Nov 2004

/II

INSiGHT EXPERIENCE VOL I No 3

+ INTROSPECTION +

a i\IAC.\ZI:\E

of the Ai\IBEDKAR

sn

EXPRESSION

D\ CIRCLE

NOV 2004

II I,

I

l

]j

INSIDE INSIGHT Editorial:

Reservations against reservations Page 3 Merit and the deadly power of the castiest acadel1lia Page 5 Shahuji Maharaj: Father of Rcscrvatloll I)olic~ Page 6 Greedy "'upper"' castes, grcedy morality Page 8 Non-Democratic TV cxpcricllcc Page Some non-meritorious rc I1l'CtiOl1s

It

Who's

Page Bill is it anyway: Page History as a

15 WOIIICIl',; rl'sl'l'\'alioll~; IX Blind girl

Pagc 20 Why the seer could not sce his ,UTL'sl Page 21 Datit lore and folklorc Page 23 for Dalitmil10rities Page 25 q"g :'lLcI k,i I I· !

Reservations

(l"i;! 27

"~r0:r1" ,'I "iWki" ,I,ll ~

29

~>WS7"[1 q\ij 31 3il~

qf) q,TiJ;It(\] q,i[ 32

For submission

of articles please contact

Anoop Kumar, ] 22, Periyar, Shamucl Tharu 205 Chamlrahhaga. Ashokan, English Journalism IIMe Pratap. 2:14, Narmada. Swcta, 04, Tapti, Shaweta

Anand,

NGO Managcmcnt,

.lamia

Millia

Islamia,

Or

email usatinsightl~rediffmail.com-+ '1~5'1~\"[email protected]·mo..l.L· C.O'N\ Articles should be legibly written and may be returned with suggestions for change, The magazine will be on sale with the hostel representatives of ASC.

Single issue: Rs 10 Annual patron subscription (12 issues) Rs 150 E:ditorial Collective:

Art: Pratap, HoJ\ish Rajneesh, Rajesh, Jomo, Anoop, Kshirod, Ashokan

FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION

ONLY

Reservation against reservations Reservation is one of the most important parts of a Dalits interaction with the state and rreedom today. (livcn this facl. it is important to see \'vhat cxactly l"eSl~n',llions mean to Dal iIs.

already privilegded upper-caste women in the name of preferential Insight however treatment. relilains COllllllittec!to the cause of wumcn' s reservations and dem~ll1ds i l he iI1creasecl from

politically socially and personally. This issue of Insight attcmpts to do this. The issue covers personal

33%) to 50 (>0. /l7.Iight also pays

l'xperiences and I I\iSlGHT current debates about reservations. especially the debate surrounding reservation in the private sector. We also hope to turn the concept of reservation on its head by showing thai it is not the SC/ST/O!)('s that arc getting reservations or demanding reservations. It is in fact. the "upper" -castes who enjoy a 51 % reservation in government jobs and almost 100% reservation in private jobs despite being just about 15% of the total population. We also try and understand where Dalit minorities stand vvith

rather

of

tribute resL~n'alion in

thl: India.

10

. ~--IWe ~hahuji EDITORIAL Iry

to\/laharaj. briet1y capture his exemplary life and the impact he had on a corrupt Brahminical order. We seem to using the vlord reservation as if ils meaning is understood by all those who use it. During the making of this issue of Insight we have found that the idea of reservation means very different things to different people. especiall) people of different castes. It is important therefore for us to reHect on the meaning of reservation. There is no doubt that most

regards to the reservation policy reaching the conclusion that the denial of reservations to Dalits

among the Dalit communitY agree that reservation has improved access to education and increased

belonging to religious minorities is an abuse of their fundamental

living standards to a significant extent. The existence of a

rights. Women~s reservation is also engaged \yith, given the recent controversy" ~over quotas authors wi th in quotas. Insight's caution us against being coerced into giving added benefits to the

magazine like Insight itself is testimony to this. Reservation has also made a pro found structural change in the caste-ridden society. Those who were forcefully denied education

3

and access to JObS tl1at were not defined by caste. are now breakina b out of these bounds. This makes it amply clear that reservation is not a new

Imponant to recogl1lse llWl despite this. reservation and the social culturc that has been developed around it provides crucial forms of empowermcnt.

. phenomenon. In fa:1. \\hat wc arc witness to in n1lidern [!ldi~l is not

which ,lrc \isihlc in the rorm or SC ST
simply reservation. but institutions, reservation against resenation, It Resenation has hrought ,1boLlt is an attempt to counter the ,mother phL'nol1lenon th~ll till' mon(1)olv o\'er all ~lsIK'cts or ml1\'Cll1L'lltis LlI1L'L'rt
reservation.

It

is

t, manipulated

to support this claim.

This idea of the state as private property was brought out most starkly in the recent arrest of the head of the Kanchi Mutt Jayendra Saraswati. The shock that "my state" arrested "my pope" generated huge indignation among the "upper"caste. In light of the fact that most people of the country were actually glad he was arrested as it brought back some faith in the

law, Insight looks intp the media coverage of theatrest and the days that followed. The law is taking its course in another sphere of our lives. We congratulate the J~U Equal Opportunity Office (EOO) for taking prompt action on the complaint of caste atrocity by a young :\1A student of our Ul1liversity. Jai Bhim

\1ERIT A:\'D THE DEADLY POWER OF THE CASTIEST ACADEMIA Indian universities' hostile and aggressive nature has come to light again. The tragic case of Jasbir Singh and his wife committing suicide on June 20 this year is a glaring indictment of casteist academia. When Assistant Professor V P Singh granted zero marks to Bachelor of Engineering student Jasbir Singh in the fourth semester exam, he may well have signed his death warrant. On June 20, almost a year after he scored a zero, Jasbirunemployed and the only son of ~ Muktsar-based DaHt Sikh family - committed suicide along with his wife. What he didn't know was that in two separate re-evalutions by two examiners, he had scored 54 and 64. Now, five months later an inquiry conducted by the Panjab University has found Assistant Professor Singh of Panjab Engineering College guilty of academic impropriety and has discriminated against Jasbir. A complaint to the Panjiab Home Secretary stated that the assistant 'professor had some problem with Jasbir and wanted to ruin his career. The inquiry committee has found V P Singh guilty and debarred him from conducting examinations for the next five years. This is th.e moslt ridiculous punishment for a cruel, casteist and vindictive person who has nosp~ce within the

(COITIPlied'frOITI the Indian

Express

university apparatus. r:

25/1 1/04)

.

