Nsg 201- F& E Lecture Notes

NURSING 201

FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES & ACID-BASE BALANCE

FLUIDS      

Body temperature Transportation Metabolism Solvent Elimination Lubricant

BODY FLUID TRANSPORT      

DIFFUSION OSMOSIS FILTRATION OSMOTIC PRESSURE ACTIVE TRANSPORT HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

OSMOLARITY OF A SOLUTION 

ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS

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HYPOTONIC SOLUTIONS

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HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS

ELECTROLYTES 

Cations – Positively charged electrolytes    

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Sodium Potassium Calcium Magnesium

Anions- Negatively charged electrolytes   

Chloride Phosphorus Bicarbonate

MAINTAINING FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE 

KIDNEYS

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ADRENAL GLANDS (aldosterone)

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ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)

REGULATION OF BODY FLUIDS Thirst  Insensible fluid loss (continuous)  Sensible fluid loss 

ASSESSMENT/HISTORY Risk factors  Chronic illness  Environmental factors  Medication  Diet  Lifestyle 

FLUID VOLUME

DEFICIT  EXCESS 

FLUID VOLUME EXCESS

POTASSIUM IMBALANCES 

POTASSIUM (K) Normal VALUE - 3.5-5.1 mEq/L  HYPOKALEMIA - below 3.5 mEq/L  HYPERKALEMIA - greater than 5.1 mEq/L 

POTASSIUM IMBALANCES 

POTASSIUM (K) Normal VALUE - 3.5-5.1 mEq/L  HYPOKALEMIA - below 3.5 mEq/L  HYPERKALEMIA - greater than 5.1 mEq/L 

SODIUM IMBALANCES 

SODIUM ( NA )  NORMAL VALUE 135-145 mEq/L  HYPONATREMIA - less than 135 mEq/L  HYPERNATREMIA - is greater than 145 mEq/L

SODIUM IMBALANCES 

SODIUM ( NA )  NORMAL VALUE 135-145 mEq/L  HYPONATREMIA - less than 135 mEq/L  HYPERNATREMIA - is greater than 145 mEq/L

CALCIUM IMBALANCES 

CALCIUM - NORMALLY 4.5-5.5 mEq/L

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HYPOCALCEMIA - below 4.5 mEq/L

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HYPERCALCEMIA -exceeds 5.5 mEq/L

MAGNESIUM IMBALANCES 

MAGNESIUM-NORMALLY 1.5-2.3 mEq/L

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HYPOMAGNESEMIA-less than 1.5 mEq/L

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HYPERMAGNESEMIA above 2.3 mEq/L

PHOSPHORUS IMBALANCES 

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PHOSPHORUS NORMALLY 1.8-2.6 mEq/L HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA LESS THEN 1.8 mEq/L HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA ABOVE 2.6 mEq/L