Overview Of Elections

ELECTIO NS

Overviev & Its Conductance In Major Nations

ELECTIONS AND ITS TYPES

Generally speaking an ELECTION is a decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold formal office. The formal office referred here may vary from society block head to parliament of a country , from labourer unions to ELECTIONS In most democratic political systems are of team captionship. different types , corresponding to different layers of public governance or geographical jurisdiction. Some common types of election are:

1.Presidential election 2.General election 3.Primary election 4.By-election 5.Local election 6.Co-option

ELECTIONS IN MAJOR NATIONS United States Of America Politics of the United States takes place in the framework of a presidential, federal republic where the President of the United States (the head of state and head of government), United States Congress, and judiciary share federal powers, and the federal government shares sovereignty with the state

Levels Of Election

1. Federal elections 1.1 Presidential elections 1.2 Congressional elections 1.2.1 Senate elections 1.2.2 House of Representatives elections 2 .State elections 3 .Local elections

UNITED KINGDOM

The United Kingdom has five types of election: UK general elections, elections to national/regional parliaments and assemblies, elections to the European Parliament, local elections and mayoral elections Elections are traditionally held on Thursdays. General elections do not have fixed dates, but must be called within five years of the opening of parliament following the last election. Other elections are held on fixed dates though in the case of the devolved assemblies and parliaments, early elections can occur in certain situations

Six different electoral systems are currently used: 1.single member plurality system ( First Past the Post), 2. multi member plurality system, 3. Party list, 4.Single Transferable Vote, 5. Additional Member System and

People’s Republic Of China

Elections in the People's Republic of China take two forms. Direct elections occur for village councils in designated rural areas, and for the local People's Congress in all areas. All other levels of the People's Congress up to the National People's Congress, the national legislature, are indirectly elected by the People's Congress of the level immediately below. Executive positions, including the President, the State Council and provincial governors are

Direct Direct elections in the People's Republic of China take two forms: Elections : in selected rural villages and elections for elections for village leader local people congresses. Indirect The directly elected local people's congresses form the foundation tier Elections: of the indirectly elected system of people's congresses, each of which forms the legislature at the corresponding level of government. Each people's congress then conducts an election for the next higher level of people's congress, culminating in elections for the national

JAPA N

The Japanese political system has three types of elections: 1.General elections to the House of Representatives held every four years (unless the lower house is dissolved earlier), 2.Elections to the House of Councillors held every three years to choose one-half of its members, and 3.Local elections held every four years for offices in prefectures, cities, and villages

Elections are supervised by election committees at each administrative level under the general direction of the Central Election Administration Committee. The minimum voting age for persons of both sexes is twenty years; voters must satisfy a threemonth residency requirement before being allowed to cast a ballot.

RUSS IA

Russia elects on the federal level a head of state - the president - and a legislature - the Federal Assembly. The president is elected for at most two six-year terms by the people (until December 2008, the term length was four years). The Federal Assembly (Federalnoe Sobranie) has two chambers. The State Duma (Gosudarstvennaja Duma) has 450 members, elected for fiveyear terms (until December 2008, four-year terms), all of them elected by proportional representation[1]. The Federation Council (Sovet Federatsii) has 178 members: 2 delegates for each region.[2]

PAKIST AN

At the national level, Pakistan elects a bicameral legislature, the Parliament of Pakistan, which consists of a directly-elected National Assembly of Pakistan and a Senate, whose members are chosen by elected provincial legislators. The Prime Minister of Pakistan is elected by the National Assembly. The President is elected by the Electoral college, which consists of both houses of Parliament together with the provincial assemblies. In addition to the national parliament and the provincial assemblies, Pakistan also has more than five thousand elected local governments.

ELECTIONS IN INDIA In 2004, Indian elections covered an electorate larger than 670 million people—over twice that of the next largest, the European Parliament elections—and declared expenditure has trebled since 1989 to almost $300 million, using more than 1 million electronic voting machines[1].

LOKSABHA ELECTIONS

Lok Sabha Elections, elect the Prime Minister of India, and are democratic elections that take place every 5 years, but the election could occur earlier, if the President of India, dissolves the parliament and calls for new elections.

The Lok Sabha (also titled the House of the People, by the Constitution) is the directly elected lower house of the Parliament of India. As of 2009 there have been fifteen Lok Sabhas elected by the people of India. The Constitution limits the Lok Sabha to a maximum of 552 members, including no more than 20 members representing people from the Union Territories, and two members to represent the Anglo-Indian community (if the President feels that that community is not adequately represented)

RAJYASABHA ELECTIONS

Rajya Sabha members are indirectly elected, and are almost entirely elected by Members of Parliament, while 11 is nominated by the President of India, usually with advice and consent from the Prime Minister of India.

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS

The President of India, is indirectly elected, to a 5 year term, and the electoral system, is used, where the Member of Parliament of both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, and the Members of Legislative Assemblies from all states and territories of India cast their vote.

VIDHAN SABHA The Vidhan Sabha also known as Legislative Assembly is ELECTIONS

the lower house of state legislature in India. Members of the Vidhan Sabha are direct representatives of the people of the particular state as they are directly elected by an electorate consisting of all adult citizens of that state. Each Vidhan Sabha is formed for a five year term after which all seats are up for election. During a State of Emergency, its term may be extended past five years or it may be dissolved. It can also be dissolved if a motion of no confidence is passed within it against the majority party or coalition.

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Resources: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Election www.indianelections.com elections.yahoo .com/ www.election.net