Other Missiles

FAS Military Affairs Network

Other Missiles

Grom-1 and Grom-2 The Grom-1 and Grom-2 missiles are made for use against targets on the land and the water, and are used in tactical and operational depth of enemy battle field, destroying enemy hardpoints such as installations, bunkera, and mobile targets, such are tanks and artillery. The system consists of guided air-to-surface missile, airplane and ground eqipment.

Specifications Contractor Entered Service Total length

3333 mm

Diameter

300 mm

Wingspan

802 mm

Weight

330 kg

Warhead

104 kg, explosive, fragmental and cummulative

Propulsion

two motors, solid fuel

Maximum Speed Maximum effective range

12 km

altitude

6000 m

Guidance mode

Grom-1 radio guided Grom-2 TV (improoved in 1996)

temperature of usage -40 degree C to +50 degree C. Precision

50% of hit on 10m diameter

penetration

Cumulative (anti-tank) penetration 1100 mm of armour steel, 2500 mm of concrete guidance

Bumbar (Bumble Bee) The Bumbar (Bumble Bee) is a Yugoslav anti-tank missile, based on the Eryx missile, that features a highly manoeuvarble direct thrust vector control system located at the missile's center of gravity. With separate ejection and sustainer rocket motors, the first enables soft launching and the second ensures high thrust and flight velocity with short flight time up to maximum range. The CCD localizer and guidance computer within the firing post provide an exellent antijaming protection, using the microcamle to guide the missile. The major parts of weapon are made of non-metalic materials, plastics or lightmetal alloys so the weapon is lightweight.

Specifications Contractor Entered Service Total length

0.9 m

Diameter

136 mm

Wingspan

Weight

mass of the missile round 12 kg mass of the missile 10 kg mass of the firing post 4 kg mass of the tripod 2 kg

Warhead

anti-ERA, tandem warhed

Propulsion Maximum Speed effective range

60 to 600m

flight time

up to maximum range less than 5 sec

Guidance mode penetration

behind ERA 1000mm of RHA

system reliability

higher than 90%

Single-shot hit probability

more than 90%

Sky Bow I / Tien Kung I Tien-Kung, a surface-to-air missile system designed for air defense against intensive aircraft attack,equipped with a single stage dual thrust solid propellant rocket motor and guided by mid-course inertial reference and radar in the terminal phase, is capable of multi-target tracking and automatic multi-target engagement. In 1993 Taiwan bought surface-to-air missile (SAM) system components from Raytheon of the USA, at a cost of $1.1 billion. There were direct offsets - joint development and technology transfers. Taiwan is to develop and produce this Tien Kung (Sky Bow) SAM system, a derivative of the Patriot system. The missiles are deployed in underground cells, each housing four missiles protected by a concrete wall a meter thick. Raytheon is to provide the missile forebody, ground support equipment, training, maintenance and technical support. Patriot was sold to Taiwan in 1993. Taiwan's overall air defense architecture consists of three sets of US-made Patriot missile systems [200 Patriot missiles total] primarily intended to intercept guided missiles, deployed at three locations Nankang, Linkou and Wanli around heavily-populated Taipei. Six sets of Tien Kung I and Tien Kung II missile systems are responsible for medium- and high-altitude targets. The 20 Hawk missile bases are responsible for targets in the low- to medium- altitudes. Taiwan has placed Tien Kung long- range ground-to-air missiles and "Hsiung Feng" long-range shore-to-ship missiles on the Jinmen and Matsu islands, only 10 km from the mainland, bringing the whole of Fujian Province and some airspace and important ports in Zhejiang and Guangdong within range of the missiles.

Specifications Contractor Entered Service Total length Diameter Wingspan Weight Warhead Weight Propulsion Maximum Speed

Maximum effective range Guidance mode Single-shot hit probability

100km

Sky Bow II / Tien Kung II Taiwan's overall air defense architecture consists of three sets of Patriot missile systems, primarily intended to intercept guided missiles, along with six sets of Tien Kung I and Tien Kung II missile systems responsible for medium- and high-altitude targets. The T'IEN-KUNG II SAM is 9.1 meters long, has a diameter of 0.57 meters, weighs 1,100 kilograms, and has a top speed of Mach 4.0, a maximum range of 100 kilometers, and a warhead weighing 90 kilograms. In the Fall of 1998 Taiwan successfully test fired a radar guided interceptor variant of it's Tien Kung missile. The anti-missile missile is reported to have intercepted a target missile in southern Pingtung. The interceptor is designed for use against the Chinese M type missile, they have also ordered 200 PAC2 an upgraded version of the Patriot missile system. In mid-September 1998 Taiwan test fired a missile which successfully intercepted another one in a further step forward in the island's efforts to build its own anti-missile weaponry. An updated verion of the locally designed Tien Kung II was launched from a base in the southern county of Pingtung and hit another fired from Chengkung, southeastern Taiwan. Unconfirmed reports said the military-funded Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology tested an anti-tactical ballistic missile (ATBM) in July 1998 which destroyed its target at a speed of Mach Four. It is said that Taiwan's future SSMs will be a modification of the T'IEN-KUNG II . If the T'IEN-KUNG II is used as the basis for the SSM modification, its estimated external measurements would not be very greatly changed, but the weight of the warhead could be increased to 150 kilograms and the maximum surface target range absolutely would exceed 300 kilometers and should be about 320 kilometers. Based on Taiwan's current level of technology and equipment, the accuracy of Taiwan's guided missile should be within about a 1,000 meter circumference of the aiming point.

