Neurolan-pascualreview

Gross Neuroanatomy: a review for the practical exam

J.Leonard Pascual, MD FPNA PGH Neurosciences 1

Dura Mater

Middle Meningeal Artery

2

B

1

A. Cranial Fossae 1. Anterior 2. Middle 3. Posterior

B. Olfactory Nerve

C 2

D

C. Sella Turcica D. Foramen Magnum

3

E. Tentorial Notch

3

Arachnoid Granulations4

Arachnoid Mater Pia Mater

Transverse Fissure

5

6

Middle Frontal Gyrus

Precentral Gyrus

Inferior Frontal Gyrus a. Pars Opercularis b. Pars Triangularis c. Pars Orbicularis

Sylvian Fissure

Operculum 7

CEREBRAL CORTEX

8

Frontal eye field

v

- Junction of precentral & superior frontal gyrus

Broca's area

Wernicke's area

9

Central Sulcus Precentral Gyrus Postcentral Gyrus

10

1. Corpus callosum 1.1. Splenium 1.2. Genu 2. Cingulate gyrus 3. ACA 4. Optic nerve 5. Thalamus 6. Midbrain 7. Pons 8. Medulla 9. Cerebellum 9.1. Vermis

11

Quadrigeminal cistern Superior colliculus Optic chiasm 4th ventricle PCA

Paracentral lobule Septum pellucidum Pineal gland Mammillary bodies

12

Foramen of Monro ACA Pineal gland Aqueduct of Sylvius Posterior commissure Septum pellucidum

13

Caudate nucleus (head) Thalamus Dentate nucleus

14

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Olive

Middle cerebellar peduncle 15 Subthalamic nucleus

Hippocampus Amygdala Occipital horn Globus pallidus

Lateral geniculate nucleus Corona radiata

Pulvinar Putamen

Globus pallidus Anterior commissure Choroid plexus

Anterior vermis Cerebellar hemisphere 4th ventricle

A. Corpus callosum (genu) B. Superior frontal gyrus C. Middle frontal gyrus

B

D. Inferior frontal gyrus E. Gyrus rectus

C D

A

E

A D B

C F G

H

E

A. Corpus callosum B. Septum pellucidum C. Caudate nucleus (head) D. Frontal horn

E. ACA F. Internal capsule G. Putamen H. Insula

Superior sagittal sinus Internal carotid artery

A

B

A. ACA

C

B

B. Optic nerve

C. Optic tract

C

A. Anterior commissure B. Optic tract C. Globus pallidus D. External capsule

E

E. Putamen F. Claustrum G. Amygdala

Basal nucleus of Meynert Anterior perforated substance

D

B

G

C

A

E

A H

A. Insular cortex B. Putamen C. Extreme capsule D. Internal capsule

E. Claustrum F. Globus pallidus G. External capsule H. Basal nucleus of

25

m

Mammillothalamic tract Thalamus (anterior nucleus) Optic tract

Mammillary bodies Temporal horn Hippocampus Caudate nucleus (body)

26

t D

E

G F

H A. Inferior temporal gyrus B. Middle temporal gyrus C. Superior temporal gyrus Thalamus D. (VL nucleus) E. MCA

C

I

B A

F. Globus pallidus interna G. Globus pallidus externa H. Hippocampus 27 I. Claustrum

*

Optic chiasm Optic tract Optic nerve 3rd ventricle (*)

28

B

C

A

A. Subthalamic nucleus B. Paracentral lobule C. Cingulate gyrus

D

D. Mammillary bodies 29 E. Optic tract

D A

E B C

A. Fornix B. Red nucleus C. Substantia nigra D. Cerebral peduncle E. Lateral geniculate nucleus

30

B A

C

A. Massa intermedia B. Fornix C. Hippocampus

C

31

F B

C

E A

D

A. Corona radiata B. Internal capsule C. Cerebral peduncle D. Substantia nigra

E. Putamen F. Caudate Nucleus

32

B

F C

E D

A. Aqueduct of Sylvius B. Cingulate gyrus C. Pulvinar

A

D. PCA E. Pineal gland F. Splenium of 33 corpus callosum

Occipital Cortex Occipital Horn

Cerebellum

precuneus Parieto-occipital sulcus Cuneus

Line of Gennari

Posterior horn of LV Medial occipitotemporal gyrus

Caudate (Head) Putamen Anterior commisure

Globus pallidus Internal capsule Thalamus Posterior commisure

Habenula

Amygdala Hippocamp us

Hypoglossal nucleus

4th ventricle

Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

Olivary Nucleus Pyramid

Ventricular System Cavities filled with CSF within the brain parenchyma Choroid plexi along the lining of the ventricles produce CSF

Ventricular System

Blood Supply

Circle of Willis

• The ACA supplies the anterior and medial portions of the brain

the MCA supplies the lateral and inferior portions of the brain

small penetrating (lenticulostriate) arteries arise from

• the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) arises from the vertebral artery • the Basilar artery: – anterior inferior cerebellar – artery (AICA) – superior cerebellar artery – posterior cerebral artery

Venous Drainage the venous system is as important as the arterial supply