Nyi-nyar-mha-pyi-thar-myi

  • May 2020
  • PDF

This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA


Overview

Download & View Nyi-nyar-mha-pyi-thar-myi as PDF for free.

More details

  • Words: 729
  • Pages: 5
nDnmrS-ynfomrnf 1989ckESpf? ppfat;umvjyD;aemuf urÇmtiftm;nSd csdefcGifvQm r½Sdawmhyg/ 'D"gwfjym;a[mif;MuD;ukd rzGifhcsifawmhyg/ okdYaomftusdK;qufw&m;uawmh opfvGif aeqJrkdYyg/ rD*gyg0g EkdifiHMuD;uxifwkdif;MuJaeonf/ urÇmü Power EkdifiHwum qufqHa&; wpfckjzpfxGef;vmonf[k qkd&ygrnf/ rSefonf rSm;onf tajccHrIudk rpOf;pm;awmhyg/ urÇmMuD;tm; bufaygif;pHkrS xdef;xm;aom UN tzJGYtpnf;\ y#dnmOf qkdonfvnf; a&pkefarQmcJhjyD/ rD*gyg0gEkdifiHMuD;u tjzLukd trJqkdu tm;vHk;vufnSKd;axmifay;ae&? acgif;ndwfae&jzpfygonf/ trJukdtjzLqkdyguvnf; axmufcHay;ae&? atmfay; ae&ygonf/ xkdYaMumifh Power EkdifiHwumqufqHa&;ü rSefonfrSm;onfu t"du rusawmhyg/ rD*gyg0gEkdifiHMuD;u axmufcHjcif;? raxmufcHjcif;uom t"du usygawmhonf/xkdYaMumifh uRefawmfu Power EkdifiHwumqufqHa&;[k qkdjcif;yif jzpfygonf/ UN tygt0if tm;vHk;0kdif;wm;aeMum;rS WMD taMumif;jycsufjzifh rufqkdykdaw;eD;,m; ,Ofaus;rSKxGef;um;&m EkdifiHtm; usL;ausmfodrf;ykdufvkdufonf/ Lawrance of Arabia Zwfum;ü tm&yf rsKd;EG,fpkacgif;aqmifu Lawrance tm; rif;[m oJuEåm&cspfwJh ½Sm;½Sm;yg;yg; EkdifiHjcm;om;wpfOD;yJ[k ajymcJhonf/ trSefawmh WMD udkzsufqD;jyD; a'oESifhurÇmMuD;udku,fwif&eftwGuf r[kwfyg/ 'Drdkua&pDudk Aef;jyjyD; t"du uawmh a&eHcspfvdkYyg/ oJuEÇmcspfwJh Lawrance udk½kyf½SifxJrSmyJ&Sdawmhonf/ aexGufOD; EkdifiHuvnf; rD*gyg0gEkdifiHukd aus;Zl;wif cJhzl;ygonf/ 1945rS 1951xd odrf;ykdufjyD; 'Drkdua&pD EdkifiHvkyfay;vkdY? tEkjrLxD;&dyf aqmif;ay;vkdU? q,fpkESpftwGif; pD;yGm;a&; r[mtiftm;MuD; EdkifiHjzpfatmif wGef;tm;ay;cJhvdkY/ okdYaomf rufqkdykdaw; eD;,m;odrf;ykdufjyD;? 'Drkdua&pD EkdifiHjzpfatmif vkyf&mü olwkdYEkdifiHukd ykHwlul;cswm? &nfnTef;wmawmh olwkdY cg;cg;oD;oD;jiif;onf/ bmqkdif vkdYvJ/ wkdYuwkdYyJ olwkdYu olwkdyY J/ tajctaerS rwlyJ/ qGefeD?½SD;tkduf? um'fawG tuJGuJG tjym;jym; ½Sdaewm b,fvG,frSmvJwJh/ igwkdYukd rqDrqkdif ukd;um; aewmvJwJh/ ,ck uRefawmfwkdY EkdifiHtm; a'oESifhurÇmMuD;&JY wnfjidrfa&;ESifh vHkjcHKa&; jcdrf;ajcmufwJhtwGuf vHkjcHKa&;aumifpD tjrJwef; 5 EkdifiHESifh 10 EkdifiH pkpkaygif;tMum; axmufcH 10 rJ?uefYuGuf4rJ? Mum;ae 1 rJESifh ukvor*¾vHkjcHKa&;aumifpD tm*sif'gxJ rxnfh&ef uRefawmfwkdY ½SKH;edrfhoGm;onf/ uRefawmfwkdY raxmufcHonfY EkdifiHxJrSm