J

Chatrapati Sllahuji Maharaj Father cf Reservation Policy in India Kapil Kumar V cnn
(Bi\ Persian SLL&CS) reciting "\'edoklo" mantras. which a Kshatriya king deserved, To his inC]uirics the pri ests rep I icd. "you arc a .Ihudru by origi n so you mantras', deserve unly ''p/ll'(/JlOk/(/''

justice,

The >laharaja

He

\:;s

a

great

'VI'sl'ollar'v S hah"up.'\1 a Ilaral ' -' He worked for education and ,'. I t IIt'" c dlSIl11SSC( rC
Celt humiliated

by his

own sen'ants, He orekred thl'l11 to , pl'rlol'lll \'l'dok/(/ ' mantra hut priests . I 'I l'elusec , ~lI1l lnee " to ]irudllCl' till' 11ls11mcll " '_ eVIdence that hIS. , ' ancestor ( hatrapall , ... Shlva]l was shlldra . . , .... ShahuJ1 Mah~ll'al then d"lsmrsse ' d - t 1lelr. J

government jobs. FIe was born on 26 July 1874, in a Kunbi Maralha family in Kagalwadi village of Kolhapur district, Maharastra. lie was adopted by queen Anandibai of Kolhapur State and was renamed as "Shahu 1'I.:aharaj". He was crowned king il1 1R84 and was imparted English education between 1886 to 1889

services. He also confiscated the properties granted tu the Shankracharya who supported them. This controversy opened the eyes of Shahuj i Maharaj. Now he clearly understood the sufTerings of the so-called untouchables and other backward communities who were totally denied education as well as political power. From then onwards he devoted his life to

despite the protests by royal priests. Onc,;: on the occasion cf karthik pooja in 1890, when be was taking a holy bath in the river Panchgc:nga, royal priests were reciting the mantras. He came to know that roval oriests were not

social justice, At that time the governance of Kolhapur State was fully dominated by corrupt Brahmins. The State jqbs were the exclusive preserve of the Brahmins ancI they never allowed people fr9m other castes even to get a smaH' state iob. £-;

They used this unchallenged privilege to perpetuate misery on the common people by making them rigidly adhere to the caste system. To the credit of Sahuj i, he understood this clearly and hence introduced the concept of reservation, to the extent of 50%. to non-brahmins in government jobs, lIe also opened a number of hostels for students of back\vard classes and Dalits, At his time. in \;laharashtra. there were strong bacbvard caste movements. He took great interest in these egalitarian movements and even patronized them through giving financial help to them. He saw a budding leader in Babasaheb Ambedkar. Only due to his help was Babasaheb able to complete his studies at London. He also provided assistance

to

him start

monetary "Mook

Nayak", a Marathi weekly. Once as a chief guest in a Mahar conference, he said "you can find your liberator in Ambedkar,

REFORMER

I have fill! ['aith that one day he wmtldPee youji'om the shackles of slave'y". He understood very well the cause of the plight of backward castes. He said. "In India, the cause of eFel}' prohlem is casle, India will remain poor, sl((l'ish and ignorant, until casleism is aho/ished. The day on which pmj'cr, properly and knowledge H'il! be distributed among all castes, proporlionate 10 their population casleism will be abolishedfhrever ". The importance and greatness of Shahuji's struggle could be \vell understood in the background of so called "nationalist" moveme,lt led by Balgangadhar Tilak. He along with his followers vehemently opposed Shahuji' s efforts to provide education to shudras (OBCs) and atishudras (SC / STs). He openly declared. "Backward castes must engage themselves in their caste-professions only. The Untouchables should not study beyond primary education. They should not even dream of higher eciuc'ation," Dejected by Shahuji

PAR EXCELLENCE

.:. Mahatma Phule's Satya Shodhak Samaj movement was restarted with his help in 1911.. .:. Another of his commendable acts was an order to abolish the practice of untouchability on 15 January 1919 . •:. In 1917, hc"enacted the 'Widow Remarriage Act' and on 12 July 1919 the inter caste marriage act. .:. lie passed an act to aholish the "dcvdasi" system on 17 .July 1919.

in Tamil Nadu which succeeded

Maharaj ,s derisively

success Tilak used to call him "Dhedho * Ka Raja ". (King of Dhedh ; Dhedh is the abusive term used for Dalits in some

great extent. Non-Brahmin

to

In North India too, Movements were

started in Punjab, Bengal and Uttar Pradesh. Asa result of these struggles, a great awakening was created among shudra and atishudras all over India.

\ parts of the country) .. 'The struggles of Mahatma Phule and Chatrapati Shahuji had created an all-India impact. Influenced by these struggles, Shri Krishnaraj a W odeyar IV, a Yadava ruler, introduced job reservation of 75% to the non-

In response to this awakening. the British government has to make provisions for free and compulsory education to all and job reservation to non-brahmins in the. Government of India Act. 1919. Lonuc live his memorv. ""

Brahmins in .\1.ysore State. Similarly the Justice party started a reservation movement"·

Greedy uppercastes, greedy morality The need for reservations in the private sector Insight Editorial Board When the UPA alliance unity while opposing M1\:Cs. the government put in place a group of WTO. share market manipulators. ministers (GOM) to examine the loan defaulters etc. it wmild have issue of reservation in the .--------, served the nation's private sector for SC/ST it The present interest much better. raised a furore across the discussion What this gross display of country especially in on private baniyas' behaving like industrial circles. Many sector vultures over carrion did industrialists were jerked reservation prompt was not just into displays of bigotry is limited revulsion and dismay. It and ignorance by the and biased was the recognition that UP A's decsion, most '-------' although almost 100 years visibly Rahul Bajaj. The unity have passed since Sahu Maharaj exhibited by organizations like the passed a law reserving posts in his CII, FICCl and ASSOCHAM government for "untouchables", he against the GOM is remarkable. still remains the exception. What a fascinating way to exhibit Ambedkar came and went, the the strength of their unity against MandaI Commision Report came the interest of the weaker section of and went. People are still not India! Had they displayed the same

8

listening.

