Nepal Ipm Review 2006

IPM REGIONAL REVIEW AND

COORDINATION WORKSHOP 2006 DISTRICT AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT OFFICE

RAMECHHAP, NEPAL by

Harihar Adhikari, M. Sc. Ag. Plant Pathology Plant Protection Officer DADO, Ramechhap Regional IPM Review and Coordination Workshop, Ramechhap

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Powerpoint Presentation Layout Ramechhap Slide content

Slide No

Attention

1-2

Ramechhap Terrain / Agriculture

3-12

Irrigation structure problems

13-15

Agricultural marketing Ramechhap

16-18

Farmers’ priorities

19-20

Role of DADO/PPO/HDO/AEO

21-32

IPM review Ramechhap

33-43

Regional IPM Review and Coordination Workshop, Ramechhap

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River Basin based Cereals and Vegetables Pocket Bhatauli-Pakarbas-Bhaluwajor Manthali-Khurkot Road

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Agriculture Ramechhap

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Agricultural Statistics Ramechhap Almost all crops are grown (500 -4500 m) S.No

Area Under cultivation

Production volume

Crop productivity (ton/ha)

Maize

23008

66723.2

2.9

Millet

5057

6068.4

1.20

Rice

9408

36220.8

3.85

Wheat

483

108.6.0

2.25

Citrus

1139

11092.0

11.8

Vegetables

530

6148.0

11.6

Potato

3040

29913.5

9.84

Pulses

370

306.0

1.02

Oilseed crops

437

349.6

0.8

Major Crop

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Agriculture Ramechhap

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Agricultural Marketing Ramechhap

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Meat Marketing Ramechhap

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• • • • • • • • • • • • •

Farmers' Priorities

Acquire land Legalise ownership Arrange for family experiences Socio-cultural considerations Cropping pattern based on topography Family interest and market value Seeding, broadcasting or transplanting Irrigation and weeding management Intercultural operations & pest management (IPM) Crop maturity and harvest Processing and storage Marketing of surplus product Family expenditure and the continuum Regional IPM Review and Coordination Workshop, Ramechhap

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A typical mid-hill farmer, Okhreni VDC

Regional IPM Review and Coordination Workshop, Ramechhap

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Problematic insect pests of crops in Ramechhap • • • • • • • • • • • •

Citrus green bug Citrus scale insect DBM Mango stone weevil Cut worms Red ants Termites Epilachna beetle Red spider mite Litchi leaf curl mite Litchi bug Banana bunch beetle

Fruit fly of cucurbits Citrus fruit fly Various aphids, Citrus aphids Cucurbit stem splitter Potato tuber moth Rice leaf folder Red pumpkin beetle Cabbage bud grasshopper Citrus nematode Brinjal fruit and shoot borer Banana stem borer Chilly thrips

Regional IPM Review and Coordination Workshop, Ramechhap

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Problematic diseases of crops in Ramechhap • • • • • • • • • •

Citrus gummosis Damping off of vegetables Wilt of solanaceae Papaya virus Alternaria of brassicas Blast of rice Chilly mosaic virus Yellow rust of wheat Cauliflower boron deficiency Blight of potato

Leaf spot of maize Leaf spot of rice Chilly anthracnose Blight of chilly Powdery mildew of citrus Downy mildew of cucurbits Gummy stem blight of BG Black rot of crucifers Bacterial soft rot of cabbage

Regional IPM Review and Coordination Workshop, Ramechhap

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Role of DADO / IPM Officer

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Role of DADO / IPM Officer

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Role of DADO / IPM Officer

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Damage by Red Spider Mite

Regional IPM Review and Coordination Workshop, Ramechhap

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Role of IPM Officer

IPM FFS

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Pesticide use on crops Ramechhap

• Pesticide use is minimal and is applied in commercial chilly, potato, cucurbits, etc. • Nuvan for almost all insects, bed bugs, animal shed, sleeping bed (palang) • Rogor, Dimethoate for citrus green bug, scale insects, aphids, lepidopterous larvae • Mineral oil for citrus scale insects • Dithane M-45, Krylaxyl gold and Bavistin for blights of potato, vegetables, chilly, etc Regional IPM Review and Coordination Workshop, Ramechhap

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VDCwise FFS Conducted Ramechhap (12/55) S No

VDC

Crop

Location

Farmer Facilitator

AEO (2057.5-)

PPO (2060.8-)

HDO (2061.11-)

1

Sukajor

Cau, Junar

S-3, 6, 9

2

-

2

2

2

Okhreni

Cab, Junar

O-8

1

1

-

-

3

Pakarbas

Rice, Chilly

P–3

-

1

1

-

4

Khimti

TPS, Rice

K–1

1

1

-

-

5

Ramechhap

Cauli, Junar

R–4

-

1

1

-

6

Tilpung

Rice

T–9

2

-

-

-

7

Manthali

Rice

M – 1, 4

-

2

-

-

8

Bhatauli

TPS

B–2

-

1

-

-

9

Bhaluwajor

Cauliflower

B–1

-

1

-

-

10

Chisapani

Rice

C–8

1

-

-

-

11

Gelu

Rice

G–7

1

-

-

-

12

Phulasi

Rice

P–1

1

-

-

-

9

8

4

2

Total FFS(21)