More articles at http://www.geocities.com/toetetwai/

2

uRefawmfwkdYEkdifiHonf a'oESifh urÇmMuD;wnfjidrfa&;ESifh vHkjcHKa&;tm; rjcdrf;ajcmuf aMumif;odaomfvnf;? em;vnf oabmaygufaomfvnf; rD*gyg0gEkdifiHu tqkdjyKwm Power EkdifiHwum qkdawmh vufnSKd;axmif acgif;ndwfvkduf&onf/ qufqHa&;yJav/ oGm;jyDvJ/

onfawmh

EkdifiHwumqufqHa&;rSm

trSefw&m;u

b,fa&muf

,cktm*sif'gxJwGif xnfY½Hkru Resolution csrSwf&ef MudK;yrf; vmonf/ urÇmMuD;tay: xm;vkdufygtHk;? oef; 1200 ausmf tPkjrLEkdifiHMuD; 2 ckMum;rSm oef; 50ausmfav;eJY qif;'0pfaygifrkefY tom;nSyfaeovdk aeae&wm/ b,fvkdvkyf 'DEkdifiHMuD;awGukd ausmfvTm;jyD; a'owGif;ukdyif jcdrf;ajcmufEkdifrSmvJ? prf;jyD; acgif;axmifMunfYvkdufygvm;/ 'DEkdifiHMuD; 2EkdifiH xkvkdufvkdY Zwfykcsdefawmif &vkdufrSm r[kwfbl;/ vlYtcGifhta&;wJh? wkd;wuf zGHYjzdK;jyD;EkdifiHESifh zGHYjzdK;qJEkdifiHwkdY vlYtcGifhta&; pHESKef;rwlEkdifyg/ taemufEkdifiHpHESKef;ESifh tm½SEkdifiH pHESKef; rwlEkdifyg/ a'o wpfckcsif;xJ½Sd EkdifiHtcsif;csif;üvnf; pHESKef;cskif;rwlEkdifyg/ rdrdEkdifiH orkdif; aMumif;? ,Ofaus;rSK? vlaerSKtqifhtwef;? "avhxHk;pH uJGjym;jcm;em;aernfom/ rD*gyg0gEkdifiHu olvkdcsifwJh pHESKef;ESifh uRefawmfwkdYukdwkdif;onf/ olYtvkdkus vkdufavsmacgif;ndwfwJh EkdifiHrsm;ukdawmh tJ'DEdkifiHjzpfapcsifwJh pHESKef;rsdK;ESifh wkdif;ygonf/ Double standrad ESifhqufqHwmav/ wpfcgu aqmif;yg;wpfapmifü zwf&onf/ vufwiftar&duEkdifiHMuD; ½Sdonf[k Mum;aom ,mcif;MuD;tm; wpfEkdifiH&JU jzpfpOfyg/ Slave Labour ppfaq;&ef oGm;aomtvkyform; t&m½Sd pD;vmaomum;tm; aoewform;rsm;u csHKckd wkdufckduf&m um;ay:ygvmwJh vl(6)OD;aooGm;Muonf/ jrdKYawmfeJhuDvkd (100)ausmf tuGmrSmyg/ pkdufcif;opfrsm; csJYxGif aerIaMumifh ?opfawmawGjyKef;wD; aeonf[k tpOftjrJ uefYuGufaeaom rD*gEdkifiHol oDv½SiftkdMuD;tm; aeYcif; aMumifawmifü aoewform;rsm;u ypfowfoGm;onf/ ukvor*¾ vlYtcGifhta&; txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f u vufcH awGYqHkcJhaom tifwmAsL;cHolukd wpfvtwGif; aoewform;u ½Sif;ypfonf/ bmawGatmfEkdifygovJ/ xHk;pHtwdkif; &mZ0wfaMumif; t& pHkprf;um ta&;,l wmawmh &Sdwmaygh/ vlYtcGifhta&; csKd;azmufvdkYqkdjyD; a'oeJY urÇmMuD;&JYwnfjidrfrIudk jcdrf;ajcmuf w,fqdkwJh Brand b,frSmwyf&JvdkYvJ/ uRefawmf zwfzl;orQ tenf;tusOf;av;udk a&;jyaewmyg/ uRefawmfrzwfzl;vdkY rodwJhjzpfpOfawG trsm;MuD;&Sdcsifvnf;&SdrSmaygh/ olYEkdifiHom;ukd rD*gyg0gEkdifiHt0if avqdyfü "gwfyHk½kdufppfaq;onf/ oluvnf; olavqdyfü xkdEkdifiHom;rsm; twGuf oD;oefYvdkif;wm;jyD; "gwfyHk½kduf jyefppfaq;onf/ tjcm; EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm; ukdrl "gwfyHk½kdufrppfaq;yg/ yg;ukdufawmh em;ukdufwJhoabm yg/ rD*gyg0gEkdifiHom; av,mOfrSL;u vufcv,faxmifjyD; pm½Gufukd "gwfyHknSyf t½kdufcHwJhtcg

