Oracle 8i To 9i Migration

Blackboard Academic Suite™

Migrating Small Scale

Oracle® 8i to

Small Scale Oracle® 9i

Blackboard Learning System - Basic Edition™

Oracle Migration (Doc #163008)

Publication Date: January 18, 2005

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Blackboard Learning System—Basic Edition

Upgrading Oracle 8i to Oracle 9i

TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents

3

Getting Started

4

Backup the existing database

6

Backup the existing database

6

Export Oracle data

8

Install Small-Scale Oracle 9i

13

Import Blackboard Data

16

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GETTING STARTED Overview Oracle is ending support for its Oracle 8i (version 8.1.7) RDBMS product. Error correction support will end on December 31, 2004 and extended support will end on December 31, 2007. This information is provided in Oracle support note 148054.1. Oracle will end error correction support on July 1, 2005 and extended support on July 1, 2008 for Oracle version 9.0.2. This information is provided in Oracle support note 283326.1. To ensure that Blackboard is running on a database that is both supported and patched when errors are discovered, Blackboard is encouraging all customers to move to the Oracle 9i (version 9.2.0.0.0). This document covers how to move a Blackboard Oracle 8i database to Oracle 9i. The migration process will involve a period of database unavailability. The old database must be stopped and connections restricted while moving data to the new database. The length of the outage is dependant on the amount of data and performance of the disk subsystem. This document assumes that the old and the new database will exist on the current server hardware. The procedures for moving the database to new server hardware is very similar to what is described in this document. Migration Description This document is for Administrators who are migrating from Small Scale Oracle 8.x.x to Small Scale Oracle 9.x.x.x. There are several methods to migrate from Oracle 8i to Oracle 9i. The method selected for this document provides the most protection for the existing data. The method is to backup the database, export the data, install the new database and import the data into the new database. If there is problem or a desire to return to the Oracle 8i database, the previous database can be restored. Technical skills Performing a database migration requires specific technical skills. This document is written with the assumption that the Administrator performing the migration has the following skills:   

Experience managing Oracle databases Accessing databases and running SQL scripts Online and off line database backup and restore

Prerequisites Before starting the migration process there are certain prerequisites that have to be met before the upgrade can occur successfully. 



Ensure that the database server meets Oracle’s minimum hardware requirements and Blackboard’s minimum hardware requirements. Blackboard requirements can be found on the Behind the Blackboard Web site (http://www.blackboard.com/products/services/support.htm) Ensure that there enough disk space to hold three times the existing used space. The method described in this document produces a backup of the current installation, an export of the existing data and a complete install of Oracle 9i. If disk space is a concern then the existing database backup can be moved off the system.

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Shutdown Blackboard Services and backup All Blackboard services must be shutdown before the upgrade procedure can begin. This will close all Blackboard database connections and will prevent the Blackboard application from trying to re-establish the connections to the databases during the upgrade process. To shutdown Blackboard services, execute the following commands as root. #cd /usr/local/blackboard/tools/admin #./ServiceController.sh services.stop This command will backup all the files and subdirectories in the Backboard directory: # tar cvzf blackboard_backup.tar.gz /usr/local/blackboard/

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BACKUP THE EXISTING DATABASE Overview The first step in the migration process is to back up the current database. To backup an Oracle 8i database all the Oracle software, data files, log files, control files, password and initialization files must be backed up. Instructions Follow the steps below to backup the existing data: STEP 1 Log on to the database server as Oracle. To locate all the files associated with Oracle 8i, log on using SQL*Plus as sysdba and issue the following command: # su - oracle # sqlplus “/ as sysdba” SQL*Plus: Release X.X.X.X.X – Production on XXX XXX XX XX:XX:XX XXXX Copyright © 1982, XXXX, Oracle Corporation. All Rights reserved. Connected to: OracleXX Standard Edition Release X.X.X.X.X – XXbit Production SQL> spool oracle8i_files.lst select file_name from dba_data_files; select name from v$controlfile; select member from v$logfile; spool off