Specifications Contractor Entered Service Total length

9.1 meters

Diameter

0.57 meters

Wingspan Weight

1,100 kilograms

Warhead Weight

90 kilograms

Propulsion Maximum Speed

Mach 4.0

Maximum effective range

200km

Guidance mode

Single-shot hit probability

Tien Chien-I / Sky Sword-I Tien-Chien I, an infrared guided short range air-to-air missile, with all-aspect attack, fire & forget, high maneuvering, and precision guidance capabilities, can be carried by various types of fighters including the Ching-Kuo IDF to achieve air superiority. The PLAAF currently has in its inventory a number of AAMs which are superior to those in Taiwan's inventory. The Russian-built AA-11/ARCHER infrared (IR) AAM carried on the Su-27 is superior to Taiwan's AIM-9/SIDEWINDER and indigenously-produced Tien Chien-I/ Sky Sword-I IR AAM. China's AA-10a/ALAMO missiles, on the other hand, are roughly comparable to, or slightly less capable than, Taiwan's AIM-7/SPARROWs. The CS/MPQ-78 is a mobile fire control radar, which can be incorporated with both gun and missile to execute low altitude air defense missions. The CS/MPQ-78 short-range air defense fire control radar developed by the Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology is composed of a search radar, a track radar and a photoelectric monitor. The search and track radars cover both medium-altitude and low- altitude air space, with a distance precision accuracy of around 10 meters. Its fire control system, combined with 35mm and 40mm rapid-fire guns and land-based Sky Sword I air defense missile, can offer an adequate short-range air defense; and it has a multiple anti-jamming function.

Tien Chien-II / Sky Sword-II The recently developed Tien-Chien II, an air-to-air missile with midcourse inertial navigation and terminal guidance, possesses multi-target engagement and ECCM capabilities. The Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology Second Institute is engaged in follow-up research and development projects, including preparatory research and development of the Sky Sword II-A weapon system, concerning which no details have been made public, as well as development of naval and ground launch applications of Sky Sword missiles.

Hsiung-Feng I Hsiung-Feng I is a self-developed ship-to-ship missile system. Its hit probability and reliability under any combat conditions are competitive with others in the world.

Hsiung-Feng II From the experience and technology gained from the Hsiung-Feng I development project, and extended range Hsiung-Feng II missile was developed with anti-jamming seeker and an automatic engagement capability. This antiship guided missile is 4.6 meters long, has a diameter of 0.34 meters, weighs 685 kilograms, and has a range of 80 kilometers, a speed of Mach 0.65, and a warhead weighing 180 kilograms [some reports state that the warhead weighs 225 kilograms]. Some reports claim that the top speed of the the HSIUNG-FENG II antiship guided missile is as high as Mach 0.85. But the similar United States HARPOON guided missile also has a speed of only Mach 0.75 and theTOMAHAWK guided missile has a speed of Mach 0.72. There are three versions to be launched from sea, air and ground on various platforms. The Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology Second Institute is engaged in follow-up research and development projects, including preparatory research and development of the Hsiung Feng II-E weapon system, concerning which no details have been made public. Taiwan's future SSM may be a cruise missile based on the current HSIUNG-FENG II antiship guided missile. If the HSIUNG-FENG II antiship guided missile is used as a basis for remaking the SSM, then based on cruise missile characteristics the external form and weight of the modified SSM would be basically the same as the original antiship guided missile. The range could be increased to about 230 kilometers, but the speed still would be Mach 0.65. Because of the increased range, it would be necessary to increase the amount of fuel. The weight of the warhead would be reduced to 150 or 100 kilograms and the accuracy would be about 100 meters.

Specifications Contractor Entered Service Total length

4.6 meters

Diameter

0.34 meters

Wingspan Weight

685 kilograms

Warhead Weight Propulsion Maximum Speed Maximum effective range

80 kilometers

Guidance mode Single-shot hit probability

Hsiung Feng III The Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology Second Institute is engaged in follow-up research and development projects, including preparatory research and development of the Hsiung Feng III artillery rocket weapon system, concerning which no details have been made public.

Kung Feng 6 Kung-Feng 6 MLRS(multi-launched rocket system) is a high-power,mobile, easy-tooperate artillery rocket system. With suppression,shock and lethal capabilities, it is an effective weapon against anti-anti-landing.

Lei Ting-2000 The Lei Ting-2000 multiple artillery rocket system, which made its debut during the 1997 "Han Kuang" [Glory of the Han People] Exercise, is a new-generation multiple artillery rocket system designed to attack invading enemy at sea. Its self-propelled launch vehicle has magazine-fed launchers and fire control, positioning and direction-finding equipment, capable of rapidly determining the position of the launch vehicle and the firing direction. It can automatically train and elevate launch tubes and compute firing data. It has three types of rockets -- MK15, MK30 and MK45 -- with AP/AM dual-function cluster warhead or steel-ball shrapnel high-explosive warhead. This rocket system can wipe out invading enemy troops in area between ship's landings and beachheads within its firing range.

Type-81 Tan-SAM SAM-1J The Japanese Type 81 Tan-SAM is one of the latest additions to the Japan Self-Defense Force's arsenal. It is a lightweight, portable system for use against low-to-medium level targets, and is intended to replace the aging HAWK system (both HAWK models also in this catalog). Tan-SAM (TAN meaning "short," as in "short-range") uses an improved, much more compact tracking system than HAWK, has a range of approximately 10 km, and reaches speeds of Mach 2.4. The missile is only 2.7 meters long and 16 centimeters in diameter, putting it in the approximate size of Roland.

