokok bakau seperti pada pokok Avicennia sp. dan Sonneratia sp. dapat mengatasi keadaan- keadaan tersebut. [8 marks]

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A healthy and beautiful environment is everyone’s dream. However, irresponsible activities gave some bad impact on ecosystem such as soil erosion, flash flood, landslide, global warming and climatic change. Persekitaran

yang

Bagaimanapun,

sihat

dan

indah

adalah

impian

aktiviti-aktiviti

tidak

bertanggung

setiap

jawab

orang. manusia

mendatangkan kesan buruk kepada ekosistem seperti hakisan tanah, banjir kilat, tanah runtuh, pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim.

(b) Describe human activities that endanger an ecosystem and suggest the ways how to manage the problems. Nyatakan empat aktiviti manusia yang mengancam ekosistem dan cadangkan empat kaedah untuk mengurus masalah tersebut. [10 marks ] 7

Homeostasis is the process of maintaining the chemical and physical factors in the internal environment through the negative feedback mechanism. Homeostasis ialah proses pengekalan faktor- faktor kimia dan fizikal di persekitaran dalam melalui mekanisme suap balik negatif (a)(i) Explain how the endocrine system function in the negative feedback mechanism. Terangkan bagaimana sistem endokrin berfungsi dalam mekanisme suap balik negatif [4 marks]

(ii)

Diagram 7 shows the schematic diagram of negative feedback mechanism in the regulation of blood osmotic pressure. Diagram 7 menunjukkan rajah skema mekanisme suap balik negative untuk

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pengosmokawalaturan tekanan osmosis darah

Corrective mechanism Mekanisme pembetulan Increases Meningkat

Decreases Menurun

Normal blood osmotic pressure Tekanan osmosis darah yang rendah

Normal blood osmotic pressure Tekanan osmosis darah yang normal

DIAGRAM 7 Based on the Diagram 7, explain how the corrective mechanism

occurs in

the

regulation of the blood osmotic pressure to the normal. Berdasarkan Rajah 7, terangkan bagaimana mekanisme pembetulan berlaku dalam pengkawalaturan

tekanan

osmosis

darah

supaya

kembali

normal. [6 marks]

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(b) Table 7 shows the concentration of some substances in the blood plasma, glomerular filtrate and urine of an adult. Jadual 7 menunjukkan kepekatan bahan- bahan dalam plasma darah, turasan glomerulus dan air kencing seorang dewasa. Concentration of substance in fluid (g/dm3 ) Substances in fluid Bahan dalam cecair Glucose Glukosa Amino acid Asid amino Protein Protein Urea Urea Sodium ion Ion Natrium

Kepekatan bahan dalam cecair (g/dm3 ) Blood plasma Glomerular Urine produced by entering the filtrate kidney glomerulus Filtrat Urine yang Plasma darah yang glomerulus dihasilkan oleh ginjal memasuki glomerulus 1.0

1.0

0.0

1.5

1.5

0.0

80.0

0.0

0.0

0.3

0.3

20.0

3.2

3.2

3.5

TABLE 7 JADUAL 7 Based on the Table 7, describe how the process of urine formation occurs in an individual. Berdasarkan Jadual 7, terangkan bagaimana proses pembentukan air kencing berlaku. [10 marks]

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Section C [ 20 marks ] Answer any one question. The time suggested to complete this section is 30 minutes 8

(a) Diagram 8.1 shows the schematic diagram of two gametogenesis process P and Q in the human reproductive organ. Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan rajah skema gametogenesis P dan Q dalam organ pembiakan manusia. Gametogenesis P

Gametogenesis P Gametogenesis Q

Spermatogonia

Oogonia

Primary spermatocyte Spermatosit primer

Primary oocyte Oosit primer

Secondry Oosit sekunder oocyte polar JasadFirst kutub pertama body

Second polar Jasad kutub kedua body

Primary Spermatosit spermatocyte sekunder

Sperma

ovum DIAGRAM 8.1

(a) State the meaning of gametogenesis based on the schematic diagram above. Nyatakan maksud gametogenesis berdasarkan rajah skema di atas. [ 2 marks ] 4551/2 ® 2007

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(b) Compare the two gametogenesis process P and Q . Bandingkan antara gameogenesis P dan Q. [ 8 marks ] (c) Diagram 8.2 shows the hormones involved in the human menstrual cycle. Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan hormon- hormon yang terlibat dalam kitaran haid manusia.

Gonadotroph CCcc hormones level (arbitrary unit) Aras hormon gonadotrof (unit arbitrary)

Sex hormones level (arbitrary unit) Aras hormon seks (unit arbitrary) 0

5

14

28 Time/ days Masa / hari

DIAGRAM 8.2 Based on the Diagram 8.2, explain the relationship between the hormones level with the changes in the endometrium thickness and the follicle development. Berdasarkan Rajah 8.2, terangkan hubungan antara aras hormon dengan perubahan pada ketebalan endometrium dan perkembangan folikel. [10 marks ]

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(a)

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Describe the genetic engineering in biotechnology development. Huraikan kejuruteraan genetic dalam perkembangan bioteknologi. [4 marks]

Human pancreas cell Sel pancreas manusia Gene for insulin production Gen untuk penghasilan insulin

Bacterium,E.coli Bakteria, E.coli

DNA molecule Molekul DNA DIAGRAM 9.1

(b)

Based on Diagram 9.1, explain how bacteria are used in the medical purpose. Berdasarkan Diagram 9.1, terangkan bagaimana bacteria digunakan dalam kegunaan perubatan. [6 marks]

(c)

Justify the advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering. Berikan penilaian anda tentang kebaikan dan keburukan kejuruteraan genetik. [10 marks]

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RUANG UNTUK JAWAPAN / SPACE FOR ANSWERS Bahagian / Section : ………………………… No.Soalan / Question no :………………………

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_____________________________________________________________________________ _ Bahagian / Section : ………………………… No.Soalan / Question no :……………………… Untuk

Kegunaan Pemeriksa

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