5

15

Regional IPM Review and Coordination Workshop, Ramechhap

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FFS REPORTING FORMAT (270 PAGES) v08 !M s[ifs kf7zfnfsf] clGtd r]sln:6 tyf k|ltj]bg -kfgf (%_ ;xh stf{n] kf7zfnf ;+rfng ug{ dfu u/]sf] lgj]bg kfgf ! clGtd r]sln:6 kfgf % ljj/0ffTds k|ltj]bg kfgf % afnL rqm, n}=lj=, tof/L j}7s, ;fKtflxs xflhl/, sfo{tflnsf kfgf @^ rf/ pk;d"x k|To]ssf] AESA COMPILATION kfgf * t'ngfTds ;fKtflxs ;f/f+z s[ifs tl/sf kfgf !^ t'ngfTds ;fKtflxs ;f/f+z cfO{ lk Pd tl/sf kfgf !^ s[ifs kf7zfnfsf] ;fKtflxs l/kf]6{ kfgf !^ s[ifs lbazdf pkl:ylt / lg0f{o k|ltlnlk kfgf @ kmf]6f] !@ k|lt, Jofg/ yfg ! v08 @M s[lif kof{j/0f k|0ffnL ljZn]if0f -kfgf !@*_ rf/ pk–;d"x k|To]ssf] s[ifs tl/sfdf s[lif kof{j/0f k|0ffnL ljZn]if0f kfgf $ x !^ = ^$ rf/ pk–;d"x k|To]ssf] cfO{ lk Pd tl/sfdf s[lif k= k|= lj= kfgf $ x !^ = ^$ v08 #M vr{ ljj/0f -kfgf $&_ kmd{ g+ ! kfgf @ kmd{ g+ @ kfgf ! kmd{ g+ # ;+u ;DjlGwt ef}r/ kfgf ^ ef}r/ ;+Vof ! b]lv !( sf] kfgf !( ;fbf sfuhdf 6fF; u/L ef}r/df gTyL u/LPsf] lan ekf{O{ ;+Vof kfgf !( Regional IPM Review and Coordination Workshop, Ramechhap

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PPO / IPM Trainer: Harihar Adhikari* (IPM Training: 2056, Rice, Janakpur)

FFS Facilitated S.N.

FFS Name

Location

Crop

Fund Source PPD

DADO

FFS date

Farmer Facilitator's Name

ASC Technician

1

Kalapani IPM FFS

Phulasi-1

Rice

*

-

2060/03/16-2060/8/05

Dipsikha Dahal

-

2

Kalikadevi IPM FSS

Sukajor-6

Junar

-

*

2060/7/22-2060/11/17

-

Jahan Bdr karki

3

Janajyoti IPM FSS

Khimti-1

Paddy

*

-

2061/03/21- 2061/7/23

Dipsikha Dahal

-

4

Chanaute Dhande IPM FSS

Tilpung-9

Paddy

*

-

2061/03/28- 2061/7/24

Dipsikha Dahal

-

5

Raktakali IPM FSS

Sukajor-3

Cauliflower

-

*

2061/8/12 - 2061/12/13

-

Jahan Bdr karki

Bhimsen IPM FSS

Chisapani-8

Paddy

*

-

2062/3/05 -2062/08/25

Dipsikha Dahal Somesh Thapa

Cauliflower

-

*

Cauliflower

*

-

Rice

*

-

6 7 8

Kartike Taja Tarkari Utpadan

Ramechhap-4

Bhumithan Janajtoti IPM FSS

Sukajor-9

9 Manakamana IPM FFS 10

Trishakti Janajagaran IPM FSS

*2046-2054 in Sericulture

Gelu-7

Sukajor-9

Cauliflower

*

-

Narayan Kumar magar Jahan Bdr Karki

2062/ 08/ - 2062/11/ 2062/08/01-2062/12/26

Padam Lama Hari Bahadur Ghising

2063/03/14 - 2063/08/

Dipsikha Dahal Somesh Thapa Shankha Bir Majhi

2063/04/5- 2063/

Regional IPM Review and Coordination Workshop, Ramechhap

Padam Lama Hari Bahadur Ghising

Jahan Bdr Karki

Jahan Bdr Karki

2057-2060 M. Sc. Study Leave 35

HDO/ IPM Trainer : Bharat Bahadur Acharya (IPM Training 2058, Vegetable) FFS conducted S.N.

Activities

district

Number

budget source

PPD

DADO

SSMP

FFS Location

Crop

FFS start date

1

IPM FFS Vegs.

Dolakha

1

*

-

-

Bhimeshwor M-10

Cauliflower

2058-10

2

IPM FFS Vegs.