STEP 2 After getting a list of Oracle database files to backup, shutdown the database. SQL> shutdown immediate Database closed. Database dismounted ORACLE instance shut down. If Oracle hangs on a shutdown it may be necessary to issue a shutdown abort, restart the database and then shutdown the database. SQL> shutdown abort ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area XXXXXXXXX bytes Fixed Size XXXXXXXXX bytes Variable Size XXXXXXXXX bytes Database Buffers XXXXXXXXX bytes Redo Buffers XXXXXXXXX bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> shutdown Database closed. Database dismounted. Oracle instance shut down.

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SQL> It is important that the database server shuts down completely before migrating the databases.

STEP 3 Backup the databases after shutting down the Oracle server. The entire Oracle subdirectory should be tarred and saved. To save disk space, this tar file can be moved off line. Use gnu tar and the z option to create a compressed tar file which will save a significant amount of disk space. After backup, be sure to test the restore procedure before migrating the databases. This command will backup all the files and subdirectories in the directory specified by the $ORACLE_HOME environment variable to a file called oracle_backup.tar. # tar cvzf oracle_backup.tar.gz $ORACLE_HOME/

STEP 4 After backing up the Oracle software, review the oracle8i_files.lst file to ensure that the Oracle database files were included in the tar file. If the Oracle database files where not included then they should be tarred as well. Here is an example where the database files are located in the /u01/oradata and /u02/oradata directories. # tar cvzf oracle_database_files.tar.gz /u0*/oradata or # tar cvzf oracle_database_files.tar.gz /u01/oradata /u02/oradata Once the Oracle installation has been backed up and the restore process tested, the rest of the migration may continue.

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EXPORT ORACLE DATA Overview The next step in the migration process is to record tablespace information and export all user accounts except sys and system. When the export file is imported it will expect a tablespace with the same name as the tablespace that was exported. A list of tablespace names will be collected so that tablespace with the same name can be created in the new database. To ensure that data is not modified, the database will be started in a restricted mode. Only accounts that have been given restricted session privileges will be able to connect. The default Blackboard accounts have not been granted this privilege. Instructions Follow the steps below to backup the existing data: STEP 1 The database should be shutdown from the previous section, Backup the Existing Database. Restart the database in restricted mode before continuing. # sqlplus “/ as sysdba” SQL*Plus: Release x.x.x.x.x – Production on XX XXX XX XX:XX:XX XXXX Copyright © 1982, XXXX, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup restrict ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area XXXXXXXXX bytes Fixed Size XXXXXXXXX bytes Variable Size XXXXXXXXX bytes Database Buffers XXXXXXXXX bytes Redo Buffers XXXXXXXXX bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> The startup restrict command will prevent most users from logging into the database server.

STEP 2 To create a SQL script for re-creating the existing tablespaces in the new server, execute the following statements. For all of the following scripts that are created edit them to remove the first and last line that begin with “SQL> “. Furthermore, if you exit SQLPLUS and enter it again, execute the four set commands, for example set echo off, before executing the commands to create the scripts. Otherwise, the scripts will contain non-SQL statements that will cause errors when the scripts are run. SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL>

set echo off set feedback off set heading off set linesize 200 spool recreate_tablespaces.sql

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SQL> select 'create tablespace ' || tablespace_name || ' datafile extent management local segment space management auto; ' from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name not in ('SYSTEM', 'SYSAUX', 'TEMP'); SQL> spool off