People do not want to

It is false propaganda benefits of reservation

hear. They do not think because they do not care. That is why we must explain the obvious. That is why we must say it again and again. That is why we must say it loudly. The Reservation policy exists precisely because of the discrimination in the private sector in terms of civil and political rights, discrimination in markets, land and capital, education social services.

and

The present discussion on private sector reservation is limited and biased. We are talking only of labour market reservation and employment ill certain sectors of the pri vate sector economy. There is no discussion over capital market; private housing, land market and government the

contracts

private

appropriated off sections

One why off

In the private sector

can rightly questior an economically well Scheduled caste be

given

what

economic

benefit!

like scholarships and othel econom ic concessions as

counts is a social network. An Dalit cannot approach this social network

Moreover,

by the relatively bette. of Schedule Castes

Out of the 14 lakh governmen employees, Class III and Iv account for approximately 65% oj the total employees. Studies hav~ shown that they are essentiall) children of agricultural land-Ies! laborers or construction workers

they don't deserve them? They need additional safeguards to have a fair access to a market. A poor Brahmin's problem would be confined to education because he is poor. But the issue would be resolved if

to

sectors.

to say thl have beet

he's

given

an

education

discrimination in the product market is discouraging Oalits from starting their own business. Studies

other hand, a poor Scheduled

have milk

suffers from discrimination,

revealed that from the low

Valmikis. by the policy

They

nobody buys castes or the

are even

excluded

milk co-operatives. should be that

The the

government buys milk and vegetables fro11;1,them. Whenever there is discrimination, there has to be a safeguard in order to provide fair access to everybody. The focus should not be on the labo.ur market alone. '

scholarship. Beyond that not face discrimination.

he will On the Caste

illiteracy as well as which double

his/her problems, thus requiring a dual policy. Education and skill development is imperative.

for a scheduled caste apart from some sort

of a positive policy that provides a fair access. Because the scheduled Castes

are educationally

and

they

the

government

them

also

access

q education

lack

backward

modern should

to skill

at a lower

skills, provide

building

and

expenditllre'

The

next step

should

be to ensure

rate of social

benefits

is therefore

reservation in employment as in the private sector discrimination is amazingly high and the Oalits arc

high. The goven~ment the policy that

sure to loose out. Studies show that only .. three or four percent of the positions in the private scctor are appointed . through open advertisements. \1ost recruitment

industries by .npt exposing them to direct competi'tion fwm foreiQn companies. They have all enjoyed huge concessions, quotas ane! rebates. Is it not that Indian

in the private sector occurs through informal channcls. as it is a costsaving exercise. The private sector is completely lying when the) say that they appoint competent people. Efficiency requires transparency and a mechanism wherein you provide opportunities to suitable and qualified people. In the private sector, what counts is a social network. A Oalit cannot access this social network. Therefore, the private sector is wrong in saying' that it seeks efficiency. It selects the best out of a limited number of

industries enjoy a son of l'cscl'valion? Thcll why ~lrc these industrialists making a hue and cry over the issue or introduction or reservation 1'01' the \veaker section ol'lndia? lrthq talk orcomj1etition on the basis of merit. then let the Indian market be open to foreign companies and let Indian industries show the strength of their meritorious employees. Those who oppose reservations in the private sector do not realise that, at no point, were Indian industries socially responsible. Yet, both industries and

of India protected

adopted Indian

r-----------,

people. But it does not necessarily go for the efficient and the best, as this requices advertising vacancy. Reservation tremendous

the has individual

Indian industries have enjoyed huge concessions quotas and rebates. Are they are enjoying a sort of reservation? Then why are these industrialists making an hue and cry over this?

members

of his family.

The

circulation of goods and commodities. SCs/STs/OBCs themselves a

are major

source of industrial profit since they too are consumers, but their share in the ownership or in the management of industries is negligible. Indian industry, remains not only conservative but castiest. We have

and social benefits. A study by Tilak in the early 1970s works out the returns of the reservation policy. If you help one Schedule caste person through reservation, then it can lead to a lot of social benefits as one person can elevate several

industrial production are social products, and the market is a mechanism of social

10

the historical

case of Dalits

in pre-

independence India being denied jobs in textile factories because ind~l£trii\H~UI boHi.'!vcd th~t l!1t} II' presence would pollute their units. BR Ambedkar had to berate SA Dange, the veteran communist leader. for not opposing such practices in Bombay mills. Why is it that Dalits, tribals and OBC's could not, on their o\vn, make it to executive positions in Indian industry in any sign incant number. even after 56 years of independence? The reason is simple; they have been kept out of native education for centuries. After education was liberated from the clutches of casteism, the ruling caste/classes established a dual system. The rich got private education in English medium. The poor and lower castes were relegated to government schools teaching in regional languages. This is not to say that the current reservation policy has been worthless. The reservation policy in the public sector has benefited a lot of people. The central government alone has 14 lakh employees. The proportion of Schedule castes in class III and IV is well above the quota of ] 6 % and, in I and II, the proportion is around 8-] 2 %. So, the middle and lower middle class from the Oalit c~mmunity that we see today, is bedause of reservation. With no reservatiOQ,'-Jhe entry of Dalits into government services would be doubtful. The s,ituation is similar in education. An' article in the EPW estimates that there are

seven lakh SC/ST students in higher education and about half of IU,\? th~l~ b~~l!HUI~ ~r lIwm re:servation. It must be said however, that the government policy is far from. a total success. The Central Government and the PSUs in the country could not achieve even 22 per cent reservation in the last 56 years, how then would affirmative action would help? Reservations have not been included in the judiciary. Out of 485 High Court judges in the country, only 2] judges belong to SC/ST communities. The Supreme court does not have a single SC/ST judge. When former President K R Narayanan tried to suggest the devation of one of these SC/ST high court judges to the Apex court, there was a furore. Scientific establishments and defense services have also barred reservations in their departments. It is necessary to recogllise that the UPA's action in initiating this debate is not an altruistic move. It is a political stunt. The government has done nothing to fulfill the vacant positions lying reserved for Dalits in government institutions. It has done nothing to examine why these posts have remained unfulfilled. The debate itself is poorly thought out. There is no clarity of the nature of the proposed policy regarding reservation in the private sector: How will itbe-/ implemented? At what levels? Who '.vill enforce it') Thr no\,·"~····_-·

