Pang-defence.docx

1 Republic of the Philippines Surigao State College of Technology Del Carmen Campus Siargao Island, Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte

A Survey of Commercial Crab Species: Basis for Production of Moringa Crab Polvoron A Research Paper Presented to Faculty of Education Division Surigao State College of Technology – Del Carmen Campus Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte

In Partial Fulfillment for the Degree Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Biological Science By: June Mark S. Hermoso Avonney P. Ubos Nicelyn P. Vertudazo

May 2019

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ABSTRACT Science and technology plays an important role in the industrialization as well as modernization of the world. This study contributes a new knowledge which will be useful for everyone. As crab shell is supposed to be a garbage after consuming the flesh inside, upon discovering this idea, those crab shells will become useful in making snacks. In this study, the researchers transformed the crab shell into polvoron with a combination of Moringa leaves. The main purpose of this study was to conduct a survey of commercially crab species in Del Carmen, produce a polvoron from the crab shells and determine the acceptability of Moringa crab shell polvoron. The survey revealed that there are three commercially species in Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte, namely: Scylla serrate (Alimango), Thalamita crenata (kasag), and Myomenippe harwicki (kuyo). The study of acceptability was conducted at Surigao State College of Technology – Del Carmen Campus with the teachers and students as participants. During the actual experimentation of the Moring Crab Shell Polvoron, fifteen (15) teachers and thirty five (35) students (total of 50 participants) were asked to evaluate the product in terms of taste, texture, odor, appearance and overall acceptability of the product. The 9-point hedonic scale was used. Taste frequency count is 407, its mean was 8.14 which was interpreted that most of the participants liked the taste of the product very much. For odor, the total frequency count was 362, and its mean was 7.24, interpreted that most of the participants liked moderately the odor of the product. For texture, the total frequency count was 389, with a mean was 7.78, and interpreted as liked very much. For appearance, the total frequency count was 374 and a mean of 7.48 meaning most of the participants liked moderately the appearance of the product. The overall acceptability total frequency count of 383, with a mean of 7.66 which was interpreted that most of the participants liked the product very much.

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TABLE OF CONTENT Page TITLE

i

ABSTRACT

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

iii

LIST OF TABLES

v

LIST OF FIGURE

vi

CHAPTER I 1. INTRODUCTION

1

1.1 Review of Related Literature

3

1.2 Objective of the study

5

1.3 Significance of the Study

6

1.4 Scope and Limitation

6

CHATER II 2. METHODOLOGY

7

2.1 Research Design

7

2.2 Research Environment

7

2.3 Research Participants

7

2.4 Research Instrument

8

2.5 Materials and Method in Production of Recipe

9

2.6 Data Gathering

11

2.7 Data Analysis

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4

CHAPTER III 3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

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3.1 A Survey of the Commercially Available Crabs in Del Carmen

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3.2 Number of Occurrence of Crab Species

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3.3 The Product – Moringa Crab shell Polvoron

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3.4 The Acceptability of Moringa Crab shell Polvoron

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3.5 The Return of Investment (ROI)

19

CHAPTER IV 4.1 Summary

20

4.2 Findings

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4.3 Conclusion

22

4.4 Recommendation

22

REFERENCE

23

APPENDICES

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CURRICULUM VITAE

31

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LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Table 1 The Participants of the Study 2. Table 2. Commercial crab species in Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte 3. Table 3. Description and Crab species 4. Table 4. Summary on the acceptability Moringa Crab shell Polvoron 5. Table 5. ROI

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LIST OF FIGURE Figure 1 Percentage occurrence of Commercially available crabs.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This accomplishment has been made possible because of these people who have brought out the best in the researchers and to whom they had acknowledged their indebtedness for the outmost help and support in the completion of this work.