STEP 3 Execute the following statements to create a SQL script for re-creating existing users. All existing users are re-created except; sys, system, dbsnmp, oe, qs_adm, qs_ws, qs_os, qs_cs, qs_cb, qs_cbadm, qs_es, qs, scott, hr, pm, outln, odm, odm_mtr, wmsys, sh, ordsys, ordplugins, mdsys, ctxsys, xdb, anonymous, olapsys, perfstat, aurora$jis$utility$, ose$http$admin, aurora$orb$anauthenticated, wksys, wkproxy, csmig, wk_test, exfsys, sysman, dmsys, mgmt_view, si_informtn_schema, mddata, or dip. SQL> spool recreate_users.sql SQL> select 'create user ' || username || ' identified by values ''' || password || ''' default tablespace ' || default_tablespace || ' temporary tablespace ' || temporary_tablespace || ' quota unlimited on ' || default_tablespace || ';' from dba_users where username not in ( 'SYS', 'SYSTEM', 'DBSNMP', 'OE', 'QS_ADM', 'QS_WS', 'QS_OS', 'QS_CS','QS_CB','QS_CBADM','QS_ES','QS','SCOTT','HR','PM','OUTLN','ODM','ODM_MT R','WMSYS','SH','ORDSYS','ORDPLUGINS','MDSYS','CTXSYS','XDB','ANONYMOUS','OLAPS YS','PERFSTAT','AURORA$JIS$UTILITY$','OSE$HTTP$ADMIN','AURORA$ORB$ANAUTHENTICAT ED', 'WKSYS', 'WKPROXY', 'CSMIG', 'WK_TEST', 'EXFSYS', 'SYSMAN', 'DMSYS', 'MGMT_VIEW', 'SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA', 'MDDATA', 'DIP'); SQL> spool off

STEP 4 To create a SQL script for re-granting the same roles to the existing users, execute the following statements: SQL> spool regrant_role_privs.sql SQL> select 'grant ' || granted_role || ' to ' || grantee || ';' from dba_role_privs where grantee in (select username from dba_users where username not in ( 'SYS', 'SYSTEM', 'DBSNMP', 'OE', 'QS_ADM', 'QS_WS', 'QS_OS', 'QS_CS','QS_CB','QS_CBADM','QS_ES','QS','SCOTT','HR','PM','OUTLN','ODM','ODM_MT R','WMSYS','SH','ORDSYS','ORDPLUGINS','MDSYS','CTXSYS','XDB','ANONYMOUS','OLAPS YS','PERFSTAT','AURORA$JIS$UTILITY$','OSE$HTTP$ADMIN','AURORA$ORB$ANAUTHENTICAT ED', 'WKSYS', 'WKPROXY', 'CSMIG', 'WK_TEST', 'EXFSYS', 'SYSMAN', 'DMSYS', 'MGMT_VIEW', 'SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA', 'MDDATA', 'DIP')); SQL> spool off

STEP 5 To create a SQL script for re-granting the system privileges to the existing users, execute the following statements. SQL> spool regrant_sys_privs.sql SQL> select 'grant ' || privilege || ' to ' || grantee || ';' from dba_sys_privs where grantee in (select username from dba_users where username not in ( 'SYS', 'SYSTEM', 'DBSNMP', 'OE', 'QS_ADM', 'QS_WS', 'QS_OS', 'QS_CS','QS_CB','QS_CBADM','QS_ES','QS','SCOTT','HR','PM','OUTLN','ODM','ODM_MT R','WMSYS','SH','ORDSYS','ORDPLUGINS','MDSYS','CTXSYS','XDB','ANONYMOUS','OLAPS YS','PERFSTAT','AURORA$JIS$UTILITY$','OSE$HTTP$ADMIN','AURORA$ORB$ANAUTHENTICAT ED', 'WKSYS', 'WKPROXY', 'CSMIG', 'WK_TEST', 'EXFSYS', 'SYSMAN', 'DMSYS', 'MGMT_VIEW', 'SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA', 'MDDATA', 'DIP')); SQL> spool off After saving the scripts for recreating the tablespaces and users and the scripts for re-granting the roles and privileges to the users, exit SQL*Plus.

