Outline: Burma United Kingdom

Outline 1

Burma

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United Kingdom

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Thailand

Background

1. Regime • Military + authority • The State Peace and Development Council (SPDC)

Background 2. Human right • Disappearance • Torture or maltreatment • Arbitrary interference • Violation of humanitarian law • Freedom of speech • Freedom of movement • Children • Right to organize and bargain • Trafficking

Disappearance • Private citizens and political activists • Their families

Torture and other cruel, inhuman treatment a) torture • Questioning, frightening • Painful position • Harassment and physical abuse • Confiscation • porter • farmer

Torture and other cruel, inhuman treatment (con’t) b) Conditions in prison • Harsh and threatening • Food, clothing, medical supplies • Single mat • Family visits • HIV/AIDS -> health of prisoners

Arbitrary interference a) b) c) d) e)

Privacy Telephone service Relocation Children Movement of foreigners

2. Human right • Violation of humanitarian law: Military use rape: systematic weapon • Freedom of speech: arrest, detain , convict & imprison citizens for expressing political view • Freedom of movement: denied passport applications on political grounds • Children: minimal resource for public education, child prostitution & trafficking in girls  major problem. • Right to organize and bargain: prohibit workers from striking  lost job • Trafficking: women & girls for sexual exploitation, factory labor, household servant, etc.

2009 • Freedom of speech: The new constitution provides for freedom of speech and of the press, but the government continued to restrict. government's Press Scrutiny Board tightly controlled all media • Freedom of movement: The government maintained close control over most ethnic leaders' movements, requiring them to seek permission from the government before making any domestic trips. With trafficking in persons: hinder or restrict international travel for women (>25 years of age)

Children: By law education is compulsory, free, and universal through the 4th standard (approximately age 10), but allocate minimal resources to public education. many parents had to supplement teachers' salaries. There are laws prohibiting child abuse, but they were neither adequate nor enforced.

Trafficking:

 The government made limited progress against trafficking in persons.  The Ministry of Home Affairs continued to maintain that there was no complicity of government officials in trafficking  The government had four vocational training centers and one house to shelter female trafficking victims; male victims were temporarily sheltered in training schools.

Right to organize and bargain • Workers' Supervision Committees (WSCs) have been created in some governmentdesignated industrial zones  in WSC foreign-owned companies, permitted to elect their representatives. • The government unilaterally set wages in the public sector. • In the private sector, market forces generally set wages; however, not greater than those of ministers or other senior government employees.

Background • population : 60.8 mil • a constitutional monarchy with a multiparty, parliamentary form of government

a. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment • Police are subject to oversight by the Independent Police Complaints Commission • Prison and Detention Center Conditions:  Prison conditions generally met international standards  Overcrowding and poor facilities :the prison population in England and Wales was reported to be 83,852 in facilities designed to accommodate 73,595  under age 16, were held together with adult prisoners

b. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention • In most cases police officers may make an arrest only if they have reasonable grounds for suspecting someone • Police may detain an ordinary criminal suspect for 96 hours without charging him or her • Terrorism Act permits a judge to impose "control orders”

c. Freedom of Speech and Press • The law forbids the reporting of criminal cases before they come to trial. • The 2007 Racial and Religious Hatred Act and other legislation make it an offense to use "threatening words or behavior" toward a religious, ethnic, or racial group • Internet Freedom:  Approximately 70 percent of the population used the Internet  The government had voluntary agreements with most ISPs to record all incoming and outgoing emails and store them for one year

d. Freedom of Movement, Internally Displaced Persons, Protection of Refugees, and Stateless Persons Protection of Refugees: The laws provide for the granting of asylum or refugee status in accordance with the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 protocol, and the government has established a system for providing protection to refugees

Background • Thailand is a democratically governed constitutional monarchy • The king is revered and exerts strong informal influence • 1997: Many human rights are explicitly acknowledged, and measures were established to increase the stability of elected governments

RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS

The Right of Citizens to Change Their Government WHEN Government Corruption and Transparency

2006 Thai coup d'état A Military Junta overthrew the interim government of Thaksin Shinawatra

Recognition: “SEX CHANGE” • Thailand and many countries have recognized the “sex change” • Prove: • Change Law • Medical Association of Thailand: provisions relating to age are allowed transgender surgery (>18) • Celebration: » Miss World for “sex change” people  public