Neck Lecture

Identify the muscles of the neck and indicate their major actions and sources of innervation. Indicate the relationship of each of the muscle groups to the layers of deep fascia in the neck.

Posterior cervical triangle

Anterior triangles

Suprahyoid muscles

Infrrahyoid muscles

Trapezius

Sternocleidomastoid

Investing layer of deep cervical fascia Pretracheal fascia (visceral part)

Carotid sheath

T E

Sternocleidomastoid

Pretracheal fascia (muscular part) Prevertebral muscles Alar fascia

Buccopharyngeal fascia Prevertebral fascia

Trapezius

Deep Cervical Fascia

Scalene muscles

Identify the three pharyngeal constrictor muscles and their anterior attachments to bony/cartilaginous structures. Identify the three small longitudinal muscles of the pharynx.

Buccinator

Superior constrictor Stylopharyngeus Middle constrictor Pterygomandibular raphe

Stylopharyngeus Superior constrictor Middle constrictor Inferior constrictor

Inferior constrictor Cricopharyngeus Cricopharyngeus

Salpingopharyngeus Palatopharyngeus

Identify the major cartilages of the larynx Epiglottis

Epiglottis

Hyoid

Hyoid

Thyroid cart.

Thyroid cart. Arytenoid cart.

Arytenoid cart.

Cricoid cart.

Anterior view

Vocal Cord

Cricoid cart.

Posterior view

http://www.emory.edu/ANATOMY/Contents.html

Sagittal Section

…and the muscles which bring about their movement.

Arytenoideus Cricothyroid

Posterior Crico-arytenoid Thyro-arytenoid Lateral Crico-arytenoid Cricothyroid

Lateral view

Lateral view (deeper)

Posterior view

Identify the role played by each of these muscles in the control of the control of the size of the rima glottidis. Post. Crico-arytenoid

Lat. Crico-arytenoid

Arytenoid cart. Rima glottidis

Arytenoid cart Aryepiglottic fold Rima glottidis

Vocal cord

Vocal cord Thyroid cart.

Thyroid cart.

Arytenoideus

Actions of intrinsic laryngeal muscles http://www.voice-center.com/voice_mecha.html

Follow the course of sensory and motor innervation of the larynx. Predict the functional consequences of damage to these nerves.

Trace the course of nerves through the neck noting especially: the sensory and motor branches of the cervical and brachial plexuses, their course and distribution in the neck and their relationship to major bony, muscular, or vascular landmarks in the region. Great auricular n. Hypoglossal n. (XII) Great auricular n.

C1

Lesser occipital n.

C2

Lesser occipital n.

Transverse cervical nn.

C3 C4 Accessory n. (XI)

Ansa cervicalis

C5

Hypoglossal n. (XII) Supraclavicular nn.

Accessory n. (XI) Phrenic n.

Ansa cervicalis

C5 Dorsal scapular n.

Vagus n. (X)

C6

Nn. to longus colli and scalenes

C7

Suprascapular n.

C8 Phrenic n.

T1

Long thoracic n.

Trace the course of nerves through the neck noting especially: the extension of the upper part of the sympathetic trunk into the neck region.

Vagus (X) C1 Sup. Cervical gang. C2 C3 Carotid plexus C4 Middle C5 Cervical gang. C6 C7 Cervicothoracic C8 gang.

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Trace the flow of arterial blood from the aorta through the neck including vessels that pass through the neck without branching and those that send branches to viscera and muscles of the neck.

Two main arteries are found in the neck: Subclavian and branches and Carotid Vertebral Deep cervical

Post. auricular

Superficial temporal Maxillary

Ascending cervical Transverse cervical

Inf. thyroid

Facial

Int. carotid

Digastric Lingual

Thyrocervical

Ext. carotid Sup. thyroid Sup. laryngeal

Suprascapular Ascending pharyngeal

Omohyoid

Common carotid

Subclavian

Ext. Carotid

Trace the pathways for venous drainage from the neck into the brachial veins.

Sup. thyroid

Ext. jugular

Int. jugular Middle thyroid

Inf. thyroid Ant. jugular