Oral Questions - Tropical Medicine
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ORAL QUESTIONS TROPICAL MEDICINE Ø TYPES OF VIRAL HEPATITIS? · SPECIFIC: o Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, F & G viruses. · NON‐SPECIFIC: 1.HIV. 2.Bird flu. 3.Rift valley fever.
Ø DIAGNOSIS OF VIRAL HEPATITS? 1.History. 2.Clinical picture (jaundice & enlarged liver). 3.Investigations: o Liver function tests. o Hepatitis markers.
Ø CLINICAL VARIETIES OF VIRAL HEPATITIS? 1.Icteric: o Prodromal stage. o Jaundice. o Convalescence (or chronicity). 2.Non‐icteric (no jaundice).
3.Sub‐acute (tinge). 4.Fulminant. 5.Relapsing. 6.Cholestatic jaundice.
Ø WHAT DOES “CHRONIC HEPATITS PATIENT” MEANS (definition of chronic hepatitis)? 1.Clinically ill (more than 6 month). 2.Chemically ill (liver function tests). 3.Biologically ill (liver biopsy).
Ø JAUNDICE: DEFINITION & TYPES? · It is a yellowish discoloration of skin, sclera & m.m. when serum bilirubin exceeds 3 mg%.
· TYPES: § Clinically: 1.Manifest. 2.Non‐manifest. § Aetiologically: 1.Haemolytic. 2.Obstructive. 3.Hepatocellular.
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Ø CAUSES OF DEATH IN A CASE OF HAEMATEMESIS? 1.Hypovolemic shock. 2.Neurogenic shock. 3.Renal failure. 4.Asphyxia.
Ø MANAGEMENT (treatment) OF HAEMATEMESIS? 1.Check the vital signs (pulse & blood pressure). 2.Make the patient to sit at 45 o . 3.Give dextran (or saline or glucose). Then >> to be transferred to the hospital & … (Treatment of portal hypertension during the bleeding): 1.Resuscitation. 2.Stop the bleeding. 3.Balloon tamponade. 4.Emergency surgery.
Ø CHARACTERS OF … LIVER?
SIZE
SCHISTOSOMAL (BILHARZIAL) · Enlarged. · Average. · Shrunken.
CONSISTENCY BORDER · Sharp. · Smooth. SURFACE · Fine undulations. TENDERNESS · Not tender.
CIRRHOTIC · Variable. “Early enlarged liver but later on becomes shrunken with irregular surface”.
·Firm. · Not sharp. · Irregular (nodular). · Tender.
MALIGNANT (CANCER) · Enlarged. “Enlarged tender hard liver with irregular surface”. · Hard.
·Irregular. · Highly tender.
Esnips.com/user/ma7moud
Ø DIAGNOSIS OF VIRAL HEPATITS? 1.History. 2.Clinical picture (jaundice & enlarged liver). 3.Investigations: o Liver function tests. o Hepatitis markers.
Ø CLINICAL VARIETIES OF VIRAL HEPATITIS? 1.Icteric: o Prodromal stage. o Jaundice. o Convalescence (or chronicity). 2.Non‐icteric (no jaundice).
3.Sub‐acute (tinge). 4.Fulminant. 5.Relapsing. 6.Cholestatic jaundice.
Ø WHAT DOES “CHRONIC HEPATITS PATIENT” MEANS (definition of chronic hepatitis)? 1.Clinically ill (more than 6 month). 2.Chemically ill (liver function tests). 3.Biologically ill (liver biopsy).
Ø JAUNDICE: DEFINITION & TYPES? · It is a yellowish discoloration of skin, sclera & m.m. when serum bilirubin exceeds 3 mg%.
· TYPES: § Clinically: 1.Manifest. 2.Non‐manifest. § Aetiologically: 1.Haemolytic. 2.Obstructive. 3.Hepatocellular.
Esnips.com/user/ma7moud
Ø CAUSES OF DEATH IN A CASE OF HAEMATEMESIS? 1.Hypovolemic shock. 2.Neurogenic shock. 3.Renal failure. 4.Asphyxia.
Ø MANAGEMENT (treatment) OF HAEMATEMESIS? 1.Check the vital signs (pulse & blood pressure). 2.Make the patient to sit at 45 o . 3.Give dextran (or saline or glucose). Then >> to be transferred to the hospital & … (Treatment of portal hypertension during the bleeding): 1.Resuscitation. 2.Stop the bleeding. 3.Balloon tamponade. 4.Emergency surgery.
Ø CHARACTERS OF … LIVER?
SIZE
SCHISTOSOMAL (BILHARZIAL) · Enlarged. · Average. · Shrunken.
CONSISTENCY BORDER · Sharp. · Smooth. SURFACE · Fine undulations. TENDERNESS · Not tender.
CIRRHOTIC · Variable. “Early enlarged liver but later on becomes shrunken with irregular surface”.
·Firm. · Not sharp. · Irregular (nodular). · Tender.
MALIGNANT (CANCER) · Enlarged. “Enlarged tender hard liver with irregular surface”. · Hard.
·Irregular. · Highly tender.
Esnips.com/user/ma7moud
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