First and foremost, to the lord god almighty, who gave them wisdom, knowledge and proper state of mind for who his graces and blessings, this study will not be realized. The researcher’s family, whose inspiration moved the researchers to pursue their research study; whose unwavering support and concern and financially, morally and spiritually that lead them to have an optimistic outlook in life; To Dr. Antonette Donoso, the research adviser, for the support, advices, patience, aspiring guidance and valuable comments and suggestion that contributed to completion and success of this study. The researchers are very thankful for having such an adviser like her. To the members of the panel, Dr

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Siargao is a tear-drop shape island in the Philippine Sea situated 800 kilometers southeast of Manila in the Province of Surigao del Norte. It has a total land area of approximately 437 square kilometers (169 sq mi). Siargao is rich in seafood crustaceans. Crustacean family includes shrimps, lobsters, and crabs which are common species for commercial livelihood. Crabs are abundant and crab meat is known to be rich in vitamins and minerals, low in fat and it contains Omega – 3 polyunsaturated acids. It also helps provide protection from heart disease and aid brain development. Some research suggest that omega – 3 also inhibits aggressive behavior. In the same manner, crab shell can also be made into a nutritious snack, and sell it for extra income. Its extract is fast becoming just as valuable to consumers as the meat of the crabs themselves (Salcombe, 2012). According to some research studies done by Scientists in Ireland, crab shell extract has been shown to be effective at fighting cancer as well as a natural weight loss supplements (Salcombe, 2012). The secret to crab shell extract is the polysaccharides chitosan. Chitosan manufacturer claims that the crab shell extract can lead to natural weight loss because of its fat trapping and appetite suppressing properties. Some nutritional experts liken it to fiber and have given it the nickname “Super Fiber” for its cleansing properties that supposedly lead to weight loss (Nutralegacy.com, 2009). For some people, homemade snack is a challenge particularly the less expensive source of cooking yet very tasty and full of vitamins. Some home bakers are very challenged when it comes to flour because nowadays, commercial flour is becoming

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more expensive (Nutralegacy.com, 2009). Hence, this study attempts to fill this gap by studying potential role of the researchers in making pulverized crab shell into polvoron. To add some twist to the study, the researchers added another ingredient in the recipe which is malunggay. According to Marcu (20012), researcher and clinical pharmacologist, malunggay is unique because even in small amount it can supply daily a wide variety of vital nutrients with few calories. Malunggay contains more than 90 nutrients and 46 types of antioxidants. With all the benefits of malunggay it can easily be termed as the most nutritious plant on the face of the earth. There is no side-effects of malunggay tree leaves. At the same time it can be consumed by small children and adults alike. Therefore, many people have started using it in porridge, pastas, breads, etc., to reap the everlasting health benefit of the extra ordinary. There are many benefits of malunggay tree, but the health benefits are the most important. Research has shown that various parts of the malunggay tree can be affective in a significant number of health concerns, such as blindness, AIDS, anemia, hypertension and diabetes. The consumption of malunggay has has shown dramatic increase in the quantity of breast milk. It is also famous for anti-bacterial properties. The paste of the malunggay leaves is said to beautify the skin and is hence applied by women regularly. It protects the liver and kidneys. It can also be used as water purifier. Thus, due to health benefits of pound crab shell and malunggay, these ingredients were used in this study which also aimed to determine the acceptability of moringa and crab shell povoron.

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Review of Related Literature Some related studies of crab shell are the following: In Japan, an innovation was created about how to reuse the crab shell into useful form, and to our best knowledge that crab shell has no importance, commonly regarded as waste material, Japan Oleo Society Science (2009) produced a product from crab shell as a catalyst of palm olein transesterification or a natural supplement for weight loss (Ping- Lim Beoy, et,. al.2009). In the earlier study, material scientist in USA found that the mineral and mechanical properties of crabs exoskeleton are commonly composed of chitin-protein fiber arranged in a twisted plywood, calcium carbonate, which mechanical rigidity, supports the body, resist mechanical load and environmental protection that can be used in any material product (Po Yu Chen et al. 2008). In India they also studied on the mineral composition of an edible crab. There are about 7 (Sodium>Potassium>Magnesium>Calcium>Manganese>Iron>Zinc) minerals were reported in all sexes. The minerals are serving as components of bones, soft tissues (Sulfur amino acids, metalloproteinase) co-factors and co-activators of various enzymes important in human nutrition. Ca, P, Na, K and Cl are involved in the maintenance of acid-base balance and membrane potential. The main functions of essential minerals include skeletal structure, maintenance of colloidal system and regulation of acid-base equilibrium. Minerals also constitute an important component of hormones, enzymes and enzyme activators (Soundarapandian P, et,. al, 2013).