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STEP 6 The next task is to set the ORACLE NLS_LANG environment variable. The following is an example of setting the environment in the SH or BASH shell: # NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P1; export NLS_LANG The NLS_LANG variable should also be set in the .profile (for the SH shell) and .bash_profile (for the BASH shell) files. NOTE: The following is a description of the SH and BASH shells: SH = bourne shell BASH = bourne again shell

STEP 7 Estimate the size of the database. List all of the files that comprise the database to determine which directories they are located in. # sqlplus “/ as sysdba” SQL*Plus: Release X.X.X.X.X – Production on XXX XXX XX XX:XX:XX XXXX Copyright © 1982, XXXX, Oracle Corporation. All Rights reserved. Connect to: OracleXX Standard Edition Release X.X.X.X.X – XXbit Production SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files; FILE_NAME ------------------------------------------------------------------------------/export/home/oracle/data/dbf/system01.dbf /export/home/oracle/data/dbf/undotbs01.dbf /export/home/oracle/bbdata/bbadmin_data_file1.dbf /export/home/oracle/bbdata/bbadmin_indx_file1.dbf /export/home/oracle/bbdata/bb_bb60_stats_data_file1.dbf /export/home/oracle/bbdata/bb_bb60_stats_indx_file1.dbf /export/home/oracle/bbdata/bb_bb60_data_file1.dbf /export/home/oracle/bbdata/bb_bb60_indx_file1.dbf /export/home/oracle/bbdata/CMS_DATA_file1.dbf /export/home/oracle/bbdata/CMS_INDX_file1.dbf /export/home/oracle/bbdata/CMS_FILES_USERS_DATA_file1.dbf FILE_NAME ------------------------------------------------------------------------------/export/home/oracle/bbdata/CMS_FILES_USERS_INDX_file1.dbf /export/home/oracle/bbdata/CMS_FILES_COURSES_DATA_file1.dbf /export/home/oracle/bbdata/CMS_FILES_COURSES_INDX_file1.dbf /export/home/oracle/bbdata/CMS_FILES_ORGS_DATA_file1.dbf /export/home/oracle/bbdata/CMS_FILES_ORGS_INDX_file1.dbf /export/home/oracle/bbdata/CMS_FILES_INST_DATA_file1.dbf /export/home/oracle/bbdata/CMS_FILES_INST_INDX_file1.dbf /export/home/oracle/bbdata/CMS_FILES_LIBRARY_DATA_file1.dbf /export/home/oracle/bbdata/CMS_FILES_LIBRARY_INDX_file1.dbf 20 rows selected. SQL>exit Disconnected from Oracle XX Standard Edition Release X.X.X.X.X.X – Xxbit Production #

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Navigate to the common directories indicated by the output of the previous command and determine the disk space being used in each directory. In this case, there are two directories of interest. # cd # du 454M # cd # du 1.1G #

/export/home/oracle/data/dbf -sh . . /export/home/oracle/bbdata -sh . .

Add the disk usage of both directories to determine how much space is required to back up the existing database. 454M + 1.1G = 1.554G STEP 8 After setting the NLS_LANG variable, export the data. To export the data use the Oracle exp command. Use the system account to connect to the database. This is the only account that will be able to connect to the database since it is running in restricted mode. If the database is less than or equal to 2 GB in size, use the command below to export the data: # exp system/password file=blackboard_data.dmp log=blackboard_data.log owner=(user1, user2, …) rows=y indexes=y buffer=1000000 grants=y compress = y consistent=n Substitute the names found in the recreate_users.sql file in the owner=(user1, user2, …) clause. The minimum set of users consists of bbadmin, bb_bb60, bb_bb60_stats, and bb_bb60_report. If the database is greater than 2 GB in size, divide the size of the database by two to determine the number of database export files that will be needed to store the data. For example, if the database is 6 GB, then three export files would be required. Use the command below to export the data, specifying the filenames that will be used for data storage: # exp system/password file=(blackboard_data1.dmp, blackboard_data2.dmp, ...) filesize=2G log=blackboard_data.log owner=(user1, user2, …) rows=y indexes=y buffer=1000000 grants=y compress = y consistent=n Perform the same substitution of names as in the example above for databases that are less than or equal to 2GB. If enough filenames to store all of the data are not specified, Oracle will prompt for additional file names. The filesize option for the Oracle exp command is available in Oracle versions 8.1.5 and greater. STEP 9 After export is complete, shutdown the Oracle database and database listener. To stop the database, use SQL*Plus and connect to the database as sysdba: # sqlplus “/ as sysdba” SQL*Plus: Release X.X.X.X.X – Production on XXX XXX XX XX:XX:XX XXXX Copyright © 1982, XXXX, Oracle Corporation. All Rights reserved. Connect to: OracleXX Standard Edition Release X.X.X.X.X – XXbit Production SQL> shutdown Database closed. Database dismounted ORACLE instance shut down. SQL>exit