Specifications Contractor

Toshiba

Entered Service

1982

Total length

2.7m

Diameter

0.16m

Wingspan Weight

100kg

Warhead Weight

9kg HE fragmentation

Propulsion

solid

Maximum Speed Maximum effective range

10 km

Guidance mode

In Sight Lock-on + IR Homing

Single-shot hit probability

Type 91 (SAM-2) Type 93 (SAM-3) The Type 91 (SAM-2) and Type 93 (SAM-3) are Man-Portable Surface-to-Air Missiles. The Defense Agency made a requirement of using the Type-91 SAM missile as an air-toair missile for the OH-X project. This required developing a launcher able to adapt to such changing environmental conditions ashelicopter mount vibration.

Specifications Contractor

Toshiba

Entered Service

1991 - Type 91 (SAM-2) 1993 - Type 93 (SAM-3)

Total length

1.43 meters

Diameter

0.08 meters

Wingspan Weight

11.5 kg

Warhead

HE fragmentation

Propulsion

solid

Maximum Speed Maximum effective range

5 km

Guidance mode

IR and visible imaging

Single-shot hit probability

Chu-SAM The New Medium Range Surface-to-Air MissileSystem (Chu-SAM), as the replacement of the Improved Hawk System, will provide overall air defense coverage over army operation areas to protect units and facilities. This missile will be precisely guided to the target by the combination of pre-programmed navigation, up-to-date command link, and active radar homing. The Hawk has been used for more than 30 years with a succession of model changes. The new Chu-SAM is intended to feature a balance of such interconnected elements as a strong warhead to destroy aircraft, air-to-surface missiles [ASM], and cruise missiles, a launch system allowing its use anywhere, automation to reduce greatly the number of operators required, compact size made possible by high integration technology and a good life-cycle cost. The major technologies will include jamming-resistant radar to play the role of multiple eyes with a single unit applying the special signal processing being implemented in the field of communications and a guidance method with which the missile tracks its target by emitting its own radio signals. In addition, as one of the most important features, the new Chu-SAM should have the capability to deal with over-the-horizon [OTH] firing, which is suitable for Japan's mountainous topography, instantaneously predicting the location of a target that has disappeared behind a mountain based on topographic information and guiding the missile to the position where the target should be.

XAAM-4 Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile Short Range Ship-to-Air Missile Japan is also developing the XAAM-4 to succeed the Sparrow. The initial letter of the XAAM-4, "X," indicates that this model is under development and that this is the fourth AAM developed in Japan. The XAAM-4 is composed of the guidance control blocks controlling target acquisition, guidance and flight, the warhead which destroys the target, the propulsion system for flying the missile, wings, etc. The transmitter used in the XAAM-4 is compact and has an extremely high performance thanks to the extensive use of Japan's own advanced semiconductor technology. The XAAM-4 has a longer range than the Sparrow and uses a composite guidance system, with which it is initially guided according to the target data transmitted from the firing aircraft but it later starts to emit radar waves itself to acquire and track the target. The firing aircraft carrying the XAAM-4 fires it from a long distance and can retreat before it hits the target to start the next action. This makes it possible to assure a higher survival probability of the firing aircraft than the previous MRMs based on a semi-active radar homing system. As the XAAM-4 is based on an active radar homing system, the firing aircraft can fire several missiles independently to hit multiple targets acquired and tracked. This leads to simultaneous measures against multiple targets. The use of advanced semiconductor technology has made it possible to mount a signal processor with very complicated signal processing in the small space available in a missile. This has given the XAAM- 4 an excellent ECCM capability which allows it to acquire and track the target even when subject to enemy ECM. By utilizing and extending the component technology of the New Medium Range Air-toAir Missile (XAAM-4) (which has an active radar homing seeker), the New Short Range Ship-to-Air Missile System seaborne missile system will cope simultaneously with multiple targets including low altitude incoming threats and high speed diving threats to protect naval vessels in the twenty-first century.

AAM-3 The history of air-to-air missile [AAM] R&D in Japan started in 1955. The missiles are called the AAM-1, 2, and 3, the order in which they were developed. Japan has completed the development of the Type 90 AAM (AAM-3) with an improved turning performance, infrared counter-counter measures (IRCCM) capability and off-boresight capability. The AAM -3 is expected to replace the American Sidewinders, and the GSDF already fields the AAM-3. At present, research into SRMs is continuing to improve the off-boresight and IRCCM capabilities to deal with future threats.

XAAM-5 Short Range Air-to-Air Missile To effectively deal with the future air threats in the early next century, the XAAM-5 Short Range Air-to-Air Missile IR homing dog-fighting missile will give extended lockon range, improved off bore-sight, and enhanced IRCCM capabilities.

Type 80 ASM-1 The Japanese Type 80 ASM-1 Missile is designed primarily as an air-launched coastal defense weapon. In practice it could be used against a variety of surface targets, including ships, truck convoys, light armored vehicles, buildings and bridges. With the addition of a solid-fuel booster stage, this missile is also used as part of the ground-launched SSM-1 system. Based on the Type-80 Air-to-Ship Missile, various anti-ship systems including Type-88 SSM (Surface-to-Ship Missile), Type-90 SSM (Ship-to-Ship Missile), Type-91 and 93 ASMs (Air-to-Ship Missile) have been developed. These systems comprise the Japanese anti-ship missile family and are deployed in the Ground, Maritime, and Air Self Defense Forces.