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In the Philippines, Dr. Laurentina Calmorin of the Northern Iloilo, Polytechnic State College (NIPSC) in Estancio, Iloilo first found that a calcium-rich polvoron was made of bones (tinik) of milkfish. The Headway was achieved by. Dr. Calmorin, who presented the results of her research at an R&D technology forum sponsored by the Los Baños-based Philippines Council for Aquatic and Marine Research and Development (PCAMRD) held on Jan. 28, 2000. The bangus bone-based polvoron was followed by another innovation: the shell of shrimps as ingredient in the making of snack items, among them cookies (Fernandez, 2006). Now, it’s the carapace (shell) of crabs used also in making polvoron, a feat achieved by Prof. Viden V. Elopse, also of NIPSC. In the study, Elopse focused on the acceptability of polvoron made from the carapace of four crab species: blue crab (Portunus pelagicus), sand crab (Ovalipes ocellatus), mud crab (Scylla serrata), and one locally named kurusan. The PCAMRD-monitored research also looked into what crab species made into polvoron has the most acceptable flavor, odor, color, and texture. (Fernandez, 2006). Malunggay is rich in vitamin A. It contains four times more vitamin A or betacarotene than carrots. Hence, it is a weapon against blindness. It also a rich source of vitamin C many times more than oranges. Normally milk is said to be a rich source of calcium but the amount of calcium present in malunggay leaves is way higher than in milk. The maluggay leaves are said to contain two times the protein present milk. Bananas are a rich source of potassium, but malunggay leaves contain several times more potassium than bananas. Along with potassium, zinc is also found in large quantities in malunggay. If malunggay were to be eaten by one and all, the world will be free of

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anemia as it contains three times more iron than spinach. With all the junk food eaten these days, many people face problems of high cholesterol. Malunggay helps in balancing the cholesterol levels in the body. Essential amino acids are also found in malunggay. Malunggay is also said to balance sugar levels, hence it is helpful in the fight against diabetes. The body’s natural defense mechanism increases with the consumption of malunggay in the daily diet pattern. Since it is an immunity-stimulant, it is prescribe for AIDS afflicted patients. Malunggay leaves can be consumed to stimulate metabolism. It is also said to have digestive powers. It is a nutrition booster and is known to promote a feeling of well-being people. In connection there is such a huge demand for polvoron that in a survey conducted by the Business section of the Philippine Daily Inquirer last 2007, Goldilock’s Bakeshop named polvoron as their top-selling item, - it sold more than their cakes.

Objectives of the study This paper aimed to conduct a survey of the commercially available crabs in Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte, specifically it aimed to: 1. Identify, classify and describe the crabs caught by the fishermen. 2. Determine the number of occurrence of the crab species 3. Produce polvoron from crab shell and Moringa 4. Evaluate the level of acceptability of Moringa crab shell polvoron. 5. Determine the Return of Investment of the polvoron.

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Significance of the Study The findings of this research paper could be useful in acquiring information in the aspect of carapace delicacies, most importantly in recycling waste materials of crab shell. It may particularly benefit the following: Students. This study may add motivation to the students in developing skills and talent and start with a simple business. Teachers. They may be benefitted and could help the teacher’s creativity especially those who are handling science and food technology subjects. Community. The result of the study could help them as a basis to discover and create something new and start with a simple business. Market. The Moringa crab shell could help in engaging business in the market and could help in the tourist to introduce this as new delicacies in Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte.

Scope and Limitation of the Study This study focused on the probability of accepting polvoron made from crab shell among the teachers and students of SSCT - Del Carmen Campus. The participants of the study randomly selected teachers and Students of Surigao State College of Technology – Del Carmen Campus. The survey focused on the assessment and identification of occurrence of commercially crabs’ available and the frequent count crabs caught by the fishermen started from November 26-30 five days in Brgy. Poblacion, Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte.