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Disconnected from Oracle XX Standard Edition Release X.X.X.X.X.X – Xxbit Production # Stop the Oracle listener: # lsnrctl stop LSNRCTL for XXXXX: Version X.X.X.X.X – Production on XX-XXX-XXXX XX:XX:XX Copyright © 19XX, XXXX, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX))) The command completed successfully # STEP 10 After exporting the data and shutting down Oracle prepare to install Small-Scale Oracle 9i. The Oracle 8i install can be removed by deleting the Oracle directories.

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INSTALL SMALL-SCALE ORACLE 9I Overview Blackboard Learning System – Basic Edition includes a version of Oracle designed to support the Blackboard Learning System. This version of Oracle is smaller than a full license and can only be used to support Blackboard Learning System – Basic Edition. NOTE: These instructions are only intended for use with the Small-Scale Oracle provided by Blackboard. Use the instructions provided with the database management system for any other version of Oracle.

Set system parameters prior to installation (Solaris Only) This section explains how to set the semaphores and shared menu configuration for Solaris. NOTE: Red Hat Linux users should not change these parameters prior to installing Small-Scale Oracle!

Before installing Small-Scale Oracle, parameters in the /etc/system file must be set as shown below. set shmsys:shminfo_shmmax=294967295 set shmsys:shminfo_shmmin=1 set shmsys:shminfo_shmmni=100 set shmsys:shminfo_shmseg=10 * *max number of semaphore identifiers: set semsys:seminfo_semmni=50 * *max number of semaphores per identifier: *semmsl=largest number of processes of all instances < 512 set semsys:seminfo_semmsl=200 * *max number of semaphores: semmns=semmni*semmsl *semmns>=sum of all processes of all instances set semsys:seminfo_semmns=10000 set semsys:seminfo_semopm=100 set semsys:seminfo_semvmx=32767 Changes to the /etc/system file do not become active until after a system reboot. Check the currently active Solaris kernel parameters with the command sysdef. Set system parameters prior to installation (Linux Only) The commands in this section apply to Red Hat Linux 7.2, Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0. Before installing Small-Scale /etc/sysctl.conf file:

Oracle,

check

that

the

following

parameters

are

set

in

the

kernel.shmmax=294967295

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# kernel.sem=SEMMSL SEMMNS SEMOPM SEMMNI kernel.sem=200 10000 100 50 The active shared memory and semaphore configuration can be verified by executing the following commands: echo /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax echo /proc/sys/kernel/sem To make the shared memory and semaphore configuration active without rebooting the system, execute the following commands: echo 294967295 > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax echo 200 10000 100 50 > /proc/sys/kernel/sem Installation Follow the steps below to install the Small-Scale Oracle database software provided with the Blackboard Learning System – Basic Edition. NOTE: These instructions assume that the path to the directory for Small-Scale Oracle is /usr/local/oracle. Do not install Small-Scale Oracle to /usr/local/blackboard! 1 2 3 4