Specifications Contractor

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

Entered Service

1980

Total length

4.0 m

Diameter

0.35 m

Wingspan

1.2 m

Weight

600 kg

Warhead

150kgHE semi-armor piercing

Propulsion

solid

Maximum Speed Maximum effective range

50 km

Guidance mode

Inertial + active radar

Single-shot hit probability

ASM-2 Type 93 Based on the Type-80 Air-to-Ship Missile, various anti-ship systems including Type-88 SSM (Surface-to-Ship Missile), Type-90 SSM (Ship-to-Ship Missile), Type-91 and 93 ASMs (Air-to-Ship Missile) have been developed. These systems comprise the Japanese anti-ship missile family and are deployed in the Ground, Maritime, and Air Self Defense Forces. Compared to the previous Type-80 ASM-1 anti-shipping missile, the Type 93 features a turbojet engine providing twice the range of the Type-80's solid rocket, and improved accuracy through infrared imaging terminal homing system developed by Fujitsu .

Specifications Contractor

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

Entered Service

1995

Total length

4.0 m

Diameter

0.35 m

Wingspan

1.2 m

Weight

530 kg

Warhead Weight Propulsion

Turbojet

Maximum Speed Maximum effective range

100 km

Guidance mode

Inertial + infrared imaging

Single-shot hit probability

Type 88 SSM Type 90 (SSM-1B) Based on the Type-80 Air-to-Ship Missile, various anti-ship systems including Type-88 SSM (Surface-to-Ship Missile), Type-90 SSM (Ship-to-Ship Missile), Type-91 and 93 ASMs (Air-to-Ship Missile) have been developed. These systems comprise the Japanese anti-ship missile family and are deployed in the Ground, Maritime, and Air Self Defense Forces.

Specifications Contractor

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

Entered Service

1988 - Type 88 SSM 1990 - Type 90 (SSM-1B)

Total length

5.1m

Diameter

0.35m

Wingspan Weight

660 kg

Warhead Weight Propulsion

Turbojet

Maximum Speed Maximum effective range

180 km - Type 88 SSM 150 km - Type 90 (SSM-1B)

Guidance mode

Inertial guidance + active radar homing

Deployment

Type 88 SSM = 320(?), 48 TEL vehicles(?) Type 90 (SSM-1B) = About 40 as of 1994

Type-87 Chu-MAT anti-tank missile Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. [KHI] has long been involved as a prime contractor in the development and mass production of anti-tank missiles [MAT]. Three such weapons continue in production: the Type-64 MAT, the Type-79 anti- ship/anti-armor missile and the Type-87 MAT. The Type-64, adopted over three decades ago, still remains as SelfDefense Forces equipment.

Specifications Contractor

Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Motors

Entered Service

1987

Total length

1.1m

Diameter

0.11m

Wingspan Weight

12kg

Warhead Weight Propulsion

solid

Maximum Speed Maximum effective range

2 km

Guidance mode

Semiactive Laser homing

Single-shot hit probability

Type-96 Multi-Purpose Missile System The Type-96 Multi-Purpose Missile System is a fiber-optic guided missile system with infrared image seeker against landing craft and tanks. The FY1996 national government's budget allocates equipment funds for a "multiple target guided missile system." The reason that the term "multiple target" was used in the name was to show that the system is to be able to handle targets other than tanks and ships. This is to be a revolutionary new system in which targets that are difficult for the operator to see directly, such as aircushioned water craft, hovering helicopters, and structures located in difficult terrain will be detected by an infrared sensor in the forward part of the missile and the information relayed by optical fibers to the screen of the guidance device, where the operator can monitor things on the screen and make adjustments. (This is known as the optical fiber TVM infrared imaging guidance method). Moreover, in order to enhance the concealibility of the launch device, this system incorporates another special feature for the first time, a vertical firing mode. Compared to conventional anti- tank ordnance, this system will be rather large. The critical component elements for development will be quite varied, including guidance firing weapons, optical fiber reels, image transmission equipment, vertical launch devices and combat command systems for use at the company level, as well as the related software for these functions. This will be Japan's first missile system in which all digital control has been provided for the guidance, command, and control functions. Development of the this new heavy MAT commenced in FY1990. In August 1995, the Ground Self-Defense Force [GSDF] completed its practical testing. During that interval, KHI as the manufacturer was responsible for testing and test support.

XATM-5 Light Anti-Tank Missile [MAT] As the replacement of the current 84mm recoilless rifle carried by infantry unit, the XATM-5 Light Anti-Tank Missile short range portable anti-tank missile is now under development and expected to have higher survivability and man-power savings. The "light MAT" is being tested as a successor to the 84mm recoil-less gun, and is to be an MAT. However, quite a few requirements are involved, including portability and operability by a single soldier, improving on conventional anti-armor technology and use of "design-to-cost" technology. Research and testing has been ongoing since FY1993 (phase 2), and was completed in late FY1996. What distinguishs this new weapon from conventional MATs are its firing method (no guidance is required after firing), its short reaction time (it fires immediately), its cover, and inherent firing capabilities (It can be hidden and fired within a confined area, and there is little back draft after firing). Since the missile is intended to be carried by one person, it must be compact and lightweight. After emerging from the equipment, the rocket will ignite and become selfpropelled. The heart of the missile is the infrared sensor. For the cooling the new system switched from conventional, and expensive, nitrogen gas to a new method that even without cooling allows an image to form in a short period of time. The infrared sensor element uses a silicon semiconductor manufacturing process.