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CHAPTER II METHODOLOGY Research Design This research study employed an experimental design. This is appropriate since it aimed to determine the acceptability of Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron. Research Environment This study was conducted at Del Carmen Poblacion and Surigao State College of Technology - Del Carmen Campus, Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte. Research Participants The participants of the study were the faculty members and students of Surigao State College of Technology, Del Carmen Campus. The researchers used purposive sampling in choosing the participants. The (15) teachers and (35) students with a total of (50) served as participants of this study. Table 1 below shows the population distribution of participants. Table 1. The Participants of the Study Participants

Frequency Count

Percentage

Students

35

70%

Teachers

15

30%

50

100%

Total

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As shown in Table 1, the evaluation followed after the actual experimentation and preservation of the product which is the acceptability of Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron. A group of (15) teachers and (35) students (a total of 50 participants) were asked to judge the taste, odor, texture, appearance, and acceptability of the product. Research Instrument This study employed the Hedonic Scale as the instrument for determining the acceptability of Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron which was employed by Peryam and Pilgrim (1957). It covered five criteria for evaluating the product; taste, odor, appearance, texure and sensory qualities. Each item was rated based on the different levels: LikeExtremely, Like Very Much, Like Moderately, Like Slightly, Neither Like or Dislike, Dislike Slightly, Dislike Moderately, Dislike Very Much, Dislike Extremely (Peryam and Pilgrim, 1957). Texture

Odor

_____

Appearance

Taste

General Acceptability

_____

_____

_____

Likely Extreme

_____

Like Very Much

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

Like Moderately

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

Like Slightly

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

Neither Like nor Dislike

_____

_____

Dislike Slightly

_____

_____

_____

Dislike Very Much

_____

_____

_____

Dislike Extremely

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____ _____ _____ _____

_____ _____ _____ _____

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Texture or fragrance is caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds, generally at a very low concentration or other animals perceive by the sense of olfaction. Odor are also commonly called scents, which can refer to both pleasant and unpleasant odors (Del Prado, et.al.,2009). Taste is basically a bundle of different sensations; it is not only the qualities of taste perceive by the tongue, but also the smell, textue and temperature of a meal that are important (Springer, et.al., 2011). Appearance is defined as the way that someone or something looks, a way of looking that is not true or real the action of appearing, the fact that something or someone arrives or begins to be seen (Meriam Webster Dictionary). Materials and Methods in Production of the Recipe Preparation: 1. Soak the crab carapace in water with dish 2. Wash and clean 3. Drain and dry (sun-dry for at least 10-15 days) 4. Pound the dried crab shells and grind to powder 5. Strain or sift

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For Moringa Leaves 1. Abscise the malunggay leaves 2. Dry (sun-dry for at least 3 to 5 days 3. Grind to powder

Procurement of stocks/ingredients The ingredients that were used are crab shell powder, dried Moringa powder, powdered milk skimmed milk, sugar and crushed graham biscuits. These ingredients can be purchased within The Municipality of Del Carmen and if not available it can be purchased in the near city. Utensils to be used: In this study, the researchers used these utensils like: Frying pan, stirring ladle, measuring cups, polvoron molder (if available), Japanese paper or cellophane. Measurements: 1. 1 cup crab shell powder 2. 2 cups powdered milk 3. 2 cups skimmed milk 4. 1 ½ cup brown sugar 5. 5 table spoons moringa powder 6. 2 cups graham powder Procedure: Making the Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron 1. Sauté the crab shell powder until light brown

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2. Add skimmed milk and powdered milk (stir for 3 minutes) 3. Add the sugar and moringa powder(stir for 2 minutes) 4. Compact mixture in polvoron molder 5. Put in the Japanese paper or cellophane Data Gathering Procedure: The researchers sent a formal request to the Campus Director asking permission to conduct a survey to the selected Students and Teachers of SSCT- Del Carmen Campus on the General acceptability of Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron. Upon approval, the researchers conducted the experimental study with the Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron. Data analysis The data analysis and interpretation of data were done as discussed below; Frequency Count and Percentage. This was used in presenting data that specifies the percentage of Moringa Crab shell polvoron as perceived by the teacher and students in term of taste, odor, texture, appearance of the product. Weighted Mean. This was used in presenting the general acceptability of Moringa Crab shell polvoron in terms of taste, odor, texture and appearance of the product. Return of Investment. This was used in determining the net income of the Moringa Crab shell polvoron.