has thrown the matter up for debate when there has been little public demand for this. The adhoc manner in which this debate was initiated will only ensure that the government expects, and in fact will try and ensure that nothing comes of it except brownie points. It is a move subvert the growing discontent among Oalits with a debate that has turned into a polemic. It is fmpoltant to keep in mind that Congress-led Maharastra executive suggested a Bill proposing reservations in the private sector for SC/ST/OBCs. This created such a furore that it

had to be put on the back burner during the elections. It only served as clectio!, propaganda. Evcn these stunts however are not tolerated in the..)east. Recently the Maharashtra Law. Commision has rejected the Bill as constitutionally invalid. The implications of this opinion are still not clear, however, it is the sort response we should expect. COlJ1p/ied .Ii'om Ihe debale on 11'11'11'. (//nbedkar. or\.! (ideas he/on,!!; to SK Thoral, Kanc!w l/aiah, Jayal1l Ramlake, Vivek Kumar and to Dedit studenlsfi'o111 various parIs of the counlry.)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Non Democratic T~ experience It began with a call. Students soon "the Indian cricket team is already heard that a national debate on doing so badly: anyone can play reservations in the this badly, there should What we were be reservations in the private sectors was obse,rving was cricket team as well," going to be televised not a debate. It abounded.Accompanyi and they had been was a invited. We started ng this were disdainful meticulously comments on the unruly researching, reading planned nature and appearance and discussing among spectacle. A of us students, who had oursel ves to prime spectacle which ourselves for the debate. come very obviously to was enacted defend the with our On D-day, we were herded into a bus. The implementation of unknowing reservation in the participation. studio was empty and we were made to wait private sector. for over an hour for the galaxy of The Stars finally appeared. Kancha Illaih, SK Thorat, D Raja, stars. During this time many Vivek Kumar, in favour of the urban, upper middle class people motion, and Gurucharan Das in the audience were airing private

views.

Statements

like",.

against reservations and Dipankar resulted, This was not entirel, Gupta doing the balancing act. because of GD's statement. W~erl We were a bit surprised that a to a claim by GD that reservation private sector enterprise like ,vould weaken an already weak NDTV had only one person Indian industry, Ilaiah responded against reservation. ,.---------, saying that Indian We were a bit industry was weak The arrival of Barkha surprised that a because industrialists Dutt changed the p~'ivat~ company (like GO) employed surprise to anticipation. And we lIke NDTV had their upper-caste . a onlv'. one pel"son ~. B ar kJ1a D utt were rewarded with re I'atlves, aoamst . I. k' SVl11lJathctic o]Jeninoc' . bt.IOn. TIIC chastIsed 11111as mg rcscrva . • "Dalits have been arrival of Barkha hun not to get personal. Dutt chanaed thc What we were denied space in the surpris~ to observing was not a private sector since anticipation. debate. It was a independence. Is it not our moral duty to meticulously planned implement reservation in the spectacle. A spectacle which was private sectoc" To this all those enacted with our unknowing in favour nodded in agreement participation. The four prointo the cameras. The mike, of reservation panelists were being course, went to Gurucharan Das portrayed as holding different (GD). "Reservation in the private positions that contradicted each sector is not only foolish, it is other. They were castiest, vulgar unethical and immoral." An and did not know how to function uproar lifted out of the audience. with decorum in civil society. The statement was meant to Against tljs the sane and provoke and it had its effect. pragmatic voice of Gurucharan Hands went up everywhere and Das comes out. The .middle all the pro~reservation panelists position is also that of Gupta who were vying to respond. manages to please both parties. What OD's statement did was Providing the background for this vitiate the atmosphere. What is an unruly audience trying to followed was not a debate. The raise their voice, trying to grab CPI leader, Raj" responded with space which is not theirs only an attack on' I~dian industry. because of their numbers. As Thorat and Iillahlried to make opposed to the serene clearly some constructive suggestions but upper-caste middle class these were drowned \ out in the audiences who were smirkirig-C---battle-like situation that had benevolently at the famasha that ,

13

was being played out in rront or them. Then came the part we should have kno\vn was coming but forgot to anticipate. The audience questions. Three strategically pl~lced people were approached by Barkha D. The que~lions: could not get admission into college because my rather could not get me a easte certi ficate because hc \vas born as "r

hrahmin. away my dressed Audience look at

\:ow they want to take job also." asked a well20-something woman. number two: Let us ourselves. Educate the

poor boys that work in our houses. If we cannot do this then what is the scope for reservation. Audience 3: Academicians and politicians 'Shouldn't be called. Everyone knows that reservations will ruin the industr.y. First let them get 50% marks. phi/' oke hafh ku/'o. As if this was not enough. as \ve were leaving. the suspicion in the eyes or the employees of \:DTV. was rcfkctive of the entire event. That the national public space and the media is hostile. castiest and undemocratic.

CASTE AND JNU Sanjay Kumar Hazra's case is sub-judice. It is important however that we recognise the complexities of the case. The intense pressure faced by a Dalit student and the negative stigma that he carries regarding his identity, makes coming up with such a putlic claim an enormously difficult and painful task. It is reflection of the sensibilities that we all hold that we do not care to come to terms with this. It is a serious accusation that has been leveled against a senior student. Hazra has accused Arvind Kumar of abusing by his caste name denegrating him socially. It is difficult time for all of us, especially for Sanjay. Let us remember this. INSIGHT's

next issue (December 2004) will be centered around UNDERSTADNING CASTE ATROCITIES

The January 2005 issue will compile articles on CASTE AND NATIONALISM.

DO CONTRIBUTE

LETTERS AND ARTICLES

."

Some 'Non-Meritorious' Reflections Reservation policy and its side effects Anoop Kumar 1. Why is India continuously out-witted by Pakistan international fora through

M.PhiIiRCA/SIS

being in their

After narrating this story, my dear professor shrugged her head as if to show that the diplomat"s argumellt

diplomats? Can any of the readers guess? 3-;0? I will tell you. It is because in Pakistan there is no reservation.

had hit the bull"s eye and she had nothing to say. She llashed a halfsmile and then \\ent back to deliver her lecture.