Akash (Sky) surface-to-air missile Akash is a mobile area defense medium-range medium and high altitude surface-to-air missile with a range of 27 to 30 kilometers. Akash has a multi-target handling capability, and employs a command guidance system with provision for terminal guidance. Powered by a ram rocket propulsion and an air breathing engine, Akash can cut through electronic jamming with its electronic couter-counter measure equipment. It has a capacity to carry 50 kg payload. The missile has a height ceiling of 18,000 meters and is capable of detecting and destroying aircraft flying at tree top height. The missile system’s fire control radar is a multi-target and multi-function phased array radar called 'Rajendra' with a range of about 60-km, working in tandem. The radar and the missile can track 64 targets of which four can be engaged simultaneously. The BEL-developed "Rajendra" multi-functional radar system has been integrated with the system. The Akash self propelled launcher (ASPL) and Phased Array Radar have been been developed, though it has yet to enter the production/induction phase. For training the men and officers in handling Akash, scientists have developed simulator of the missile's seeker head in look down role and battery level radar under clutter and jamming environment. It is a part of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) undertaken by the Defence Rasearch Development Organisation (DRDO) in 1983. The system has undergone a few tests earlier to gauge proposition parameters and predicted values. By 1998 five flight trials had been conducted. India's IGMDP was launched in July 1983. Initially, it had a budget of around Rs 400 crore, but it has since been revised Rs 800 crore. The major programs under the IGMDP are the development of missiles including Agni, Prithvi, Akash, Trishul and the Nag. The Sagarika and the Surya have since been added to the IGMDP.

Specifications Contractor Entered Service Total length Diameter Wingspan Weight Warhead Weight Propulsion Maximum Speed Maximum effective range Guidance mode

27 to 30 kilometers

Single-shot hit probability

Astra air-to-air missile India is developing a medium-range air-to-air missile called Astra, with test flights scheduled for late 1999. India would become the first of the developing countries to develop such a state-of-the-art air-to-air missile. The missile will give IAF fighters an edge in an air battle, as the Pakistan Air Force does not have such a beyond-visual-range [BVR] missile with a “fire-and-forget” capability in its arsenal. India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is developing this advanced beyond visual range air-to-air missile (BVRAAM) for the Mirage 2000, MIG-29, Sea Harrier, Su-30, and the Light Combat Aircraft [LCA]. The missile will augment the IAF’s BVR arsenal, which includes the Matra Super 530D, the AA-10 Alamo-C and the AA-12 Adder. The Astra is intended to have performance characteristics similar to the AA-12 Adder. The Russian-made Adder has a range of 100 km and files at four times the speed of sound. The AA-10 Alamo-C has the longest range of missiles in IAF service, with a range of 130 km. Astra is said to be configured like a long Matra 530, narrower in front of the wings. The missile would be capable of turning at a '40 G-plus rate' with an eventual operational range of over 100 km. Initially designed to use a locally-developed solid fuel propellant, DRDO is also looking at rocket/ramjet propulsion to provide greater range and an enhanced kinematic performance. The missile is 3.8 meters long and equipped with an active radar-seeker. The Astra will use a mid course internal guidance system to track target aircraft. The missile has an active radar seeker to find targets, and electronic counter measure capabilities that allow the missile to jam radar signals from an enemy surface-to-air battery to ensure that the Astra is not tracked or shot down. Astra would have a 15 kg warhead with a proximity fuse.

Specifications Contractor Entered Service Total length

3.8 meters

Diameter Wingspan Weight Warhead

15 kg warhead with proximity fuse

Propulsion

solid fuel or rocket/ramjet

Maximum Speed Maximum effective range

over 100 km [eventually]

Guidance mode Single-shot hit probability

Nag (Cobra) anti-tank missile Nag is a third- generation "fire and forget" anti-tank guided missile with a range of 4 to 6 kilometers. Nag can be mounted on an infantry combat vehicle and helicopter launched version of Nag is also available. Nag is India's third generation anti-tank missile, having an all weather capability. Capable of defeating modern armour, Nag uses Imaging InfraRed (IIR) guidance having both day and night capability. As of 1998 18 flight trails had been conducted, though it has yet to enter the production/induction phase. Both Army and Air Force versions are being tested separately. For the Army, the missiles will be carried by specialist carrier vehicles equipped with a thermal imager for target acquisition. It can carry tour missiles at a time. For the Air Force, a nose-mounted thermal imaging system has been developed for guiding the missile's trajectory. A twin launcher for the Advanced Light Helicopter and a single launcher for Cheetah helicopter have also been successfully developed. India's Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) was launched in July 1983. Initially, it had a budget of around Rs 400 crore, but it has since been revised Rs 800 crore. The major programs under the IGMDP are the development of missiles including Agni, Prithvi, Akash, Trishul and the Nag. The Sagarika and the Surya have since been added to the IGMDP.

Specifications Contractor Entered Service Total length Diameter Wingspan Weight Warhead Weight Propulsion

solid

Maximum Speed Maximum effective range

4 km

Guidance mode

infra-red

Single-shot hit probability

Trishul (Trident) anti-ship missile Trishul is intended to counter a low level attack with a very quick reaction time and has an all weather capability. Trishul has a range of 9 km and is designed to counter a low level attack with a very quick reaction time. It is all all-weather surface-to-air-missile which call, when employed with the fire Control Flycatcher radar, blow a hole in the enemy's plan. With a radar-altimeter in its warhead, Trishul can be used as an anti-sea skimmer missile. Trishul has been extensively tested by all three Services for target acquisition, ground system and infra-red guidance system. The Trishul Combat Vehicle, the indigenous launcher system using a radar mounted on a tracked vehicle, has gone into production. By 1998 it had undergone over two dozen developmental flight trials, and the missile was inducted into service in 1999. Trishul will be employed by Indian Army and Air Force against low flying aircraft. The Indian Navy will also use this weapon system in anti-missile role against Exocet and Harpoon possessed by Pakistan. India's Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) was launched in July 1983. Initially, it had a budget of around Rs 400 crore, but it has since been revised Rs 800 crore. The major programs under the IGMDP are the development of missiles including Agni, Prithvi, Akash, Trishul and the Nag. The Sagarika and the Surya have since been added to the IGMDP.