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CHAPTER III RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS I. A survey of the commercially available crabs iin Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte. The basis of identification and description of the commercially crab is the website species identification org. group of Japan and mangrove nusedusg guidebook . Table 2. Commercial crab species in Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte. Common name:

Family

Alimango

Scientific name: Scylla serrata

Portunidae Kasag

Portunidae

Thalamita crenata

Kuyo

Menippidae

Myomenippe harwicki

Table 3. Description and Crab species Description

Scylla serrate often called here in Siargao local name alimango, it is an ecologically important species of crab found in the estuaries and mangrove of Asia. In their most common form, shell colour varies from deep, motted green to very dark

Crab species

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colour. The regular body size of this alimango is 12 cm. and can weight of 0.8 grams. The carapace has six antero-lateral teeth. The cost of this commercial is 1500 per kilogram in the market.

The mangrove swimming crab Thalamita crenata (scientific name) also called here in Siargao local name wing-wing or kasag regular size 7 cm. It is widely used as an edible crab in many countries. This is cheaper in the market because it’s easy to catch than alimango and kuyo here in Del Carmen. The carapace has five antero-lateral teeth.

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Myomenippe harwicki, this common called in Siargao with its local name Kuyo with its size of 6 cm a juvenile crab, this is a very common crab, hiding in burrows, under rocks and driftwood. The dark eyes set in a circle of bright red are diagnostic and dark violet body. It has a powerful red claw crush bivalves and other molluscs on which it feed. The carapace is harder than alimango and kasag or wing-wing and the catch of this crab is seasonal between NovJanuary.

II- Number of occurrence of the crab species The researcher conducted a survey of the commercially crab, to determine the most frequent count of commercially crab caught by the fishermen in just five days. Figure 1 shown the Scylla serrata are few in count because they are bigger, heavier and hard to catch; the Thalamita crenata are the most highly frequent count because it is easy to catch, abundant and not heavy due to its size; while the Myomenippe harwicki this crab is hard to find because this is a stone crab and seasonal.

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Frequent count of commercially crabs 300 250

250

250

250

250 200

192

175

192192

150 150

120

125

125

120

Scylla serrate

95 pcs.

Thalamita crenata

2391 pcs.

Myomenippe harwicki

310 pcs.

1. Scylla serrata (Alimango)

100

50

Total frequent count of commercial crabs Crab species: Total:

30 28 24 1 1 1 1 2 1 1

28 18 1 2 2 110

27 2

45 1 1

20 24 15 20 20 10 1 10

D-1 D-2 D-3 D-4 D5 D-1 D-2 D-3 D-4 D-5 D-1 D-2 D-3 D-5 D-1 D-2 D-3 D-4 D-5 D-1 D-2 D-3 D-4 D-5

0

Fishermen 1

Fishermen 2

Fishermen 3

Fishermen 4

2. Thalamita crenata (Kasag) 3. Myomenippe harwicki (Kuyo)

Fishermen 5

Figure 1 shown the red lines represent the 86% cover of (Thalamita crenata) Kasag occurrence species as commercial crab in Del Carmen it is more frequent than the other commercial crab; followed by green lines (Myomenippe harwicki) Kuyo covers 11% of occurrence species as commercial crab; while the least occurrence is (Scylla serrata ) Alimango the blue lines covers only 3% because this commercial crab weighs heavier compared to Kasag, and Kuyo, therefore the percentage occurrence of this crab is lesser.

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III- The Product – Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron Moringa crab shell polvoron is made from the carapace of mangrove crab specifically the Thalamita crenata (kasag) , grahams biscuit, sugar, milk, and dried Moringa leaves. IV- The Acceptability of Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron As shown in Table 2 using the 9-point Hedonic scale, texture has a frequent count of 270 with a mean of 7.78, odor has 362 with a mean of 7.24, appearance has 374 with a mean of 7.48, taste has 407 with a mean of 8.14. Therefore, the general acceptability of 383 with a mean of 7.66 can be interpreted that most of the respondents like the product very much. Table 4. Summary on the acceptability Moringa Crab shell Polvoron Attribute

Frequency Count

Mean

Interpretation

Texture

389

7.78

Like Very Much

Odor

362

7.24

Like Moderately

Appearance

374

7.48

Like Moderately

Taste

407

8.14

Like Very Much

General

383

7.66

Like Very Much

Acceptability

The result implies that texture, odor, appearance and taste are acceptable. In terms of texture, the participants of the study found out that the polvoron meets their sensory reference, in terms of hardness and softness of the product, they liked it very much. As to the odor of the product, the respondents also found out that the smell of the product meets

