Occupational Health

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH “Prevention is better than cure” Presented by-

CHANDAN SARKAR HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT (005) 07161030

WHAT IS OH ? “Occupational health should be aim at the promotion & maintenance of the highest degree of physical mental & social well being of workers in all occupations.” -The joint ILO/WHO committee on occupational health, in the course of its first session held in 1950, gave the definition.

ERGONOMICS It is now a well recognized discipline & an integral part of any advanced occupational health service. It simply means ” fitting the job to the worker.” Ergonomics comes from the Greek words ‘ERGON’ means work & ‘NOMOS’ means law. The objective of ergonomics is ‘To achieve the best mutual adjustment of man and his work.’ For the improvement of human efficiency.

Occupational Environment By occupational environment it meant the sum of external conditions & influences which prevail at the place of work & which have a learning on the health of the working population. There are three types of interaction in a working environment-

1.Man & physical, chemical,& biological agents. 2.man & machine. 3.man & man.

Occupational Hazards All industrials worker may be exposed to five types of hazards, depending upon his occupations1.Physical hazards. 2.Chemical hazards. 3.Biolozical hazards. 4.Mechanical hazards. 5.Psychosocial hazards.

MAIN TWO HAZARDS PHYSICAL HAZARDS---1.Heat & cold. 2.Light. 3.Noise. 4.Vibration. 5.Ultraviolet radiation. etc.

CHEMICAL HAZARDS---1.Inhalation. 2.Dust with chemicals. 3.Gases. 4.Metals & their compounds. etc.

DISEASES DUE TO PHYSICAL AGENTS HEAT-heat hyperpyrexia, heat cramps, burns. LIGHT-Occupational cataract, NOISE-Occupational deafness. RADIATION-Cancer, Leukaemia, Anaemia. MECHANICAL-Injuries, Accidients. ELECTRICITY-BURNS.

DISEASES DUE TO CHEMICAL AGENTS DUSTS1.COAL DUST-Anthracosis. 2.IRON-Siderosis 3.ASBESTOS-Asbestosis,Lung cancer. 4.SILICA-Silicosis. METALS & THEIR COMPOUNDS1.Toxic hazard from lead,mercury,cadmium etc. CHEMICALSAcids,pesticides,Alkalies etc.

OCCUPATIONAL CANCER 1.SKIN CANCER- It is found that 75% of occupation cancer are skin cancer .Its caused by X-RAYS,CERTAIN OILS,PITCH ETC. 2.LUNG CANCER-Lung cancer is a hazard in gas industries,Arsenic roasting plants etc. 3.CANCER BLADDER- It was noted in ANILINE INDUSTRY,RUBBER INDUSTRY.It was cased by AROMATIC AMINES.

CONTROL THE INDUSTRIAL CANCER Well designed building for machineries. Closed system of production. Medical examination. Inspection of factories. Education of workers and management also. Research.

ACCIDENTS IN INDUSTRY a. Human factors : 2.Physicals factors. 3.Physiological factors. 4.Psychological factors. b. Environmental factors : 6.Temperature. 7.Humidity. 8.Noise and unsafe machines.

PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS 1. Adequate preplacement examination. 2. Adequate job training. 3. Continuing education. 4. Ensuring safe working environment under safety engineers. 5. Periodic surveys for finding out hazards. 6. Careful reporting and maintenance of records.

PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES a. Medical measures : 2. Preplacement examination. 3. Periodical examination. 4. Medical and health care services. 5. Notification. 6. Inspection of working environment. 7. Maintenance & analysis of records. 8. Health education & counselling.

b. Engineering measures : 1.Design of buildings. 2.Good house keeping. 3.General ventilation. 4.Replacement of harmful materials. 5.Dust control. 6.Local exhaust ventilation. 7.Environmental monitoring. 8.Reserch.

c. Legislation : 1.The factories act 1948. 2.The employees state insurance act 1948.

Thank You