QW-1 Anza MK-II The earliest model of one-man air defense missiles developed by China was the "Hongying (Red Tassel)-5." Subsequently the "Qianwei (Advance Guard)-1" was developed in the early 1990s. The Qianwei-1 made its first public appearance at the 1994 Farnborough International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition in the United Kingdom. The Qianwei-1 caught the attention of foreign media and research institutions when it was first introduced to the public because it was claimed to surpass the US Stinger in maximum effective range, target seeker tracking capability, warhead power and other indicators. The Anza anti-aircraft missiles give Pakistan a response to India's superiority in modern aircraft -- India has a numerical superiority in modern fighter aircraft of more than 3 to 1 over Pakistan. The Anza MK-1, Anza MK-2, and Anza MK-3 surface to air anti-aircraft missiles have ranges of 4, 6 and 15 km, respectively. The missiles are manufactured by the laboratory named after Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan, the father of Pakistan's nuclear program. The Anza MK-II is a portable shoulder-fired, IR homing air defence weapon system similar to the US Stinger missiles. It has a maximum slant range of 5 kilometers, though in the future the maximum range will be increased to almost double. The Anza MK-II is an improved version of Anza MK-II, which was handed over to Pakistan Armed Forces in January 1990. The Anza MK-II was inducted in Pakistan Army in September 1994, and has been locally produced in Pakistan since October 1994. The improved version is a lightweight portable system incorporating a contact-fuse warhead. The main differences from the earlier version are in its high speed (600 M/Sec), accuracy and sustained velocity, high maneuverability and all aspect engagement capability. It can be used to target both fixed and rotary targets and the missile can be fired by a soldier either on his feet or knees. It can be launched in automatic mode as well as in manual mode. The maximum altitude gained by Anza is 4000 meters, and it can carry 550 grams of warhead explosive. Its reaction time is less than 3.5 seconds, while transition time from movement to ready for operation is less than 10 seconds. Its self-destruction time is between 14 to 18 seconds. The launch motor to have a safe distance between the gunner and the missile after it is released has a jettison/separation characteristics. The total length of the missile with launch motor is 147-7 mm and its weighs 10.68 kg. The operating time of ground battery is more than 50 seconds, and the operating temperature range is between minus 40 centigrade to plus 55 centigrade.

ANZA MK-II Specifications

L Type

2-stage, low altitude

Length (missile, with booster 1.447 m motor) Weight

16.5 kg

(total launch assembly in firing condition) (missile at launch)

10.68 kg

Propulsion

solid fuel booster and solid fuel sustainer rocket motor

Guidance

cooled InSb passive infra-red homing seeker

Warhead

HE fragmentation (containing 0.55 Kg HE) with contact and graze fuzing

Average missile cruise speed

600 m/s

Max missile manoeuvring

16 g

Self destruction time

14-18 s

Max effective slant range

5,000 m

Min effective slant range

500 m

Max effective altitude 4000 m Min effective altitude 30 m Weapon reaction time

less than 3.5 s

Time from march to ready

less than 10 s for operation

Battery operation time

more than 50 s

HJ-8 Baktar Shikan The PLA's second-generation anti-tank missile "Hongjian-8" [Red Arrow] was deployed in the late 1980s. This anti-tank missile has a long range and is accurate, dependable and powerful. It can pierce through armors 80mm thick. The front armor of the gun tower of Taiwan's best M60 tanks is only 110mm thick. The latest "Hongjian-8E" was finalized for production in the mid-1990. The "Hongjian-8E" has a range of four kilometers, and an estimated hit accuracy of over 90 percent. Since it is fitted with tandem warhead, it can pierce through tanks with reactive armor, and has an armor-piercing depth of over 100 millimeters. The "Hongjian-8E" can be carried by infantry soldiers or mounted on various types of vehicles and helicopters. The performance of the "Hongjian-8E" is similar to the "TOW" anti-tank missiles of the US army, and is better than the German and French "Milan" anti-tank missile. The main attack weapon of China's Z-11, Mi-17 and Gazelle helicopter gunships is the Hongjian-8 anti-tank missile. China's first special helicopter gunship is a type of Gazelle anti-tank armed helicopter imported from France. Although its pylons can carry four to six Hongjian-8 and other anti-tank missiles, they can also carry rockets, machine guns and even cannons. The new WZ-9 helicopter gunship, the WZ-9 [export model codenamed Z-9G] is a gunship converted from the French-designed Z-9 helicopter produced under license in China. Its pylons can carry four Hongjian-8 anti-tank missiles. As early as in 1989, a Hongjian-8 anti-tank missile was successfully launched from the WZ-9 helicopter. In July 1997 Pakistan successfully tested two missile systems -- Anza and Baktar Shikan, which will add to its conventional military strength. Baktar Shikan is a second generation anti-tank guided missile weapon system which pursues the principle of optical aiming, IR tracking and automatically generated, remote controlled and wire transmitted guidance signals. The system can quickly be dis-assembled into the following four sub-units, each not weighing more than 25 Kgs, thus making the system man-portable:    