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their sensory references and most of them liked the product moderately. In terms of appearance, the participants of the study also found out that it meets their sensory reference, when it comes to the appearance of the product, and they liked it moderately. As to the taste of the product, the respondents also found out that the taste of the polvoron exceed their sensory reference and most of them like it very much. The study of Ohla (2015) is similar to the present study about neuronal mechanisms of food perception and found out that sensory experiences play a role in the information of cravings and the elicitation, are experienced in the oral cavity as food is masticated and swallowed and gives rise to the overall experience, commonly referred to as taste. The sight of food is among the first sensory impressions contributing to food perception. It constitutes an integral part of the anticipatory of phase of food perception as the visual appearance elicits expectations about other sensory and hedonic attributes of a food thereby impacting food choice markedly.

V- The Return of Investment of Moringa Crab shell polvoron. Table 3 shows that the production of cost 284.00 pesos produced 60 pieces of Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron which can be sold at price at a 5.00 per piece that can generate a total gross sales, it can create a net profit of 113.00 pesos. Dividing the net profit by production cost, the Return of Investment is 39.78%. The present study is similar to the study of Davis (2017), that Return of Investment (ROI) is an accounting term that indicates the percentage of investment money that’s recouped after the deduction of associated costs.

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Table 5. Return of Investment of the polvoron. Product

Production

Number of

Price per

Cost

pcs.

piece

284.00

80

5.00

Gross sale

Net profit

ROI%

400.00

113.00

39.78%

Moringa Crab shell polvoron

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CHAPTER IV SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This chapter summarizes the findings and the results of the study, thus, the researchers were drawn the findings, conclusion and recommendation are given:

SUMMARY This study focused on the assessment of commercial grab species and on the acceptability of Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron with the faculty and students of Surigao State College of Technology, Del Carmen Campus as the participants.

Specifically, this sought to determine the level of acceptability of the product in terms of Appearance, Odor, Taste, Texture and General Acceptability. With the use of 9-Point Hedonic Scale, questionnaires were used to gather data from 50 participants. The gathered data were analyze using the frequency count and weighted mean. FINDINGS The findings of the study were as follows: 1. Crab is one of the dominant commercial species that can be found in Siargao, among those are the three types of commercial crabs namely: Alimango (King Crab), kuyo and Wing-wing or Kasag. 2. The result of Moringa crab shell polvoron implies that texture, odor, appearance and taste are acceptable to the participants. With the use of 9-Point

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Hedonic it was found out that from a total frequency count of 383, taste gathered a frequency count of 407, it’s mean is 8.14 which can be interpreted that most of the participants like the taste of the product very much. Odor on the other hand has a total frequency count of 362, and its mean is 7.24 which can be interpreted that most of the participants like moderately the odor of the product. Texture has a total frequency count of 389, with a mean of 7.78, interpreted as like very much. Appearance has a total frequency count of 374 and a mean of 7.48 meaning most of the participants like moderately the appearance of the product. The overall acceptability of the product has a total frequency count of 383 with a mean of 7.66 and can be interpreted that most of the participants like the product very much. 3. It was found out that the overall cost to produce 80 pcs of Moringa crab polvoron is 284.00 pesos, it can be sold at a price of 5.00 pesos per piece with a total gross sales 400.00 pesos. The net profit for Moringa is 113.00 pesos with an ROI or return on investment 39.78%.

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CONCLUSION In the light of the findings, the following conclusions are derived: The commercially available crab in Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte are the Scylla serrata (alimango), Thalamita crenata (kasag/wingwing), and Myomenippe harwicki (kuyo). Kasag is the cheapest in price among of the three commercial crabs and is known to be the most abundant species specifically in Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte. The Moringa crab polvoron was highly accepatable as to taste, appearance, texture and odor. RECOMMENDATION Based from the findings and conclusions of the study, the following recommendations are offered: 1) It is recommended that Moringa Crab Shell Povoron be produced in the locality to give the people including tourists another option for snacks. In doing so, local resources will have a chance to be advertised especially to the tourists. 2) Faculty and students can make Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron as their extra income 3) Further research is highly recommended for the improvement of the product.