This is the only reason why Pakistan is able to produce fine diplomats and India. \vhich is giving reservations to Oalits. is

I.fter this revelation I was not able to pay attention w the rest of her lecture. Anger crept into me. I wanted to stand LIP and

r------------,

not able to produce diplomats who

good can

Aftcr this revelation that thc

question decided

defend Indian interests. Did this revelation shock you?

povc."ty of Indian diplomacy was due to reservation

she could very easily say that was not her statement. :v1y

I think now you want me to tell how I reached this conclusion. This is not my conclusion as

policy able attention of her

belonging

I was not to pay to the rest Iccture.

her against

but it as

to tl.le '.non~ meritorious background also kept me silent.

none of my family or Anoer crept into I started trying to even any distant relative b me remember any Oalit committed the is in the foreign services L-.__ --..-J who nor have seen any Indian or 'atrocious crime' of representing Pakistani diplomats till date. India. Only Iyers. \t1enons, Mishras, But I was enlightened about this Oikshits, Subramaniams came to my 'grave national shame' by one of my mind. Almost all of them sounded teachers in my MA days at JNU. like Brahmins to me. My dear In a lecture on Indo-Pak relations, teacher, what about Pakistan's she narrated that Pakistan scored over India through diplomatic maneuvering in internationa I fora like the UN. She was surprised by Pakistani diplomats' brilliance, so,

almost complete dominance over India in Cricket and Hockey? I think one should ask Wasim Akram, Shahbaj Khan or Yousuf Yohanna or perhaps Sourav

on meeting one she ~nquired about it. The Pakistani diplomat replied that the reason for their brilliance rests in Pakistan not 'having a

Ganguly or Tendulkar (both belonging to 'meritorious' community) about it. 2. Now let me take you to my

reservation

policy.

IS'

home. I live in a locality

that was

bu i It around 1980 and has two' nOllmeritorious' families and a 'half .. meritorious' one (0 Be). A II the rest are those who oriQi nated Jwmabove

meritorious contemporaries all 'happily' married (with hefty dowries) but without regu lar jobs. Still the caste arrogance can be

the waist of ;'llllighty Brahma. These three f~ll11 i Iies started from mueh belll\\ the pOlcrty linc but today they ha\l~ acquired 'respectability' as their second generation is \lei I settled. Some of them are Class I officers or doctors. enQincers and one of them is e\en in

gauged from their 'eyes but they know that they are incompetent and hencc powcrlcss. On mccting thcm they bring the issue of reservation, by one \'yay or the other. and try to justifY their failure and our success throligh it. 3. Back to J~C. It is the time of

th; L S. ]n COIllparison. other families came to that locality with ll1uch \\ ealth in' terms of ancestral

admissions. A II student groups have their assistance stalls before the Administrative Block. All around

lands, property and also a long tr
the block one volunteers trying

can see their to catch newly

sccond ~Qcneration ... is full nf arrivinQ~ ,. lIC II C cn Iv, IlC .. students. school dropollts. 10 bcgll1 became n'~'nre of Around thiS entll:e f' 1 hullabaloo there IS with. theil' children full\' ... prcscncco aglr . cnjovcd thclr chIldhood . t b r tl one small desk In the . .. , IllS· clorc Ie . \vhereas 'non- nH.TltonoliS corner WIth the C['cs I{. SIIlC 00 I{CC 1 ,. IJarents did not prov ide banner ot a Dabt vcrv t ense. SI Ie . l11uch libeliy to their . I t tl student group. Behind camc c OSC 0 lC children. Thcy- forced them this desk a -young ( 1CS 1• to concentratc on I) on ~ student sits. He looks their studies. Watching others uncomfortable as he has been sitting playing and enjoying. these children here since morning and none of the resented their parents and were even group members have turned up as beaten if they got less marks or were yet. Since morning he has been c aught roaming. Their persistence in trying to appear brave as other educating their children. was volunteers passing through his desk phenomenal. They were wholly often smirked at him. CeJiainly imbued with the idea of education as among all the student groups, his the panacea of all their ills. group was the odd one out. Meritorious families used to ridicule Suddenly, he became aware of them for being so strict with their presence of a girl just before the children. But they did not give heed desk. She looked very tense. She to them. They worked bard to came close to the desk and told him provide the best facilities to their that the seats reserved for DaIits children. Now the results must be remained unfulfilled in one S·,

seen to be believed. Now when we go back to our homes we find our

16

paJiicul.ar centre and asked Dalit student group" j

that his should

pressurize the JNU administration to fill it. She was speaking as if words were coming to her with great difficulty. Also, while speaking she WaS looking all around as if to notice all who were looking. She gave the impression that, given a chance. she won't even look towards the Oalit group's desk. On inquiring about her interest in this issue she revealved she was Oalit and had completed her postgraduation from J:\L. but could not

hiding their identity despite being continuously exploited and abused? Why then, in places like JNU do we try to hide? 4. I am sitting in JNU and typing my 'reflections' on a Pentium III computer despite my belonging to the; non meritorious' community. I will always remain grateful to my parent's single minded perseverance towards their ch ildren' s education and also to Art. 16(4) of Indian Constitution without which (I am

e~et...admission in the \1

110% sure) I would . have been .. reap1l1g , karl1la 01 sins trom hundreds 0 f past lives through cleaning shoes or washing clothes of others as my grandparents and their fore fathers used to for the last two thousand years at least. And this is true for millions of people of my community across the length and breadth of this country. I just want to cry. Three cheers for their hardearned success in this casteist and most violent society which hates them, abuses them and ridicules them despite being most humane, hard working and most productive community of this wretched country called India. This is their real merit. I am very proud of being from such a meritorious community.