More articles at http://www.geocities.com/toetetwai/

3

qJwJhoauFwazmfxm;onf[kqkdum jrdKYxJay;r0ifbJ avqdyfücsKyfum 'PfaiG½kdufjyD;? olYEkdifiHjyefvTwfcJhonf/ tiftm;MuD;oludk tiftm;½Sdolu vufwHkYjyefEdkif w,fav/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfajymaewJh Power International Reletion qdkwm ukdyg? wpfygwD tmPm½Sifpepf EkdifiHawGtrsm;MuD;yg/ oufOD;pHykdifr[kwfaomfvnf; tkyfcsKyfa&; tmPmukd tjynfYt0 om;pOfajr;quf &,lxm;wJh bk&ifEkdifiHawG trsm;MuD;yg/ 'gayr,fh olwkdYu urÇmhpD;yGm;a&;ukdifvSKyfEkdifwJh r[mAsL[m o,HZmw? a&eHtrsm;MuD;½Sdw,fav/ cJeJYaygufowfjyD; w&m;pD&ifaewm bmajymEkdifrSmvJ/ tm;upm;r,fawG wpfudk,fvHk;vHkatmif acgif;pD;jyD; tajy;jyKdifaeMuwmbJav/ olYxHk; wrf;pOfvmudk vlUtcGifhta&;taMumif;jyjyD;a0zefbdkYaeaeomom avoHawmif r[&J zl;av/ uJajymMupkdY? uRefawmfwkdYudkpGyfpGJwJh HIV AIDS wJh/ UN AIDS &JU 2006 ckESpftpD&ifcHpmudk MunfYyg/ jrefrmrSm 360000 vlMuD;?cav; om½SdjyD;? 1.3% ½SdwJhtcsdefrSm tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHü 1.4% ½Sdygw,f/ &mcdkifEIef;csif;ruGmayrJh vlOD;a& csif;,SOf&if uRefawmfwkdYu 49.4oef;½SdjyD;? tdrfeD;em;csif;u 62.98 oef; ½Sdw,fav/ (2004 World Almanac t&ajymwmyg/) a&m*goufa&mufwJh vlOD;a&ukd uJtmz&du u HIV/AIDS MunfYMupkdY? DR eJYpwJhEkdifiH cefYrSef; 1oef;av olYEkdifiH vlOD;a&u 3.724oef;qkdawmh 26.8 &mckdifESKef;ayg. K eJYpwJhEkdifiH cefYrSef; 1.3oef;av olYEkdifiH vlOD;a&u 31.987oef;qkdawmh 4.06 &mckdifESKef;ayg. M eJYpwJhEkdifiH cefYrSef; 1.8oef;av olYEkdifiH vlOD;a&u 18.863oef;qkdawmh 9.54 &mckdifESKef;ayg. N eJYpwJhEkdifiH cefYrSef; 2.9oef;av olYEkdifiH vlOD;a&u 124oef;qkdawmh 2.33 &mckdifESKef;ayg. S eJYpwJhEkdifiH cefYrSef; 5.5oef;av olYEkdifiH vlOD;a&u 45 oef;qkdawmh 12.2 &mckdifESKef;ayg. Y eJYpwJhEkdifiH cefYrSef; 11 oef;av olYEkdifiH vlOD;a&u 25.8oef;qkdawmh 3.87 &mckdifESKef;ayg. T eJYpwJhEkdifiH cefYrSef; 1.4oef;av olYEkdifiH vlOD;a&u 9 oef;qkdawmh 3.71 &mckdifESKef;ayg. Z eJYpwJhEkdifiH cefYrSef; 1.1oef;av olYEkdifiH vlOD;a&u 10.8 oef;qkdawmh 10.18 &mckdifESKef;ayg. tjcm; Z eJYpwJhEkdifiH cefYrSef; 1.7oef;av olYEkdifiH vlOD;a&u 12.89 oef;qkdawmh 13.18 &mckdifESKef;ayg.

