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Nitrogen Cycle The nitrogen cycle is a biogeochemical cycle in which nitrogen is transferred from the atmosphere to the ground and to animals and plants. The energy from the sun’s rays and from lightning combines gaseous nitrogen with oxygen to form nitrates, which are carried to the Earth’s surface by rain. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil are responsible for the bulk of the conversion of nitrogen into ammonia and nitrates, which can then be taken up by plants. Nitrogen moves from plants to herbivores through the food web. Dead animals and plants produce ammonia, some of which is used directly by plants and some of which is converted into nitrates by microorganisms.