I WI"II a Iways . urate f'·u I to rem
PhIl as she . was not selected 111 the ..Interview. She then claimed that one reserved seat is still lying vacant in that department. The boy showed keen interest in the issue and assured her that his group would cel1ainly fight for fulfilling reserved seats. He then asked her name and her hostel. The girl refused to divulge her name and told him that she would come by herself on the next day. After this she walked away from the desk very fast without saying a word. The boy was surprised at the girl's behavior and sl1ddenly he realized why the Dalit stl1dent movement is not growing in ,tbe University campuses. So much inferiority compl(~x even after being well educ~ted! Ever heard of poor landless Dalits

r

I?-

Who's Bill'is it anyway? Caste and the Women's Reservation Bill ['he

Ashokan Namhiar (English Journalism/IIMC) women's reservation bill. "clitist" in nature and there should

which proposes

to guarantee

or ParkliJ1Cnt se,tts to women. has

be amendments in the include reservation

not yet n:alcrialised in spite of lots of discussion and '':\'C11 after plaeinu. lvvice it on the .~.

reservation for SC/ST. OBCs and religious minorities. Supporters of the BilL which include ..

:)3(;10

------

table .in IntcreslIngly

Par]](lll1enl.! all pol1tlcal

I

Thc suppression

-

Bill to \\ithin

Congress .. and \\'omen s orgal1lSatlOns

I B.JP ..

'1C~'O:~ I i: diffcrent dominat,ed by upper pa~.ti.cs. ~Ultjllg thell tdeologlcal Lnes for womcn caste \\omen. read the support the reservation bclonoinu to demand for quota \\ithin b b . f()]' women in diffcl'cnt quota as a conspIracy 0 f' parliament. So where in I castcs. mcn against women. L -1 A few crucial lies the problem? It's become obvious that questions need to be raised here: the problem lies not ill the I\re Indian women a homogenous reservation per se but in the entity? \Vhat is the position of formulation of the Bill. which women viz. men in our society? divided the pulilica! parties into Em\' are women supprpssed l\\'U camps. One opposing and one through the Indian patriarchal supporting the Bill. This division order? Are all women suppressed is not only between political and exploited in the same way or parities, but also within political are there also distinctions of caste parties, dividing parties along and class at play? caste lines (for instance Uma In a caste ridden society Bharati and Kalyan Singh of the like India it needs to be realised BJP opposed the Bill). that women belonging to various When former PM AB caste groups are hierarchically Vajpayee called an all-party positioned. The suppression, meeting to bring consensus on the through the changing issue, the difference of opinioL on manifestation of patriarchy, is the Bill became clear. different for women belonging to The staunch opponents of different castes. A large majority the Bill in its present form, of women, who have come up in included Samaj wadi Pmiy and various fields of life, belong to J

RJD. Their claim is that the Bill is fa the En!llish educated

bfahminical

castcs. "Lower" caste womcn facc debate about the issue? Why are multiple subalternity from their political parties waiting for a own caste men and from men and governmental order before they women of castes above them. field at lea'st 33% women The argument given by candidates (even the Left is those opposint!: the implicated in the upper .. ~ . "LOW(T" caste ' • caste conspIracy)? quotas \Vlthlll quotas IS women face ']~I' t]1at women l'Tom tI1e lelr support 0 f t he I', '11 t multiple B'II . not due to any ,1 IS 'ower castes Wile inherent concern about less "able" to resist the su baIter-Oity control of the men of the plight of women or their castes and will end up being the nature of patriarchal ··proxies·. If this is so why is it government policy. that only OBC parties are against While there is an this Bill? The Dalit parties (such argument that the 'parkati', is as the BSP) are aware that should seen to be distanced from the man reservation for women be in her politics due to the effects of implemented it would mean that modernity and the like, the fact of reservation for Dalit women the matter is that, given the would be culled from the existing double subalternity of women in reservation for SC/STs, India, there still exists within Therefore, politically there is little women of the "lower" castes a that they have to lose. strong and vibrant tradition of' The OBC leaders equality and respect for however, recognise that this is a production that is disregarded in ploy of the upper castes to regain the 1110dernitydebates. the political ground lost to the The fact of the matter is OBCs. Sharad Yadav's statement that women from the "lower" inside Parliament, that only castes can draw on a tradition that parkatis (women with bob-cuts) is well founded and indigenous would get elected under the (not to disclaim the immense proposed Bill, may seem effects of patriarchy) to combat repugnant to many. It is, but a male-oriented and dominated statement of the truth. policies. The real \ question is that Considering these facts, it "Will upper caste "'(omen elected becomes necessary to change the in parliament represellt women or Bill in its present form and amend upper castes"? it to include quota within quota If this was not" the case for SC/ST, OBCs and religious why is it that there is no serious minorities. J,

History as a blind girl Suresh Kumar (MA, History, Pondicherry

University)

The eyes of history are truths, which are being shut by the socalled historians to mobilize their own ideologies dl110ng thl' students as well as to establish the

against the untouchables. :\0 one is ready but they tell the to speak the

political identification and thoughts in the society. History is lX'jn~ trl'atcd as ~I l'ilild ill tilL' han<.:ts of historians in the classro~lms as \\e11 as in textbooks. To torture the child. the historians me collecting students with the tension of marks. ThollUh. rnall\' ideokH2ies establish the~' sllprel;lacy in ~the field of universities and colleges. the blind girl (history) never gets relief tl'om the fanatic historians.

Lniversities are the best places to look 0.1 the atrocities of history by Lll1dtic llindui/.ing lJistnri
Regarding the history of India, the imperialists would speak about inferiority and sLlperiority between the foreigners and indigenous people. The Ylarxists would speak about the struggle between the elite group and the \vorking class. The nationaEsts vvoulj speak aqout the Ral7wyww and the Mahabham! and the legends and pural1as to construct nationalism. The subaltern historian would speak of the struggle of the peasants to get power and take the side of the peasants against the elite group. Where are the historians talking about the atrocities committed

ideology, professors deliberately negate the history of Islam and Christianity to torture history and to mobilize their ideologyThe professors offer papers that are not li1 the interests of students but are, in fact, attempts to dictate propoganda to them. They do not consider the students' future but they only want to establish elite Hinduism and suppress society. A child is crying in Pondicherry University without the eyes to see the world. She is also being made voiceless by the fanatics. Who will save her from the truth? Who will save her from the torture?

20

Oalits

and

the

to speak the truth.

pcopk or students truth

in

history.