More articles at http://www.geocities.com/toetetwai/

4

vkdtyfovkd a&m*goufa&mufcHpm;aewJh vlOD;a&oef;*Pef; txuf ½SdwJhEkdifiHawGukd xkwfESKwfykHpHjyK wifjy&wmyg/ wpfurÇmvHk; jzpfaewJhuyfa&m*gMuD;rSm uRefawmfwkdYukdbJ MunfYjyD; vufnSKd;xkd;ae vGef;vkdY rcHr&yfEkdifvGef;vkdY ajymwmyg/ wpfurÇmvHk;u tm;ay;ulnDay;&rJhtpm; bmaMumifhjyóem ½Smae&wmvJ/ wJh vif;xifwkdYacwfuwnf;u wpfzufEkdifiHukd uJ Refugee ul;cJhwm? qifESpfaumif ukefwkdufqkdwm tJ'Dacwfuwnf; Mum;zl;wm? vif;xifawmif wpfzufEkdifiHjrdKUudk 0ifodrf;? bPfwkdufazmuf a½Tacsmif;,lcJhwm/ wpfvrf;oGm; pepfrSm arSmifckd txkyfxrf;r,f/ ½Srf;jynf (tdrfeD;csif; EkdifiHukd atmufzuf a'otac:) oGm;r,fqkdwmrqef;yg/ wcsdKYvnf; tJ'Dacwfuwnf;u [kdrSmyiftajccs tkyfpkaxmif aeaeMuwm b,favmufMumjyDvJ? ckrS bmaMumifh pD;yGm;a&;tcGifh tvrf;½SmoGm;wmukd Refugee orkwfaeMuwmvJ/ vuf½Sd odrf;ykdufcH rufqkdykdaw;eD;,m;EkdifiHü jynfol 6 odef;aocJh&jyD/ rD*gyg0gwyfom; 3000 ausmf aoqHk;cJh&jyD; 4if;EdkifiHom; 8 a,mufrSm 1 a,muf jynfwGif; Refugee jzpfcJh&jyD/ xkdEkdifiHu vlOD;a& 25.175oef; qkdawmh jynfwGif; Refugee 3.125oef;½SdaejyD/ qkdvkdcsifwmu EkdifiHwkdif;rSm jyóemMuD;i,f ukd,fpDeJYyg/ uRefawmfwkdY EkdifiHukdrS acgif;pOf (3)rsdK;wyfjyD; a'oeJY urÇmMuD;&JhwnfjidrfrSK vHkjcHKa&;ukd Resolution cszkdYvkyfae&wmvJ/ 'gukd jcdrf;ajcmufw,f vkdYpGyfpJGjyD; jynfyESifhjynfwGif; tcsdKYu vufckyfwD; Mobm ay;aeMuwm jrif&awmh uRefawmf pdwfysuf 0rf;enf;rdonf/ uRefawmfwkdY *kPfodu©m uRefawmfwkdY bmaMumifh csae&wmvJ? pmem axmufcHaewJh tm½StdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHMuD;ESifh vDeifarG;&yfajrEkdifiHMuD;wkdYu tckdiftrm uRefawmfwkdYzufrS qefYusifaeygvsufeJY uReaf wmfwkdYEkdifiHom;awGtjzpfukd awGY&awmh ykdíaMuuJG rdygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYjyóem uRefawmfwkdY jynfwGif;rSmbJ ajz½Sif;Mu&if raumif;bl;vm;? ajz½Sif;MurSvJ ppfrSefwJhtajzvrf;aMumif;ay:a&mufrSmyg/ olrsm; MudK;qJG&m bmaMumifhu&rSmvJ/ uRefawmfwkdY EkdifiHcspfwJhpdwf?jynfolcspfwJhpdwf? trsdK;bmom? omoemapmifhxdef;wwfwJhpdwfawG 'Drdkua&pD Campaign a':vm awG&Jh atmufrSm ESpfjrSKyfoj*dKFvfvkdufrSmvm;/ jynfyxkwf a½Tpmapmifwpfckü pD;yGm;a&;orm;awG jrefrmjynfukd? 0ifMuygap? pD;yGm;a&;wkd;wufrSKrSm wpfajy;xJrjzpfEkdifayrJh ? jynfoljynfom;awG t½kd; t&if;awmh ukduf&zkdY½Sdygw,fqkdjyD;? jrefrmjynfpD;yGm;a&; rvkyfygeJYqkdwJh olawGudk a0zefxm;wm? uRefawmfzwfrdvkduf&yg\/ pD;yGm;a&; zGifhvkdYuawmh uRefawmfwkdY

More articles at http://www.geocities.com/toetetwai/

5

jrefrmvlrsdK;awG tpGrf;tpeJYqkd olajymwJh t½kd;t&if;r[kwfyg/ tqDukdpm; tom;ukd rsdKEkdifMurJh b0a&mufrSmyg/ twHk;MuD;wmeJY twHk;ao;wmyJ uGmygrSmAsm/ t½kd;ukdufatmif avmufawmhvnf; rnHUao;ygAsm/ uRefawmfwkdY jynfolawGtwGufqkd nDnGwfMu&atmifAsm? uRefawmfwkdY rnDnGwfí Power international Relation &Jh'Pfukd tvl;tvJ cHae&wJh jynfolawGukd pmemwwfzkdY aumif;ygjyD/

wdk;wufa0