New Technologies In Business

New Technologies in Business •Artificial Intelligence •Neural Networks •Expert Systems Note:- All these are various kinds of logics/algorithms, code snippets etc. , basically software to process complex problems

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Dharmendra Arora

Attributes of Intelligent Behavior Think & reason. Use reason to solve problems. Learn or understand from experience. Acquire and apply knowledge. Exhibit creativity and imagination. Deal with complex or perplexing situations. Respond quickly and successfully to new situations. Recognize the relative importance of elements in a situation. Handle ambiguous, incomplete, or erroneous information. JIM

Dharmendra Arora

Artificial Intelligence AI is an attempt to duplicate the above mentioned capabilities in computer based system. The goal of AI is to develop computers that can think, see, hear, walk, talk and feel. AI is a field of science and technology based on disciplines such as computer science, biology, psychology, linguistics, mathematics and problem solving. The term Artificial Intelligence was coined by John McCarthy at MIT in 1956. JIM

Dharmendra Arora

Domain of AI

AI Cognitive Science Applications

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Robotics Applications

Natural Interface Applications

Dharmendra Arora

Cognitive Science Applications This area of AI is based on research in biology, neurology, psychology, mathematics and many allied disciplines. It focuses in researching how human brain works and how humans think & learn. Results of such human information processing are provide basis to develop many computer based applications in AI. JIM

Dharmendra Arora

Applications in Cognitive Science

Expert Systems Learning Systems Fuzzy Logic System Genetic Algorithms Neural Networks Intelligent Agents JIM

Dharmendra Arora

Applications in Cognitive Science Expert Systems - add a knowledge base & some reasoning capability to information systems eg. Help in Ms-Office. Learning Systems- that can modify their behaviors based on information they acquire as they operate. Eg. Chess playing systems. Fuzzy Logic Systems- can process data that are incomplete or ambiguous, i.e. fuzzy data. Thus they can solve unstructured problems with incomplete knowledge by developing probable answers & answers. Eg. Auto complete and spell check feature in Ms-Office. JIM

Dharmendra Arora

Applications in Cognitive Science Genetic Algorithms- software uses Darwinian (survival of the fittest), randomizing, and other mathematical functions to simulate evolutionary processes that can generate increasingly better solutions to problems. Neural Network- software can learn by processing sample problems and their solutions. As neural nets start to recognize patterns, they can begin to program themselves to solve such problems on their own. Intelligent Agents- use expert system and other AI technologies to serve as surrogates for a variety of end user applications. Eg. Wizards in Ms applications etc.

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Dharmendra Arora

Robotics Applications AI, engineering and physiology are the basic disciplines of robotics. This technology produces robot machines with computer intelligence and computer controlled, humanlike physical capabilities-“The Steel Collar Workers”. In this area applications are developed to give robots Visual Perception-powers of sight; Tactile Capabilities-touch; Dexterity-skill in handling and manipulation; Locomotionphysical ability to move; Navigationintelligence to properly find one’s way to destination JIM

Dharmendra Arora

Natural Interface Applications Development of natural interfaces to facilitate natural use of computers by humans. Eg. Natural Programming Languages, Speech recognition software, Multisensory Interfaces and Virtual Reality. This involves research & development in linguistics, psychology, computer science and other disciplines JIM

Dharmendra Arora

Break of 10 Minutes

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Dharmendra Arora

Neural Networks Computing systems modeled after neurons- brains mesh like network of interconnected processing elements. Interconnected processors operate in parallel and interact dynamically with each other. Thus it “learns” from the data it processes. It learns to recognize patterns and relationships in the data it processes JIM

Dharmendra Arora

Example-Neural Networks

Before Training

High Salary

JIM

Medium Salary

Owns Home

Profitable Customer

Less than 3 yrs. on job

Prior Bankruptcy

Owns a Dog

Default Customer Dharmendra Arora

Example-Neural Networks

After Training

High Salary

Medium Salary

Owns Home

Less than 3 yrs. on job

Prior Bankruptcy

JIM

Profitable Customer

Owns a Dog

Default Customer Dharmendra Arora

Neural Networks Special software and hardware (circuits, processors) are available to implement neural networks on microcomputers and other computer systems. Eg. Infoseek (search engine) search based advertisements.

JIM

Dharmendra Arora

Expert Systems-Application of AI in Business An Expert System is basically a Knowledge Based Information System (KBIS). A KBIS adds a knowledge base to the major components of computer based information systems. An Expert System is a knowledge based information system that uses its knowledge about a specific, complex application area to act as an Expert consultant to end users. It provides answers to questions in a very specific problem area. It must also be able to explain there reasoning process and conclusion to the user. JIM

Dharmendra Arora

Components of an Expert System Components include a knowledge base & software modules that perform inferences on the knowledge and communicate answer to a user’s questions. Knowledge Base- facts about a specific subject area; heuristics that express the reasoning procedures. Software Resources- interface engine & other programs for refining knowledge and communicating with others. Interface engine is a program that processes the knowledge related to a specific problem.

JIM

Dharmendra Arora

Expert System

Expert Advise Workstation

User

User Interface Interface Engine Programs Program

Knowledge Base

Expert Management Software

Knowledge Acquisition Program Knowledge Engineering Workstation JIM

Expert / Knowledge Engineer

Dharmendra Arora Expert System Development