Organization Of The German Army 1894 100

W7AR

A. G. O.

~MLTR

NII~R ER lUMB

DVSO.i

NOM~ON

DEPARTMENT,)

NFRAINDVSO.2

RE~PORT ON TILE

ORGAN IZATION OF

THEi

ARMY.Y

GERMANB

BY

MA~sJOR

TH~EODOR~E

8 ~, SCHWAN

ASSISTANT ADJUTANT GENERAL, U. S. ARMY.

NG-T ON W7~ASH~I GOVERNMENT

PRINTINGt OFFICE.

1894;.

CH-APTER

I--MILITARY

S5ERVICE.

Liability to military service-9ge Service in the standing army-____________________9 'The landwehr----^--------TCheerisatz reserve-,,,, The landstnrm-1 Exceptions to rules touching commencement and length of service-__~__

___10

CHAPTERL 11-PEACE STRENGTH. Legislation in reference to the peace strength of the standing army--___________ Cost of military and naval establishments, 1872-93--1___,l2 ~L nsions-1 Organizationand aggregatestrength of the various arms and corps.--13________________ Variation in the strength of organizations wit~hin the same arm--14---------''--

_______11

CHAP~TER ILl-OFFIcEns. Principles governing the promotion of officers--17 Oversinughing of officers, its effect--17___,_________l Assignment (promotion) to the higher commands-___ --- '---18-------The company--______~________ ________ _____18 The battalion--18___, The regiment __,________----------15 The brigade--____________ _~_____ _____ _____19 The division--19__________ \The army corps--___________________ -----' The infantry instroction battalion--21 Conditions of admission to the corps of officers--_____________ Offc~ers of the reserve and landwehr--24 The training of the army--2__ _______ _____ ;______ __________ Powers and duties of' the commander-in-chief, and hris relations to the contingents composing the army - - Noncommissioned officers-3

19 212 5 26

CHAPTER IV-" INSPECTIONS." Inspections of special arms, technical and educational institutes, etc--________________ The cavalry inspections--________ _____ ____33 The inspection of field artillery --- ~-----------'"-IThe general inspection of foot artillery--_. ___ ____________________ ___ Inspections of artillery depots--__________~____ _________ ____34 Of the artillery mannfacturing,establishments--_ ________________ _____34 Of the small arms and cartridge factories______--_________34 The chief of the artillery proving commission (Ar~tii~l~re Pr)iifucngs-Uormnz u8sion) -____: The general inspection of the engineer an~d pioneer corps and of fortresses_________---~----35 The inspection of rifles and sharpshooters-_______ ________ _________ _ The general inspection of the system of military education and training--____ _____ _____35 The superior military committee on studies--36 The superior military examnination committee--36 The inspection of war schools--____________________36 The corps of cadets--_ _________ ____36 The combined artillery and engineer school at Berlin-_______ ________ ____ The inspection of the infantry schools--__________37 (3)

33 33 33

_ 35____ j 35

37

CHAPITER V-THE PRUSSIAN

WVAR MINISTRY. Page.

Nature and general scope-39,,__,__, ____ ________,__ _______ _ __,_, _,,_,,__, _,,_,___ _,,, _,, The central division-39 _____ _. ____________ ___ _______ The general war department-39 The department of military ecomomy-40_,____________~__________ _______ _ ________ The department for the invalid system__-40_______________ The arms department-40________,________ __________. __ _____ ________ The remount division-40__:____________ __, ______,___,_,______ The medicinal division-40_____,,,,,, ______________ The division for personal affairs-40_.____ ________ CHAPTER VI--WVAR STRENGTH. 41 organization, preparatory measures--__________________ _____ ______ Wm7ar Supposed war strength. of peace cadres and new formations_.--_ ______,_,___________42 Aggregate war strength_ ____--45___ _________________________ Reasons adduced for and against the increase of the strength of the army--__________ .. _____45 Provisions of the newly enacted army law--47____________,__ _ _____ _ __ _____ CHAPTER VIJ--THE G~ENERAL STAF`F. General remarks. The term general staff defined-.-,_________._ _____ _________ __49 Historical sketch _,_--50______________ _,,,_,,,_____,, ,_________ _-----_._----_____ Present organiz;ation--60 ---i- 0 _________rThe peace establi~shmenet (F7riedensetat)--6 __________ ______ __________62 The war establishment--_________ 62 )--------------------------------·----Status and sphere of~ ~uty_,,T~-_________ __________ ______-__ 612 The chief of the general staff of the army___-The superior quartermasters--____________________62 The general staff officers serving with troops or at fortresses--___ _ ___ _______________62 ___ ______~___ The great general staff--63_ ___ _____ ______ _,_, _ .,_,,_, _ ___ __,_-__- ,,,,,_, Central division--63, _____ , ___- ,,,, __- _ ,-_First division,_,--63--__-,,,,,,, _-_-_-_---___ ___________ Second division--63_____---_ -_----63_ ,,__,,_ ---------Third division _,_---__ ,,,,-,, Fourth division____--63,-____-------__. __,64____--____ _,, ,______ -----The railway division -,___64 -,,,-,,,-,_ ,,, UVJVIV lllitaryhIistorVLy -,,,,,,,, Theiviioofi The geographical statistical division--,,,_____, ____,__65 The chief of the survey--,,_, ______________,_65 65 ______,_,_____ The trigonometrical division-___ .__,,-___^._____-~-,,,, ___________,___ ,_r The topographical division_--65__. __,-_-_,, _____65 _,_____ The cartographical division ___--_,,_,--,,,___,_,_ ___ ___ _____ ___- ____,_ The map room (Plaxn Kaxmmer) __--65-_Special duties of the general staff ___--___,__-_____,,___66 ____ ___,,__________ _______ The general statff practice tours--66 _,,__,_,,,_,__ __-,Great general staff tours __,,--66____,,_, __-_-___,___________,_ __--, Corps general staff tours___--67_ _, ___,,_______, ,,,____ Fortress general staff tours--67_,_,_, ,_ ___G _,____,__ _______ Detail (Kornmanldo)tothe great general staff,_,--67__,, ___-____~_~_~8 ,______ Appointment to the general staff--6 _________,,,_,,, ___ _______ ___ __ ___ ----- _.----,__ ,-~-__ The higher adjudantur--69-__- .-,70 Inspection service -------------------70r ------------------.---------Army inspections ----