Why the seer couldn't se€~ his arrest The fraud for religious institutions on the Indian people lnsight Editorial Board It is not good to hang a man hefore a rail' trail. It is even \'orsc

Why is the news that people were checked Oil 14/ I ] /04 while

to prevent due process oj' Imv. And the Brahminical media led by a paper true to its name: The Hindu, is doing just this for Jayendra Saraswati. For the last \veek. before this editorial went to Press. The !findu

entering thL' temple repeated four times in the course of a sinole c issue

of

the paper (dated Why is this news hacked with the opinion of a private individual that this was an affront to "Hindus"? Where is the reportage about those "Hindus" who demanded that the ] 5/l1/04)'?

has been acq ui tting the "seer every day in its columns. True to its "neutral Why arc a The Hindu has colours:" few thinlyattended put forth both sides of the processions st01"y. Except that one side being appears in eight out of 16 covered as pages for four days nationwide running and the other side strikes? gets mention in boxes within stories. The undue coverage given to fringe and non-productive elements of society like the VHP and its affiliated cadre of jobless "sadhus and sants" begs only one question. Why are a few thinlyattended processions being covered as nationwide strikes? Why are photos of groups of sadhus, of concerned Brahmin women sitting in protest on plastic chairs given such prominence when the case is subjudice?

seer step down and face charges? If one were able to find this article buried between news about diabetes and some news about Russia, one would have to look really hard. Why is it that the police can not only arrest one "baba" from rural India but can' actually conduct a campaign against them and the very same newspapers that are "treading carefully" will give them full coverage and editorial support? This is not to malign a respected newspaper like The Hindu. !.t is only to make an angry observation about the state of the nation. This is a nation that

mystifies reactionary like heads of mutts

elements and other

Brahmins.

them

accordiilg

21 an importance

with

and status that they

have not earned in a honest fashion, There can be no doubt that mutts and other such religious institutions have to be made publicly accountable and that they can no longer hide behind the fact that thcy gj\C a

because they are afraid of their illgotten wealth coming under the public purvievv? The most important question is \vhat is the contribution of the Kanchi Peeth for the development of the country except pilfering thc

merger monev

percentage of the black country" s wealth I~)r the seer's that is stuffed into the relatives and tor other Brahmins'? !fl/mfl.l· to "charitable" C~lUSCS. 'lho' mrest of Shankaracharya is (The Hindu on 2] /11 /04 carried just the tip of the icebcrg, Every !1luliple adverti:;mt:nts b) the no\\ and then \-'le hear/read about K:1l1chi Illults '1'1 ' , some Baba or priest , lI~, 1 j' j' / 'ldvertisin12. their d' ll1VO\'lo'l 111Sl11UL'.!l , ~ . unpro UCtlVC - ~~ Ing , "charitable activities",) II I sex , racket/hnancwl , "'catltlat ' On October ,1,1. this f bungll11g, What IS the "seer"' offered a Rs 1.5 C}OO.ICS III jimt! solution'? . tIe surp rOIliS '," ' 111JS unproductIve crore golden crown to , S t Icn f rom tl IC • the Hll1du temple at T wealth that comes from 'J"lrupatI ' . i\ n<'1 1J Ira tOI mg 111 '--' t I1e Slirp IliS sto If' cn 1'0111 Pradesh. Where is this "seer" who the toiling Dalits of this country claims to have renounced the must be confiscated, The materi,,) world getting "material"? arrogance of the Hindu that he is How far is alTering a Rs. 1.5 crore above the law, in faet that he is golden crown to a stone idol the law, must end. Time and again productive? .Just imaginc how this impudcnce is seen. Be it ten many schools tor the poor could years ago when water from be opened with this sum, It is high Thakur wells was thrown to waste time to look at the activities of in front of parched Dalits, or Mutts All for Brahmins, nothing today when in the midst of such for Dalits and OBes! glaring poverty stone gods are The "seer' has proved his antibathed in milk and clothed in gold Dalit credentials as he supported and jewels by their equally the Varna system. Why are all the heartless worshippers. employees of the Kanchi mutt How this will occur and who will Brahmins if they claim to have the political strength to represent 'Hindu' society? unseat these corrupt gods and Why are 'TV stars' like Asharam their violent supporters, only time Babu and Shudanshu Maharaj will tell. opposing the arrest? Is it not Jai bhim.

°

12.

Datit lore arld folklore S. Veeranlani, (Ph.D., CPS/SSS) Dalit art and culture has itsl deep roots in history. It comes out of pain. problems and emotions \\hich the Dalit 1~ICCS and the

language and traditions were forced to disappear. Possible culture in India Dalit art and culture has its OWl)

practices of day-to-day life, that deep meaning and reason. The ca bl' traced back historically. articulations of Dalit culture There is strong evidence that always address social problems and suJfering. )Jro\es the origin' and growth of Dalit art and Where are the It is an expression of culture. The real others? What is \\ounded emotions. inhabitants of India. their cultun.'? Dalit art is a voice for Sakya and I\'aga from What will be liberation. It abounds south India later spread theil' culture if with issues to be

r----------,

all over India as can be you remove solved. They contain seen by scriptures, Dalit cultures? various art forms. inscriptions and so on. L..---' For example, songs, We find many such references in dance, drama, theatre. Even Tamil literature and also can look though it disappeared at some at David Washbrook's research point of time now, the' growing that ancient India was the golden consciousness among Dalits period of pariyas. The instruments . pushes them to re-trace their purai or thappu (which I play) cultural history-which' is the was basically played to proclaim only possible cultural history in royal orders during Pariah kings this country. visit to his kingdom. Scholars like Prof K A Later this instrument was banned Gunashekaran, founded Dalit and was called untouchables theatre which keenly targets: instrument during the invasion of socio-economic and political Aryan or Hindu culture. They issues faced by Dalits in India. It massacred thousands of Buddhist also helps trace the history of bikkus. Buddhis,\ temples were Dalit culture, that is not only'\ destroyed. There" were many entertaining, but also an' '\ atrocities against Dants, their art awakening culture. and culture. Above is an example It is importanUo say a few lines ,_/ of how one by one\ all the here. After suffering intense clements