5

Select Settings under Learning System on the Administrator Panel. Select Set Default Course Menu Display Options on the Settings page. Select a default view for the Course Menu. Verify that the server meets the hardware/software requirements for the Blackboard Learning System – Basic Edition. Be sure that the correct version of GNUTar is installed. Download the Small-Scale Oracle package or locate it on the Blackboard Learning System CD. The name of the package depends on the operating system. Linux: small_scale_oracle_linux.bin Solaris: small_scale_oracle_solaris.bin

6 7

Login as Root. Create the /usr/local/oracle directory. mkdir /usr/local/oracle

8

Create the ORACLE_BASE and ORACLE_HOME environment variables. export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/oracle/9i

9

Create the dba and oinstall groups, if they do not already exist.

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egrep “dba|oinstall” /etc/group groupadd dba groupadd oinstall 10 Create an oracle user, if one does not already exist. Linux: grep oracle /etc/passwd useradd –g oinstall -G dba –c “Oracle Software Owner” –d /home/oracle –m oracle Solaris: grep oracle /etc/passwd useradd –g oinstall -G dba –c “Oracle Software Owner” –d /export/home/oracle –m oracle 11 Grant the oracle user permission to access the $ORACLE_BASE directory. chown –R oracle:oinstall $ORACLE_BASE 12 Move the installation package to the $ORACLE_BASE directory. (The example below uses the appropriate package for Solaris. Modify the command for Linux accordingly.) mv /usr/local/oracle/small_scale_oracle_solaris.bin $ORACLE_BASE 13 Change directories to the $ORACLE_BASE directory. cd $ORACLE_BASE 14 Make the installation file executable. chmod +x small_scale_oracle_solaris.bin 15 Run the installer. ./small_scale_oracle_solaris.bin

NOTE: When installing Small-Scale Oracle, do not use @ in any Oracle database user passwords. To be sure that Oracle database user passwords do not violate Oracle rules for passwords, use only letters, numbers, and the underscore. It is permissible to use @ in passwords for Blackboard Learning System user accounts.

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IMPORT BLACKBOARD DATA

Overview After the Small-Scale Oracle 9i database software is installed, import the Blackboard data into the database. The Oracle import utility will attempt to import data into the same table space from which it was exported. Before the data can be imported, the tablespaces have to be created. Previously a spool file with a create table statement for each of the tablespaces that existed in the Oracle 8 database was created. This file was saved as recreate_tablespaces.sql. Before the database import can begin, the Blackboard database files path must be added to the init${ORACLE_SID}.ora file. This assumes that the Blackboard database files are located at /usr/local/oracle/bbdata. This section assumes that the ORACLE_SID value is BB60. Restart the database before importing the Blackboard data. # su – oracle # cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs # cat >> init${ORACLE_SID}.ora <<EOF db_create_file_dest=/usr/local/oracle/bbdata EOF # sqlplus “/ as sysdba” SQL> shutdown immediate SQL> startup SQL> exit Instructions Follow the steps below to import the Blackboard data: STEP 1 Create tablespaces. The database must be running. # sqlplus “/ as sysdba” SQL*Plus: Release XX.X.X.X.X – Production on XX XXX XX XX:XX:XX XXXX Copyright © 1982, 2004, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. SQL> @recreate_tablespaces.sql

STEP 2 After the tablespaces are created, all previous Blackboard Oracle users can be recreated by using the script created in the previous step (Step 1). SQL> @recreate_users.sql

STEP 3 Grant previous users them the same privileges that they had in the old version of the server, for example, the privileges they had in Oracle 8i. SQL> @regrant_role_privs.sql SQL> @regrant_sys_privs.sql

STEP 4

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Use the Oracle import utility to import the previously created dump file blackboard_data.dmp into the database. # imp system/password file = blackboard_data.dmp full=y After the data is imported into the database, the migration of Oracle is complete. A cold backup should be taken of the new database installation. Once the import is complete the process is finished. Start and test the Blackboard Learning System to ensure that it is working correctly.

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