New Look Street Lighting

Street Lighting Can we take a new look to serve the consumer better? Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009

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Contents  Street Lighting ---- Development over the years  Influence of Dark Sky requirements  Influence of Energy & Environment  Perceived needs of different users

Motorists & Pedestrians  Integrated Approach  Influence of Computers & Communication. Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009

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Historical View  Oil flame  Kerosene Lamp; Wick, Mantle  Incandescent Lamp –

Decorative poles – Five Lights  Unique feature—Constant Current Series circuit for street lighting  Fluorescent tubes  Mercury Vapor lamps; Sodium vapor  Halogen; Metal Halide  High Mast lighting 3 Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009

What we need from Lighting  Visibility of the ground  Visibility of objects  For vehicles – Objects in his path  Security—No dark spaces for

concealment  Glare free for pedestrian & for motorist.  View of Architectural features  Sign boards for information  Social Interaction environment Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009

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What do we EXPECT in Street Lighting?  Engineering Design View:

Luminance Level, Uniformity  Glare limitation  Lamp Spectra, Color index  Visual guidance Need & demand for Energy Efficiency Ease of maintenance Total cost of ownership Related Changes in Street Light Systems  Higher wattage & lumen output  Increased spacing, taller poles, high mast 5 

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Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009

What do we EXPECT FROM Street Lighting?

 Good lighting promotes a feeling of security and    

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well-being; Bad lighting kills people, places and jobs’. Safety and comfort is usually provided by street lighting. Identification of all movement and visibility of obstruction – both static & moving. City beautification can apply to different parts of the city, such as gardens, buildings, bridges and heritage sites. Examples of city beautification are the use of colored street lighting, filters, colored lamps, building illumination, image projection and dynamic lighting. Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009

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Criticism of Street Lighting

For whom are we providing the street light?

 Common issues for criticism.  Energy wastage.  Light pollution.

 Dark patches in between.

 Safety, durability and danger of vandalism.  High initial cost.

 Conflict with architectural elements in the

surroundings.  For whom are we providing the street light? Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009

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Street Lighting ---- For whom?  Energy considerations have brought a     

number of questions? Motorist carries the light with him (headlights). Do we provide for him? Do we provide lighting for the pedestrian? Do we light the pedestrian as an object of conflict for the motorist? Accident data---Conflicting & Confusing. Lighting the intersections & pedestrian crossings is more effective for reduction of accidents and requires 45% less energy!!!. 8 Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009

Light the intersections & pedestrian crossings

 Light the foot-path. 

For the motorist provide a chain of edge markers and markers.

divider

 Short poles and low intensity sources (LED fits in).

Integrate lights with the road edge or the compound wall; This could reduce the requirement of poles.  In business areas integrate the shop lighting spillage or the light from the sign board to light the pedestrian area.  Shopkeepers welcome the idea. They have done improvements to pavement in front of their shop to gain customer goodwill.  ECBC restricts energy use. Relax this to the extent of light used for pedestrian area. 

 Low maintenance.

With good integration the maintenance expenditure from public funds will come down.  Establish regulatory controls for merging the designs. 

 Requires integrated design approach. Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009

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Trees, Architectural features of buildings

 I designed & saw them after 10 years.  Design for 3 different places according to the design standards.  Result (1)Good, (2)Worst, (3)Bad.  (1)Ranchi, (2)Dimapur, (3)Barwaha  Architectural features.  Lighting

should match & merge with features of natural features, trees and created permanent objects.  Integrated design drawings rarely made & never for street lighting.  First case: Connaught Place, New Delhi. Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009

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Different Professional Groups        

ORIENTATION USERS Services  Energy conservation Designers  Safety & Security Architects  Promote human activity Fire Engineers Developers STANDARDS & CODES Owners-Promoters CIE & BIS guidelines Facility Managers  ECBC 2006 & NBC 2005  Local regulations / practices Maintenance  Fire Protection rules Insurance  Electrical Safety Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009

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BIS, BEE, IE Participate in code drafting

committee of BIS & BEE. NBC information dissemination seminars Energy Star rating (BEE) Fire Protection Code Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009

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Design Lighting for people!  Lighting pole as an object of interest.  Ornamental cast iron poles with opal glass

shades.  Direction guidance, Information display  Lighting to accentuate certain locations during the night.   