of Dalit art, culture

and23

I \

caste-based . discrimination, the Dalit masses claim the follO\ving: We have to try to be ;fogether To put an end to discrimination, If Dalits gather collectively \ There must befi'eedo1l7 The paddy cries \1'hel7)'011 0)', The lake .vater turn.\' red j'j:hen you bleed, Why slill sIOlj'? ('0/11(' 011, beloved, Come closer ({!Jrewl hmlhers ({nd sislers To sei:::e 0111' right, /0 ill Oil/" ,ti-eedom, LeI the balld olliS h!w! Ihese streets (Puroi) , Lellhe voice olliS Ih/"e{/(el7 1/71: Assembly, LeI the flag ollis/I)' O\'C/' Ihc pori ... " These lines are sLIng by Dalit singers to support of Dalits when faced with grave ]lJ'i)hkill S. 1\

claims to be a possible culture and peoples' culture. The costumes are simple and rich, and give full freedom to the performer. Dalit costumes are real. Not masks. As is their art and culture. Songs and Dances There are a variety of songs and d;ll1ces like Illarriagl' ceremony songs, death songs. llarvesting songs. festival songs. bride/groom exchange songs. conceiving songs: liberation songs. prl)(est songs. Various dances arc thappattam. peyalUlll1. thcrukkuttu. mayilattam. karagattam. oyilattam. and so on. (The translations will he mildc available soon ©)

Instruments and costumes, There are different kinds of instruments. Skinnl~d instruments (Thavil, Thappu, Urumi. Pambai), wind instrument (Dalit "'.'ath. clm-ionet, flute) supportive instruments (hand bell. tambourine. etc). D~dit artists normally producc these instruments themselves. The practicing of instruments preparing costumes, songs and dances are part or the day-to-day life for them while workil1g in the

Difference between Dalit lore and folklore The history \vrittcn by pscudohistorians grossly exaggerate some art and culture and pass it off as the culture of India sidelining the rich Dalit art and culture. Day-by-day Dalits are made to forget their artifacts and get subsumed into other cultures. Take the example of folklore. It contains the entire Dalit art and culture within it and is performed by Dalit artistes only. Where are the others? What is their culture'! What will be their culturc if you remove Dalit cultures? That is why the new idea

ficId. That

propounded

is why

j)~liit culturcZly

by

Prof

Gunashekaran, that Dalit lore is different from folk lore is

liberation of Dalits. It had created larger consciousness among Dalits in India. It has deep roots in History and is a powerful weapon to use to come out of the cycles of discriminating religion. It is a tool to awaken Dalits to

interesting. You can not remain under any culture because it is the only possible culture. The time has come to hold it up and to raise its importance to the world. There is much more Here cultural history of the Dalits to be traced. I murmuring also becomes a leave this to the

search for their identity and politics. These are all the sale

responsibility of youth. readers imagination great song. For them exploring the and for further cultural history of Oalits is the best research. research. Cnless and until this is done. Conclusion world civilization will not become Dalit art and culture had meaningful. contributed massively to the ~~~~--

Reservations for Dalit Minorities How much longer will our rights be violated? Sanjecv Kumar (BA/CRS/SLL&CS) \1uslim and Christian Dalits are question that arises is why Dalit M usl ims are debarred from these debarred from many of the faci Iities that have been given by the benefits? Alticle 341 of the government of India to the "Hindu" Indian Constitution provides the Dalits. Recently at the ,--------------, status of scheduled It was only through caste to Dalits. It also .Justice Conference held

a Presidential Order in 1950 that the reliuious b restriction was

in 7\ew Delhi, V1uhammad Karim from liP stated "I am V1usl im and 1 am

a a

imposed. cobbler. I have no concrete house to liye Ill. I have not bee'il '------------' included in the Scheduled Caste list. /\ Hindu cobbler in my village has a house made by the government under Ihe Indira Vikas Yojana." The .

25'

Shame?

provides special aid and facilities for the advancement of scheduled caste people

in higher education and government jobs. This is when:. however, the dominant power intervenes. Paragraph 3 of the sanW Article imposes religious restrictions, making the 11J'()VisionalJIJlieablc only c

to those who profess to the Hindu With the tacit support of Hindu religion. The great Hinduism at work reactionaries, the 'Upper Caste' in the Constitution. Members of all Muslim and Christian elite try to religious minorities are debarred. muzzle the voices of Oal its within The fact is thM there were no their respective religion to avoid religious restrictiLlI1s on the law their just claims. The need of the passed to the same effect in 1935. All hour is to identifY the problems of OaJits were entitled to avail the Oalit minorities. make a separate facilities provided by law category for them. and provide thcm irrespective of their religion. It vvas the state support so that they can also only through a Presidential Order in get their due share. 1950 that the religious restriction In Andhra Pradesh. the state was imposed. Shame? government moved to reserve five It is not just the case of Yluslims. percent of government jobs ane! seats Christian Oalits are trapped in the in higher education for Yluslims by same boat. Are they not Indians? Are identifying them as 'backward they not underprivileged? Have they community'. It has created a fissure not faced the same exploitation? in the Muslim community itself. For Have you ever thought about the fact who is going to get these that this is against the fundamental reservations? It is the educated upper rights provided under Article ]4 castes among the Muslims: The (Right to Equality ,----------, Sayyeds, the Owasis, the before Law) and Aliicle 85% of Indian Sheiks and the Mirzas, to 25 (Right of Freedom of Muslims are name a few. Oal its and Religion)? There is no from lower backward Muslims will question that the ban should be abolished and reservations should be increased and expanded to Dalits of other I..... re IglOus m1l10ntles. A CC0rd'mg to 85% of one source, Indian Muslims are from lower castes. Similarly

castes. Similarly majority of Christians are

never see these benefits. The AP Government Ordinance has been

Dalits

who t d t c nver eo. th escape e

revoked, but it is important to take a stand agall1st such moves that . '1 ege see k to pnvi t Ile drudg~~ of already privileged under brahmllllsm. the guise of preferential majority discrimination.

0

of Christians are DaIits who converted to escape the drudgery of brahminism. The caste system is so powerful that it penetrated into these religions also. In present time Dalit

Let LIS pledge to fight for the rights of DaIits of all religious backgrounds to enjoy the benefits of reservations. Let us fight to increase the reservations to make it more

minorities are still living below the poverty line and are engaged in thc

represent'!tive. Let LIS fight strengthcn DaJit unity against

lowly jobs.

:1'

attacks by rcligious

to the

vested interests.

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