Encased missile IR Goniometer Guidance unit Tripod assembly

Aiming at the target through 12 magnifications sight of Goniometer, the firer presses the firing trigger and keeps the cross hairs of the sight on the target. The rest is done by the system itself, which automatically guides the missile to fly along the line of sight until it hits the target and a powerful warhead enables its destruction. Support Equipment :



First Echelon Instrument -- a special device for quickly judging the operational state of Launching & Guidance System before firing. It is carried manually in a canvas pack.  Second Echelon Instrument -- facilitates fault finding of the Launching & Guidance System up to component level for repairs. It can be carried in a vehicle for use in the field.  Indoor Training Simulator -- provides inexpensive possibility of training the firer without resorting to actual firing.

Specifications Propulsion

solid

Range

3000 meters

Hit probability

90%

Penetration Probability

90%

Depth of Penetration-static

> 800 mm

Depth of 180 mm at 680 HRA Penetration-dynamic Rate of fire

2-3 Rds per minute

Mean flying speed

220 meters/seconds

Encased missile

1566 x 155 mm; 25 kg (length x diameter)

Main missile

875 X 120 X 320 MM; (length x dia x 11.2 Kg wing-span)

IR Goniometer

480 x 150 x 280 mm; (length x width x 12.5 kg height)

Guidance unit

665 x 368 x 350 mm; (length x width x 24 kg height)

Tripod assembly

327 x 368 x 994 mm; (length x width x 23 kg height)

IR Goniometer

Wide IR field of view

±49 m Rad

Narrow IR field of view

±7 m Rad

Field of view of sight

6°

Magnification of sight

x12

Field of Fire Elevation

-7° ~ +13°

Traverse

360°

Environmental Condition for Firing

Temperature -40 °C ~ +50 °C Climate -- All Weather

SAM-250 Iranian President Rafsanjani announced on 11 October 1997 that Iran had test-launched a major new surface-to-air missile system with a range of 250 kilometers. Although no further details have been forthcoming, the description of the missile was generally similar to the Russian SA-5, which is deployed in Iran. Various reports suggest that Iran has acquired four HQ-23/2B (CSA-1) launchers and 45-48 missiles, along with 25 SA-6 and 10-15 SA-5 launchers.

Barak/Adams BARAK is a ground based, mobile or stationary air defense system armed with BARAK Vertical Launch Missile, providing on unobstructed hemispherical coverage and protection against all existing air threats: aircraft, helicopters, UAVs and stand-off munitions of all types, including cruise missiles. Proven anti- missile capability All weather, day and night operation Autonomous or netted operation 12 ready to launch missiles Short reaction time HIGH LETHALITY - Sophisticated warhead, fully integrated with advanced proximity fuse, ensures high kill probability of small targets. ADVANCED RADAR TECHNOLOGY - Narrow beam KA frequency band, ECCM immunity. COMMAND & CONTROL - Instant response, automatic and fully computerized firing sequence. VERTICAL LAUNCH - Operation in densely populated sites and combat areas, no safety sector restrictions. CLOS GUIDANCE - Precise intercept of high and low altitude, reduced RCS threats such as missiles and UAVs. HIGHLY ENERGETIC MISSILE - large defended area and operation against high maneuverability targets. COST EFFICIENCY - Minimal personnel requirements, minimized system maintenance, highest reliability and operational availability.

Python-3 PYTHON-3 is a third-generation short to medium range air-to-air missile adapted to the F-15, F-16, all types of Mirage, F-5, F-4 and Kfir C-2 and C-7 aircraft. The missile upgrades the capability of its carrier and gives it air superiority in modern air combat scenarios, such as:     

Head-on interceptions Beam interceptions Dogfights involving high-g maneuvers Low-altitude interceptions of helicopters and light aircraft Self-defense air combat during penetration missions.

MAIN FEATURES       

All-aspect capability, including head-on interception Effective against most evasive tactics Capable of intercepting low-signature and low-altitude threats 15 km maximum effective range at high altitude Active proximity fuze, based on lead bias navigation system Highly efficient warhead Versatile target acquisition modes, including slaving to advanced radar system  Reliability greater than 95%  Full ILS, including combat doctrine manual, training and ground support equipment The Python 3, RAFA'EL's [Arms Development Authority] air-to-air missile, has intercepted dozens of Syrian planes. The pilot can launch the missile only after steering his plane at the enemy plane at a 30-40 degree cone.

Specifications Manafacturer

RAFA'EL Armament Development Authority

Date Deployed

Mid 1980's

Range

0.5 km to 15 km

Speed

Mach 3.5

Propulsion

One Rafael Armaments Development Authority double-base solid propellant rocket motor

Guidance

IR homing

Warhead

24.25 lb ( 11 kg )

Launch Weight

264.6 lb ( 120 kg )

Length

9 ft, 10.1 in ( 3.00 m )

Diameter

6.3 in ( 160 mm )

Fin Span

2 ft, 9.9 in ( 0.86 m )

Python-4 The Python-4 fourth generation A/A missile, in operational use in the Israeli Air Force , features a novel "no escape volume" performance with a unique aerodynamic configuration for superior agility. The state-of-the-art, high performance seeker incorporates an advanced IRCM & background rejection capabilities. The missile includes a highly effective fragmentation warhead. Python 4 is a very nimble "fire and forget" missile with an improved maneuvering capability. It has an advanced homing head with a lateral "squint" capability which allows it to receive signals from the line of vision of the pilot who sees the enemy plane through a special (Elbit-developed) helmet. The missile receives these signals and hits the enemy plane without requiring the pilot to steer his aircraft at the enemy plane. The Python 4 can be launched at a range of over 15 km, its warhead is over 11 kg, and its electromagnetic proximity fuze is one of the best in the world.