The commission of studies ----Theinstructors--73The library of the academy

CHAPTER VIII-THE WA-R ACADEMY. -73_----__,,,,,,-,,,, - ----------- ci --- i- --------,,,,,rl-.,---------

. ,,,,_,,,,,,

4 7---------

Page.

Detail--74___ __________ __, _,_________,,____ Conditions of admission--74___,__,,,,_,,__, __,,_, _,, _ The entrance exam~ination--74_____,,,_ ___, __,,, ._,,_,, The examination programme--74__,_,___ ________,,__________ The examination proceedings--75_. _____ ,, _____,__ ___ The course of instruction--75 The method of instruction--7,,,,,,

_,,,_ ____ ,, ___,_____ 6

The scope of instruction--76__________ __, __ _____~_,_____ ___ The scope of general subjects--77____________, , ________________ . Tactics--77_______,,,,___,__,,,_,____,_,__, _, Military history--____________________77 General staff duties and practice tours__--78______ _________ ____________, Apporfio~nment of studies

79

Classes-79,, _, _,_,,,,,, ,,, __, __ ,,__,, _,_,_, _,,,,, Lect~urers-79 _, ___,,,,,, ___ __,_,, ,,,__, __ Examinations-79________,, __ ,,,__,,_,,, ____,,,,,,,,______, Conditions of transfer to a higher class-_____________________80 Service with other arms-80___ _____-, ,_____ __________ _: Return to regiment-80_ ______ ____._______ _____ ___. ___ Diplomas-________________80 Special reports-80_________________ ____________,__ Relief from the detail at the War Academy-SO__ __, ____ ____,_, __, __________ Fundamentalprinciples-81__ The intendantur-82

CHAPTER IX-MILITARY ADMIINISTRATION. _______________,_________,

____

Selection and training of intendantur offcials-_,_, _ _______,____ ___________84 Paymasters-84__ ______. ______________,_________ The magaz~ine administrati ons-85______ __________, ____________, The garrison administrations-87__, _______ __ _______,_____,,__ ___ The hospital administrations-88_______,,___________s The corps clothing departments-88_______ _____ ,___,,_____ ____~_~_~ CHAPTER X-FINANcE. Public funds and property-89_ _,, ______,___ _,_, _____________ _ Monthly revisions-___._______ ______ ___ __ _______ ______ _____91 Quarterly revisions-_______,_,_,,________91. Unexpected revisions-9________,____,,,,___ 2 Money allowances ____, _i-92 -----------,,---,-----------, Maximum. rates of pay-93___,_, _______ ___,, _______,__ ___ Pensionable income and pension rates -96 _________ __________________ ___ Regimental officers-96______,, _______ ____~___,_____ Military and civilian officials of the military administration-__ __. _______. ____,,,_,__97 Enlisted men -98_ _____ ______ _____ ________ _____ Pay of captain of the first and second classes-98________,,__,_____, __ ______ Extra compensation and allowances-98______ ____ __. __·___ ___, ________ Table money-99__. _______________ _________ ______ Equipment money-99_ ____________________ ____________ -War equipment money-99____ _____ ___________________~_ Relief funds-99___________ ___________~___________ Children's tuition-100____.,___ _________________ Various funds-100____,_________________ _____ Fund for the repair of clothing and equipment _-__,, ____ __ ______ _ 100 _ _.___ Fund for the repair of arms-100___ ___ ___ _____ ______ ___ _____ Fund for the repair of material used for target practice, etc-__ ____-,_________ _____100 Office allowances__._____ ____ _________ 100________ Horseshoe and horse-medicine money-______,,,,_,,_,_,_, _____100 .____,_,_ School and exercise mon~ey-101_,_ ______,_,_ _______ ______ Artillery target practice money-,,_,,_,, ,,,,,,, ,,,,_,,,,,,, ,,,,_ 101.

