Network Protocols-lect 5

Network Protocols  Protocols are set of rules and regulations required to enable the communication among the computers having different OS Environment. There are two types of protocols: Connection-Oriented and Connection Less Protocols. Connection-oriented Protocols contacts the destination Host before transmitting the actual data and thus ensures the availability of destination Host. Connection-oriented protocols also acknowledges the receipt of received data and thus provides the reliable communication. TCP and SPX is connection-oriented protocols.

Connection less protocols does not contact destination host and transmits the data . Connection less protocols does not provide the acknowledgement for receipt of data and thus provides non-reliable communication. Connection less protocols are most widely used for faster data transfer. IP and IPX are connection less protocols.

TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol SPX stands for Sequential Packet Exchange IP stands for Internet Protocol IPX stands for Internetwork Packet Exchange. •There are also two types of protocols: Routable and Nonroutable Protocol. Non-routable protocols can not take part in routing process while routable protocols are used in routing process. Routing is the process of forwarding data packets from one network to another network and maintaining path between them. TCP/IP, IPX/SPX and Appletalk are routing routable

To accomplish any task in a network communication process sometimes more than one protocols are grouped and get that work done. This group of protocols is called protocol suit/stack. Here are some of the known protocols/protocol stacks. 3. Netbeui: •

Netbeui stands for network basic input output system extended user interface.

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Netbeui was developed by IBM.

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Performs very fast in small scale network and specially designed to work in small network.

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It does not support Routing Process.

1. TCP/IP •

TCP/IP is a global protocol developed by Department of defence (DOD) to secure their military network called ARPANET.

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TCP/IP is not a single protocols it is a group of large no of Protocols.

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TCP/IP is the smallest among all types of protocols.

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It supports the routing function and that is why it most widely used in WAN and Internet.

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Today almost all type of Operating Systems has built in support for TCP/IP Protocol.

Some of the TCP/IP group protocol are 2) TCP: It is connection oriented protocol and provides reliable communication. It operates at Transport layer of OSI Reference Model. 5) IP : It is a connection less protocol and does not provide reliable communication. It is used for faster data communication. It operates at Network Layer of OSI Reference Model. 9) ICMP: ICMP stands for Internet Control Message Protocol. It generates Echo Request and Echo Reply. Ping command use this Protocol while checking connectivity and the message like request timed out, destination host not reachable. Operates at Network Layer.

4). HTTP : It stands for Hyper Text transfer Protocol. It transfers the HTML based data between Web server to Web Browser. 5). FTP : It stands for File transfer protocol. It is used to transfer a file in LAN. It is also used for uploading files.Uploading is the process of transferring the file on internet from local computer.E.g. attaching file in email. 6). SMTP: It stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. It is used to distribute the emails from email server.The SMTP address can also be used as a outgoing mail server.

7). POP3: It stands for Post Office Protocol. It is used to receive the emails distributed by SMTP server. The POP3 address can also be used as a incoming mail server. 8). UDP: It stands for User Datagram Protocol. It is a connection less protocol that operates at the transport layer and used for faster data communication also it is used by DHCP server for providing automatic IP Address. 9). DHCP: It stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol and it is used to assign IP addresses Dynamically (Automatically) to all the clients in a network.

10). SLIP: Serial Line Internet Protocol. It is older protocol that was used for dial up connectivity between dial up server and client. It supports TCP and IP only and only supports static IP only. 11). PPP: Point to Point Protocol. This is improved version of SLIP and used for dial up connectivity. It supports static as well as Dynamic IP. It supports TCP/IP as well as other protocols. 12). Telnet: Telnet is a command line based terminal emulation program and used to administrate remote computer in CLI.

3. IPX/SPX • It is the protocol developed by Novell Company for their Netware Product. • It also supports routing process. • IPX stands for Internetwork Packet Exchange. It is connection oriented protocol and provides reliable communication. It operates at Transport layer of OSI Reference Model. • SPX stands for sequential Packet Exchange. It is a connection less protocol and does not provide reliable communication. It is used for faster data communication. It operates at Network Layer of OSI Reference Model.

4. Appletalk  Appletalk is a protocol developed by Apple company for their Macintosh Operating System. 4. DLC Protocol. DLC stands for Data Link Protocol. These protocol is used for:  Providing Connectivity between PC and Mainframe.  Used to be installed in a computer to communicate with the HP Jetdirect Printer 6. Nw-link Protocol It is Microsoft’s implementation against Novell’s IPX/SPX Protocol.