Specifications Manufacturer

Rafael Armament Development Authority

Date Deployed

Mid 1980's

Range

0.5 km to 15 km

Speed

Mach 3.5

Propulsion

One Rafael Armaments Development Authority double-base solid propellant rocket motor

Guidance

IR homing

Warhead

24.25 lb ( 11 kg )

Launch Weight

264.6 lb ( 120 kg )

Length

9 ft, 10.1 in ( 3.00 m )

Diameter

6.3 in ( 160 mm )

Fin Span

2 ft, 9.9 in ( 0.86 m )

Alto / Derby Variously known as Alto or Derby, this Israeli active radar-guided air-to-air missile (AAM) is a collaborative effort between Rafael, the state's armament development agency, and Israel Aircraft Industries MBT. Officially acknowledged in 1998, the project has been underway for at least a decade. This missile's design shares considerable commonality with Python 4, though adding mid-body wings. This medium-range weapon, with a maximum effective engagement envelope of about 50 km, may have already entered service with the Israeli Air Force. Israel is marketing a variant of the missile for export, with offers to the Philippines and India, while South Korea and China also be potential customers.

Specifications Manafacturer

RAFA'EL Armament Development Authority

Date Deployed Range

50 km

Speed Propulsion Guidance

active radar

Warhead Launch Weight Length

3.8 meters

Diameter

0.15 meters

Fin Span

0.5 meters

Gabriel III The Israeli Gabriel III/AS is an advanced offshoot of the original Gabriel ship-to-ship missile system. The original Gabriel was a small, canister fired sea skimmer, designed to attack enemy vessels at wavetop level, making its approach extremely hard to detect. This newer, air-launched version is larger, with a range of 37 miles, and carries a highexplosive warhead weighing 331 lbs. The guidance system of the Gabriel III/AS enables it to fly so low that it must be pre-set according to the current size of the waves.

Specifications Contractor

Israeli Aircraft Industries

Entered Service

1982

Modifications

Solid propellant rocket motor Liquid fuel turbojet motor

Total length

3.9 m

Diameter

0.34 m

Wingspan

1.1 m

Weight

600 kg

Warhead

contact-, graze- and deceleration-fuzed highexplosive, 150 kg

Propulsion

single stage solid propellant rocket motor or liquid fuel turbojet

Maximum Speed

840 km/h

Maximum effective range

Ceiling: 9100 m Maximum range (rocket motor): 40 km Maximum range (turbojet motor): 60 km

Guidance mode

I-band active radar

Single-shot hit probability

Spike The Spike Anti Tank Missile, developed and produced by RAFAEL, represents a new generation in missile technology with a high rate precision and with modular adaptability to various platforms.

Specifications Contractor Entered Service Total length Diameter Wingspan Weight Warhead Weight Propulsion Maximum Speed Maximum effective range Guidance mode Single-shot hit probability

RAFAEL

SAHV SAHV-3 is a high-velocity, command-guided, surface-to-air missile. It is an effective counter to helicopters, ship-to-ship missiles and high-speed aircraft attacking from very low altitudes to over 24 000 ft. SAHV-IR is a high-velocity, infra-red homing, ground-to-air missile. It is an effective counter to all types of aircraft attacking from below 100 ft to well over 20 000 ft.

Specifications Contractor Entered Service Total length Diameter Wingspan Weight Warhead Weight Propulsion Maximum Speed Maximum effective range Guidance mode Single-shot hit probability

Denel/Kentron

U-Darter U-Darter is a third-generation, all-aspect, short-range, infra-red guided, air-to-air missile, which is effective for all operational requirements of modern air combat involving highly manoeuvrable aircraft.

Specifications Contractor Entered Service Total length Diameter Wingspan Weight Warhead Weight Propulsion Maximum Speed Maximum effective range Guidance mode Single-shot hit probability

Denel/Kentron

Mupsow Mupsow is a multi-purpose, surgical-strike weapon, designed to neutralize enemy targets such as airfields, bunkers and command-and-control centres at stand-off ranges. Pinpoint accuracy is achieved through an advanced navigation and terminal guidance system.

Specifications Contractor Entered Service Total length Diameter Wingspan Weight Warhead Weight Propulsion Maximum Speed Maximum effective range Guidance mode Single-shot hit probability

Denel/Kentron

Mokopa Mokopa is a heavy, long-range, anti-armour missile that utilizes a semi-active guidance concept. Its large-calibre tandem warhead is designed to destroy any foreseen armour threat.

Specifications Contractor Entered Service Total length Diameter Wingspan Weight Warhead Weight Propulsion Maximum Speed Maximum effective range Guidance mode Single-shot hit probability

Denel/Kentron

ZT3 The ZT3 family of heavy, long-range, anti-armour missiles operate on a command-toline-of-sight (CLOS) principle. Designed to operate with minimum logistics support, they are ideal for severe and isolated battle conditions.

Specifications Contractor Entered Service Total length Diameter Wingspan Weight Warhead Weight Propulsion Maximum Speed Maximum effective range Guidance mode Single-shot hit probability

Denel/Kentron