CHAPTER XJ-SEUBSISTENCE

AND FORAGE. Page.

General principles--103 _______,,,______,,______________~____ Subsistence of troops in the enemy's country--___,____, ___, ______ _________ __104 Supply of troops from the mlagazines--104 __. __., _ ______ _______ _______ ~ The ration (.Portion)--__________,,__,,____ ___105 Officers' messes--,,106 Supply of forage--106 ______,__ ____, _____ ____ ___ Subsisting troops and foraging animals in war--______ _.___,_,,,______ CHAPTER XIJ--CLOTIIING, EQUIPM~ENT,

_____,___

___

____~____

_______ ------________

~_____

------.

__107

--- ___ 109 _ 1-09 _____ 111

__

_-______

G-eneral remarks and principles--114__________ _______ Practice, augmentation, and reserve arms--________,_,,,____, W~ar and practice ammuniin--us_,______, __,_, __ Repairs of arms in the hands of troops--116__ _______,_______, C~HAPTER XJIII-BARRAOK5

____

ARMS, AND AMMUNITION.

Clothing and equipment--______ G~eneral remarks and principles -----------------Management of clothing by the troops--__,,_ _ _____;__ Management of clothing in war -- ___, ________,__,,__112 Field equipage--113______ __________ _______ Musters--113 Train depots--_______ Arms and ammunition--114

____

________114 ___ __,____

___

___ _____115

____ ______

AND QUARTERS.

Shelter of troops, horses, and material--117_-_ _______ _______ Gieneral principles and definitions -__, __,_________________ Barrazcks--_ The arrangemenelt--118____,_ ________ ________ The fitting up of barracks--___, ________,___119 Articles for expenditure--120___ _________ _______ The utilization of barracks--1,_____________ Private barracks_--_________,____ Management of barrack's by troops--____________________121 Official residences--f122 Commutation of quarters, fuel, light, stables--, ____________________ Additional money allowances on account of quarters--___, __; __

____~__

_____ ____,,

l 117__,,__ 118

____ __________ ___-

l20 _121

___ ______1f22 ____________ ____1f23

ChIAPTER XJY-SPEcIAL CORPS. The military clergy-125___ _____ _____________________ The sanitary system-125,___, __ _.__,, _ ___ __~________ Military apothecaries-126___________,_______ Military veterinarians-126_ ___ .______________,,___ ___ CHAPTER XV--ADMINI5TR·ATION

OFi M/ILITARY

____ __;

__

JUsTrcE (Aftitdr-Reoh~tspfl~ege).

General remarks--129____,, ________,_,,_', ___________ Discipline and disciplinary punishmnent--130,_, _________, ____________________ Scope of the disciplinary punishment power -- ______ _.____ ______,,___, ___130 The authorized disciplinary punishmenis--_________ ___ __________,____ ___130 Execution of disciplinary punishments _--__ __. ____,_,_, __, ____,___ ____132 Complaints--133_,____ _________,_________ _______ General principles-133_ _________ __ _____,_____________ Admissibility of complaints _-_- ___,____________ 133 Limitation of complaints-133_ ____________, _._, ___, _________,__ Admonition-133_,,____ _______,___, _________~ Decision-N~aotice of decision-__________I___,_133 Complaints of a number of persons_..- _____ _____,___ _ _ _____ __.__ ._ 134 Measures against unfounded complaints-___, ___,,,,,,__134

C~omplaints-Uontilu~ed.

Pg

Channel of complaints fori officers -_,;;,; ;; ;________ ,__________ 134;. Official mediation---134_____,_________,______________ Choice of mediator---___,______,_________134 Refusal to act as mediator---134______,., ______,___ __L ___~___ ______ Action of the medliator---134,_, _______ _________~________ ITnstitution of the complaint---134 ______,_____________ ______ Channel of complaint of noncommissioned officers and soldiers-_____,,_______,__ ___134 CHAPTER XVJ--MILITARY

JUDIcIAL SYSTEM

(Aftitdr-Gerichtswesen).

G-eneral remarks-137_ ,________ ___~i_~____________ Investigating conrt ___.___________7-----1·37 The preliminary investigation-137__ _____ _______________ ______ _ The sentencing conrt-_____________________138 Procedure-__, _____________138 Confirmation and promulgation of the judgment-__ _____ ______ _____________ Execution of military court sentences__,-139___~ 1._.__ _____ ___ _____ ______ Different kinds of arrest-139__ _____ ____ _ _____ __ __~___ __ __ The court of honor-141____..___,,,___, __1___________________ The council of hlonor-142________,_, ____,______________ Investigations of courts of honor-142___ ,_,,, __, ___ ________________ ____ Promulgation-143 ________ ____,__ _______ __

___138