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REFERENCE David Oerted, Menira, 2014. Captured-based mud crad (Scylla serrate) aquaculture and Artisanal fishery in East Africa – Practical and ecological perspective. Linnaeus Unoiversity Dissertation No 159/2013, ISBN:978-91-87427-70. Peng-lim Beoy, 2009. Utilization of waste crab shell. J oleo Sci. Pdf. page 499 Peryam, D. R., &Pilgrim, F.J. (1957). Hedonic Scale Method of measuring Food Preferences. Retrieved on Decemeber 12, 2017, From goo.gl/FCRKhz Po Yu Chen, ActaBiomaterialia 4 2008, Marcu (20012). Structure and mechanical properties of crab exoskeleton, Acta Materialia Inc. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2007.12.010 Soundarapandian P, .2013, Fernandez, 2006 Mineral Composition of Edible Crab, Charybdis Natator Herbst (Crustacea: Decapoda). J Bioanal Biomed 5: 099-101. doi:10.4172/1948- 593X.1000088 Volume 5(4) page 99-100 https://www.philstar.com/business/agriculture/2006/01/08/315616/crab-shell-polvoronanyone#Ch8sPVehdG6K0O91.99

https://www.coursehero.com/file/p7cu7d8/The-Goldilocks-classic-polvoron-is-the-firstthat-the-store-introduced-to/ https://www.nutralegacy.com http://www.jstage.jst.gojp/brow/jos http://www./mangrove.nusedusg/guidebook/text2041.htm http://speciesidentification.org/species.php?species_group=crabs_of_japan=1085&menuentry=soorten http://www.salcombefinest.com/salcombe/food-and-drink/seafoodd/crab https://davisfunds 2017.com/funds/ http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783540417538

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APPENDIX A Republic of the Philippines Surigao State College of Technology Del Carmen Campus Siargao Island, Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte

DR. ROMY JUN A. SUNICO Campus Director SSCT-Del Carmen Campus Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte Sir: Greetings! The undersigned are conducting a research entitled “Commercial Crab Species: Basis Production of Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron” in partial fulfillment of the requirements leading to the degree Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Biological Science. The study aims to assess the commercial assessment of the mangrove crab, to evaluate the level of acceptability of Moringa crab polvoron and to determine of the return investment. In connection with this, the researcher would like to request in your good office to allow us to conduct a survey to the respondent in Surigao State College of Technology to evaluate the level of acceptability of Moringa crab polvoron. Rest assured that all their response will be treated with the utmost confidentiality and will be utilize solely for the purpose of the study. Very respectfully yours, (SGD) JUNE MARK S. HERMOSO BSED- IV Biological Science

(SGD) AVONNEY P. UBOS BSED- IV Biological Science

(SGD) NICELYN P. VIRTUDAZO BSED- IV Biological Science Approved: (SGD) DR. ROMY JUN A. SUNICO Campus Director

31 Republic of the Philippines Surigao State College of Technology Del Carmen Campus Siargao Island, Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte

BARANGAY CAPTAIN Sta. Cruz, Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte November 7, 2018

Sir/Madame

Good day! The BSED-IV Biological Science student of Surigao State College of Technology (SSCT) – Del Carmen Campus would like to conduct a study on crab species present in the mangrove ecosystem in your respective barangay. We are going to collect a sample for the further identification of the mangrove crab species. In connection with this, we are requesting for your approval of our visit to the mangrove area in your barangay.

We are hoping for your approval to our request.

Sincerely Yours,

(SGD) JUNE MARK S. HERMOSO Researcher

(SGD) NICELYN P. VIRTUDAZO Researcher Noted by: (SGD) DR. ANTONETTE B. DONOSO Research Adviser

(SGD) AVONNEY P. UBOS Researcher

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APPENDIX B HEDONIC SCALE Evaluate the samples presented. Put check on the appropriate scale provided below, the best describe your degree of liking or disliking towards the product.

Level

of Texture Odor Appearance Taste

Perception

Like Extremely Like Very Much Like Moderately Like Slightly Neither Like nor Dislike Dislike Slightly Dislike Moderately Dislike much Dislike Extremely

Very

Acceptability of the product

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APPENDIX C Score Card for Acceptance Test Respondent: Name: Instructions: You are receiving a sample of Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron. Please assess the codified sample and

indicate based on the scale below, whether you like it or dislike the product.

