Origin And Insertions

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Table of Muscles - Origins, Insertions, and Action of Muscles Muscles of the Head and Neck: Muscle Name

Origin

Temporalis

temporal bone

Masseter

maxilla, zygomatic arch

Digastric

lower mandible, mastoid process of skull (Chin)

manubrium of sternum and Sternocleidomastoid clavicle (medial portion)

Action Insertion mandible (coronoid closes jaw (elevates process) mandible) closes jaw (elevates and mandible retracts mandible) open mouth (lowers mandible), elevates and hyoid holds hyoid during speech and swallowing if one side is contracted, rotates/tilts head mastoid process of sideways; if both sides skull contracted, draws head forward and down; flexes neck

Muscles of the Back, Shoulder, and Chest: Muscle Trapezius

Origin spinous process of C7 and all thoracic

Insertion Action clavicle; acromion elevates, depresses, and process and spine retracts scapula

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(shoulder); both acting together, draw head dorsally (backward) abducts arm (humerus); (posterior deltoiddeltoid tuberosity extension and lateral of humerus rotation of arm; anterior deltoid flexes and medially rotates arm) lateral rotation of greater tubercle of humerus (shoulder); humerus horizontal abduction of humerus (shoulder) abduction of humerus greater tubercle of (shoulder); stabilizes humerus shoulder joint

vertebrae, occipital bone of scapula of the skull

Deltoid

clavicle ; acromion process and spine of scapula

Infraspinatus

infraspinous fossa of scapula

Supraspinatus supraspinous fossa of (deep muscle) scapula

Latissimus dorsi

Pectoralis major

spinous processes of thoracic, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and iliac crest (it actually arises from the lumbar aponeurosis) sternum, clavicle, costal cartilage of 1st-6th ribs and rectus sheath

intertubercular groove of humerus

adducts and extends arm (humerus): rotates arm medially (shoulder), draws shoulder down and backward

adducts and flexes arm greater tubercle of (humerus), medial humerus rotation (shoulder)

Muscles of the Upper Arm (Brachium): Muscle

Origin Insertion (2 heads) short head coracoid process of scapula; Biceps brachii radial tuberosity long head - intertubular groove of humerus Brachialis distal anterior humerus coronoid process

Action flexes forearm (elbow); rolls radius outward to supinates hand flexes forearm

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of ulna (elbow) just above styloid above lateral epicondyle of flexes forearm Brachioradialis process on lateral humerus (elbow) surface of radius (3 heads) long head from olecranon process extends forearm Triceps brachii scapula, lateral and medial of ulna (elbow) heads from humerus

Muscles of the Forearm: Muscle

Origin Insertion medial epicondyle of humerus and base of 5th metacarpal olecranon process of ulna medial epicondyle base of 2nd and 3rd of humerus metacarpals

Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi radialis Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Action flexes hand (wrist); acts with extensor carpi ulnaris to adduct hand flexes and abducts hand (wrist) extends and adducts lateral epicondyle of hand (wrist), acts humerus posterior base of 5th metacarpal with Flexor carpi border of ulna ulnaris longus on base of extends and abducts lateral epicondyle of second metacarpal, the hand (wrist), humerus brevis on base of third acts with flexor metacarpal carpi radialis

Muscles of the Abdomen: Muscle Rectus

Origin symphysis pubis

Insertion Action costal cartilage of 5th flex lumbar portion of

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abdominis

and pubic crest

and 7th ribs, xiphoid process of sternum

Quadratus lumborum (Deep)

iliac crest and transverse processes of lower 3 lumbar vertebrae

acting together, extends inferior margin of 12th spine at lumbar region; if rib and transverse singly, lateral flexion of processes of upper spine; maintains upright four lumbar vertebrae posture

vertebral column

Muscles of the Pelvic/Femoral Region: Muscle

Origin iliac crest, sacrum, and coccyx

Insertion iliotibial tract and posterior femur (hip) lateral part of upper portion of greater trochanter ilium of femur

Action extends thigh (femur), Gluteus maximus lateral rotation of femur (hip) abducts and medially Gluteus medius rotates femur (hip); steadies pelvis flexes femur and vertebral Psoas major (Deep lumbar lesser trochanter of column (hip), stabilizes hip muscle) vertebrae femur for posture anterior superior medial surface of flexes and laterally rotates Sartorius spine of ilium tibia thigh (hip); flexes knee Adductor (Deep) linea aspera of adducts, flexes, and A. longus, A. pubis femur laterally rotates femur (hip) Magnus medial surface of flexes and medially rotates Gracilis pubis tibia knee; adducts thigh (hip)

Muscles of the Quadriceps:

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Muscle Rectus femoris Vastus medialis; Vastus lateralis

Origin Insertion Action anterior inferior spine of patella to tibial flexes femur (hip); pelvis and lip of acetabulum tuberosity extends leg (knee) patella to tibial linea aspera of femur extends leg (knee) tuberosity

Muscles of the Hamstrings: Muscle

Origin

Insertion Action medial condyle ishial extends femur (hip); flexes Semimembranosus of tibia tuberosity (knee) and medially rotates leg (posterior) extends femur (hip); flexes ishial proximal medial (knee), and with Semitendinosus tuberosity portion of tibia semimembranosus, medially rotates leg head of fibula Biceps femoris (long ischial extends and laterally rotates and lateral head) tuberosity femur (hip); flexes (knee) condyle of tibia head of fibula Biceps femoris linea aspera and lateral flexes knee ( short head) of femur condyle of tibia

Muscles of the Lower Leg: Muscle

Origin lateral condyle and Tibialis upper lateral portion anterior of tibia Gastrocnemius 2 heads, medial and lateral condyle of

Insertion

Action

first cuneiform dorsiflexion and inversion and 1st metatarsal of foot (ankle) posterior surface of calcaneus

plantar flexes foot (ankle); flexes knee

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Soleus

femur medial border of tibia, posterior surface head of fibula of calcaneus

plantar flexes foot (ankle), steadies leg when standing

HAZRAT BILAL MALAKANDI 1ST YEAR (PHYSIOTHERAPY) KMU INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHEBILATATION Cell# 091-0333-9364694 [email protected] [email protected]

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