Pa Tho Physiology Of Pneumonia

Pathophysiology

Pneumonia Precipitating Factors: exposure to pathogen Upper respiratory tract infection

Etiology: • streptococcus pneumonia

Predisposing factors Age altered state of immunity polluted environment (smoking, noxious gases, etc)

Pathogens invade the respiratory tract/ infect airways Bronchi Bronchiole terminal bronchiole Spread to the alveoli

Cell injury

Release biochemical mediators of inflammation and the inflammatory response occurs

Capillary vasodilation

WBC activation

Increase bloodflow

Chemotaxis and phagocytosis of pathogens

.

Increase capillary permeability

SOB \ SOB

secrete large amounts of mucous

Swelling / mucosal edema

Fluid and exudates accumulation

Endogenous pyrogens

Fever

Injured respiratory mucosa (goblet cells)

Airway (bronchioles or terminal bronchioles) with exudates and fluids

Crackles and Wheezing

Alveoli lose air spaces and solidify because the space which air must occupy is filled with fluids and exudates (consolidation)

Dullness during percussion Decrease oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the alveoli The body compensates the decrease in oxygen that reaches the alveoli by increasing the respiratory rate

Ventilation – perfusion mismatch

Hypoxemia.

Tachypnea

less oxygen is also delivered to body tissues and organs

The heart compensates by increasing the heart rate

pale and dusky skin

Hypoxia Tachycardia

Death