Light master plan as a strategy for the night. Tourism, Light objects that help orientation. Design for the new visitor to the city in mind.

 Knowledge --- effects of higher system fault

levels.

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Pedestrians Only Either there should be ornamental poles with decorative & functional lights or general lighting

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Accidents & Lighting

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Sky & Street Lighting

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Signs and markers

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Markers for edge & divider

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Vehicle, headlight & on coming vehicle - glare

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Standard Design elements for street lighting. Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009

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Parking area lighting with LED compared with HPSV

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Markers for edge & divider

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Markers - prismatic

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Lighting Code For Delhi  A new code for street lighting in Delhi has

been issued

 Uniformity & Integration  Based on CIE Recommendations  Energy Star rating (BEE)  Covers uniformity in

procurement process and performace evaluation Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009

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Street Lighting Standards  “Modernization of Delhi Street Lighting System-An

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Integrated Approach” is a build up to the Commonwealth Games 2010.. The image that Delhi Projects to its citizens and to the external world, is very important for the overall economic growth of India. Lighting is the most visible form, which forms the prime background of a City Image at night. Integration with the City Master Plan & Integration of work done by different agencies. Dark roads deter people and well-lit surroundings attract people. At the same time, city lighting if not planned well can create anarchy in visual environment (both in day and night) and lead to energy waste. Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009

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Street Lighting Standards  Uniformity of design --- NDMC, DMC, DDA, AAI, Etc.,  Based on CIE No.140-2000 for calculations  Emphasis lighting for pedestrian area interface with

vehicle area.  Intersections, Bus stops  Dark roads deter people and well-lit surroundings attract people. At the same time, city lighting if not planned well can create anarchy in visual environment (both in day and night) and lead to energy waste.

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Assistance from Fire Authorities  Get Fire Authorities to appreciate

benefits from the angle of fire.  Make busbar system mandatory for large buildings.  Make busbar system mandatory for technical buildings. Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009

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Asset Developers & Owners  Enhanced quality of building.  Highly reliable power distribution.  Property value enhancement more

than the additional investment.  Maintenance-Free.  Creation of more saleable space at ground level or first basement, which carries high sale or rental value. Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009

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Electricity Boards or Distribution Companies

 Energy meter at Ground level.  Some agencies have already agreed to allow use of trunking and provision of energy meters at upper floors.  Reluctance & objection from meter readers---

Management of union problems would change with privatization.  Bring case studies of bi-monthly & half-yearly meter reading.  Consumer to take meter reading & pay, with check metering at yearly or half-yearly intervals. Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009

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Are the benefit Measurable? We have to develop a were not there higher levels for street & secondary levelof for footpath was in order. system evaluating  With E & E in prime focus, lighting for pedestrian area should preference and the get problems &that makes it safer for vehicles & pedestrians.  Light benefits a common the streetson at intersections and pedestrian crossings. Give road edge lighting like runway. scalefootpath for comparison  Integrate lighting with lighting of shops.  Ease of Maintenance. to express the  Energy Efficiency-(source selection, automatic controls) alternatives by a  Security requirements are also answered better with lighting both sidesratio. of the road. suitable   When energy & Carbon emission considerations

Integrated design.

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Review Codes, Standards, SOP 1. Educate & reorient key & standards were drafted when  Present codes professionals. energy & environment were non critical.  Some cities have consciously moved towards 2. Educate stake holders on long term & hiddenthis. benefits.  Collect feedback on Visibility & Safety aspects . 3. Get the standards & codes identify  Problems in the event of design change. public good and make mandatory  Energy requirements reduce to about one-third. provisions instead of loose  Maintenance would be easy and better. recommendations.  Give light where people require it. 4. BETTER LIGHTINGactivities WITH LESS  Anti-people do not take place in the road. ENERGY & LEAST IMPACT ON  Street lighting – municipality; Design, Operation, ENVIRONMENT Maintenance by distribution agency. Confused division of responsibilty 36 Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009

Thank You Lecture for BESCOM Oct 8, 2009

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