Dolakha

1

-

*

-

Bhimeshwor M-1

Cauliflower

2058-10

3

IPM FFS Vegs.

Dolakha

1

*

-

-

Bhimeshwor M-2

Cauliflower

2059-07

4

IPM FFS Vegs.

Dolakha

1

-

*

-

Bhimeshwor M-10

Cauliflower

2059-10

5

IPM FFS Vegs.

Dolakha

1

-

*

-

Bhimeshwor M-2

Cauliflower

2060-07

6

IPNS FFS Vegs

Dolakha

1

-

-

*

Bhimeshwor M-1

Cauliflower + Maize

2059-07

7

IPNS FFS Vegs

Dolakha

1

-

-

*

Bhimeshwor M-2

Cauliflower + Maize

2059-07

8

IPNS FFS Vegs

Dolakha

1

-

-

*

Bhimeshwor M-10

Cauliflower + Maize

2060-08

9

IPM FFS Vegs

Ramechhap

1

-

*

-

Ramechhap-4

Cauliflower

2062-07

10

IPM FFS Vegs

Ramechhap

1

*

-

-

Sukajor-9

Cauliflower

2063-04

Regional IPM Review and Coordination Workshop, Ramechhap

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Benefits of IPM Adoption to Farmers • Empowers farmers for field problem identification and agroecology analysis. • Helps farmers to judicially use pesticide based on insect pest, disease or severity. • Social cooperation and understanding is increased. • Commercial farmers in pocket areas are more benefited. • IPM brought awareness on their own friends, the "natural enemies of insect pests, weeds and diseases".

Regional IPM Review and Coordination Workshop, Ramechhap

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Experiences from IPM FFS •

•

• • •

Small plot trials (simulation trials) helps progressive farmers to design and test small farming problems on their own field. Due to balanced fertilizer use, proper doses and frequency of pesticide use, quantity as well as quality of agriculture produce is increased, farming cost is decreased. Conservation of natural enemies is enhanced. Participants could diagnose field problems and solve it by themselves. Overall package of production practices helps farm families to sustain their agriculture. Regional IPM Review and Coordination Workshop, Ramechhap

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ISSUES OF IPM IMPLEMENTATION •

•

• • •

IPM is an ecological approach to agriculture and needs more labour and understanding, which is in short supply even in the farm families. Educated family members do not want to continue agriculture occupation; their parents guide their children to search occupations that are more rewarding. Consumers have not focused their interests to get healthy or good quality products. Therefore, there is no support to IPM. There is no any social, moral or intellectual value of agriculture from elite groups. Different trainings, workshops, meetings, seminars are entertained nowadays, but the field allowance for IPM farmer facilitators are stagnant since a decade. Regional IPM Review and Coordination Workshop, Ramechhap

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ISSUES OF IPM IMPLEMENTATION -----continued • Policy advocacy and reform initiative should come from those who actually use it. • Technology and policy generation centres such as Agricultural Colleges, NARC, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Local Governance, etc should be guided by progressive farmers and their trade associations; they should not remain as passive adopters.

Regional IPM Review and Coordination Workshop, Ramechhap

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Recommendations to improve farming situations All basic infrastructures such as land holding size, irrigation water, access to reasonably priced supplies and road networks, packaging and transportation discounts, access to free education and health services provided in integrated way can sustain agriculture and farming tradition. Farmers should be empowered to fix prices of their products, and they should not be compelled to sell their products in compulsion or due to poverty.

Regional IPM Review and Coordination Workshop, Ramechhap

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Recommendations to improve IPM Adoption • Participants should all be commercial farmers, but may not be available in such numbers required at one pocket. • Second FFS on another crop should be given to the same group to increase learning habit (environment). • The FFS should be conducted on economically important crop, incorporating significant bottlenecks (more on rice?). • Farmer trainer him/her-self should be commercial farmer, & known for his/her performance in farming. • More than one FFS per week by a single IPM trainer may not be so effective. • Facilitator allowance should be increased to Rs 600/week. • Adoption can not be enforced, facilitation may help it. Regional IPM Review and Coordination Workshop, Ramechhap

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PROBLEMS ON IMPLEMENTING IPM • Farmers, students and school teachers want to participate the FFS on Saturdays when the IPM facilitator is legally obliged to take rest. • When commercial pocket areas are far from either DADO or ASC offices, the IPM facilitator must be ready to spent 2-3 days; 3-5 hours walk one way, each week is certainly difficult. • Follow-up programs, such as monthly meetings, monthly savings, or linkages with ASCs are poor. • Professional videos on IPM / ICM / IDM / IPNS / ICWMP are far better effective medium of communication for the public, than the FFS, but are not created or are costly or not available. 43 Regional IPM Review and Coordination Workshop, Ramechhap

HDO

DPA Himganga VDC SADO

THANK YOU Regional IPM Review and Coordination Workshop, Ramechhap

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THE END

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