9 – Like extremely 8 – Like very much 7 – Like moderately 6 – Like slightly 5 – I did not like it/i didn’t dislike it 4 – I didn’t like it slightly 3 – I didn’t like it moderately 2- I didn’t like it very much 1 – I didn’t like it at all ATTRIBUTES Appearance Odor Taste Texture Over All Acceptability

VALUES

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APPENDIX D

Fishermen

Fishermen

Fishermen

Fishermen

Fishermen

1

2

3

4

5

Crab Species

D-1 D-2 D-3 D-4 D5 D-1 D-2 D-3 D-4 D-5 D-1 D-2 D-3 D-4 D-5 D-1 D-2 D-3 D-4 D-5 D-1 D-2 1. Scylla serata 2 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc (Alimango) pcs 2. Thalamita crenata (Kasag) 3. Myomenippe harwicki (Kuyo)

250 pcs

120 175 125 pcs pcs pcs 28 pcs

24 pcs

1 pc 2 pcs

250 pcs 30 pcs

2 1 pc pcs

192 150p 250 pcs cs pcs 28 pcs

18 pcs

1 pc 2 pc 192 pcs

10 pcs

1 1 pc pc

192 250 120 pcs pcs pcs 20 27 pcs pcs

D-3

Total D-4

D-5

1 10 15 pcs 20 pcs20 pcs 10 pcs 95 pcs pc pcs 125 pcs

45 20 24 pcs pcs pcs

2391 pcs 310 pcs

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APPENDIX E During the Free taste of the product

36

APPENDIX F Survey

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APPENDIX G Making Moringa crab shell polvoron Grinding to powder the crab shells

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Cooking of the Product Step 1.

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

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CURRICULUM VITAE

Name Date of Birth Place of Birth Address Civil Status Religion Nationality Parents No. of Siblings

: : : : : : : : :

Avonney P. Ubos November 7, 1997 Brgy. Rizal, Socorro, Surigao del Norte Brgy. Rizal, Socorro, Surigao del Norte Single Majarlica Economical Catholic Apostolic (MECA) Filipino Eulijardo P. Ubos Leticia R. Piao 8

Educational Background Elementary

:

Secondary

:

Tertiary

:

Program

:

Socorro Central Elementary School, Surigao del Norte SY: 2006-2007 Scorro National High School Taruc, Socorro, SurigaodelNorte SY: 2014-2015 Surigao State College of Technology- Del Carmen Campus Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte BSED- Biological Science AY: 2015- Present

40

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Information Name Date of Birth Place of Birth Address Civil Status Religion Nationality Parents

: : : : : : : :

No. of Siblings

:

Nicelyn P. Virtudazo October 28, 1990 Brgy. San Mateo, Burgos, Surigao del Norte Brgy. San Mateo, Burgos, Surigao del Norte Married Jesus Miracle Crusade International Ministry Filipino Niceforo Nogaliza Platil Helen Yangao Platil 6

Educational Background Elementary

:

Secondary

:

Tertiary

:

Program

:

San Mateo Elementary School SY: 1996-2001 First Honor Libertad National High School Libertad, Sta. Monica, Surigao del Norte SY: 2001-2006 Valedictorian Siargao Island Institute of Technology Dapa, Surigao del Norte SY: 2007-2009 BSED – Major in English Surigao State College of Technology- DC Campus

41

Program

:

Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte BSED- Biological Science AY: 2017- Present

42

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Information Name Date of Birth Place of Birth Address Civil Status Religion Nationality Parents No. of Siblings

: : : : : : : :

June Mark S. Hermoso June 26, 1995 Brgy. Sta. Cruz, San Benito, Surigao del Norte Brgy. Sta. Cruz, San Benito, Surigao del Norte Single Roman Catholic Filipino Ma. Lowela H. Ruaya

:

6

Educational Background Elementary

: San Benito Central Elementary School SY: 2006 - 2007

Secondary

: San Benito National High School SY: 2010 - 2011 : Surigao State College of Technology- Del Carmen Campus, Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte : BSED- Biological Science AY: 2017- Present

Tertiary Program