Online Journalism 2008 By Umesh

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sfn{;g, 8]le8, cgnfOg 6fOdnfOg http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/carlson/1990s.shtml

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http://www.nepalhomepage.com/information/information.html website accessed on 1 December 2007

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Lisa Gitelman and Geoffrey B. Pingree (Eds), New Media 1740-1915, MIT Press, 2003.

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McQuail, Denis. 2005. McQuail's Mass Communication Theory, New Delhi, Sage Publication

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McQuail, Denis. 2005. McQuail's Mass Communication Theory, New Delhi, Sage Publication

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_journalism website accessed on 29 November 2008.

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Joyce, Mary. 2007. The Citizen Journalism Web Site 'OhmyNews' and the 2002 South Korean Presidential Election. http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/publications/2007/The_Citizen_Journalism_Web_Site_Oh_My_News_an d_the_South_Korean_Presidential_Election website accessed on: December 1, 2008

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Tanjev Schultz, Interactive Options in Online Journalism: A Content Analysis of 100 U.S. Newspapers http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol5/issue1/schultz.html website accessed on: 30 November 2008

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Gilmour, Dan. 2004. We, The Media.

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;d:of cgnfOg kqsfl/tfdf ljBdfg ;d:ofnfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf o;/L x]g{ ;lsG5M • ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zdf ;fIf/ / sDKo'6/ ;fIf/tfsf] sdL • ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx?df OG6/g]6sf] kx'Frdf sld / sd ultsf] OG6/g]6 • lg/+s'z / lgolGqt k|hftGq ePsf b]zdf lgoGq0fsf] k|of; • u}/ Jofj;flos kqsf/x? ;dfrf/ ;|f]tdfq geO{ ;dfrf/ n]vgdf cu|;/ x'g] x'Fbf ltgLx?n] kqsfl/tfsf] d"No dfGotfnfO{ r'gf}lt lbg] vt/f • u}/ Jofj;flos kqsf/x?sf] ;"rgfnfO{ k'li6 ug{ ufx|f] x'g], k"jf{u|x x'g;Sg] • hf];'s}n] ;dfrf/ /fVg ;Sg] x'Fbf ljZj;gLotfsf] k|Zg p7\g ;S5 lgisz{ k/Dk/fut ldl8ofsf ;a} ljz]iftf ;d]l6Psf] gofF ldl8ofsf ?kdf cgnfOg kqsfl/tf pbfPsf] 5 . k/Dk/fut ldl8ofsf sdL sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ x6fpFb} cfd ;~rf/nfO{ cem} k|efjsf/L agfpg] sfd cgnfOg kqsfl/tfn] u5{ . cgnfOg kqsfl/tfdf b]vf k/]sf gofF 6«]G8x? h:t} ;xeflutfd"ns kqsfl/tf, qmfp8;f]l;{ª, gful/s kqsfl/tf xfn k|f/lDes cEof; s} qmddf /x]sf] x'Fbf o;sf k|efj / pkfb]otfaf/] lj:t[t cWoogx? x'g afFsL g} 5g\ . k/Dk/fut kqsfl/tfsf kIfw/x?n] o;nfO{ k|ltåGåLsf ?kdf glnO{ ;xof]uLsf ?kdf lng'k5{ . u}/ Jofj;flos kqsf/x?n] kqsfl/tfsf] d"No dfGotfnfO{ Wj:t kfg{ nfu] eg]/ lrGtf ug'{eGbf klg Jofj;flos / u}/ Jofj;flos kqsf/x?n] xftdf xft ldnfP/ ;~rf/nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg ;S5g\ . u}/ Jofj;flos kqsf/x?sf] k|fylds ;"rgfnfO{ ljleGg ;|f]tx?af6 k'li6 ub}{ k"0f{ ;dfrf/sf] ?k lbg Jofj;flos kqsf/ cu|;/ x'g'k5{ . ljsl;t b]zx?df eO/x]sf o:tf cEof;x?nfO{ ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx?df ;|f]t ;fwgsf] sdL nufotsf ljleGg sf/0fn] h:tfsf] t:t} nfu" ug{ g;lsPnf, tyflk o;sf c;n kIfx?sf] ;d'lrt k|of]un] ljsf;df ;d]t ;sf/fTds k|efj kfg{ ;S5 .

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clk|msfdf ;g\ @))) b]lv @))* sf] aLrdf k|of]ustf{x?sf] ;+Vof !)#!=@ k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 eg] Pl;ofdf j[l4b/ $)^=! k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . ljZjJofkL ?kdf klg OG6/g]6 k|of]ustf{sf] ;+Vof #)%=% k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 . x]g'{;\

http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm

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;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L k':ts ldl8of cWoog efu–! -dfl6{g rf}tf/L ;g\ @))^_ ;+= b]j/fh x'dfufO{, k|To"if jGt, z]v/ k/fh'nL, sf]dn e§ / s[i0f clwsf/L .

ldl8of cWoog efu–@ -dfl6{g rf}tf/L ;g\ @))&_ ;+= b]j/fh x'dfufO{, k|To"if jGt, z]v/ k/fh'nL, sf]dn e§ / s[i0f clwsf/L .

ldl8of cg';GwfgM k|fl1s k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf s]xL cEof; -dfl6{g rf}tf/L ;g\ @))&_ ;+= b]j/fh x'dfufO{, sf]dn e§ / s[i0f clwsf/L .

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg–@)^#, -sfg"g lstfa Joj:yfkg sld6L ;g\ @))&_, sf7df8f}+ . Dujjel, Mark. History of Online Journalism. 2003 Gilmour, Dan. We, The Media. 2004 Jones, Steves, Encyclopedia of New Media, 2003 Lisa Gitelman and Geoffrey B. Pingree (Eds), New Media 1740-1915, MIT Press, 2003. McQual, Denis. McQuail's Mass Communication Theory. 5th ed. New Delhi. Sage, 2001.

k|ltj]bg÷sfo{kq clwsf/L, /fw]Zofd, ;+of]hs . @)^# . pRr:t/Lo ldl8of ;'emfj cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg, g]kfn ;/sf/, ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno . 9'+ufgf, s[i0fk|;fb / pd]z >]i7 . g]kfndf cgnfOgsf] cj:yf, kqsfl/tf tyf cfd;~rf/ s]Gb|Lo ljefu, lqljdf k|:t't sfo{kq, !$ clk|n, @))& . Manandhar, Sanjaya. 2003. Inter Networking in Nepal. Unpublished report.

cgnfOg n]v÷;dfrf/ >]i7, pd]z . j}slNks kqsfl/tfMAnu . lxdfn va/klqsf http://www.nepalihimal.com/2062/magh-1-15/suchana_prabidhi.html Carlson, David Online Timeline http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/carlson/1990s.shtml http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_journalism http://www.stateofthenewsmedia.org/2007/narrative_online_intro.asp?cat=1&media=4 Joyce, Mary. 2007. The Citizen Journalism Web Site 'OhmyNews' and the 2002 South Korean Presidential Election. http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/publications/2007/The_Citizen_Journalism_Web_Site_Oh_My_ News_and_the_South_Korean_Presidential_Election website accessed on: December 1, 2008 Tanjev Schultz, Interactive Options in Online Journalism: A Content Analysis of 100 U.S. Newspapers http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol5/issue1/schultz.html http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm

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